Eye and Face Protection - E
化学品EC安全代码的中英文含义
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
立即脱掉全部污染的衣服；
S28
After contact with skin, wash immediately with plenty of … (to be specified by the manufacturer).
S46
If swallowed, seek medical advice immediately and show this container or label.
食入时，立即求医并出示容器/标签；
S47
Keep at temperature not exceeding … degr. C (to be specified by the manufacturer).
如果你感觉不适，征求医生意见（可能时出示标签）；
S45
In case of accident or if you feel unwell, seek medical advice immediately (show the lable where possible).
发生事故时或感觉不适时，立即求医（可能时出示标签）；
S6
Keep under … (inert gas to be specified by the manufacturer).
将该物质保存在生产厂家指定的惰性气体中；
S7
Keep container tightly closed.
保存在严格密闭容器中；
S7/47
Keep container tightly closed and at a temperature not exceeding …. (to be specified by the manufacturer)
危险品安全警告短语(S-)
S43A
In case of fire, use dry chemical (never use water)
着火时使用干粉消防器材种类灭火(禁止用水)
S43B
In case of fire, use fire-fighting equipment on basis of sodium chloride or sodium bicarbonate (never use water)
戴护目镜或面具
S40
To clean the floor and all objects contaminated by this material use…(to be specified by the manufacturer)
使用…(制造商指定的物质)清理污染的地板及其他被污染的地方
S41
In case of fire and/or explosion do not breathe fumes
保持温度不超过…°C (由制造商指定)
S48
Keep wetted with…(appropriate material to be specified by the manufacturer)
用…物质(由制造商指定适当物料)保湿
S49
Keep only in the original container
在排放入污水处理厂前获得官方污染控制机构许可
S55
Treat using the best available techniques before discharge into drains or the aquatic environment
在排入污水道和水生环境前进行最佳可行性技术处理
眼睛防护绝版好材料
Eye Protection 眼睛的保护The following topics are covered:Workplace Eye Hazards工作场所中伤害眼睛的危险源Types of Eye Protection眼睛的防护类型Use & Care of Eye Protection应用及关注眼睛的保护Your Eyes你的眼睛What can be more precious than your sight?还有比视力更珍贵的东西吗？What if you could no longer see this?如果你再也看不到这些？Types of Eye Hazards 伤害眼睛的类型Flying objects 飞行的物体Particles and dust颗粒及粉尘Harmful light radiation –ultraviolet, lasers, infrared有害的光辐射-紫外线，激光，红外线Chemicals 化学品(severe Alkali)强碱Sources of Eye Hazards 眼睛伤害源头Flying objects or particles in eye飞行物体或颗粒物进入眼睛Grinding抛光Sanding打磨Nail gun use 钉枪的使用Sandblasting喷砂Woodworking木制加工Blow down 吹扫Chemical Hazards化学伤害The most dangerous chemicals tothe eyes are corrosive liquids.大绝大多数对眼睛造成伤害的危险化学品是腐蚀性的液体。
Examples include acids, lye, bleach, ammonia, sodium hydroxide and formaldehyde.包括酸，碱，漂白剂，氨水，氢氧化钠，甲醛。
Other chemicals can also be extremely irritating to the eyes.其它化学品也会对眼睛造成较大的刺激。
眼部面部的保护- Eye and Face Protection
Protecting employees from workplace hazards Impact hazards
We can use safety spectacles, safety goggles and face
shields. Worker are required to use eye safety spectacles with side
shields when there is a hazard from flying objects.
Goggles fit the face immediately surrounding the eyes and form a protective seal around the eyes. This prevent objects from entering under or around the goggles. When worn alone, face shields do not protect employees from
Protecting employees from workplace hazards Chemical hazards
We can use safety goggles and face shields. Goggles form a protective seal around the eyes, preventing objects of liquids from entering under or around the goggles.
impact hazards. Use face shields spectacles or goggles for
additional protection.
《物质安全数据表》安全用语英汉对照版
《物质安全数据表》安全用语英汉对照版S-phrases are defined in Annex IV of European Union Directive 67/548/EEC: Safety advice concerning dangerous substances and preparations. The list was consolidated and republished in Directive 2001/59/EC, where translations into other EU languages may be found.安全建议标准词（英语：Safety phrases，简写：S-phrases）是于《欧联指导标准67/548/EEC 附录Ⅳ: 有关危险物品与其储备的安全建议》里定义。
该列表被集中并再出版于指导标准2001/59/EC，读者于该处也可以找到其他欧联语系翻译。
These safety phrases are used internationally and not just in Europe, and there is an ongoing effort towards complete international harmonization. (Note: missing S-number combinations indicate phrases that were deleted or replaced by another phrase.)该处安全建议标准词为国际通用，并不只是局限于欧洲，并且该标准词目前正致力于完成国际间的同调。
注意：缺少S-号码的组合表示标准词被删除或者被其他标准词取代。
(S1): Keep locked upS1：上锁储存(S2): Keep out of the reach of childrenS2：防止儿童触及S3: Keep in a cool placeS3：置于阴凉处S4: Keep away from living quartersS4：远离住家空间S5: Keep contents under ... (appropriate liquid to be specified by the manufacturer)S5：保存在液体中（液体种类由生产厂家指定）S6: Keep under ... (inert gas to be specified by the manufacturer)S6：保存在惰性气体中（气体种类由生产厂家指定）S7: Keep container tightly closedS7：保管容器必须严格密闭S8: Keep container dryS8：保管容器必须保持干燥S9: Keep container in a well-ventilated placeS9：容器必须储放于通风良好的地方S12: Do not keep the container sealedS12：不要密封保存S13: Keep away from food, drink and animal feedingstuffsS13：远离食品、饮料、饲料等S14: Keep away from ... (incompatible materials to be indicated by the manufacturer)S14：远离制造者指定的敏感物质S15: Keep away from heatS15：远离热源S16: Keep away from sources of ignition - No smokingS16：远离燃点- 禁烟S17: Keep away from combustible materialS17：远离可燃物S18: Handle and open container with careS18：小心处理容器与开启容器S20: When using do not eat or drinkS20：使用中严禁饮食S21: When using do not smokeS21：使用中禁烟S22: Do not breathe dustS22：不要吸入微尘S23: Do not breathe gas/fumes/vapour/spray (appropriate wording to be specified by the manufacturer)S23：不要吸入瓦斯/毒气/蒸气/泡沫（合适用词由制造业者指定）S24: Avoid contact with skinS24：避免接触皮肤S25: Avoid contact with eyesS25：避免接触眼睛S26: In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice S26：接触眼睛后立即用大量清水冲洗并求医S27: Take off immediately all contaminated clothingS27：立即脱去被污染了的衣服S28: After contact with skin, wash immediately with plenty of ... (to be specified by the manufacturer)S28：接触皮肤后立即用大量液体冲洗（用来冲洗的液体由生产厂家指定）S29: Do not empty into drainsS29：禁止排入下水道S30: Never add water to this productS30：严禁向该制品加水S33: Take precautionary measures against static dischargesS33：预防静电S35: This material and its container must be disposed of in a safe wayS35：该物质及容器必须以安全安全方式处置S36: Wear suitable protective clothingS36：穿着适合的防护服S37: Wear suitable glovesS37：戴适合的手套S38: In case of insufficient ventilation wear suitable respiratory equipmentS38：通风不良时戴适合的呼吸装备S39: Wear eye/face protectionS39：戴适合的护脸护演装备S40: To clean the floor and all objects contaminated by this material use ... (to be specified by the manufacturer)S40：用清洁剂清洗被该物质污染过的地面和所有物品（清洁剂由生产厂家指定）S41: In case of fire and/or explosion do not breathe fumesS41：着火爆炸时不要吸入烟雾S42: During fumigation/spraying wear suitable respiratory equipment (appropriate wording to be specified by the manufacturer)S42：薰蒸或喷洒时佩带适合的呼吸装备S43: In case of fire use ... (indicate in the space the precise type of fire-fighting equipment. If water increases the risk add - Never use water)S43：着火时用指定物质灭火（如喷水增加危险性，请加注严禁用水）S45: In case of accident or if you feel unwell seek medical advice immediately (show the label where possible)S45：发生事故或感到不适时立即求医，可能的话出示标签S46: If swallowed, seek medical advice immediately and show this container or labelS46：如果误服请立即求医，可能的话出示容器或标签S47: Keep at temperature not exceeding ... °C (to be specified by the manufacturer)S47：保持温度不高于（生产厂家指定的温度）S48: Keep wet with ... (appropriate material to be specified by the manufacturer)S48：用指定物质保持湿润S49: Keep only in the original containerS49：限原容器储存S50: Do not mix with ... (to be specified by the manufacturer)S50：禁止与某些物质混合（所限物质由生产厂家指定）S51: Use only in well-ventilated areasS51：仅可于通风处使用S52: Not recommended for interior use on large surface areasS52：不推荐在表面积大的区域内部使用S53: Avoid exposure - obtain special instructions before useS53：防止暴露：使用前需获特别指导S56: Dispose of this material and its container at hazardous or special waste collection pointS56：在危险废物或有毒废物收集处处置该物质及容器S57: Use appropriate containment to avoid environmental contaminationS57：适当封存以免污染环境S59: Refer to manufacturer/supplier for information on recovery/recyclingS59：参考生产厂家/提供商所给信息进行回收/再利用S60: This material and its container must be disposed of as hazardous wasteS60：该物质及容器必须按危险废物放置S61: Avoid release to the environment. Refer to special instructions/safety data sheetS61：防止排向环境，参考特别指示或安全技术说明书操作S62: If swallowed, do not induce vomiting: seek medical advice immediately and show this container or labelS62：误服后不要催吐，要立即求医并出示容器或标签S63: In case of accident by inhalation: remove casualty to fresh air and keep at restS63：若意外吸入情况发生时，移动伤者至通风空气清新处并保持休息S64: If swallowed, rinse mouth with water (only if the person is conscious)S64：若不慎吞服并且患者仍清醒，用清水漱口Combinations组合(S1/2): Keep locked up and out of the reach of childrenS1/2：上锁储存并防止儿童触及S3/7: Keep container tightly closed in a cool placeS3/7：保管容器必须严格密闭并置于阴凉处S3/7/9: Keep container tightly closed in a cool, well-ventilated placeS3/7/9：保管容器必须严格密闭并置于阴凉、通风良好的地方S3/9/14: Keep in a cool, well-ventilated place away from ... (incompatible materials to be indicated by the manufacturer)S3/9/14：置于阴凉、通风良好的地方，并远离制造者指定的敏感物质S3/9/14/49: Keep only in the original container in a cool, well-ventilated place away from ... (incompatible materials to be indicated by the manufacturer)S3/9/14/49：限原容器储存，置于阴凉、通风良好的地方，并远离制造者指定的敏感物质S3/9/49: Keep only in the original container in a cool, well-ventilated placeS3/9/49：限原容器储存，置于阴凉、通风良好的地方S3/14 Keep in a cool place away from ... (incompatible materials to be indicated by the manufacturer)S3/14：置于阴凉处并远离制造者指定的敏感物质S7/8: Keep container tightly closed and dryS7/8：严格密闭，保持干燥S7/9: Keep container tightly closed and in a well-ventilated placeS7/9：严格密闭，保持通风S7/47: Keep container tightly closed and at temperature not exceeding ... °C (to be specified by the manufacturer)S7/47：保管容器必须严格密闭且保持温度不高于（生产厂家指定的温度）S20/21: When using do not eat, drink or smokeS20/21：使用中严禁饮食吸烟S24/25: Avoid contact with skin and eyesS24/25：防止接触皮肤与眼睛S27/28: After contact with skin, take off immediately all contaminated clothing, and wash immediately with plenty of ... (to be specified by the manufacturer)S27/28：接触皮肤后立即脱去被污染了的衣服并用大量液体冲洗（用来冲洗的液体由生产厂家指定）S29/35: Do not empty into drains; dispose of this material and its container in a safe wayS29/35：该物质及容器必须以安全方式处置并禁止排入下水道S29/56: Do not empty into drains, dispose of this material and its container at hazardous or special waste collection pointS29/56：在危险废物或有毒废物收集处处置该物质及容器，禁止排入下水道S36/37: Wear suitable protective clothing and glovesS36/37：请穿戴适当防护服装与手套处理本物质S36/37/39: Wear suitable protective clothing, gloves and eye/face protectionS36/37/39：穿戴适合的防护服、手套及护眼护脸装备S36/39: Wear suitable protective clothing and eye/face protectionS36/39：穿戴适合的防护服、护脸、护眼装备S37/39: Wear suitable gloves and eye/face protectionS37/39：穿戴适合的手套及护眼护脸装备S47/49: Keep only in the original container at temperature not exceeding ... °C (to be specified bythe manufacturer)S47/49：限原容器储存并保持温度不高于（生产厂家指定的温度）R-phrases (short for Risk Phrases) are defined in Annex III of European Union Directive 67/548/EEC: Nature of special risks attributed to dangerous substances and preparations. The list was consolidated and republished in Directive 2001/59/EC, where translations into other EU languages may be found.警示性质标准词（英语：Risk Phrases，简写：R-phrases）是于《欧联指导标准67/548/EEC 附录III: 有关危险物品与其储备的特殊风险性质》里定义。
保护眼睛的意见英语作文
保护眼睛的意见英语作文Protecting Our Precious Vision.Vision is one of our most valuable senses, enabling us to perceive the world in a way that other senses cannot. It allows us to appreciate the beauty of nature, read books, watch movies, and enjoy the countless visual pleasures life has to offer. However, with the demands of modern life and the proliferation of digital screens, our eyes are constantly under strain. It is, therefore, crucial to prioritize eye care and take proactive measures to protect our vision.Maintaining a Healthy Lifestyle.A healthy lifestyle is the foundation of good eye health. Regular exercise, a balanced diet, and sufficient sleep are essential for maintaining overall well-being, including eye health. Eating a diet rich in fruits and vegetables, especially those containing antioxidants likevitamins A, C, and E, can help protect the eyes from damage caused by free radicals. Additionally, omega-3 fatty acids, found in fish and nuts, are beneficial for eye health.Regular Eye Examinations.Regular eye examinations are crucial for monitoring eye health and detecting any potential problems early. These examinations involve a series of tests that assess vision, eye alignment, and the overall health of the eye. If any issues are detected, timely intervention can often prevent further deterioration.Protecting Against Digital Eye Strain.With the increasing use of digital devices, digital eye strain is becoming a common problem. Staring at screens for extended periods can lead to eye fatigue, dry eyes, and even blurred vision. To mitigate this, it is essential to take regular breaks, practice the 20-20-20 rule (every 20 minutes, look at something 20 feet away for 20 seconds), and adjust screen brightness and contrast to a comfortablelevel.Using Protective Eyewear.Protective eyewear, such as sunglasses and safety goggles, can help protect the eyes from harmful ultraviolet (UV) rays and prevent eye injuries. Sunglasses block UV rays, reducing the risk of cataracts and other eye conditions. Safety goggles, on the other hand, areessential for those working in environments where there is a risk of eye injury, such as construction sites or laboratories.Quitting Smoking.Smoking is a significant risk factor for several eye diseases, including cataracts, macular degeneration, and glaucoma. Quitting smoking can significantly reduce therisk of developing these conditions. Additionally, smoking can lead to dry eyes and other eye problems. Therefore, quitting smoking is not only beneficial for overall health but also for eye health.In Conclusion.Protecting our eyes is crucial for maintaining good vision and overall well-being. A healthy lifestyle, regular eye examinations, protection against digital eye strain, the use of protective eyewear, and quitting smoking are all effective measures that can help us preserve our precious vision. By prioritizing eye care and taking proactive measures, we can enjoy the beauty of the world through healthy, happy eyes well into our later years.。
安全性描述(Safety Description)
Safety Phrases
英文解释
中文解释
S1
Keep locked up.
上锁；
S1/2
Keep locked up and out of reach of children.
上锁保管并避免儿童触及；
S2
Keep out of reach of children.
不要排入下水道，在危险废物或特殊废物收集点处置该物料及其容器；
S30
Never add water to this product.
切勿将水加入该产品中；
S31
Keep away fromexplosive materials.
远离爆炸物质；
S33
Take precautionary measures against static discharges.
Keep containertightly closed and at a temperature not exceeding ...鳦. (to be specified by the manufacturer)
保持容器严格密闭，温度不超过….°C（由生产厂家指定）；
S7/8
Keep container tightly closed and dry.
保存在阴凉、通风良好场所，远离（生产厂家指明的不兼容的物料）；
S3/9/14/49
Keep only in the originalcontainer in a cool, well-ventilated place away from ...
保存在原始容器中，放在阴凉通风良好场所，远离（生产厂家指明的不兼容的物料）；
29CFR1910
29CFR 1910.132GUIDELINES FOR HAZARD ASSESSMENTAND PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT SELECTIONNOTE: THE FOLLOWING GUIDELINES ARE PROVIDED ONLY AS A GUIDE TO ASSIST EMPLOYERS AND EMPLOYEES INCOMPLYING WITH THE REQUIREMENTS OF 29CFR 1910.132,AS WELL AS TO PROVIDE OTHER HELPFUL INFORMATION.IT IS NOT INTENDED TO SUPERSEDE THE REQUIREMENTSOF THE STANDARD. EMPLOYERS SHOULD REVIEW THESTANDARD FOR PARTICULAR REQUIREMENTS WHICH AREAPPLICABLE TO THEIR SPECIFIC SITUATION.This Guide is intended to provide compliance assistance for employers and employees in implementing requirements for a hazard assessment and the selection of personal protective equipment.1. CONTROLLING HAZARDSPPE devices alone should not be relied on to provide protection against hazards, but should be used in conjunction with guards, engineering controls, and soundmanufacturing practices.2.ASSESSMENT AND SELECTIONIt is necessary to consider certain general guidelines for assessing the foot, head, eye and face, and hand hazard situations that exist in an occupational or educationaloperation or process, and to match the protective devices to the particular hazard. It should be the responsibility of the safety officer to exercise common sense andappropriate expertise to accomplish these tasks.3. ASSESSMENT GUIDELINESIn order to assess the need for PPE the following steps should be taken:a. SurveyConduct a walk-through survey of the areas in question. The purpose of the surveyis to identify sources of hazards to workers and co-workers. Consideration shouldbe given to the basic hazard categories:(1) Impact(2) Penetration(3) Compression (roll-over)(4) Chemical(5) Heat(6) Harmful dust(7) Light (optical) radiationb. SourcesDuring the walk-through survey the safety officer should observe:(1) sources of motion; i.e., machinery or processes where any movement of tools,machine elements or particles could exist, or movement of personnel thatcould result in collision with stationary objects;(2) sources of high temperatures that could result in burns, eye injury or ignition ofprotective equipment, etc.;(3) types of chemical exposures;(4) sources of harmful dust;(5) sources of light radiation, i.e., welding, brazing, cutting, furnaces, heat treating,high intensity lights, etc.;(6) sources of falling objects or potential for dropping objects;(7) sources of sharp objects which might pierce the feet or cut the hands;(8) sources of rolling or pinching objects which could crush the feet;(9) layout of workplace and location of co-workers; and(10) any electrical hazards. In addition, injury/accident data should be reviewed tohelp identify problem areas.anize dataFollowing the walk-through survey, it is necessary to organize the data andinformation for use in the assessment of hazards. The objective is to prepare for an analysis of the hazards in the environment to enable proper selection ofprotective equipment.d.Analyze dataHaving gathered and organized data on a workplace, an estimate of the potential for injuries should be made. Each of the basic hazards (paragraph 3.a.) should be reviewed and a determination made as to the type, level of risk, and seriousness of potential injury from each of the hazards found in the area. The possibility ofexposure to several hazards simultaneously should be considered.4. SELECTION GUIDELINESAfter completion of the procedures in paragraph 3, the general procedure forselection of protective equipment is to:a. Become familiar with the potential hazards and the type of protective equipmentthat is available, and what it can do; i.e., splash protection, impact protection, etc.;b. Compare the hazards associated with the environment; i.e., impact velocities,masses, projectile shape, radiation intensities, with the capabilities of theavailable protective equipment;c. Select the protective equipment which ensures a level of protection greater thanthe minimum required to protect employees from the hazards; andd. Fit the user with the protective device and give instructions on care and use of thePPE. It is very important that end users be made aware of all warning labels forand limitations of their PPE.5. FITTING THE DEVICECareful consideration must be given to comfort and fit. PPE that fits poorly will not afford the necessary protection. Continued wearing of the device is more likely if it fits the wearer comfortably. Protective devices are generally available in a variety of sizes.Care should be taken to ensure that the right size is selected.6. DEVICES WITH ADJUSTABLE FEATURESAdjustments should be made on an individual basis for a comfortable fit that will maintain the protective device in the proper position. Particular care should be taken in fitting devices for eye protection against dust and chemical splash to ensure that the devices are sealed to the face. In addition, proper fitting of helmets is important to ensure that it will not fall off during work operations. In some cases a chin strap may be necessary to keep the helmet on an employee's head. (Chin straps should break at a reasonably low force, however, so as to prevent a strangulation hazard). Where manufacturer's instructions are available, they should be followed carefully.7. REASSESSMENT OF HAZARDSIt is the responsibility of the safety officer to reassess the workplace hazard situation as necessary, by identifying and evaluating new equipment and processes, reviewing accident records, and reevaluating the suitability of previously selected PPE.8. SELECTION CHART GUIDELINES FOR EYE AND FACE PROTECTIONSome occupations (not a complete list) for which eye protection should be routinely considered are: carpenters, electricians, machinists, mechanics and repairers,millwrights, plumbers and pipe fitters, sheet metal workers and tinsmiths, assemblers, sanders, grinding machine operators, lathe and milling machine operators, sawyers, welders, laborers, chemical process operators and handlers, and timber cutting and logging workers. The following chart provides general guidance for the properselection of eye and face protection to protect against hazards associated with the listed hazard "source" operations.9. SELECTION GUIDELINES FOR HEAD PROTECTIONAll head protection (helmets) is designed to provide protection from impact andpenetration hazards caused by falling objects. Head protection is also available which provides protection from electric shock and burn. When selecting head protection, knowledge of potential electrical hazards is important. Class A helmets, in addition to impact and penetration resistance, provide electrical protection from low-voltage conductors (they are proof tested to 2,200 volts). Class B helmets, in addition to impact and penetration resistance, provide electrical protection from high-voltage conductors (they are proof tested to 20,000 volts). Class C helmets provide impact and penetration resistance (they are usually made of aluminum which conductselectricity), and should not be used around electrical hazards. Where falling object hazards are present, helmets must be worn. Some examples include: working below other workers who are using tools and materials which could fall; working around or under conveyor belts which are carrying parts or materials; working below machinery or processes which might cause material or objects to fall; and working on exposed energized conductors. Some examples of occupations for which head protection should be routinely considered are: carpenters, electricians, linemen, mechanics and repairers, plumbers and pipe fitters, assemblers, packers, wrappers, sawyers,welders, laborers, freight handlers, timber cutting and logging, stock handlers, and warehouse laborers.10. SELECTION GUIDELINES FOR FOOT PROTECTIONSafety shoes and boots which meet the ANSI Z41-1991 Standard provide bothimpact and compression protection. Where necessary, safety shoes can be obtained which provide puncture protection. In some work situations, metatarsal protectionshould be provided, and in other special situations electrical conductive or insulating safety shoes would be appropriate. Safety shoes or boots with impact protection would be required for carrying or handling materials such as packages, objects, parts or heavy tools, which could be dropped; and, for other activities where objects might fall onto the feet. Safety shoes or boots with compression protection would berequired for work activities involving skid trucks (manual material handling carts) around bulk rolls (such as paper rolls) and around heavy pipes, all of which could potentially roll over an employee's feet. Safety shoes or boots with puncture protection would be required where sharp objects such as nails, wire, tacks, screws, largestaples, scrap metal etc., could be stepped on by employees causing a foot injury.Some occupations (not a complete list) for which foot protection should be routinely considered are: shipping and receiving clerks, stock clerks, carpenters, electricians, machinists, mechanics and repairers, plumbers and pipe fitters, structural metalworkers, assemblers, drywall installers and lathers, packers, wrappers, craters,punch and stamping press operators, sawyers, welders, laborers, freight handlers, gardeners and grounds-keepers, timber cutting and logging workers, stock handlers and warehouse laborers.11. SELECTION GUIDELINES FOR HAND PROTECTIONGloves are often relied upon to prevent cuts, abrasions, burns, and skin contact with chemicals that are capable of causing local or systemic effects following dermal exposure. OSHA is unaware of any gloves that provide protection against all potential hand hazards, and commonly available glove materials provide only limited protection against many chemicals. Therefore, it is important to select the most appropriate glove for a particular application and to determine how long it can be worn, andwhether it can be reused. It is also important to know the performance characteristics of gloves relative to the specific hazard anticipated; e.g., chemical hazards, cuthazards, flame hazards, etc. These performance characteristics should be assessed by using standard test procedures. Before purchasing gloves, the employer should request documentation from the manufacturer that the gloves meet the appropriate test standard(s) for the hazard(s) anticipated. Other factors to be considered for glove selection in general include:(A) As long as the performance characteristics are acceptable, in certaincircumstances, it may be more cost effective to regularly change cheapergloves than to reuse more expensive types; and,(B) The work activities of the employee should be studied to determine the degree ofdexterity required, the duration, frequency, and degree of exposure of thehazard, and the physical stresses that will be applied. With respect to selectionof gloves for protection against chemical hazards:(A) The toxic properties of the chemical(s) must be determined; in particular, theability of the chemical to cause local effects on the skin and/or to pass throughthe skin and cause systemic effects;(B) Generally, any "chemical resistant" glove can be used for dry powders;(C ) For mixtures and formulated products (unless specific test data are available),a glove should be selected on the basis of the chemical component with theshortest breakthrough time, since it is possible for solvents to carry activeingredients through polymeric materials; and,(D) Employees must be able to remove the gloves in such a manner as to prevent skincontamination.12. CLEANING AND MAINTENANCEIt is important that all PPE be kept clean and properly maintained. Cleaning is particularly important for eye and face protection where dirty or fogged lenses could impair vision. For the purposes of compliance with 1910.132 (a) and (b), PPE should be inspected, cleaned, and maintained at regular intervals so that the PPE provides the requisite protection. It is also important to ensure that contaminated PPE which cannot be decontaminated is disposed of in a manner that protects employees from exposure to hazards.。
安全性描述
If swallowed, seek medical advice immediately and show this container or label.
食入时，立即求医并出示容器/标签；
S47
Keep at temperature not exceeding ... degr. C (to be specified by the manufacturer).
S3/9
Keep in a cool, well-ventilated place.
保存在阴凉、通风良好场所；
S3/9/14
Keep in a cool, well-ventilated place away from ... (incompatible material to be indicated by the manufacturer)
S3/9/49
Keep only in the original container in a cool, well-ventilated place.
保存在原始容器中，放在阴凉、通风良好场所；
S4
Keep away from living quarters.
远离生活区；
S5
Keep contents under ... (appropriate liquid to be specified by the manufacturer).
S21
When using do not smoke.
使用时，禁止吸烟；
S22
Do not breathe dust.
不要吸入粉尘；
S23
Do not breathe gas/fumes/vapour/spray.
爱眼护眼的英语作文80词
爱眼护眼的英语作文80词英文回答：How to Protect Your Eyesight.Protecting your eyesight is important for maintaining good vision and overall eye health. Here are some tips to help you keep your eyes healthy:Get regular eye exams. This is the best way to detect and treat eye problems early on.Wear sunglasses when outdoors. UV rays from the sun can damage the eyes, so it's important to wear sunglasses that block out 100% of UV rays.Use artificial tears. If you have dry eyes, using artificial tears can help to keep them moist and comfortable.Eat a healthy diet. Eating foods that are rich in vitamins A, C, and E can help to protect the eyes from damage.Get enough sleep. When you don't get enough sleep, your eyes can become dry and irritated.Limit screen time. Spending too much time looking at screens can strain the eyes.Take breaks from work. If you work at a computer all day, be sure to take breaks every 20-30 minutes to give your eyes a rest.Follow the 20-20-20 rule. Every 20 minutes, look away from your screen and focus on something 20 feet away for 20 seconds.中文回答：爱眼护眼的方法。
203 - Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) 个体防护
OR-OSHA 203 Personal Protective Equipment 2
This material is for training use only
Employers must protect employees from hazards in the following categories:
2. Organize and analyze data. From the data gathered during the survey, estimate the potential for foot, head, eye and face injuries.
3. Select Personal Protection Equipment. Select PPE which ensures a level of protection greater than the minimum required to protect employees from the hazards.
1. Processes 2. Environment 3. Chemicals 4. Radiological - radiation 5. Mechanical irritants 6. Causes of injury or impairment
1910.132(b) Employee-owned PPE
Protective devices do not provide unlimited protection.
1. Conduct a workplace survey. Conduct a walk-through survey to identify sources of hazards to feet, head, eyes and face of workers. Reassess whenever a new hazard is introduced into the workplace.
安全守则-英文
Safe Personal Laboratory Habits1. Eye protection must be worn at all times.2. Food/drink is not allowed in laboratories where chemicals are used/ stored.smoking in the laboratory.3. No4. Lab coats must be worn while handling corrosive, toxic, or flammablematerials. Gloves must be worn when necessary, especially when handling corrosives, toxic and dangerously reactive materials.5. Do not work alone.6. Do not mouth pipet.7. If you see a colleague doing something dangerous, point it out to him or her.8. Know where safety equipment (eyewash, shower and extinguisher) islocated.9. Always read MSDS before handling new chemicals.10. Know how to clean up spills of common chemicals and specific chemicalsyou see. Be familiar with the locations and contents of spill carts (See Chapter 11) and how to use it.11. Always wash your hands after handling chemicals and before eating.12. Short skirts, shorts, and open shoes must not be worn.13. Lab coats must not be worn outside laboratories and in public areas.14. Avoid wearing a walkman or other portable music devices while working inthe lab.1. Eye ProtectionAdequate eye protection is required for all individuals in the laboratory. Do not remove your eye protection until you have physically left the lab room. The following types of eye protection are acceptable.•Protective glasses and face shields that cover corrective prescription lenses are commercially available and/or from Chemistry Stores.•Normal prescription eyeglasses, either with or without safety side shields as long as the glasses are shatterproof and cover a large enough area surrounding your eye (this usually means that the frames must be a minimum of 2 inches (5 cm) from top to bottom as well as from side to side). NOTE: check size restrictions with your supervisor/instructor. Use safety glasses with side shields that have been approved by the CSA.•Where exposure to toxic or irritating fumes could be a problem, the best form of eye protection is safety goggles. Safety goggles that will form a tight seal to your face.•Contact lenses can be a hazard and sometimes should not be worn in the lab.Therefore contact lenses wearers have three options in the labs:a) remove the contact lens before entering the lab and wear safety glassesor safety goggles.b) replace the contact lens with prescription glassesc) wear the contact lens into the lab under a pair of safety goggles but youmust inform your supervisor/ instructor about it.• A full-face shield is highly recommended when there is a risk of explosion or splashing, or with combustion and high temperature reactions.2. GlovesDepending on the procedure to be carried out, different types of gloves must be available in the laboratory. The gloves should “fit” the chemical. Asbestos gloves should not be used. If any are found, they should be replaced.•Gloves are made from a variety of materials which vary in their impermeability and wear-resistance.•Disposable gloves are made of PVC, latex, nitrile, and combinations of the aforementioned. These gloves are for general use and have low abrasion resistance.•More resistant, impermeable, reusable gloves are made from butyl rubber, nitrile, or neoprene.•Rubber: good chemical resistance, low abrasion resistance;•Neoprene: almost impermeable to regular solvents, fairly abrasion resistant;•Nitrile: highly resistant, maximum protection from liquids.•Multicomposite gloves are available for special work involving high or low temperatures or special procedures.•For more information on gloves resistance see the glove chart./~mouser/General/labzone/130AL/ndex/ndex2.html3. Lab aprons or lab coatsThe strength and impermeability of aprons depends on the materials used. These materials are also used for gloves, and their characteristics are described in 2.•Aprons should be fire-resistant, chemical-resistant, and easily washed.•Flammable fabrics should be avoided.Lab coats should be made of strong fabric and must be able to be removed quickly in case of accident. They must be long enough to protect the legs. Lab coats exposed to harmful chemicals should not be worn in public areas.4. Footwear•Substantial shoes must be worn and should cover the entire foot.•Open-toed shoes and sandals must not be worn in the laboratory.•Safety shoes or foot guards may be required under certain circumstances (e.g., when moving compressed gas cylinders – foot guards are available in cylinder storage area).•When cleaning up floor spills wear plastic foot covers available on all spill carts.5. RespiratorsRespirators used at the University of British Columbia must provide effective protection against airborne contaminants which may be present. Use of respirators should be considered to control exposure only after engineering and administrative controls have been considered. These types of controls include ventilation (e.g. fume hoods), enclosing the process, substitution of less hazardous products, rescheduling of work procedures, etc. Users are responsible for:1. Obtaining proper certification for respirator use by H.S.&E.2. Using the respirator in accordance with training instructions3. Being properly fit-tested for a respiratorand storing the respiratordisinfecting,4. Cleaning,5. Reporting any respirator malfunction to their supervisorThe following cartridges are available for use with half-mask and full-face respirators. Select the appropriate cartridge according to the chart below. Consult with H.S.&E. for situations not listed. Always ensure that the cartridges used are appropriate for the types of hazardous vapour present.Cartridge Type Colour Examples of Uses Organic vapour and acid gas Yellow Rooftop entry/lab procedures/spills Organic vapour only Black Solvents/PaintsDusts, particulate, and aerosols Purple Toxic dusts/infectiousaerosols/asbestos welding fumes Ammonia/amines Green Ammonia SpillAcid Gas Grey Acid gases/chlorine/sulfur dioxidePERSONNEL MUST BE CERTIFIED BY HS&E PRIOR TO RESPIRATOR USE. When fitting a new respirator, try on several brands and sizes. Different brands will fit slightly differently on your face. Respirator manufacturers usually have small, medium, and large face-pieces available. Adjust the straps so that the respirator fits tightly, but does not dig into your face or leave red marks on your skin. The respirator should feel snug, yet comfortable.1. Remove respirator, cartridges, and filters from plastic bags.Check to see that gasket is in cartridge holder before screwing incartridges. Insert filter into retainer caps and snap onto cartridgeholder or cartridges.2. The cartridge holders are keyed to assure their correctpositioning and maintain the proper balance of the device. Makesure they are properly positioned and seated.3. Place respirator on face with narrow end over nose and bottomunder chin. First attach top headband around crown of headand then bottom around neck. Adjust headbands until a tight butcomfortable fit is obtained.4. TEST FOR TIGHTNESS: Place the palm of the hand or thumbover the valve guard and press lightly. Exhale to cause a slightpressure inside face piece. If no air escapes, respirator isproperly fitted. If air escapes, readjust respirator and test again.There are two simple checks to test the seal. These are calledthe positive and negative pressure fit-checks. These tests mustbe done EVERY TIME the respirator is put on (see overleaf).5. FILTERS: (a) REPLACE when breathing becomes difficult, INSERT new filtersINTO retainer cap and replace cap. Generally the filter discs should be changed after eight hours of dusty exposure. (b) CHEMICAL CARTRIDGES should be replaced when the senses detect ANY abnormal condition, assuming that levels of detection by the senses do not constitute a health hazard.6. MAINTENANCE: The respirator face piece should be cleaned daily to preventskin irritation and for general sanitary purposes. First remove filters and cartridges. Then the face piece may be washed with a hand brush using a good detergent in warm water, rinsing, and air drying in a clean place. Some compounds considered to be suitable for disinfecting are: (1) a hypochlorite solution (50 parts per million of chlorine; immersion time: 2 minutes) (2) an aqueous solution of iodine (50 ppm iodine; immersion time: 2 minutes) (3) a quaternary ammonium solution (200 ppm quaternary ammonium compoundsin water with less than 500 ppm total hardness). RINSE IN CLEAN WARM WATER AND AIR DRY. Inspect respirator daily for worn or faulty parts and replace these at once. Proper parts supplied by the manufacturer must be used.7. For your protection, the DUST FILTERS and CHEMICAL CARTRIDGES mustbe assembled tightly, and changed frequently, according to exposure.8. KEEP RESPIRATOR CLEAN when not in use. Store in containerprovided.a) Put the respirator on and tighten the straps until it feels tight but comfortable.b) Close off the cartridges by covering them gently with the palm of hands, plasticbags, or gloves.c) Breathe in slightly to create a vacuum.d) Hold for 10 seconds.e) If you have a good seal, the face piece should collapse slightly against yourface and stay collapsed. No air should leak into the face piece past the sides, top, or bottom.f) If the face piece doesn’t collapse and stay collapsed, there is an air leak.Check the exhalation valves and try repositioning the respirator on your face and adjusting the head straps. Try the negative pressure check again. If you cannot get a seal after a few attempts, try on another size, make, or model of respirator, and repeat the check until you find a respirator that will pass.a) With the respirator on comfortably, close off the exhaust valve opening bycovering it with the palm of the hand.b) Breathe out slightly to force air into the face piecec) Hold for 10 seconds.d) If you have a good seal, the face piece should bulge out and stay out.e) If the air does leak out, check the inhalation valves, readjust the respirator andtry the check again. Try on another size, make or model if you fail to pass the positive pressure fit-check.1.TOXIC SUBSTANCESAny volatile substances which are dangerous when inhaled must be handled only in an adequately ventilated area or in a fume hood.a) BenzeneBenzene is particularly dangerous since it causes blood diseases.•Avoid using it as a solvent. Chronic poisoning is possible following prolonged inhalation of minute quantities of benzene.•Avoid skin contact.•It is a known carcinogen.b) Carbon tetrachloride and chloroformCarbon tetrachloride and chloroform have specific dangers:•They can be absorbed through the skin.•These substances can eventually cause functional disorders of the kidney and the liver even at low concentrations.•They are suspected carcinogens.c) Cyanides and NitrilesCyanides and Nitriles are some of the most acutely toxic substances known;they react very quickly “in vivo” when they are present in the ambient environment.•Symptoms of poisoning (weakness, difficulty in breathing, nausea) appear as soon as these substances have been absorbed, inhaled, or ingested.•Contact with acid liberates a highly toxic gas. The inhalation of a very minute amount of hydrogen cyanide (HCN) can be fatal.d) PhenolsSolutions of phenols are very dangerous.•Phenols are absorbed rapidly through the skin during contact.•If rapid and complete decontamination is not effected immediately, serious poisoning and even death could occur, depending on the concentration ofthe solvent and the amount of body surface that is contaminated.e) Hydrogen fluorideHydrogen fluoride is extremely corrosive. Due to the absence of immediate pain, penetration can be extensive and lead to serious injury. It can cause severe eye irritation and skin burns.f) Hydrogen sulfideHydrogen sulfide is very toxic. Inhalation causes respiratory paralysis. It can also damage the eyes and mucous membranes.•Small cylinders of it are commercially available for laboratory use.•CAUTION: The gas can be easily synthesized by action of dilute acids on sulfides•Waste gas should be passed through scrubbers before venting.2.DANGEROUS SUBSTANCESa) Perchloric acidPerchloric acid is a strong oxidizing agent capable of reacting violently with reducing agents or organic substances.•Handle it in a specially-constructed fume hood used only for this purpose.This hood should be of the water wash-down type and of non-combustible construction.•Always destroy any organic material with nitric acid before adding perchloric acid•Never mix perchloric acid with sulfuric acid because through dehydration, anhydrous perchloric acid is obtained, which is even more unstable.•Perchlorate esters, when exposed to impact, behave in the same manner as nitroglycerine.b) Organic PeroxidesSome organic peroxides are very unstable and very dangerous. Due to their high sensitivity to heat, friction, impact, sparks, light, and oxidizing and reducing agents, they can cause violent explosions.To minimize the risks of such peroxides, the following precautions must be taken:•Buy only the necessary quantities of peroxides needed.•Use only the minimum amount necessary. Never replace unused peroxide in the original container.•Immediately clean up spilled peroxide.•Reduce the sensitivity of most peroxides to impact and to heat by using them in inert solvents such as aliphatic hydrocarbons.•If a volatile solvent must be used, avoid losses due to evaporation which could increase the peroxide concentration, eventually causing the formation of dangerously explosive crystals upon complete evaporation of the solvent.•Never use a metal spatula to handle peroxides because contamination by metals can lead to the formation of explosive compounds. Use wood, ceramic, or plastic spatulas.•Avoid flames, sources of heat, and direct sunlight.•Avoid friction or impact with solid peroxides. Never use glass containers with ground glass or metal tops. Use only polyethylene bottles with screw tops.•Store peroxides at as low a temperature as possible above the freezing point, so as to minimize the rate of decomposition.•Do not cool liquid peroxides, or those in solution, to temperatures where they could solidify or precipitate because in this form they are extremely sensitive to impact and to heat.3.CARCINOGENSCarcinogens and substances capable of inducing cancer. These substances must be subject to strict guidelines such as those published by the International Agency for Research on Cancer when they are stored, used, and disposed of.•Avoid exposure.•Where exposure is unavoidable, keep it as low as reasonably achievable.•The list of known carcinogens is continually updated. (See next page for some examples of carcinogens).4.MUTAGENS AND TERATOGENSMutagens are substances causing permanent transmissible alterations in genetic information. Teratogens are agents interfering with normal prenatal development causing abnormalities in the fetus. Exposure to mutagens and teratogens should be kept as low as possible. (See following pages for some examples of mutagens and teratogens).CAUTION: This is NOT a complete list of all chemicals having substantial evidence of carcinogenicity. Further, each substance listed here may have additional health hazards.CARCINOGENS MUST BE DISTINCTLY LABELLEDa) KNOWN HUMAN CARCINOGENS•4-Aminobiphenyl (xenylamine, p-phenylaniline)• Arsenic• Arsenic Pentoxide• Arsenic Trichloride• Asbestos• Arsenic Trioxide• Benzene•Benzidine (4,4’-diaminobiphenyl, 4,4’-biphenyldiamine)•Benzo(a)pyrene (3,4-benzpyrene)• Bis(chrloromethyl)ether• 1,4-Butanediol dimethylsulfonate•Calcium arsenate (tricalcium arsenate)•Chloromethyl methyl ether (chloromethyloxymethane)•Chromates (certain insoluble forms such as lead and zinc chromates)•Coal tar pitch volatiles•Cyclophosphamide (N,N-bis (2-chloroethyl) tetrahydro – 2H-1,3,2 –oxazaphosphorin-2-amine-2-oxide)• Lead Arsenate• 2-Napthylamine (2-aminonapthylamine)•N, N-bis (2-chloroethyl)-2- napthylamine• 4-Nitrobiphenyl (p-nitrobiphenyl)• Sodium Arsenate• Sodium Arsenite• Thorium dioxide•Treosulfan (pure product)•Vinyl chloride (chloroethane, chloroethylene)Please Note: These are ALARA substances which means that the contamination concentration of these chemicals must be as low as reasonably achievable.CAUTION: This is NOT a complete list of all chemicals having substantial evidence of carcinogenicity. Further, each substance listed here may have additional health hazards.CARCINOGENS MUST BE DISTINCTLY LABELLED• Acrylamide(propenamide, acrylic amide)•Acrylonitrile (propene nitrile, cyanoethylene, vinyl cyanide)• 1,3-Butadiene (vinylethylene)• Cadmium powder• Cadmium Chloride• Cadmium Sulfate• Beryllium• Carbon tetrachloride(tetrachloromethane)• Chloroform (trichloromethane)•Dimethyl sulfate (sulfuric acid dimethyl ester)•Ethylene dibromide (1,2-dibromoethane), ethylene oxide(1,2 epoxyethane oxirane)• Formaldehyde (methanal,oxomethane)• Hexachlorobutadiene• * Hexamethylphosphoramide (HMPA)(hexamethylphosphoric triamide)• Hydrazine (diamine)• Lead acetate• Lead phosphate• Lead subacetate• Methylhydrazine•Methyl iodide (iodomethane)• Nickel• Nickel carbonate• Nickel carbonyl• Nickel oxide• Nickel hydroxide • Nickel subsulfide• 2-Nitropropane• Phenyl hydrazine• beta-Propiolactone (2-oxetanone, 3-hydroxy-beta-lactone propanoicacid)• Propyleneimine(2 -methylazacyclopropane, or2-methylaziridine)•o-Toluidine (2-methylaniline, or o-aminotoluene)• p-Toluidine (4-aminotoluene)•Vinyl bromide (bromoethylene)•Production of SbO3, AsO3, CdO* HMPA is apparently a particularly nasty carcinogen which is used in several labs throughout the Department of Chemistry. Users should be aware of its extreme toxicity, its ability to be absorbed though the skin, and the dangers of inhalation during distillation procedures. Precautions should include: use restricted to fume hoods, all contaminated vessels labelled “carcinogen”, use of two pairs of gloves, and the transfer of waste directly into the waste solvent containers or a separate correctly labelled vessel. There are at least two alternative solvents, 1,3-Dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone (DMEU) and 1,3-Dimethyl-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2(1H) pyrimidinone (DMPU) which are considered safe.CAUTION: This is NOT a complete list of all chemicals having substantial evidence of mutagenicity or teratogenicity. The extent of the hazard to humans associated with exposure to these substances is less clear than it is with carcinogens. However, it is recommended that similar caution should be exercised in handling substances which are mutagenic or teratogenic.• Acetamide• Acridine Orange• Ammonium Chromate• Ammonium Bichromate• Ammonium Dichromate• Anthracene• Antimony Oxide• Beryllium Carbonate• Cobalt Powder• Colchicine• 1,2-Dichloroethane (Ethylene Dichloride)• Formaldehyde• Formamide• Hydroquinone• Indigo Carmine• Lead Diacetate • Mercury• Osmium Tetraoxide• Potassium Chromate• Potassium Permanganate • Pyrogallic Acid• Silver(I) Nitrate• Sodium Azide• Sodium Dichromate• Sodium Nitrate• Sodium Nitrite• Thioacetamide• Toluene•Urethane (Ethyl Carbamate)UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIAPOLICIES AND PROCEDURESU.B.C. POLICY ON HAZARDOUS MATERIALS MANAGEMENT RESPONSIBLE:Vice President Academic & ProvostVice President Administration & FinanceVice President ResearchPURPOSE:As a large teaching and research institution, UBC faces problems that are unique and varied about the acquisition, handling, storage, transportation, and disposal of chemical and biological/human/animal materials and wastes resulting from its teaching, research and operations. This policy has several purposes:•To set out University requirements for proper disposal of hazardous and special wastes•To ensure worker protection•To reduce the amount of dangerous substances used in University activities •To raise awareness and increase knowledge of all members of the University community about problems of handling, storage, transportation and disposal of hazardous materials and waste•To establish good laboratory practices that teach and practise safe handling, storage, transportation and disposal of special wastes•To ensure compliance with applicable legislation.POLICY:All chemical and biological materials considered hazardous unless specifically excluded from Schedule 7 of the Transportation of Dangerous Goods Act. Materials classified as special wastes must be disposed of in a safe manner in compliance with the Special Waste Regulations of the Waste Management Act, and in consultation with the UBC Environment Services Facility. As all of UBC is considered one site, the rules for handling hazardous materials apply equally to small quantities as they do to large quantities. Each member of the University community who uses or has responsibility for hazardous materials must handle, store, transport and dispose of this material in a manner that harms neither the environment nor living beings, and that meets or exceeds legal requirements.Procedures are established for standard methods of handling chemicals, and biological/human/animal materials in all UBC activities. It is the responsibility of the Administrative Heads of Unit, Principal Investigators and Supervisors to ensure that appropriate training is given and documented to all students and staff who come into contact with these materials.Each member who comes into contact with or uses hazardous materials in their study must first become familiar with the hazards associated with the material and the appropriate method for handling, storage, transportation, and disposal. Up-to-date training records are to be maintained.Individual members are expected to conduct themselves and supervise others with the greatest of care, and, if established procedures for the circumstances do not exist, are responsible for seeking guidance from the appropriate source before ordering, handling, sorting, or disposing of materials that could be hazardous to the environment or to living beings. In accordance with Section 122 of the Canadian Environmental Protection Act:“Where a corporation commits an offence under this Act, anyofficer, director or agent of the corporation, who directed,authorized or assented to or acquiesced to or participated in thecommission of the offence is a party to and guilty of the offence,and is liable to punishment provided for the offence, whether or notthe corporation has been prosecuted or convicted.”Consideration should be given to substituting less harmful materials for those that are known to be hazardous at the time of acquisition. Hazardous materials should be purchased in quantities small enough that they do not have to be stored at UBC over long periods.In physical planning for the future research, teaching and operational needs of the University, design elements to address special waste flows should be included to address handling, storage, transportation, emissions, and disposal.PROCEDURES:The number and variety of possibly hazardous materials at UBC are large. Some are created as the result of experimentation. For this reason, the procedures under this policy are meant to provide guidance via illustration and example to individuals at UBC about such areas as chemical, biological, human, and animal materials. For radioisotopes, please see Policy # 11. For pesticides, Please see Policy #12 (http://www.policy.ubc.ca). Individuals unsure about whether a substance (such as paint, oil, pharmaceutical, battery) is hazardous, or about the appropriate steps to take, should contact the UBC expert listed in the procedures below.Laws and regulations governing chemical, human, and biological materials acquisition, handling, storage, and disposalLaws and regulations governing biological materials acquisition, handling, storage transportation and disposal include, but are not limited to:•Canadian Environmental Protection Act•Transportation of Dangerous Goods Act•Provincial Waste Management Act including the Special Waste Regulations and Spill Reporting Regulation•Greater Vancouver Regional District Bylaws, in particular Sewer Use Bylaw # 164 and # 167, Air Quality Management Bylaw # 603 and # 725 and Municipal Solid Waste and Recyclable Material Bylaw # 181 and # 183.•Workers’ Compensation Board Industrial Health and Safety Regulations• WHMIS•Laboratory Biosafety Guidelines for Health Canada•Health Canada, Narcotics/Controlled Products Act for pharmaceuticals •Containment Standards for Veterinary FacilitiesChemical MaterialsThe Chemical Safety Officer develops generic procedures for handling chemicals, which are distributed to all labs. For chemicals unique to a particular laboratory, the principal investigator must develop written procedures, to be vetted by the Health, Safety & Environment Department. Each department or unit using chemical materials must develop or adopt procedures that include:•Acquiring minimum quantities only•Safe and secure storage•Removing out-of-date materials from inventory•Inspection of time sensitive materials•Appropriate labeling consistent with WHMIS requirements•An annual inventory of materials•Training of faculty, staff and students•Proper use of personal protective equipment, emergency spills, and decontamination procedures•Compliance with University (or host institution) procedures for disposalHuman, Animal and Biological MaterialsThe Biosafety Officer develops procedures for handling materials that are used in more than one laboratory. Written procedures are issued to all labs. For materials unique to a particular laboratory, the principle investigator using human, animal, or biological materials must develop written procedures, to be vetted by the biosafety Officer, that deal with regulated medical waste. Regulated medical waste includes, but is not limited to, the following categories:Human and Biological Materials Continued…•Cultures and stocks of infectious agents, and any materials contaminated witha potentially infectious agent, including, culture dishes and devices used totransfer, inoculate and mix cultures•Any human pathological wastes, including waste human blood or blood products generated in medical or research procedures, and other potentially infectious materials, items contaminated with these materials, and any containers that held these potentially infectious materials•Any animal specimens, carcasses or tissues•Any biological material contaminated with an infectious agent• DNA• Vaccines, pharmaceuticals•Wastes from medical or research procedure that were in contact with infectious agents, including slides and cover slips, disposable gloves, and protective equipment.•Sharps: used or new hypodermic needles and syringes (with or without needle attached), scalpels and razor blades. Also, Pasteur pipettes and broken glassware, when contaminated with an infectious agent•Mixed Waste: Biological specimens or material treated with or preserved in chemicals including alcohol or formaldehyde are considered mixed waste (regulated medical waste and hazardous chemical waste)•Bedding for animals•Other regulated medical waste solids must be placed in secure, leak-proof packaging and stored in such a manner that will prevent decomposition or deterioration during storageIt is the responsibility of each generator to set up a work system prior to generating medical wastes. Principal investigators, area supervisors, or other employees generating regulated medical waste materials are responsible for compliance with applicable regulations and disposal program requirements. Consult the Biosafety Officer for more information.Each department or unit using human, animal, or biological materials must develop procedures that include:•Acquiring minimum quantity control•Safe and secure storage•Appropriate labeling and an annual inventory of materials•Training of faculty, staff and students•Proper use of personal protective equipment, emergency, spill and decontamination procedures•Compliance with University (or host institution) procedures for disposal.。
劳动防护用品的英文缩写
劳动防护用品的英文缩写PPE is the common abbreviation for Personal Protective Equipment, which refers to protective clothing, helmets, goggles, or other garments or equipment designed to protect the wearer's body from injury or infection. PPE is commonly used in various industries and professions where workers are exposed to hazardous materials, chemicals, or physical risks. Here is a list of commonly used PPE and their English abbreviations:1. Head Protection:- Hard Hats (HH)- Safety Helmets (SH)- Bump Caps (BC)- Hair Nets (HN)2. Eye and Face Protection:- Safety Glasses (SG)- Safety Goggles (SGO)- Face Shields (FS)- Welding Shields (WS)3. Hearing Protection:- Earplugs (EP)- Earmuffs (EM)- Noise-canceling Headphones (NCH)4. Respiratory Protection:- Disposable Masks (DM)- N95 Respirators (N95R)- Powered Air Purifying Respirators (PAPR)- Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) 5. Hand Protection:- Disposable Gloves (DG)- Nitrile Gloves (NG)- Latex Gloves (LG)- Leather Gloves (LeG)6. Foot Protection:- Safety Shoes or Boots (SSB)- Steel Toe Boots (STB)- Composite Toe Boots (CTB)- Metatarsal Guard Boots (MGB)7. Body Protection:- Flame-resistant Clothing (FRC)- High-visibility Clothing (HVC)- Chemical Protective Suits (CPS)- Aprons (AP)8. Fall Protection:- Safety Harnesses (SH)- Safety Lanyards (SL)- Fall Arrest Systems (FAS)- Anchorage Connectors (AC)9. Environmental Protection:- Hazmat Suits (HS)- Raincoats (RC)- Sunscreen (SS)- Reflective Vest (RV)10. Electrical Protection:- Insulating Gloves (IG)- Arc Flash Suits (AFS)- Grounding Equipment (GE)- Voltage Detectors (VD)It is important to note that the abbreviations mentioned above may vary depending on the specific industry or region. The listed abbreviations are commonly used but not exhaustive. The use of appropriate PPE is crucial in ensuring the safety and well-being of workers in various occupations.。
ISO 19734《眼面部防护——选择、使用和维护指南》进展
Research on Standardization标准化研究ISO19734《眼面部防护——选择、使用和维护指南》进展卫科1郭娅2(1绵阳市产品质量监督检验所四川绵阳621000 ;2中国标准化研究院北京100191 )【摘要】ISO 19734 Eye and face protection —Guidance on selection,use and maintenance (眼面部防护一选择，使 用和维护指南）国际标准委员会草案（C D)已通过投票，旨在为如何选择、使用和维护眼面部防护具提供指导。
无 论是工业眼面部防护，还是民用防护，其受益对象都是每一个独立的个体劳动者或消费者，直接涉及劳动者和消费者 的身心健康。
【关键词】个体防护装备眼面部防护Progress in International Standards of "Eye and Face Protection ------Guide to Selection, Use and Maintenance"Wei Ke1Guo Ya2(1.Mianyang product quality supervision and Inspection Institute,Sichuan Mianyang, 621000；2. ChinaStandardization Research Institute,Beijing ,100191)【Abstract】“ISO 19734 Eye and face protection - Guidance on selection, use and maintenance” Committee Draft has been voted on. This standard is designed to provide guidance on how to choose, use and maintain eye and face protection. Whether it is industrial eye and face protection or civilian protection, the beneficiaries are each independent individual worker or consumer, which directly affects the physical and mentsJ health of workers and consumers.【Key W0「dS 】personal protective equipment; eye and face protection0引言眼面部防护是个体防护装备（PPE)的一部分，旨在防止物理（如飞粒、灰尘、飞溅和熔融材料)、光学 (如太阳和人工辐射以及焊接和熔炉作业期间产生的 高强度辐射）产生有害影响，可能会对眼面部造成化 学（如受压材料、有害气体、蒸气和气溶胶）和生物 伤害。
关爱眼睛保护视力英语作文
关爱眼睛保护视力英语作文英文回答：Eye Care and Vision Protection.Vision is one of our most precious senses, allowing us to experience the world around us. However, our eyes are constantly exposed to a variety of factors that can damage them, leading to vision problems and even blindness.Causes of Eye Damage.Ultraviolet (UV) radiation: UV radiation from the sun can damage the cornea, lens, and retina, increasing the risk of cataracts, macular degeneration, and other eye conditions.Blue light: Blue light from electronic devices can cause digital eye strain, leading to symptoms such as eye fatigue, headaches, and difficulty focusing.Dry eye disease: Dry eye disease occurs when the eyes do not produce enough tears to keep them lubricated, leading to irritation, redness, and blurred vision.Eye trauma: Injuries to the eye, such as cuts, burns, or blows, can damage the cornea, lens, or retina.Age-related eye diseases: As we age, our eyes become more susceptible to certain diseases, such as cataracts, glaucoma, and macular degeneration.Protecting Our Vision.To protect our vision, it is important to adopt healthy eye care habits:Wear sunglasses: Sunglasses block UV radiation, protecting the eyes from sun damage. Choose sunglasses that offer 100% UV protection.Take breaks from screens: Limit screen time,especially on electronic devices that emit blue light. Use the 20-20-20 rule: every 20 minutes, look at something 20 feet away for 20 seconds.Use artificial tears: If you suffer from dry eye disease, use artificial tears to keep your eyes moist.Get regular eye exams: Regular eye exams can detect eye problems early on, allowing for prompt treatment and preserving vision.Eat a healthy diet: Eating a diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains provides antioxidants that support eye health.Quit smoking: Smoking damages the blood vessels in the retina, increasing the risk of vision problems.Conclusion.Protecting our vision is essential for maintaining a high quality of life. By adopting healthy eye care habits,we can reduce the risk of eye damage and preserve our precious sense of sight.中文回答：爱护眼睛，保护视力。
爱我们的眼睛,保护我们的视力英语作文
爱我们的眼睛,保护我们的视力英语作文Love Our Eyes, Protect Our VisionEyes are one of the most precious organs in our body, as they play a crucial role in helping us perceive the world around us. However, with the increase in screen time and exposure to harmful rays, our eyes are more vulnerable than ever before. It is essential to protect our eyes and take care of our vision in order to maintain good eye health.One of the simplest ways to protect our eyes is by wearing sunglasses when we are exposed to sunlight. UV rays can cause damage to our eyes and increase the risk of developing cataracts and macular degeneration. Therefore, it is important to wear sunglasses that block 100% of UVA and UVB rays whenever we are outside, especially during the peak hours of UV exposure.In addition to wearing sunglasses, it is crucial to take breaks from screens and avoid staring at screens for prolonged periods of time. The blue light emitted from screens can cause digital eye strain, leading to symptoms such as dry eyes, headaches, and blurred vision. To prevent this, it is recommended to follow the 20-20-20 rule – every 20 minutes, take a 20-second break to look at something 20 feet away.Furthermore, maintaining a healthy lifestyle can also contribute to protecting our vision. Eating a balanced diet rich in fruits and vegetables, particularly those high in antioxidants and vitamins A, C, and E, can help prevent eye diseases and maintain good eye health. Regular exercise and staying hydrated are also important factors in maintaining optimal eye health.Moreover, it is essential to schedule regular eye exams with an optometrist to monitor our eye health and detect any potential issues early on. Many eye diseases, such as glaucoma and diabetic retinopathy, do not show symptoms in the early stages, making regular eye exams crucial in preventing vision loss.In conclusion, our eyes are precious and irreplaceable, and it is important to take proactive steps to protect our vision. By wearing sunglasses, taking breaks from screens, maintaining a healthy lifestyle, and scheduling regular eye exams, we can ensure that our eyes remain healthy and our vision remains sharp for years to come. Let us all remember to love our eyes and take care of them, as they are our windows to the world.。
注意保护眼睛的英文
注意保护眼睛的英文1标题：注意保护眼睛（Take Care of Your Eyes）Eyes are one of the most important organs in our body, allowing us to see and interpret the world around us. However, many people often take their eyes for granted and do not take proper care of them. Here are some tips to help you protect your eyes and maintain good eye health:1. Wear sunglasses: When you go outside, especially in bright sunlight, wear a pair of sunglasses to protect your eyes from harmful UV rays. Choose sunglasses that block 100% of UVA and UVB rays.2. Avoid staring at screens for too long: Spending too much time looking at computer screens, tablets, and smartphones can strain your eyes. Take breaks every 20 minutes, and look at something 20 feet away for 20 seconds to give your eyes a rest.3. Maintain a healthy diet: Eating a balanced diet rich in fruits and vegetables can help protect your eyes. Foods like carrots, sweet potatoes, and leafy greens are high in beta-carotene, which is good for eye health.4. Keep your eyes clean: Always wash your hands beforetouching your eyes. If something gets in your eye, gently rinse it out with water.5. Get regular eye exams: It's important to have your eyes checked by an optometrist at least once a year to detect any potential problems early on.6. Protect your eyes at work: If you work in an environment where there are potential eye hazards, such as dust or chemicals, make sure to wear appropriate eye protection.7. Quit smoking: Smoking can increase the risk of developing eye diseases such as macular degeneration and cataracts. Quitting smoking can help protect your eyes.8. Avoid rubbing your eyes: Rubbing your eyes can cause damage to the delicate tissue around them. If you have an itch or something in your eye, try using a cold compress instead.Remember, taking care of your eyes is essential for maintaining good vision and overall health. Follow these tips to keep your eyes healthy and strong.中文翻译：标题：注意保护眼睛（关注眼睛健康）眼睛是我们身体最重要的器官之一，它让我们能够看到并解读周围的世界。
Eye and Face Protection说明书
May 19, 2014 Eye and Face Protection ManualE. Asmatulu,F. Plummer andG. MillerWichita State UniversityDepartment of Environmental Safety and HealthWichita, KSSafety and Environmental considerations are important part of our daily lives, not only for our individual protection, but for the protection of others and the environment as well. In order to maintain a high level of knowledge and responsiveness, each employee and faculty member is issued a copy of this manual. This safety manual is the guiding document of the University Safety Program. Each employee, student and faculty member is responsible for following/obeying to the rules included herein. Student workers are especially subject to accidents and environmental mistakes, and must be trained and guided by knowledgeable faculty and staff. Questions about the content of the manual should be directed to your supervisor or Environmental Health and Safety representatives.This informational booklet is proposed to provide a general overview of a particular safety related topic. This publication does not itself alter compliance responsibilities, which are set forth in OSHA standards themselves, Department of Environmental Health and Safety at Wichita State University.Table of ContentsContents PageEye and Face Protection (1)1. Why would we need eye and face protection? (3)2. How can we prevent an eye injury? (3)3. Types of Eye and Face Protection (3)4. Common Causes of Eye Injuries (3)4.1 Impact Injuries (3)4.2 Chemicals (3)4.3 Heat injuries (4)4.4 Dust (4)4.5 Laser work (4)4.6 Computer Usage (4)4.6.1 Can looking at computer screen cause eyestrain? (4)4.6.2 What can I do to prevent eyestrain? (4)5. Eye and Face Protection Selection (5)6. Common Eye Injuries (6)7. First Aid for Eye Injury (7)7.1 Chemical splash (7)7.2 Flying particles (7)7.3 Radiation/burns (7)7.4 Blows to the eyes (7)7.5 Eyestrain (7)8. The proper care of the PPE (7)References (8)1. Why Do We Need Eye and Face Protection?According to OSHA thousands of people are blinded each year from work-related eye injuries that could have been prevented with the proper selection and use of eye and face protection. Eye injuries alone cost more than $300 million per year in lost production time, medical expenses, and worker compensation. Eye and face protection must be provided whenever necessary to protect against chemical, environmental, radiological or mechanical irritants and hazards.2. How Can We Prevent an Eye Injury?1.Know the eye safety dangers at work-complete an eye hazard assessment.2.Eliminate hazards before starting work. Use machine guarding, work screens, or otherengineering controls.e proper eye protection3. Types of Eye and Face ProtectionThe employer shall ensure that each affected employee uses appropriate eye or face protection when exposed to eye or face hazards from flying particles, molten metal, liquid chemicals, acids or caustic liquids, chemical gases or vapors, or potentially injurious light radiation. All eye protective equipment shall comply with the requirements set forth in the American National Standard for Occupational and Educational Eye and Face Protection, Z 87.1-1968 (OSU, 2014).Figure 1: Eye and face protection selections4. Common Causes of Eye Injuries4.1 Impact InjuriesThe primary hazards to the eyes and face are potential injuries caused by heat, dust, chemicals, radiation and impact. Tasks that can cause eye hazards include working with chemicals, chipping, grinding, furnace operations, sanding, welding and woodworking. See Appendix-I, Eye/Face Hazard Assessment (Central Welding Supply, 2014).4.2 ChemicalsA large percentage of eye injuries are caused by direct contact with chemicals. These injuries often result from an inappropriate choice of PPE that allows a chemical substance toenter from around or under protective eye equipment. Serious and irreversible damage can occur when chemical substances contact the eyes in the form of splash, mists, vapors, or fumes.4.3 Heat InjuriesHeat injuries may occur to the eye and face when workers are exposed to high temperatures, splashes of molten metal, or hot sparks. Protect your eyes from heat when workplace operations involve pouring, casting, hot dipping, furnace operations, and other similar activities. Burns to eye and face tissue are the main concern when working with heat hazards. 4.4 DustDust is present in the workplace during operations such as woodworking and buffing. Working in a dusty environment can causes eye injuries and presents additional hazards to contact lens wearers.4.5 Laser WorkLaser work and similar operations create intense concentrations of heat, ultraviolet, infrared, and reflected light radiation. A laser beam, of sufficient power, can produce intensities greater than those experienced when looking directly at the sun. Unprotected laser exposure may result in eye injuries including retinal burns, cataracts, and permanent blindness. When lasers produce invisible ultraviolet or other radiation, both employees and visitors should use appropriate eye protection at all times. The selection of laser protection should depend upon the lasers in use and the operating conditions. Workers with exposure to laser beams must be furnished suitable laser protection.4.6 Computer UsageStudies have shown that between 50 and 90% of people who work in front of a computer screen have some symptoms of eye trouble .People usually blink around 18 times per minute, which refreshes the eyes naturally. But blink rates are reduced when staring at a computer screen or other digital device, and this can make your eyes burn, dry out, turn red or feel itchy. Sitting too close to your computer monitor, or holding a digital device closer to your eyes than you would normally hold a book or newspaper, also poses a problem. This forces your eyes to work harder than usual as you strain to focus on tiny font sizes (Taylor, 2013).Common symptoms of eyestrain include: sore eyes, dry eyes, teary eyes, blurry vision, double vision, light sensitivity, difficulty focusing on images, neck pain, headache or a combination of all of the above.4.6.1 Can the Looking at Computer Screen Cause Eyestrain?Fatigue, dry eyes, bad lighting, or how you sit in front of the computer can cause eyestrain. Symptoms of eyestrain include sore or irritated eyes and difficulty focusing. You may also have symptoms of eyestrain if you need glasses or a change in your glasses.4.6.2 What Can I Do to Prevent Eye Strain?You can help prevent eyestrain by making changes to your computer workspace and by visiting your eye doctor. Here are a few suggestions on how to make your workspace more comfortable:Place your screen 20 to 26 inches away from your eyes and a little bit below eye level.∙Use a document holder placed next to your computer screen. It should be close enough so you don’t have to swing your head back and forth or constantly change your eye focus.∙Change your lighting to lower glare and harsh reflections. Glare filters over your computer screen can also help.∙Get a chair you can adjust.∙Choose screens that can tilt and swivel. A keyboard that you can adjust is also helpful (TARKEEB, 2010).5. Eye and Face Protection Selection1) The type of eye protection required depends on the hazard. For most situations, safety glasses with side shields are adequate. Where there is a danger of splashing chemicals, goggles are required. More hazardous operations include conducting reactions that have potential for explosion and using or mixing strong caustics or acids. In these situations, a face shield or a combination of face shield and safety goggles or glasses should be used.2) Face shields should only be worn over primary eye protection (spectacles or goggles).3) As required by the standard, persons whose vision requires the use of prescription (Rx) lenses must wear either protective devices fitted with prescription (Rx) lenses or protective devices designed to be worn over regular prescription (Rx) eye wear (OSHA, 2002).4) It is recommended that contact lenses not be permitted in the laboratory. The reasons for this prohibition are:a. If a corrosive liquid splash in the eye, the natural reflex to clamp the eyelids shut makes it very difficult, so to remove the contact lens before damage is done.b. The plastic used in contact lenses is permeable to some of the vapors found in the laboratory. These vapors can be trapped behind the lenses and can cause extensive irritation.c. The lenses can prevent tears from removing the irritant. If chemical vapors contact the eyes while wearing contact lenses, these steps should be followed:∙Immediately remove the lenses.∙Continuously flush the eyes, for at least 15 to 30 minutes.∙Seek medical attention.5) Caution should be exercised in the use of metal frame protective devices in electrical hazard areas.6) Welding helmets or face shields should be used only over primary eye protection (spectacles or goggles).7) Ventilation should be adequate, but well protected from splash entry. Eye and face protection should be designed and used so that it provides both adequate ventilation and protects the wearer from splash entry.8) Protection from light radiation is directly related to filter lens density. Select the darkest shade that allows task performance (OSHA, 2002).9) Visitors shall follow the same eye protection policy as employees. If they do not provide their own eye protection, it is the laboratory's responsibility to provide adequate protection (OSU, 2014).Table 1: Eye and face protection selection chart.6. Common Eye InjuriesInjuries commonly suffered by emergency response and recovery workers at a structural collapse include the following:∙Corneal abrasions and conjunctivitis (red eyes)∙Chemical splashes or burns∙Concrete or metal particles or slivers embedded in the eye∙Welder’s flash∙Eyeball laceration∙Facial contusions and black eyes (CDC, 2014).The primary toxic effects from direct exposure of chemicals to the eye are conjunctivitis or corneal damage. Chemicals that accidentally splash onto the face can directly contact either of these eye structures.Acids and strong alkalis (such as lye) may cause severe corneal corrosion and may result in permanent blindness. Organic solvents (such as acetone) and detergents can cause temporary clouding of vision, primarily due to dissolving of fats from the cornea. Some chemicals can cause toxic effects to the eye even if they do not directly contact the eye.Chemicals that are inhaled or ingested may move to the eye through the blood circulation and produce eye damage. 2-4-Dinitrophenol (a wood preservative) can cause cataracts after ingestion. The ingestion of thallium salts (found in some pesticides) and methanol (wood alcohol) has been associated with blindness due to damage to the optic nerve. Retina damage has been associated with exposures to arsenicals and carbon disulfide (United States Department of Labor, 2014).7. First Aid for Eye Injury7.1 Chemical SplashIf an eye injury occurs, quick action can prevent a permanent disability. For this reason:∙Emergency eyewashes should be placed in all hazardous areas (OSHA, 2014).∙Don't squeeze eyes shut. Hold them open with thumb and index finger.∙First-aid instructions should be posted close to potential danger spots (OSHA, 2014).∙Employees must know where the closest eyewash station is and how to get there with restricted vision (OSHA, 2014).∙Flood eyes with cool, clean water for 15-20 minutes.∙Get medical attention immediately. Have the chemical container and its label available for evaluation.∙Don't use another chemical to neutralize the spilled chemical (Noone, 2003).7.2 Flying Particles∙Don't try to remove anything embedded in the eye. You could cause more damage.∙Don't pull or squeeze the eye. Cover it and get medical attention immediately.7.3 Radiation/Burns∙If the eyes are exposed to intense heat, flames, lasers or arc welding radiation, apply ice packs to relieve pain.∙Get medical attention immediately.7.4 Blows to the Eyes∙Apply ice packs to control swelling and relieve pain.∙Get medical attention as soon as possible.7.5 Eyestrain∙Glare, poor lighting and long periods spent at a video display terminal can cause eye fatigue, soreness and headaches.∙Improve the lighting in the area.∙Give eyes adequate rest (Noone, 2003).8. The proper Care of the PPEScheduled and daily maintenance of protective eyewear is mandatory. To reduce the risk of eye injuries proper maintenance should include the following:•Adjust eyewear for a snug fit and reasonable comfort•Secure loose parts•Replace scratched, cracked, pitted•Clean eyewear after each shift or as needed•Clean shared eyewear by washing with warm, soapy water, and rinsing thoroughly•Use a disinfectant and hang eyewear to dry in a clean place•Store eyewear in a case to prevent scratching•Use an anti-fogging product to reduce or eliminate fogging•Label each person’s eyewear with their name (TDI, 2014).ReferencesOSHA, 2002.”Occupational Safety and Health Standards for Shipyard Employment” https:///pls/oshaweb/owadisp.show_document?p_table=STANDARDS&p_id=103 32OSHA, 2014. “Selecting PPE for the Workplace” (Available Online 5/7/2014)https:///SLTC/etools/eyeandface/ppe/selection.htmlNoone, B., 2003. “Five common eye hazards” ISHN /articles/five-common-eye-hazardsMIT EHS, 2014. “Eye Protection in Laboratories Assessment, Selection, Use and Maintenance” MIT-EHS 2-3477 (Available Online 5/7/2014)https:///site/sites/default/files/EyeProtectionGuidance.pdfOklahoma State University (OSU), 2014. “Laboratory PPE-Eye Protection” Available Online 5/8/2014) https:///modules/ppe/Eye.htmTexas Department of Insurance Division of Workers (TDI), 2014. “Eye Protection” Compensation Workplace & Medical Services, Outreach & Education. HS93-006E(11-06) (Available Online 5/13/2014) /pubs/videoresource/stpeyeprot.pdf TARKEEB, 2010. “Eye Protection Safety T raining”/tarkeeb/eye-protection-safety-trainingTaylor, J., 2013. “Are computer screens damaging your eyes?” (Available Online May 14, 2014) /2013/11/12/health/upwave-computer-eyes/Central Welding Supply, 2014. “Eye/Face Haza rd Assessm ent” (Available Online May 14, 2014) Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 2014. “Eye Safety for Emergency Response and Disaster Recovery” /niosh/topics/eye/eyesafe.html#Hazards Unite d States Department of Labor, 2014. “Guidance for Hazard Determination”(Available Online May 16, 2014) https:///dsg/hazcom/ghd053107.htmlAppendixAppendix-I: Hazard Assessment ChecklistSafety Management Resources: 。
(完整版)眼面护具通用技术条件.doc
眼面护具通用技术条件Universal technical requirements for eye and face protectors自 1994-7-1 起执行1主题内容与适用范围本标准规定了眼面护具的分类、结构、规格、材料、技术要求、试验方法、检验规则、包装和运输。
本标准适用于眼面护具的研究、设计、生产、使用和检验。
2引用标准GB 191 包装储运图示标志3术语3． 1 眼面护具equipments for eye and face protection防御电磁波、烟雾、化学物质、金属火花、飞屑和粉尘等伤害眼睛、面部（含颈部）的防护用品。
3． 2 防护眼罩cover for eye protection在头带框架内装有单片或双片镜片的眼护具。
3． 3 防护眼镜spectacles for protection在眼镜架框内装有各种护目镜片的眼护具。
3． 4 防护面罩protective face mask遮盖面部（含颈部）的各种护具。
3． 5 护目镜片protective optics防御有害因素伤害眼部的各种透光构件。
3． 6 镜片水平基准长度optical horizontal reference length镜片顶部和底部之间的中心水平基准线长度。
3． 7 镜片垂直高度 optical vertical height垂直于镜片水平基准线的中线长度。
3． 8 镜片中心范围 optical vertical height距镜片边缘 5mm 以内区域。
3． 9 光焦度 focal power表征光学系统会聚或发散光束能力的量。
其值为镜片后顶点至焦点距离的倒数。
单位：屈光度（ D ）。
3． 10 平行度（又称棱镜度） depth of parallelism光束通过镜片的偏折程度。
单位：cm/m，符号：△。
3． 11 保护片 cover透明镜片，置于滤光片前面，以保护滤光片不致受外界划伤和金属熔渣等污损。
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Eye and Face ProtectionEye and Face ProtectionOver 30 Styles Spectacles, Faceshields, Chemical & Welding Goggles, Welding Helmets, Lens Cleaning Stations & AccessoriesOver 280 Line Items Compatible with North Head Protection, Hearing Protection Items to provide Total Eye, Face, Head & Hearing ProtectionEye and Face Protection• Designed … - to meet or exceed industry standards (ANSI Z87, CSA Z94.3, CE EN166) - to protect - to provide comfort - with styleMarket Information• 1000 eye injuries occur in U.S. workplaces every day • 60% of those injured were not wearing eye protection • Eye injuries cost industry $300-500 million in wages and medical care • 94% of those injured while wearing eyewear were injured by a foreign body entering the eye from around the eyewear According to OSHA, 90% of injuries can be prevented through the use of proper protective eyewearEye Protection-Market Share• $250 Million Market • Over 85 Million pair sold annually; over 60% of sales are non-prescription • Main sales growth of non prescription eyewear has been in imported products • Market has been driven by style and comfort • 100+ US Suppliers include Baccou-Dalloz, Crews, Aearo, Sellstrom, Bouton, 3M, MSAEye Protection• OSHA Estimates over 3 Million US Workers have jobs where there is a potential Hazard of exposure to the eye and/or face • Code of Federal Regulations 1910.133 spells out OSHA requirements for performance & selection of eye & face protection, ANSI Standard Z87.1-2003Standard 1910.133“The employer shall ensure that each affected employee uses appropriate eye or face protection when exposed to eye or face hazards from flying particles, molten metal, liquid chemicals, acids or caustic liquids, chemical gases or vapors, or potentially injurious light radiation.”Standard 1910.133“The employer shall ensure that each affected employee uses eye protection that provides side protection when there is a hazard from flying objects.” “Detachable side protectors (e.g. clip-on or slide-on side shields) meeting the pertinent requirements of this section are acceptable.”Market OverviewSafety Spectacles-67%Prescription & non-prescription eyewearFace/Welding Protection-17%Lens, Visors, Faceshields, GogglesGoggles-16%Direct & Indirect Vented GogglesIn the Workplace• Every day an estimated 1,000 eye injuries occur in American workplaces. • The financial cost of these injuries is enormous -- more than $300 million per year in lost production time, medical expenses, and workers compensation. • No dollar figure can adequately reflect the personal toll these accidents take on the injured workers.What Contributes to Eye Injuries at Work?• Not wearing eye protection. BLS reports that nearly three out of every five workers injured were not wearing eye protection at the time of the accident. • Wearing the wrong kind of eye protection for the job. About 40% of the injured workers were wearing some form of eye protection when the accident occurred.What Causes Eye Injuries?• Flying particles. BLS found that almost 70% of the accidents studied resulted from flying or falling objects or sparks striking the eye. Injured workers estimated that nearly three-fifths of the objects were smaller than a pin head. Most of the particles were said to be traveling faster than a hand-thrown object when the accident occurred. • Contact with chemicals caused one-fifth of the injuries. Other accidents were caused by objects swinging from a fixed or attached position, like tree limbs, ropes, chains, or tools which were pulled into the eye while the worker was using them.4A Coatings• Anti-Fog: mobile agent resists fogging by diffusing to the surface, causing water to spread into a thin, transparent film • Anti-Scratch: abrasion resistant coating prolongs the useful life of the lens by increasing the surface resistance of the lens in the field. No coating is scratch proof.4A Coatings• Anti-Static: less friction reduces the buildup of electrostatic charges. • Anti-UV: absorbs more than 99.9% of harmful UV radiation.• Hard Coated Scratch Resistant Coating – – – – – Permanently bonds to the lens Very durable Extends lens life Excellent optical quality Resistant to a wide range of chemicalsN-Vision T5650Features/Benefits • Modern ergonomic design for excellent comfort and fit. • Easy lens replacement system. Saves money by replacing scratched or damaged lenses • Frame made of new Elasto LT chemical resistant material. Frame lasts longer. Fewer eyewear replacements. Saves money. • The only eyewear on the market supplied with both straight and curved temples for a custom fit every time. Included with all N-Vision 5600 Series eyewear • Universal comfort bridge design provides excellent weight distribution and comfort. • All lenses are protected with North’ s exclusive 4A Coating. Saves money with fewer lens and eyewear replacements • Meets ANSI Z87.1(USA), CSA Z94.3(Canada) and EN166(Europe) requirementsN-Vision T5655Features/Benefits •Optional RX Insert available (65RX) •Provided with two Flexi-Fit soft nose-pieces and narrow) for comfort and adaptability •Easy lens replacement system •Frame made of new Elasto LT chemical resistant material •The lenses are protected with NorthÕs exclusive 4A Coating: Anti-Fog, AntiScratch, Anti-UV 99.9%, Anti-Static •Comfortable straight and curved temple ends supplied with all N-Vision 5600 Series eyewear •Meets and/or exceeds ANSI Z87.1 and CSA Z94.3 requirements (regularLightning T6500Features/Benefits • RX Insert available (65RX) • High base curve panoramic lens for a wide unobstructed field of view • Frame made of new Elasto LT chemical resistant material. Frame lasts longer. Fewer eyewear replacements. Saves money • New Soft-Touch comfort pads provide all day wearing comfort. • Self-adjusting temples that insure a secure yet comfortable fit for wide or narrow faces. • All lenses are protected with North’s exclusive 4A Coating. Saves money with fewer lens and eyewear replacements • Comes with two Flexi-Fit soft nose pieces (regular and narrow) for excellent comfort and fit • Meets ANSI Z87.1(USA), CSA Z94.3(Canada) and EN166(Europe) standardsLightning Plus T6550Features/Benefits • RX Insert available (65RX) • Very fast and easy lens replacement. One style for multiple uses. • High base curve panoramic lens and “frameless” design provides a wide unobstructed field of view • Straight back temple designed to fit most head shapes • Comes with two Flexi-Fit soft nose-pieces (regular and narrow) for excellent comfort and fit • All lenses are protected with North’s exclusive 4A Coating • Meets ANSI Z87.1(USA), CSA Z94.3(Canada) and EN166(Europe) standardsPulsar T8000 SeriesFeatures/Benefits • Stylish, modern European lens shape • Excellent fit for most women and men with smaller facial features • Made completely from lightweight non-conductive high impact polycarbonate for strength and durability • Deep base curve dual lens design for excellent wrap-around coverage and optical quality • Adjustable soft nosepiece for a better fit and increased wearer comfort • Adjustable temple length for a custom fit • All lenses are protected by North’s exclusive 3A coating for a longer life • Meets ANSI Z87.1(USA) and CSA Z94.3(Canada)Rebel T8100 SeriesFeatures/Benefits • Lightweight deep base curve unilens design provides excellent wraparound coverage • Adjustable lens angle for a comfortable custom fit • Attractive straight back non slip co-molded temples Comfortably fits most head shapes well. Temples stay securely in place • Molded in brow guard provides greater protection across the top of the lens • Adjustable soft nose piece for a custom fit and increased comfort • All Lenses are protected by North’s exclusive 3A coating for longer life • Offers wearers style, protection and comfort at an economical price • Meets the ANSI Z87.1 standardIllusion T1500 SeriesFeatures/Benefits • Attractive low profile unilens shape • Full coverage eyewear. Offers maximum protection • Semi-browguard design provides an excellent seal in the brow and side areas • Made completely from lightweight non-conductive high impact polycarbonate for strength and durability • Available in: Clear, Smoke, Amber, IR shade 3.0, IR shade 5.0 and Mirror • All lenses are protected by North’s exclusive 4A coating • Meets ANSI Z87.1(USA), CSA Z94.3(Canada) and EN166(Europe) standards180 Slimline T1300 SeriesFeatures/Benefits • Popular attractive low profile shape • Very light weight design for greater wearer comfort • Completely dielectric. No metal parts • High base curve front provides excellent coverage and a wide field of view • Made completely of lightweight non-conductive high impact polycarbonate for strength and durability • Soft pads inside temples provide for increased comfort and a better fit • Can be used as stylish, economical disposable eyewear for permanent workers or visitors • Meets ANSI Z87.1(USA), CSA Z94.3(Canada) and EN166(Europe) standardsOG T1100 SeriesFeatures/Benefits • Classic over the glasses type design • Fits over virtually any prescription eyewear • Completely dielectric. No metal parts • Can be worn as visitor or standard safety glasses • Offers excellent coverage for maximum protection • Very wide field of view • All lenses are protected by North’s exclusive 4A coating • Meets ANSI Z87.1(USA), CSA Z94.3(Canada) and EN 166(Europe) standardsTornado• Dual lens styling in a single-piece lens • Adjustable straight or curved temples • 4A coated lens for maximum protection and comfort • Straight temple version has adjustable lens angle for greater SERIES T5700 & T5800 coverage and a custom fit • Meets ANSI, CSA, CESquire• “Classic” single lens design • Lightweight nylon wrap around frame • Adjustable temple for maximum fit • Integrated side shields for maximum protection • North 3A lens coatingSeries T1605Norton 180 Series• Contoured lens and ventilated sideshields provide wide field of vision and reduced fogging • Hardcoated, injection molded polycarbonate lens provide impact protection and absorbs 99.9% of harmful UV light • Available in Clear, Amber, Smoke, Light and Dark GreenWrap Around ProtectionVisitors Glass 90S• ANSI approved eyewear features wide viewing field and fits over most prescription eyewearBasic T1900• Durable, lightweight ANSI compliant economically priced eyewearSafety Goggles• Applications include chemical splash protection, welding, cutting, brazing • Represent over 17% of total eye protection marketSafety GogglesROYALE UV50 Series • Maximum field of vision combined with soft, flexible PVC frames provides comfort, fit and seal • Indirect vented frame, 4A coated lens reduces fogging • Large frame available in Light Grey, and Clear to fit over other eyewearSafety GogglesPrince 4015•Soft, Lightweight PVC frame with 4 cap vents for indirect ventilation. Fog free lens reduces fogging. Neoprene strap for chemical exposure.Safesplash 315•Economy goggle•Lightweight and cap vented for chemical splash protectionProtector 300•Economy goggle•Lightweight with direct ventilation.•Comfortable, soft frameHeadgear•Fast Change and Protected Fit systems accommodate wide range of window styles •Ratchet or Pinlock systems with Crown adjustments provide secure, comfortable fit •HDPE Thermoplastic -Same as North hardhatsWindows•Flat, Pre-formed, PETG, Polycarbonate Windows available in 10 plus sizes and shapes, clear and greenChoosing the Right Shield•Chemical Splash •Impact •General Purpose •Heat •PETG •Polycarbonate •PETG •PolycarbonateBrackets •Aluminum offers high heat resistance •Polypropylene (nylon) offers: chemical and impact resistance dielectric•Stainless steel, nylon screensand visors for forestry applications •Fully integrated protectionHead/Eye/Face/Hearing-6 Combination Forestry Kits-5 Industrial KitsHIGH PERFORMANCE FACESHIELDSHIGH PERFORMANCEFACESHIELDS•Widest selection of models in the industry•A performance level and price point for every application •Unique material, design and performance features in all modelsMODEL F-300THE INDUSTRY STANDARD FOR LIGHT DUTY, GENERAL PURPOSE FACE PROTECTION•3”crown molded fromstrong, heat resistantNORYL•Fits easily over spectacles•Exceptionally lightweight•Accommodates 11 1/2”X8”windowsMODEL F-400DEEPER CROWN, WIDER WINDOWS•Extends face protection without increasingweight•4”deep crow is molded from NORYL towithstand most industrial environment•Deep channel and locking cams preventdebris from penetrating the seam•Wide, wrap-around 16 1/2”windows provide40% more protection than competitive 12”windows•Expanded, unobstructed view•Meets ANSI-Z87+-2003; CSA; and CENF-400/4178CMODEL F-500EXTENDED CROWN, WRAPAROUNDWINDOWS•Extends face protection without increasingweight•7”deep crow is molded from NORYL towithstand most industrial environment•Deep channel and locking cams preventdebris from penetrating the seam•Wide, wrap-around 19”windows provide60% more protection than competitive 12”windows•Expanded, unobstructed view•Unique angled shape clears shouldersF-500MODEL FM-500-DCDUAL CROWN SAFETY MASK•Full face protection without increasingweight•Dual crowns are molded from NORYL towithstand most industrial environment•Provides extra margin of protection fromunder chin hazards•Wide, wrap-around windows are availablein clear, shade 5, True-View gray and goldplated.•Expanded, unobstructed view•Cam-Locking channel grip windowmounting system on both crown and chindeflectorsFM-500-DC (also available with F-400 size deflectors and cap mount models)MODEL FM400-DC-AFARC FLASH DUAL CROWN SAFETY MASK•Full face protection without increasing weight •Dual crowns are molded from NORYL to withstand most industrial environment •Provides extra margin of protection from under chin hazards •Cal rating of 25 when worn as tested (see image)•Wide, wrap-around windows provide expanded, unobstructed view •Cam-Locking channel grip windowmounting system on both crown and chindeflectors FM-400DC-AFDUAL CROWN SAFETYMASK•Provides extra margin ofprotection•Crowns made from NORYL,the same material as weldinghelmets•Extended view windows covermore face and neck area•Mounts on cap peak with aperfect seal from dust, dirt anddebrisFM-70DCDUAL CROWN ARC FLASH SAFETY MASK•Provides extra margin of protection•Crowns made from NORYL, thesame material as welding helmets•Extended view windows covermore face and neck area•Cal rating of 25 when worn astested (see image)•Mounts on cap peak with a perfectseal from dust, dirt and debrisFM-70DC-AF 25EXCLUSIVE DESIGN FEATURE CHANNEL-GRIP WINDOW MOUNTING SYSTEMChannel gripMounting channelSlot pinLocking cams•Deep, recessed mounting channel positions window securely•Wide rim keeps debris away from window/crown seam•Strategically placed channel grip add window holding power•Easy on/off slot and pin window mounting system eliminates snaps•Positive action end cams anchor the window and lock it in place fora complete seal against sparks, dirt and debris•Windows are injection molded and preformed to the curve of the crown •Made from proprionate -best all around material for faceshield windows •Windows are .060”thick for extra protection yet cost no more thancompetitive .040”windows•Models 4178 and 4199 are available in clear, dark green for glare;IR/UV shade 5 for Oxy-fuel welding and cutting and True-View grayfor use in bright sunlight.•Models 4178 and 4199 have universal hole pattern to fit most competitive faceshields including JacksonHIGH PERFORMANCE WINDOWS 4199.060”X19”X9 3/4”4178.060”X16 1/2”X8”4118.060”X11 1/2”X 8”HIGH PERFORMANCE IR/UV SHADE 3 AND 5 WINDOWS•The preferred method of face and eyeprotection for Oxy-fuel welding and cuttingand plasma arc cutting•Molded from the highest quality absorberto produce consistent shade 3 or 5 protectionthroughout the window with excellent opticalqualities.•Popular wide vision size and shape•.060”thick for added protection but sold at.040”prices for extra value•Universal mounting hole pattern fits most Model 4178 IR/UV shade 5faceshield brands including JacksonHIGH PERFORMANCE TRUE-VIEW GRAYWINDOWS•Ideal for work in bright sunlight•Provides glare attenuation•Blocks 99% of harmful UV rays•Allows full color recognition•For recognizing warning lights•Working with color coded wiring•Fits FMP F-400, F-500 and FM-70•Fits most leading brands of faceshields A NORTH EXCLUSIVE!4178 TV GRAYHIGH PERFORMANCE GOLD PLATEDWINDOWS•For use in high-heat environments•Gold plating deflects radiant heat•Highest quality gold plating•Window maintains dimensionalstability•Lowers temperature inside faceshield•Fits FMP F-400, F-500 and FH-66 4199 GP•Also available in 4178 and 4750 sizesFACESHIELD/CAP COMBINATION DEVICES•North faceshields use the same capmounting devices as our weldinghelmets.•Patented model 5000 Speedy Loop isthe best all around mounting devicejust as it is with helmets•Model 6000 Quick-Lok mountingblades allow HIGH PERFORMANCEfaceshields to be mounted on mostbrands of slotted competitive caps。