法律英语——继承法

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法律英语口语:遗嘱和继承

法律英语口语:遗嘱和继承

法律英语口语:遗嘱和继承1.A will needs the signature of the testator and two witnesses.2.He bequeathed his shares to his daughter.3.He was named executor of his brother's will.4.He would like part of his estate to go to relatives other than his immediate family.5.Hereby revoke all former wills,codicilsand testamentary dispositions made by me and declare to be my last will and testament.6.She died without issue.7.The main beneficiaries of the will are the deceased's family.8.The will was signed in the presence of two witnesses9.You can disinherit your children.10.Your possessions will be distributed by the stateunder its statute of descent if you die without a will.遗嘱和继承一份遗嘱需要立遗嘱人和两个证人签字.他将他的份额遗赠给他的女儿.他被提名做他兄弟的遗嘱执行人.他宁愿奖其部分遗产赠与远亲而非近亲属.在此特撤销本人以前订立之所有遗嘱,遗嘱修订附件及按遗嘱实行的产权处置,并宣布本遗嘱为人最终之遗嘱.她死后无嗣.遗嘱的主要受益人是死者的家庭成员.本遗嘱是在两位证人面前签署的.你能够剥夺子女的继承权.如一个人无遗嘱死亡,其财产将按州的法定继承法规予以处置.。

法学考研必备——法律英语单词汇总(附音标)

法学考研必备——法律英语单词汇总(附音标)

法律渊源source of law制定法statute判例法case law; precedent [pri'si:dənt]普通法common law特别法special law固有法native law; indigenous law [ɪnˈdɪdʒənəs]继受法adopted law实体法substantial law[səbˈstænʃəl]程序法procedural law[prəˈsi:dʒərəl]原则法fundamental law例外法exception law司法解释judicial interpretation [ˈɪntə:priˈteiʃən]习惯法customary law[ˈkʌstəməri]公序良俗public order and moral自然法natural law罗马法Roman Law[ˈrəʊmən]私法private law公法public law市民法jus civile万民法jus gentium [dʒʌsˈdʒentiəm]民法法系civil law system英美法系system of Anglo-American law大陆法系civil law system普通法common law大陆法continental law[ˈkɔntəˈnentl]罗马法系Roman law system衡平法equity; [ˈekwiti] law of equity日尔曼法Germantic law[dʒəˈmænɪk]教会法ecclesiastical law [ɪˈkli:zi:ˈæstɪkəl]寺院法canon law[ˈkænən]伊斯兰法Islamic law民法法律规范norm of civil law授权规范authorization norm [ˈɔ:θərɪˈzeɪʃən]禁止规范forbidding norm义务性规范obligatory norm ['ɔbliɡətəri]命令性规范commanding norm [kəˈmændɪŋ]民法基本原则fundamental principles of civil law平等原则principle of equality[i:ˈkwɔliti]自愿原则principle of free will公平原则principle of justice等价有偿原则principle of equal [ˈi:kwəl] value exchange诚实信用原则principle of good faith[feiθ]行为act作为act不作为omission[əʊˈmɪʃən]合法行为lawful act违法行为unlawful act民事权利能力civil right绝对权absolute right[ˈæbsəlju:t]相对权relative right[ˈrelətiv]优先权right of priority[praiˈɔriti]先买权preemption[pri:ˈempʃən]原权antecedent right[ˈæntɪˈsi:dnt]救济权right of relief[riˈli:f]支配权right of dominion[dəˈminjən]请求权right of claim物上请求权right of claim for real thing形成权right of formation撤销权right of claiming cancellation [ˈkænsəˈleɪʃən]否认权right of claiming cancellation解除权right of renouncement:[ri'naunsmənt]代位权subrogated right[ˈsʌbrəˈɡeitid]选择权right of choice承认权right of admission终止权right of termination [ˈtɜ:məˈneɪʃən]抗辩权right of defense一时性抗辩权momentary right of defense [ˈməʊmənˈteri:]永久性抗辩权permanent counter-argument right[ˈpə:mənənt][ˈkauntə]不安抗辩权unstable counter-argument right [ʌnˈsteɪbəl]同时履行抗辩权defense right of simultaneous performance[ˈsiməlˈteinjəs]既得权tested right期待权expectant right专属权exclusive right非专属权non-exclusive right人身权利personal right人权human right人格权right of personality生命健康权right of life and health姓名权right of name名称权right of name肖像权right of portraiture [ˈpɔ:trɪˈtʃʊə]自由权right of freedom名誉权right reputation隐私权right of privacy[ˈpraivəsi]私生活秘密权right of privacy贞操权virginity right[vəˈdʒɪnɪti:]身份权right of status亲权parental power; [pəˈrentl]parental right亲属权right of relative[ˈrelətiv]探视权visitation right[ˈviziˈteiʃən]配偶权right of spouse[spauz]荣誉权right of honor权利的保护protection of right公力救济public protection私力救济self-protection权利本位standard of right社会本位standard of society无责任行为irresponsible right [ˈɪrɪˈspɔnsəbəl]正当防卫justifiable right; [ˈdʒʌstəˈfaɪəbəl] ligitimate defence防卫行为act of defence自为行为self-conducting act紧急避险act of rescue; necessity[niˈsesiti]自助行为act of self-help不可抗力force majeure[mæ'ʒə:]意外事件accident行为能力capacity for act[kəˈpæsiti]意思能力capacity of will民事行为civil act意思表示declaration of intention [ˈdekləˈreiʃən]意思表示一致meeting of minds; consensus [kənˈsensəs]完全行为能力perfect capacity for act限制行为能力restrictive capacity for act [rɪˈstrɪktɪv]准禁治产人quasi-interdicted person [ˈkwɑ:zi][ˈɪntəˈdɪkt]保佐protection自治产人minor who is capable of administering his own capacity[ˈkeipəbl]无行为能力incapacity for act禁治产人interdicted person自然人natural person公民citizen住所domicile[ˈdɔmisail]居所residence[ˈrezidəns]经常居住地frequently dwelling place [ˈfri:k wəntlɪ][ˈdwelɪŋ]户籍census register[ˈsensəs][ˈredʒistə]监护guardianship[ˈɡɑ:djənʃip]个体工商户individual business [ˈɪndiˈvidjuəl]农村承包经营户leaseholding rural household[ˈli:sˈhəʊld][ˈruərəl] [ˈhaushəuld]合伙partnership合伙人partner合伙协议partnership agreement合伙财产property of partnership合伙债务debt of partnership入伙join partnership退伙withdrawal from partnership [wiðˈdrɔ:əl]合伙企业partnership business establishment 个人合伙partnership法人合伙partnership of legal person特别合伙special partnership普通合伙general partnership有限合伙limited partnership民事合伙civil partnership隐名合伙sleeping partnership; dormant partnership[ˈdɔ:mənt]私营企业private enterprise; proprietorship [prəˈpraɪətəˈʃɪp]法人legal person企业法人legal body of enterprise[ˈbɔdi]企业集团group of enterprise关联企业affiliate enterprise[əˈfilieit]个人独资企业individual business establishment国有独资企业solely state-owned enterprise [ˈsəʊli:]中外合资企业Sino-foreign joint venture enterprise[ˈventʃə]中外合作企业Sino-foreign contractual enterprise[kənˈtræktʃu:əl]社团法人legal body of mass organization财团法人legal body of financial group联营joint venture法人型联营association of legal persons合伙型联营coordinated management in partnership[kəuˈɔ:dineitid]协作型联营cooperation-type coordinated management[kəuˈɔpəˈreiʃən]合作社cooperative[kəuˈɔpərətiv]民事法律行为civil legal act单方民事法律行为unilateral civil legal act [ˈju:nəˈlætərəl]双方民事法律行为bilateral civil legal act [baiˈlætərəl]多方民事法律行为joint act civil legal act有偿民事法律行为civil legal act with consideration无偿民事法律行为civil legal act without consideration; civil legal act without award实践性民事法律行为practical civil legal act 诺成性民事法律行为consental civil legal act要式民事法律行为formal civil legal act不要式民事法律行为informal civil legal act 要因民事法律行为causative civil legal act [ˈkɔ:zətiv]不要因民事法律行为noncausative civil legal act主民事法律行为principal civil legal act从民事法律行为accessory civil legal act [ækˈsesəri]附条件民事法律行为conditional civil legal act附期限民事法律行为civil legal act with term生前民事法律行为civil legal act before death死后民事法律行为civil legal act after death 准民事法律行为quasi-civil legal act无效行为ineffective act[ˈɪnɪˈfektɪv]可撤销民事行为revocable civil act [ˈrevəkəbəl]违法行为illegal act; unlawful act侵权行为tort欺诈fraud[frɔ:d]胁迫duress[djʊres]乘人之危taking advantage of others’precarious position[priˈkɛəriəs]以合法形式掩盖非法目的legal form concealing illegal intention[kənˈsi:l]恶意串通malicious collaboration[məˈlɪʃəs] [kəˈlæbəˈreiʃən]重大误解gross misunderstanding显失公平obvious unjust[ˈɔbviəs]误传misrepresentation代理agency[ˈeidʒənsi]本人principal[ˈprinsəpəl]被代理人principal受托人trustee[trʌsˈti:]代理人agent[ˈeidʒənt]本代理人original agent法定代理人statutory agent; legal agent [ˈstætjutəri]委托代理人agent by mandate [ˈmænˈdeɪt]指定代理人designated agent[ˈdeziɡneit]复代理人subagent再代理人subagent转代理人subagent代理权right of agency授权行为act of authorization [ˈɔ:θərɪˈzeɪʃən]授权委托书power of attorney[əˈtə:ni]代理行为act of agency委托代理agency by mandate本代理original agency复代理subagency次代理subagency有权代理authorized agency[ˈɔ:θəraizd]表见代理agency by estoppel;[isˈtɔpəl]apparent agency[əˈpærənt]律师代理agency by lawyer普通代理general agency全权代理general agency全权代理委托书general power of attorney 共同代理joint agency独家代理sole agency居间brokerage[ˈbrəʊkərɪdʒ]居间人broker[ˈbrəʊkə]行纪commission; broker house[kəˈmiʃən]信托trust时效time limit; prescription; limitation [prisˈkripʃən]时效中止suspension of prescription/limitation[səˈspenʃən]时效中断interruption of limitation/prescription[ˈɪntəˈrʌpʃən]时效延长extension of limitation [iksˈtenʃən]取得时效acquisitive prescription [əˈkwɪzɪtɪv]时效终止lapse of time; [læps] termination of prescription期日date期间term涉外民事关系civil relations with foreign elements[ˈelimənt]冲突规范rule of conflict[ˈkɔnflikt]准据法applicable law; governing law [ˈæplikəbl]反致renvoi; [renˈvɔi]remission [rɪˈmɪʃən]转致transmission[trænzˈmiʃən]识别identification[aiˈdentifiˈkeiʃən]公共秩序保留reserve of public order [riˈzə:v]法律规避evasion of law[ɪˈveɪʒən]国籍nationality[ˈnæʃəˈnæliti]国有化nationalization [ˈnæʃnəlaiˈzeiʃən]法律责任legal liability民事责任civil liability/responsibility行政责任administrative liability/responsibility[ædˈmɪnɪˈstreɪtɪv]刑事责任criminal liability/responsibility违约责任liability of breach of contract; responsibility of default[diˈfɔ:lt]有限责任limited liability无限责任unlimited liability按份责任shared/several liability连带责任joint and several liability过失责任liability for negligence; [ˈneɡlidʒəns]negligent liability [ˈneglɪdʒənt]过错责任fault liability; liability for fault单独过错sole fault[fɔ:lt]共同过错joint fault混合过错mixed fault被害人过错victim’s fault[ˈviktim]第三人过错third party’s fault推定过错presumptive fault [prɪˈzʌmptɪv]恶意bad faith; malice故意deliberate intention; intention; willfulness [di'libərət]过失negligence [ˈneɡlɪdʒəns]重大过失gross negligence疏忽大意的过失careless and inadvertent negligence[,inəd'və:tənt]过于自信的过失negligence with undue assumption损害事实facts of damage有形损失tangible damage/loss ['tændʒəbl]无形损失intangible damage/loss财产损失property damage/loss人身损失personal damage/loss精神损失spiritual damage/loss spiritual ['spiritjuəl]民事责任承担方式methods of bearing civil liability停止侵害cease the infringing act [si:s] [ɪnˈfrɪndʒ]排除妨碍exclusion of hindrance; [ˈhɪndrəns]removal of obstacle [riˈmu:vəl][ˈɔbstəkl]消除危险elimination of danger[ɪˈlɪmɪˈneɪʃən]返还财产restitution of property [ˈrestɪˈtju ʃən]恢复原状restitution; restitution of original state赔偿损失compensate for a loss; [ˈkɔmpenseit]indemnify for a loss [ɪnˈdem nəˈfaɪ]支付违约金payment of liquidated damage [ˈlɪkwɪˈdeɪt]消除影响eliminate ill effects恢复名誉rehabilitate one’s reputation [ˈri:həˈbiliteit]赔礼道歉extend a formal apology物权jus ad rem; right in rem; real right [dʒu:s][rem]物权制度real right system; right in rem system一物一权原则the principal of One thing, One Right物权法定主义principal of legality of right in rem物权公示原则principal of public summons of right in rem[ˈsʌmən]物权法jus rerem物property生产资料raw material for production [məˈtiəriəl]生活资料means of livelihood; [ˈlaɪvli:ˈhʊd]means of subsistence [səbˈsɪstəns]流通物res in commercium; a thing in commerce[ri:z]限制流通物limited merchantable thing [ˈmə:tʃətəb(ə)l]禁止流通物res extra commercium; a thing out of commerce资产asset[ˈæset]固定资产fixed asset流动资产current asset; floating asset [ˈkʌrənt][ˈfləʊtɪŋ]动产movables;[ˈmu:vəblz]chattel[ˈtʃætl]不动产immovable; real estate[isˈteit]特定物res certae; a certain thing种类物genus;[ˈdʒi:nəs]indefinite thing [inˈdefinit]可分物res divisibiles; divisible things [dɪˈvɪzəbəl]不可分物res indivisibiles; indivisible things 主物res capitalis; a principal thing从物res accessoria; an accessory thing [ækˈsesəri]原物original thing孳息fruits天然孳息natural fruits法定孳息legal fruits无主物bona vacatia; [ˈbəunə] vacant goods; [ˈveikənt] ownerless goods遗失物lost property漂流物drifting object[ˈdriftiŋ]埋藏物fortuna; hidden property货币currency[ˈkʌrənsi]证券securities[siˈkjuəriti]债券bond[bɔnd]物权分类classification of right in rem/real right[ˈklæsifiˈkeiʃən]自物权jus in re propria; right of full ownership所有权dominium; ownership; title所有权凭证document of title; title of ownership占有权dominium utile; equitable ownership 使用权right of use; right to use of收益权right to earnings; right to yields [ji:ld]处分权right of disposing; jus dispodendi善意占有possession in good faith恶意占有malicious possession[məˈlɪʃəs]按份共有several possession共同共有joint possession他物权jus in re aliena用益物权real right for usufruct [ˈju:sju(:)frʌkt]使用权right to use; right of use土地使用权right to the use of land林权forest ownership[ˈfɔrist]采矿权mining ownership[ˈmaɪnɪŋ]经营权managerial authority; [ˈmænɪˈdʒɪəri:əl][ɔ:ˈθɔriti] power of management承包经营权right to contracted management 相邻权neighboring right; relatedright地上权superficies[su:pəˈfiʃii:z]永佃权jus emphyteuticum; right to landed estate granted in perpetuity through a contract [ˈpɜ:pɪˈtju:ɪti:]地役权servitude; [ˈsɜ:vɪˈtju:d] easement[ˈi:zmənt]人役权servitus personarum; personal servitude担保物权real right for security物的担保security for thing物的瑕疵担保warranty against defect of a thing[ˈwɔrənti]抵押权hypotheca; hypothecation; right to mortgage[ˈmɔ:ɡidʒ]抵押权的设定creation of right to mortgage 抵押人mortgagor[ˈmɔ:ɡidʒə]抵押权人mortgagee[ˈmɔ:ɡəˈdʒi:]抵押标的物collateral; [kəˈlætərəl]estate under mortgage[isˈteit]抵押权的效力deffect of right to mortgage抵押权的次序sequence of right to mortgage [ˈsi:kwəns]抵押权的抛弃abandonment of right to mortgage抵押权的让与alienation of right to mortgage [ˈeɪljəˈneɪʃən]抵押权的实现materialization of right to mortgage[məˈtiəriəlaiˈzeiʃn]抵押权的消灭extinction of right to [ɪkˈstɪŋkʃən]mortgageregistration of estate under mortgage 抵押物登记registration of estate under mortgage[ˈredʒɪˈstreɪʃən][isˈteit]抵押优先权priority of mortgage [praiˈɔriti]留置权lien[li:n]一般留置权general lien特别留置权special lien质权hypotheque; pledge; right of pledge [pledʒ]佃权tenant right[ˈtenənt]债权jus in personam; right to give or procure; prəʊˈkjʊə,prə-]claim; creditor’s right [ˈkredɪtə]债权人creditor债务人debtor[ˈdetə]相对人counterpart; offeree给付give; pay[ˈkauntəpɑ:t]债务debt; liability; obligation债务的偿还payment of debt债务的偿清discharge of debt债务的担保guarantee of debt债务的合并consolidation of debt [kənˈsɔlɪˈdeɪʃən]债务的给付日期debt maturity [məˈtjʊərɪti:]债务的免除exemption of debt [ɪgˈzempʃən]债的分类obligatio; obligation法定之债legal obligation任意之债voluntary obligation简单之债simple obligation选择之债alternative obligation主债prime/principal obligation[praim]从债accessory obligation[ækˈsesəri]单一之债single obligation按份之债several obligation连带之债joint obligation特定之债certain obligation种类之债indefinite obligation[inˈdefinit]合同之债contractual obligation [kənˈtræktʃu:əl]侵权行为之债tort obligation损害赔偿之债obligation of compensation for injury; obligation of damages人身损害damage to person精神损害moral/mental/spiritual damage [ˈspiritʃuəl]医药费hospital treatment expense医疗费medical charge抚恤金pension[ˈpenʃən]慰问金consolation money [ˈkɔnsəˈleɪʃən]产品瑕疵defect of product[diˈfekt]不当得利unjust enrichment无因管理voluntary service[ˈsɜːvɪs]债的担保guarantee of obligation财产担保property guarantee信用担保credit guarantee让与担保alienation guarantee [ˈeɪljəˈneɪʃən, ˈeɪli:ə-]保证guaranty明示保证express guaranty默示保证implied guaranty保证人guarantor保证合同contract of guaranty/suretyship [ˈʃuərətiʃip]保证金guaranty bond; security deposit [diˈpɔzit]押金deposit; foregift[ˈfɔ:ɡift]预付款advanced payment[ədˈvɑ:nst]定金earnest money; deposit违约金liquidated damages [ˈlɪkwɪˈdeɪt]法定违约金liquidated damages by law约定违约金liquidated damages by agreement债的履行performance of obligation实际履行原则doctrine of specific performance[ˈdɔktrin]情事变更原则doctrine of change of circumstances不当履行misfeasance[misˈfi:zəns]清偿discharge; satisfaction提存debtor’s submission of the subject matter of obligation to competent authority [səbˈmɪʃən]抵销setoff知识产权intellectual property [ˈɪntiˈlektjuəl]知识产权国际保护international protection of intellectual property国民待遇原则doctrine of national treatment 优先权原则a right of priority doctrine自动保护原则doctrine of automatic protection[ˈɔ:təˈmætik]特许权使用费royalties[ˈrɔiəlti]智力成果intellectual property著作权copyright版权copyright著作权人copyright owner创作creation作品opus; product; work著作人格权right of personality of copyright 发表权right of publication [ˈpʌbliˈkeiʃən]署名权right of authorship; [ˈɔ:θəʃip] right of paternity[pəˈtɜ:nɪti:]修改权right of modification; [ˈmɔdəfɪˈkeɪʃən]right of revision [riˈviʒən]完整性保持权right to maintain integrity [meinˈtein][inˈteɡriti]不可侵犯权inviolability[inˈvaiələˈbiləti]收回权right of recall; right of retrieval [rɪˈtri:vəl]自费出版publish a book at the author’s own expense著作财产权property right in work使用收益分享权right to share usufruct[ˈju:sju(:)frʌkt]利用权right to make use of获得报酬权right to get payment重播权right of rebroadcasting [ri:ˈbrɔ:dkɑ:st]录制权right of fixation机械复制权right of mechanograph; [ˈmekənəɡrɑ:f]right of mechanical reproduction[miˈkænikəl]著作邻接权neighboring right of copyright剽窃plagiary;[ˈple idʒjəri]plagiarism [ˈpleɪdʒəˈrɪzəm]盗版pirate[ˈpaiərit]盗版VCD pirated VCD伪造forge[fɔ:dʒ]工业产权industrial property[inˈdʌstriəl]专利权patent right[ˈpætnt]优先权日priority date[praiˈɔriti]申请在先原则prior application rule[ˈpraiə] [ˈæpliˈkeiʃən]使用在先priority of use新颖性novelty[ˈnɔvəlti]创造性creativity[ˈkri:eɪˈtɪvətɪ]实用性practicability[ˈpræktikəˈbiliti]发明创造invention and creation实用新型utility model[juˈtiliti]外观设计design; industrial design发明权right of invention发现权right of discovery[disˈkʌvəri]专利申请patent application专利异议objection to a patent专利公告patent gazette[ɡəˈzet]专利续展费renewal fee of patent [rɪˈnju:əl]专利许可协议patent licensing agreement [ˈlaisəns]技术诀窍know-how专有技术know-how专利证书certificate of patent[səˈtifikeit]专利事务所patent office专利代理patent agency中华人民共和国专利局Patent Office of the People’s Republic of China商标权trademark right商标国际注册international registration of trademark[ˈredʒɪˈstreɪʃən]商品商标commodity trademark [kəˈmɔditi]服务商标service trademark驰名商标reputed trademark[rɪˈpju:tɪd]广告商标advertisement trademark [ədˈvə:tismənt]近似商标similar trademark商标评审委员会trade review and appraisal board[əˈpreizəl][bɔ:d]商标审查trademark examination商标侵权trademark infringement [ɪnˈfrɪndʒmənt]商标注册registered trademark商标公告trademark gazette注册商标使用许可licensing of registered trademark[ˈredʒɪstəd]注册商标转让assignment of registered trademark商标使用许可协议trademark licensing agreement商标事务所trademark office商标代理trademark agency婚姻、家庭、继承、收养marriage, family, inheritance, adoption婚姻法marital law; marriage law包办婚姻arranged marriage财产分割partition;[pɑ:ˈtiʃən] dismemberment of property重婚bigamy[ˈbɪgəmi:]独生子女only child法律婚legal marriage非婚生子女illegitimate child [ˈɪlɪˈdʒɪtəmɪt]夫妻共同财产community property夫妻关系conjugal relationship [ˈkɔndʒəgəl]夫妻分居divorce a mensa et thoro; divorce from bed and board复婚resumption of marriage [rɪˈzʌmpʃən]感情破裂incompatibility[ˈinkəmˈpætəˈbiliti]婚后财产公证notarization of postnuptial properties[ˈnəutəraiˈzeiʃən] [ˈpəustˈnʌpʃəl]婚姻登记marriage registration [ˈredʒɪˈstreɪʃən]婚生子女legitimate child[liˈdʒitimit]计划生育birth control结婚marry离婚divorce买卖婚姻mercenary marriage [ˈmɜ:səˈneri:]拟制血亲blood relations in fiction of law [blʌd]旁系血亲collateral relation blood relation [kəˈlætərəl]涉外婚姻marriage with foreign elements [ˈelimənt]配偶spouse[spauz]事实婚de facto marriage诉讼离婚divorce by litigation[ˈlitiˈgeiʃən]探视权visitation right[ˈviziˈteiʃən]同居cohabitation[ˈkəʊhæbɪˈteɪʃən]晚婚late marriage无效婚姻void marriage协议离婚divorce by agreement一夫一妻制monogamy[məˈnɔgəmi:]早婚early marriage直系血亲lineal descent[ˈlɪni:əl] [diˈsent]自然血亲natural blood relation收养法adoption law收养协议adoption agreement收养人adoptive parent送养人person or institution placing out a child for adoption涉外收养adoption with foreign elements继承法inheritance law; law of succession法定继承legal seccession遗嘱继承intestate succession [ɪnˈtesˈteɪt]遗赠继承succession by devise自然继承natural succession代位继承representation; [ˈreprɪzenˈteɪʃən]succession by subrogation [ˈsʌbrəˈɡeiʃən]世袭继承hereditary succession [hiˈreditəri]间接继承indirect succession[ˈɪndiˈrekt]转继承subsuccession共同继承joint succession单独继承single succession继承人heir; [ɛə] successor第二顺序继承人successor second in order 第一顺序继承人successor first in order继承参与人succession participant [pɑ:ˈtisipənt]遗产inheritance; heritage[ˈheritidʒ]遗产继承人heir to property; inheritor [inˈheritə]遗言last will and testament[ˈtestəmənt]遗书last words遗赠bequest;[bɪˈkwest] legacy; [ˈleɡəsi]devise[diˈvaiz]遗赠抚养协议legacy-support agreement会计法accounting law[əˈkaʊntɪŋ]税法tax law; taxation law[tækˈseɪʃən]反不正当竞争法anti-unfair competition law [ˈkɔmpiˈtiʃən]消费者权益保护法consumer’s interest protection law[kənˈsju:mə]产品责任法production liability law消费者权益法consumer rights and interests law公司法company law; corporate law [ˈkɔ:pərit]公司company; corporation [ˈkɔ:pəˈreiʃən]有限责任公司limited liability company股份有限公司company limited by shares无限公司unlimited company股份两合公司joint stock limited liability partnership两合公司joint liability company控股公司holding company集团公司group company合资公司joint venture company[ˈventʃə] 联营公司associated company; [ə'səuʃi,eitid]affiliated company[əˈfilieitid]国营公司state-own company国有公司state-owned company民营公司civilian-run company[siˈviljən]本国公司national/domestic company[dəˈmestik]外国公司foreign company上市公司listed company母公司parent company子公司subsidiary[səbˈsidiəri]皮包公司briefcase company; fundless company募集设立incorporation by stock floatation [fləuˈteiʃən]发起人floater;[ˈfləutə]initiator [iˈniʃieitə]公司名称name of company公司住址domicile of company出资contribution; capital subscription [səbˈskrɪpʃən]现金出资investment in cash实物出资investment in kind工业产权出资investment in industrial property right非专有技术出资investment in non-patent technology劳务出资investment in labor高新技术成果出资investment in hi-tech achievements注册资本registered capital[ˈre dʒɪstəd]实缴资本paid-in capital验资报告capital verification report [ˈverəfɪˈkeɪʃən]会计师事务所certified public accountants注册会计师certified public accountant [ˈsə:tifaid]资本三原则three doctrine of capital资本确定原则doctrine of capital determination资本维持原则doctrine of capital maintenance[ˈmeintinəns]资本不变原则doctrine of unchanging capital 最低资本额制度minimum capital system [ˈminiməm]公司章程articles of association; articles of incorporation;[ɪnˈk ɔ:pəˈreɪʃən] bylaw 公司登记incorporation; corporate registration公司存续existence of company公司合并分立merger and split of company [ˈmɜ:dʒə][split]公司并购corporate merger and acquisition [ˈækwiˈziʃən]公司管理corporate governance; company management公司法律顾问corporate counsel[ˈkaunsəl]公司整顿company rectification [ˈrektɪfɪˈkeɪʃən]公司歇业closure of business[ˈkləʊʒə]公司和解company composition [ˈkɔmpəˈziʃən]公司解散company dissolution[ˈdɪsəˈlu:ʃən]公司清算company liquidation [ˈlɪkwɪˈdeɪʃɵn]公司清理company winding-up竞业禁止non-commpete; competition prohibition[ˈprəʊəˈbɪʃən]招股章程prospectus[prəˈspektəs]股本stock capital股东shareholder股东大会shareholders’meeting股东大会决议resolution of shareholders’meeting股东大会议事规则rule of procedure of shareholders’meeting表决权voting right; right to vote董事director董事长president/chairman of the board首席执行官chief executive officer(CEO) [iɡˈzekjutiv]首席运营官chief operation officer(COO) [ˈɔpəˈreiʃən]执行董事executive director常务董事managing director董事会board of directors董事会领导下的经理负责制responsibility system of the chief executive officer under the leadership of the board of directors经理独立负责制manager independent responsibility system监事supervisor[ˈsju:pəˈvaɪzə监事会board of supervisors股share; stock普通股common stock特别股special stock资格股qualification stock优先股preferred stock劣后股inferior stock[inˈfiəriə]表决权股stock with voting power溢价股premium stock [ˈpri:miəm]折价股converting stock国家股state-owned share集体股collective share法人股corporate share企业股enterprise share个人股individual share股息dividend[ˈdividend]红股bonus stock; dividend stock[ˈbəunəs]法定公积金legal accumulation fund [əˈkju:mjəˈleɪʃən]资本公积金capital accumulation fund盈余公积金surplus accumulation fund [ˈsə:pləs]任意公积金optional accumulation fund公司犯罪corporate crime证券法securities law[siˈkjuəriti]证券发行issuance of securities证券上市list securities; float an issue[fləut]证券交易所stock exchange证券商securities dealer[ˈdi:lə]证券公司securities company证券承销商consortium of underwriters [kənˈsɔ:ti:əm,]证券承销合同underwriting contract证券经纪人securities broker披露制度disclosing system交割日closing date风险投资基金venture capital fund上海证券交易所Shanghai Stock Exchange 深圳证券交易所Shenzhen Stock Exchange 证券监督委员会securities supervision committee[ˈsju:pəˈvɪʒən][kəˈmiti]票据法law of negotiable instrument [nɪˈgəʊʃi:əbəl][ˈinstrumənt]票据notes; bills; commercial instruments商业票据bill; commercial instrument远期票据time bill; long-dated bill到期票据matured bill[məˈtjuə]即期票据sight bill记名票据bill payable to order; note to order 不记名票据bearer instrument本票promissory note[ˈprɔmisəri]支票cheque[tʃek]汇票bill of exchange发票日ticket day出票日date of draft/issue[drɑ:ft]发票地place of draft/issue票据到期日bill to mature票据金额sum of bill票面价额face value 票据出票人drawer票据持票人bill holder票据承兑人bill acceptor票据行为act on commercial paper承兑票据honor a bill票据议付negotiation [nɪˈgəʊʃi:ˈeɪʃən]拒付票据protest a bill[ˈprəutest]票据付款人drawee[drɔ:ˈi:]票据支付人payer on commercial instrument 票据收款人bill collector票据背书人endorser[ɪnˈd ɔ:sə] /indorser of a bill被背书人endorsee票据保证人bill guarantor[ˈɡærənˈtɔ:]票据被保证人bill pledgee[pleˈdʒi:] /warrantee[ˈwɔrənˈti:]再追索人renewed recourser前手remote holder后手subsequent endorser[ˈsʌbsikwənt]票据权利right of bill票据期限term of bill; tenor票据债务人debtor of commercial instrument 追索权right of recourse票据抗辩exception to bill票据丧失loss of bill票据时效prescription of exchanges [prisˈkripʃən]票据贴现discount of bill再贴现rediscount of bill恩惠期间term of benevolence [bəˈnevələns]票据代理agency for notes/bills/commercial instruments海商法maritime law[ˈmæritaim]船舶国籍证书certificate of registry; [ˈredʒɪstri:]certificate of ship’s nationality船棋国flag country[flæɡ]船舶所有权证书certificate of ship ownership船舶检验register of ship船舶保险insurance on hull[hʌl]船舶保险单hull insurance policy船舶登记证书certificate of registry船舶丈量tonnage measurement of ships [ˈtʌnɪdʒ][ˈmeʒəmənt]船舶进港费groundage[ˈɡraundidʒ]船舶抵押ship mortgage船舶租赁ship chartering[ˈtʃɑ:təriŋ]船舶转租ship subchartering船舶所有人责任限制limitation of liabilities of ship owners船舶碰撞ship collision[kəˈliʒən]船舶遇难maritime distress[disˈtres]海上灾难perils of the sea[ˈperil]海上拖航marine towage[məˈri:n] [ˈtəuidʒ]船舶扣押detention of ship船舶债权ship’s credit船级社classification society船级证书certificate of class海上留置权maritime lien船舶留置权maritime lien船舶抵押权maritime mortgage海上优先请求权priority claim to seagoing ships救助优先权priority claim to salvage [ˈsælvidʒ]共同海损优先权priority claim to general average服务优先权priority claim to service货物损害优先权priority claim to cargo damage[ˈkɑ:ɡəu]传播抵押借款和货物抵押借款优先权priority claim to ship credit and goods credit 海运合同shipping contract提单bill of lading(B/L)空舱费dead freight[freit]租船费charterage[ˈtʃɑ:təridʒ]租船合同charter-party contract of affreightment[əˈfreitmənt]期租船合同time charter-party; time CP航次租船合同voyage charter-party [ˈvɔiidʒ]定期租船合同time charter-party光船租船合同bareboat charter-party; bareboat CP[ˈbeəˈbəut]包租运输合同shipping charter-party海上旅客运输合同contract for carriage of passengers by sea远洋拖带合同contract of ocean towage [ˈəuʃən][ˈtəuidʒ]港内拖带合同contract of port towage海难救助合同salvage contract海事报告master’s protest; sea protest [ˈprəutest]海事声明书sea protest海事争议maritime dispute海事法院maritime court;; admiralty court海事诉讼程序maritime proceedings船舶碰撞案件的民事管辖权civil jurisdiction of sea collision船舶碰撞案件的刑事管辖权criminal jurisdiction of sea collision海事争议的审理hearing/trial of maritime disputes海事诉讼保全措施measures for maritime attachment海事优先请求权preferential right top maritime claim[ˈprefəˈrenʃəl]海事请求保全申请书application/petition for maritime attachment海事诉讼法律文书送达service of legal instruments in maritime action/proceedings涉外海事诉讼管辖权jurisdiction of maritime action involving for elements强制变卖被扣押船舶compulsory realization of the distrained ship[kəmˈpʌlsəri] [dɪˈstreɪn]海事仲裁程序规则rules of maritime arbitration procedure[ˈɑ:bɪˈtreɪʃən]保险法insurance law自愿保险voluntary insurance[ˈvɔləntəri]强制保险compulsory insurance商业保险commercial insurance财产保险property insurance人身保险personal insurance人寿保险life insurance健康保险health insurance意外保险accident insurance。

法律英语词汇刑法和行政法专词汇

法律英语词汇刑法和行政法专词汇

法律英语词汇:刑法和行政法专业词汇Criminal Laws and Administrative Laws帮助当事人毁灭、伪造证据罪crime of aiding a client to destroy or forge evidence绑架妇女儿童罪crime of kidnapping women and children包庇、纵容黑社会性质组织罪crime of harboring a mafia-style syndicate包庇毒品犯罪分子罪crime of harboring drug criminals报复陷害罪case of retaliation and frame-ups必要共同犯罪indispensable joint crime并科原则doctrine of cumulating punishments剥夺权利deprival of rights不能犯impossibility; unrealized offense参加恐怖活动组织罪crime of taking part in an organization engaged in terrorist activities超越管辖权excess of jurisdiction超越职权范围overstep one s authority惩办和宽大相结合combine punishment with leniency惩办少数、改造多数的原则principle of punishing the few and reforming the many惩罚措施punitive measure惩罚性制裁punitive sanction惩罚与教育相结合combination of punishment and education处以刑罚inflict punishment处以有期徒刑sentence to fixed-term imprisonment触犯break the law; violate the law抽逃出资罪crime of flight of capital contribution抽象行政行为abstract administrative act出口骗税犯罪活动criminal activities of cheating out of tax rebates inexport出售伪造发票罪crime of selling counterfeit currency出于对法律的无知from ignorance of law出于恶意from malevolence从轻处罚gie a lesser punishment从重处罚give a severer punishment单位受贿罪crime of bribe taken by a unit单一犯罪构成single constitution of crime盗伐林木罪crime of illegally chopping down trees; crime of illegally felling trees盗窃、抢夺枪支、弹药、爆炸物罪crime of stealing or seizing guns, ammunition or explosives盗窃犯theft act; larcenist渎职犯罪案件case of dereliction of duty对象不能犯object impossibility多次作案repeatedly commit crimes罚不当罪punishment does not fit the crime犯意criminal intent; mens real犯罪低龄化lowering ages of criminal offenders犯罪动机criminal motive犯罪构成constitution of a crime; constitutive elements of a crime 犯罪构成要件special constitutive elements of crime犯罪故意criminal intent; guilty intent; meas rea犯罪集团criminal gang; criminal group犯罪客观要件objective circumstances of a crime犯罪客体criminal object; object of a crime犯罪实行终了completion of a criminal act犯罪学criminology犯罪预防crime prevention犯罪中止discontinuance of crime; desistance of crime犯罪主观方面要素subjective elements of crime犯罪主体subject of crime犯罪着手initiate a crime犯罪组织criminal organization贩卖毒品罪drug offense; crime of drug trafficking防卫过当unjustifiable self-defense防卫挑拨instigation of defense; provocation of defense防卫限度limit of defense防止类似事件重演prevent the recurrence of similar incidents 妨碍公务罪crime of disrupting public service妨害公共安全罪crime of impairing public security放弃权利withdraw a claim; waive a right非法持、私藏枪支、弹药罪crime of illegally holding or hiding a firearm or ammunition非法持有毒品罪crime of illegally holding drugs非法干涉illegal intervention非法干预unlawful interference非法出售增值税专用发票罪crime of illegal selling invoice for exclusive use of VAT非法活动unlawful activities非法利益unlawful interests非法手段illegal means非强制性行政行为non-coercive form of administrative action非正式的informal; irregular非政府机关non-governmental organization非主要条件non-essential stipulation非专业的non-professional诽谤罪crime of defamation隔地犯offense of segregation by location隔时犯offense of segregation by time工具不能犯impossibility of instruments故意犯罪calculated crime; intentional crime故意杀人罪crime of intentional homicide故意伤害罪crime of willful and malicious injury 管辖:jurisdiction惯犯habitual criminal惯例custom and usage过失犯罪criminal negligence; involuntary crime; negligent crime国家赔偿案件case of state compensation国家赔偿的归责原则principle of culpability for state compensation国家赔偿的双重过错原则principle of dual faults for state compensationstate compensation law国家赔偿主体subject of state compensation国家权力机关state authority国际审判机关state judicial organs国家行政机关state administrative organs国家意志state s will国家职能function of the state国民待遇national treatment黑社会性质的犯罪集团gangland criminal syndicate; mafia-style criminal gang缓期二年执行with a two-year reprieve缓刑probate cessat executio集合犯aggregate offense; collective offense既遂犯accomplished crime继承法inheritance law继续犯continuous crime加重处罚give an aggravated punishment beyond the maximum prescribed假冒他人注册商标罪crime of counterfeiting the registered trademark of another假释parole假想防卫imaginative defense假想数罪imaginatively several crimes简单共同犯罪simple joint crime间接故意indirect intent; indirect iintentino教唆未遂attempt of solicitation劫持船只、汽车罪crime of hijacking a ship or an automobile劫持航空器罪crime of skyjacking结果犯consequential offen结果加重犯aggregated consequential offense结合犯combinative crime; integrated offense se拒不执行人院判决、裁定罪crime of refusing o execute judgments or orders of the People s Court具结悔过make a statement of repentence具体行政行为specific administrative act具体罪名concrete accusation绝对不确定法定刑absolutely indeterminate statutory punishment军人违反职责罪crimes of soldiers violating military dutie 抗税罪offense of resisting taxes客体不能犯object impossibility空白罪状blank facts about a crime滥伐林木罪crime of illegal denudation累犯recidivist; repeat offender; cumulative offense连续犯罪continuing crime量刑criterion for sentencing; sentencing criterion量刑不当criterion for sentence量刑幅度extent for discretionary action of sentencing虐待罪crime of abusing member of one s family挪用公款案case of misappropriation of public funds偶犯casual offender; casual offense情节加重犯aggravated offense by circumstances情节特别严重when the circumstances are particularly wicked情节严重、构成犯罪的when the circumstances are so serious as to constitute a crime取保候审post a bail and await trial with restricted liberty of moving扰乱公共场所秩序罪crime of disturbing order at public placescriminal law刑罚penalty; punishment刑事责任能力criminal capacityadministrative law; executive law行政administrative laws and regulations行政法学administrative jurisprudence行政解释administrative interpretation行政救济administrative remedy预防犯罪anti-crime治安管理security administration 治安条例security regulations from:。

2019年继承法(英文版)Law of Succession of the People's Republic of China

2019年继承法(英文版)Law of Succession of the People's Republic of China

2019年继承法(英文版)Law of Succession of the People'sRepublic of China正文:继承法(英文版)Law of Succession of the People's Republic of ChinaAdopted at the Third Session of the Sixth National People's Congress,promulgated by Order No. 24 of the President of the People's Republic of China on April 10, 1985, and effective as of October 1, 1985ContentsChapter I General ProvisionsChapter II Statutory SuccessionChapter III Testamentary Succession and LegacyChapter IV Disposition of the EstateChapter V Supplementary ProvisionsChapter I General ProvisionsArticle 1This Law is enacted pursuant to the provisions of the Constitution of the People's Republic of China with a view to protecting the right of citizens to inherit private property.Article 2Succession begins at the death of a citizen.Article 3Estate denotes the lawful property owned by a citizen personally at the time of his death, which consists of:(1) his income;(2) his houses, savings and articles of everyday use;(3) his forest trees, livestock and poultry;(4) his cultural objects, books and reference materials;(5) means of production lawfully owned by him;(6) his property rights pertaining to copyright and patent rights; and(7) his other lawful property.Article 4Personal benefits accruing from a contract entered into by an individual are heritable in accordance with the provisions of this Law. Contracting by an individual, if permitted by law to be continued by the successor, shall be treated in accordance with the terms of the contract.Article 5Succession shall, after its opening, be handled in accordance with the provisions of statutory succession; where a will exists, it shall be handled in accordance with testamentary succession or as legacy; where there is an agreement for legacy in return for support, the former shall be handled in accordance with the terms of the agreement.Article 6The right to inheritance or legacy of a competent person shall be exercised on his behalf by his statutory agent. The right to inheritance or legacy of a person with limited capacity shall be exercised on his behalf by his statutory agent or by such person himself after obtaining the consent of his statutory agent.Article 7A successor shall be disinherited upon his commission of any one of the following acts:(1) intentional killing of the decedent;(2) killing any other successor in fighting over the estate;(3) a serious act of abandoning or maltreating the decedent; or(4) a serious act of forging, tampering with or destroying the will.Article 8The time limit for institution of legal proceedings pertaining to disputes over the right to inheritance is two years, counting from the day the successor became or should have become aware of the violation of his right to inheritance. No legal proceedings, however, may be instituted after the expiration of a period of 20 years from the day succession began.Chapter II Statutory SuccessionArticle 9Males and females are equal in their right to inheritance.Article 10The estate of the decedent shall be inherited in the following order:First in order: spouse, children, parents.Second in order: brothers and sisters, paternal grandparents, maternal grandparents. When succession opens, the successor(s) first in order shall inherit to the exclusion of the successor(s) second in order. The successor (s) second in order shall inherit in default of any successor first in order.The “children” referred to in this Law include legitimate children,illegitimate children and adopted children, as well as step-children who supported or were supported by the decedent.The “parents” referred to in this Law include natural parents and adoptive parents, as well as step-parents who supported or were supported by the decedent.The “brothers and sisters” referred to in this Law include bloodbrothers and sisters, brothers and sisters of half blood, adopted brothers and sisters, as well as step-brothers and step-sisters who supported or were supported by the decedent.Article 11Where a decedent survived his child, the direct lineal descendants of the predeceased child inherit in subrogation. Descendants who inherit in subrogation generally shall take only the share of the estate their father or mother was entitled to.Article 12Widowed daughters-in-law or sons-in-law who have made the predominant contributions in maintaining their parents-in-law shall, in relationship to their parents-in-law, be regarded as successors first in order.Article 13Successors same in order shall, in general, inherit in equal shares. At the time of distributing the estate, due consideration shall be given to successors who are unable to work and have special financial difficulties.At the time of distributing the estate, successors who have made the predominant contributions in maintaining the decedent or have lived with the decedent may be given a larger share.At the time of distributing the estate, successors who had the ability and were in a position to maintain the decedent but failed to fulfil their duties shall be given no share or a smaller share of the estate.Successors may take unequal shares if an agreement to that effect is reached among them.Article 14An appropriate share of the estate may be given to a person, other than a successor, who depended on the support of the decedent and who neither can work nor has a source of income, or to a person, other than a successor,who was largely responsible for supporting the decedent.Article 15Questions pertaining to succession should be dealt with through consultation by and among the successors in the spirit of mutual understanding and mutual accommodation, as well as of amity and unity. The time and modefor partitioning the estate and the shares shall be decided by the successors through consultation. If no agreement is reached through consultation, they may apply to a People's Mediation Committee for mediation or institute legal proceedings in a people's court.Chapter III Testamentary Succession and LegacyArticle 16A citizen may, by means of a will made in accordance with the provisions of this Law, dispose of the property he owns and may appoint a testamentaryexecutor for the purpose. A citizen may, by making a will, designate one or more of the statutory successors to inherit his personal property.A citizen may, by making a will, donate his personal property to the state or a collective, or bequeath it to persons other than the statutory successors.Article 17A notarial will is one made by a testator through a notary agency.A testator-written will is one made in the testator's own handwriting and signed by him, specifying the date of its making.A will written on behalf of the testator shall be witnessed by two or more witnesses, of whom one writes the will, dates it and signs it along with the other witness or witnesses and with the testator.A will made in the form of a sound-recording shall be witnessed by two or more witnesses.A testator may, in an emergency situation, make a nuncupative will,which shall be witnessed by two or more witnesses. When the emergencysituation is over and if the testator is able to make a will in writing or in the form of a sound-recording, the nuncupative will he has made shall be invalidated.Article 18None of the following persons shall act as a witness of a will:(1) persons with no capacity or with limited capacity;(2) successors and legatees; or(3) persons whose interests are related to those of the successors and legatees.Article 19Reservation of a necessary portion of an estate shall be made in a willfor a successor who neither can work nor has a source of income.Article 20A testator may revoke or alter a will he previously made.Where several wills that have been made conflict with one another in content, the last one shall prevail.A notarial will may not be revoked or altered by a testator-written will,a will written on behalf of the testator, a will in the form of a sound-recording or a nuncupative will.Article 21Where there are obligations attached to testamentary succession or legacy,the successor or legatee shall perform them. Anyone who fails to perform the obligations without proper reasons may, upon request by a relevantorganization or individual, entail nullification of his right to inheritance by a people's court.Article 22Wills made by persons with no capacity or with limited capacity shall be void. Wills shall manifest the genuine intention of the testators; those made under duress or as a result of fraud shall be void.Forged wills shall be void.Where a will has been tampered with, the affected parts of it shall be void.Chapter IV Disposition of the EstateArticle 23After the opening of succession, a successor who has knowledge of the death should promptly notify the other successors and the testamentary executor. If one of the successors knows about the death or if there is no way to make the notification, the organization to which the decedent belonged before his death or the residents' committee or villagers' committee at his place of residence shall make the notification.Article 24Anyone who has in his possession the property of the decedent shall take good care of such property and no one is allowed to misappropriate it or contend for it.A successor who, after the opening of succession, disclaims inheritance should make known his decision before the disposition of the estate. In the absence of such an indication, he is deemed to have accepted the inheritance.A legatee should, within two months from the time he learns of the legacy,make known whether he accepts it or disclaims it. In the absence of such an indication within the specified period, he is deemed to have disclaimed the legacy.Article 26If a decedent's estate is partitioned, half of the joint propertyacquired by the spouses in the course of their matrimonial life shall, unless otherwise agreed upon, be first allotted to the surviving spouse as his orher own property; the remainder shall constitute the decedent's estate.If the decedent's estate is a component part of the common property of his family, that portion of the property belonging to the other members of the family shall first be separated at the time of the partitioning of thedecedent's estate.Article 27Under any of the following circumstances, the part of the estate affected shall be dealt with in accordance with statutory succession:(1) where inheritance is disclaimed by a testamentary successor or the legacy is disclaimed by a legatee;(2) where a testamentary successor is disinherited;(3) where a testamentary successor or legatee predeceases the testator;(4) where an invalidated portion of the will involves part of the estate;or(5) where no disposition is made under the will for part of the estate.Article 28At the time of the partitioning of the estate, reservation shall be made for the share of an unborn child. The share reserved shall, if the baby is stillborn, be dealt with in accordance with statutory succession.The partitioning of a decedent's estate shall be conducted in a way beneficial to the requirements of production and livelihood; it shall not diminish the usefulness of the estate.If the estate is unsuitable for partitioning, it may be disposed of by such means as price evaluation, appropriate compensation or co-ownership.Article 30A surviving spouse who remarries is entitled to dispose of the property he or she has inherited, subject to no interference by any other person.Article 31A citizen may enter into a legacy-support agreement with a person who, in accordance with the agreement, assumes the duty to support the former in his or her lifetime and attends to his or her interment after death, in returnfor the right to legacy. A citizen may enter into a legacy-support agreement with an organization under collective ownership which, in accordance with the agreement, assumes the duty to support the former in his or her lifetime and attends to his or her interment after death, in return for the right to legacy.Article 32An estate which is left with neither a successor nor a legatee shall belong to the state or, where the decedent was a member of an organization under collective ownership before his or her death, to such an organization.Article 33The successor to an estate shall pay all taxes and debts payable by the decedent according to law, up to the actual value of such estate, unless the successor pays voluntarily in excess of the limit.The successor who disclaims inheritance assumes no responsibility for the payment of taxes and debts payable by the decedent according to law.Article 34The carrying out of a legacy shall not affect the payment of taxes and debts payable by the legator according to law.Chapter V Supplementary ProvisionsArticle 35The people's congress of a national autonomous area may, in accordancewith the principles of this Law and the actual practices of the localnationality or nationalities with regard to property inheritance, enact adaptive or supplementary provisions. Provisions made by autonomous regions shall be reported to the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress for the record. Provisions made by autonomous prefectures or autonomouscounties shall become effective after being reported to and approved by the standing committee of the people's congress of the relevant province or autonomous region and shall be reported to the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress for the record.Article 36For inheritance by a Chinese citizen of an estate outside the People's Republic of China or of an estate of a foreigner within the People's Republicof China, the law of the place of domicile of the decedent shall apply in the case of movable property; in the case of immovable property, the law of the place where the property is located shall apply. For inheritance by aforeigner of an estate within the People's Republic of China or of an estateof a Chinese citizen outside the People's Republic of China, the law of the place of domicile of the decedent shall apply in the case of movable property;in the case of immovable property, the law of the place where the property is located shall apply. Where treaties or agreements exist between the People's Republic of China and foreign countries, matters of inheritance shall be handled in accordance with such treaties or agreements.Article 37This Law shall go into effect as of October 1, 1985.(转自中国律师网)。

法律英语:继承法(二)

法律英语:继承法(二)

第二章法定继承Chapter II Statutory Succession第九条继承权男女平等。

Article 9 Males and females are equal in their right to inheritance.第十条遗产按照下列顺序继承:Article 10 The estate of the decedent shall be inherited in the following order:第一顺序:配偶、子女、父母。

First in order: spouse1, children, parents.第二顺序:兄弟姐妹、祖父母、外祖父母。

Second in order: brothers and sisters, paternal2 grandparents, maternal3 grandparents.继承开始后,由第一顺序继承人继承,第二顺序继承人不继承。

没有第一顺序继承人继承的,由第二顺序继承人继承。

When succession opens, the successor(s) first in order shall inherit to the exclusion4 of the successor(s) second in order. The successor(s) second in order shall inherit in default of any successor first in order.本法所说的子女,包括婚生子女、非婚生子女、养子女和有扶养关系的继子女。

The "children" referred to in this Law include legitimate5 children, illegitimate children and adopted children, as well as step-children who supported or were supported by the decedent.本法所说的父母,包括生父母、养父母和有扶养关系的继父母。

法律英语词汇大全(完美版)

法律英语词汇大全(完美版)

法律英语词汇大全(完美版)一、基本法律词汇1. 法律(Law):国家制定或认可的,用以规范社会成员行为、调整社会关系的规范总称。

2. 法规(Regulation):国家行政机关根据法律制定的具有普遍约束力的规范性文件。

3. 条款(Clause):法律、合同等文件中的具体规定。

4. 判决(Judgment):法院对案件审理后作出的结论性意见。

5. 律师(Lawyer):依法取得执业资格,为社会提供法律服务的专业人员。

6. 诉讼(Lawsuit):当事人依法向法院提起的请求保护自己合法权益的程序。

二、刑法相关词汇1. 犯罪(Crime):违反刑法规定,危害社会,依法应受刑罚处罚的行为。

2. 罪名(Charge):对犯罪嫌疑人指控的具体犯罪名称。

3. 刑罚(Punishment):国家对犯罪分子实行的一种强制措施,包括主刑和附加刑。

4. 刑事责任(Criminal Responsibility):犯罪分子因其犯罪行为所应承担的法律责任。

5. 量刑(Sentencing):法院根据犯罪分子的犯罪事实、情节和悔罪表现,依法决定刑罚的种类和幅度。

三、民法相关词汇1. 合同(Contract):当事人之间设立、变更、终止民事法律关系的协议。

2. 权利(Right):法律赋予当事人实现某种利益的可能性。

3. 义务(Obligation):当事人依法应承担的责任。

4. 赔偿(Compensation):因侵权行为给他人造成损失,依法应承担的经济补偿责任。

5. 继承(Inheritance):继承人依法取得被继承人遗产的法律制度。

四、商法相关词汇1. 公司(Company):依法设立的,以营利为目的的企业法人。

2. 股东(Shareholder):持有公司股份,享有公司权益和承担公司风险的人。

3. 破产(Bankruptcy):债务人因不能清偿到期债务,经法院宣告破产,对其财产进行清算的法律程序。

4. 票据(Bill):具有一定格式,载明一定金额,由出票人签发,无条件支付给持票人或指定人的有价证券。

法律英语:继承法(四)

法律英语:继承法(四)

第四章遗产的处理Chapter IV Disposition1 of the Estate第二十三条继承开始后,知道被继承人死亡的继承人应当及时通知其他继承人和遗嘱执行人。

继承人中无人知道被继承人死亡或者知道被继承人死亡而不能通知的,由被继承人生前所在单位或者住所地的居民委员会、村民委员会负责通知。

Article 23 After the opening of succession, a successor who has knowledge of the death should promptly2 notify the other successors and the testamentary executor. If one of the successors knows about the death or if there is no way to make the notification, the organization to which the decedent belonged before his death or the residents' committee or villagers' committee at his place of residence shall make the notification.第二十四条存有遗产的人,应当妥善保管遗产,任何人不得侵吞或者争抢。

Article 24 Anyone who has in his possession the property of the decedent shall take good care of such property and no one is allowed to misappropriate it or contend for it.第二十五条继承开始后,继承人放弃继承的,应当在遗产处理前,作出放弃继承的表示。

继承法概述普法讲座ppt课件

继承法概述普法讲座ppt课件
继承Inheritance law 法
授 课 人
1
目录 CONTENTS
0 继承法的概念和基本原则 1
0
法定继承
2
0
遗嘱继承和遗赠
3
0
遗产的处理
4
2
继承法
Inheritance law
何为
继 承
A 一般概念: ①依法承受(死者的遗产等):~ 权|~人。②泛指把前人的作风、文化、知识等
B
接受过来:~优良传统|~文化遗产。③后人继 法续律做概前念人:遗公留民下死来亡的后事依业法:或~依先其烈生的前遗所业立。 的合法遗嘱,将其遗留的个人合法财产和其
3.遗嘱不得取消或减少缺乏劳动能力又 没有生活来源的继承人以及未出生的胎
儿对遗产应继承的份额 4.遗嘱人必须按照法律规定的程序和 方式立遗嘱,遗嘱的内容必须合法
13
遗嘱的形式
遗嘱继 承
公证遗 嘱
自书遗 嘱
代书遗 嘱
录音遗 嘱
口头遗 嘱
遗嘱人先 后立了数 份内容相 抵触的遗 嘱,应以 最后一份 遗嘱为准。 自书、代 书、录音 和口头遗 嘱,都不 得变更、 撤销公证 遗嘱。
对被继承人生活提供了主要经济来源,或 在劳务等方面给予了主要扶助的,应当认 定其尽了主要赡养义务或主要扶养义务。
法定继承的范围和 顺序:
11
代位继承
代位继承是指被继承人的子女 先于被继承人死亡,由被继承 人子女的晚辈直系血亲代替继 承被继承人的子女应继承的遗
产。
转继承
转继承是指被继承人死亡后,继 承人还没有来得及接受遗产就死 亡,他所应继承的遗产份额转归
14
遗 赠
遗赠:公民以遗嘱方式将其遗产的一 部分或全部赠给国家、集体组织、社 会团体或者法定继承人之外的人,并

Law_of_Succession_of_the_People's_Republic_of_China-继承法

Law_of_Succession_of_the_People's_Republic_of_China-继承法

中华⼈民共和国继承法Law of Succession of the People's Republic ofChina发文日期: 1985-04-10Promulgation date: 1985-04-10地域: 全国Effective region: NATIONAL颁布机关: 全国⼈民代表⼤会Promulgator: Standing Committee of the National People'sCongress文号: 主席令[1985]第24号Document no: Order of the President of the People' Republic ofChina[1985] No. 24时效性: 现行有效Effectiveness: Effective生效日期: 1985-10-01Effective date: 1985-10-01所属分类: 继承 ( 民法->继承 ) Category: Inheritance ( Civil Law->Inheritance )中华⼈民共和国继承法Law of Succession of the People' Republic of China中华⼈民共和国主席令[1985]第24号Order of the President of the People' Republic of China[1985] No. 241985年4月10日April 10, 1985目录 第⼀章 总则 第⼆章 法定继承 第三章 遗嘱继承和遗赠 第四章 遗产的处理 第五章 附则ContentsChapter I General ProvisionsChapter II Statutory SuccessionChapter III Testamentary Succession and Legacies Chapter IV Disposition of EstatesChapter V Supplementary Provisions 第⼀章 总则Chapter I General Provisions 第⼀条 根据《中华⼈民共和国宪法》规定,为保护公民的私有财产的继承权,制定本法。

《继承法》中英文对照

《继承法》中英文对照

---------------------------------------------------------------最新资料推荐------------------------------------------------------《继承法》中英文对照Law of Succession of The People’s Republic of China (Adopted at the ThirdtheSixth National People’s Congressandpromulgated by Orderof the President of the People’sRepublicofChina10,1985, and effective as of October 1, 1985) SessionofNo.24 onApril(一九八五年四月十日第六届全国人民代表大会第三次会议通过,自 1985 年 10 月 1 日起施行) CONTENTS 目录 CHAPTER I GENERAL PROVISIONS 第一章总则 CHAPTER SUCCESSION II STATUTORY 第二章法定继承 CHAPTER III TESTAMENTARY SUCCESSION AND LEGACY 第三章遗嘱继承和遗赠CHAPTER IV DISPOSITION OF THE ESTATE 第四章遗产的处理CHAPTER V SUPPLEMENTARY PROVISIONS 第五章附则 CHAPTER I GENERAL PROVISIONS 第一章总则Article 1.pursuantConstitution ofRepublic of China with a view to protecting the right of citizens to inherit private property. ThistoLawisenactedthe provisions ofthethePe ople’s第一条根据《中华人民共和国宪法》规定,为保护公民的私有财产的继承权,制定本法。

法律英语法律术语

法律英语法律术语

法律英语法律术语1、TWO MAIN LEGAL FAMILIESCommon/English/English-American Law (Legal) System/Family普通法系- case law system- Anglo-Saxon case-law system- Anglo-American legal systemContinental/Roman/Civil Law (Legal) System/Family⼤陆法系- civilian legal system- civil-law system2、civil law民法、国内法、罗马法、⼤陆法3、substantive Law(实体法)VS procedural Law(程序法)4、case law(案例法)vs. statutory law(成⽂法)statutory / written / codified / enacted law制定法、成⽂法5、adversary trial system(对抗制)vs. inquisitorial system (纠问制)6、jury trial system陪审团制度7、The reports of the United States Supreme Court联邦最⾼法院判例汇编The reports of some States州法院判例汇编8、legal cases法律案例9、private law and / vs. public law10、the statutory law continues to be subject to binding interpretation through case law(其成⽂法继续适⽤通过判例法(注:即先例)进⾏的有约束⼒的解释)11、Common law (in narrow sense):- common general law- local law- itinerant judges of the English royal court- enforcement of a claim- special form of action: writ- classical Roman law- Provisions of Oxford (1258)⽜津条例- “writ upon the case”本案令状12、enforcement 强制执⾏;claim 请求;action 诉讼⾏为;writ 法院令状;recourse 追索权;追索,追偿13、Equity law衡平法- “ equity ”——doing equity- chancellor- relief 救济- judiciary- Court of Chancery (衡平法院)and / vs. ordinary common law courts-maxim- fixed, inflexible- equitable doctrines (e.g. law of salvage at sea)- In a conflict between law & equity,equity should prevail.14、awardcompensatory, compensatedamagesspecific performance特定履⾏|实际履⾏injunction强制令real/immoveable property(不动产)and / vs. personal/moveable property (动产)15、c ommon law remedy/relief:普通法救济- (compensatory) damages⾦钱赔偿16、e quity/equitable remedies/relief:衡平法救济- injunction ( a temporary or final order to do or not to do a specific act)强制令- specific performance (a party to an agreement is ordered by the court to perform his obligations according to the terms of the agreement)- restitution17、judicialexpress (明⽰)vs. implied (默⽰)provision, providejurisdiction 管辖区域,法域; (司法)管辖权civil suit民事诉讼titlethe law of property财产法before the judge在法庭上17、a pply/applicable/available适⽤于be subject to受。

SuccessionLaw:继承法

SuccessionLaw:继承法

LexisNexis ® Practical GuidanceFast, easy, trusted. It’s smart guidance for the real lawyer./practicalguidance®Practical Guidance is your everyday tool for essential online legal research.Practical Guidance cuts down research time for your succession law practice by providing all the legal tools you need in one place. Handy guidance notes, overviews, cases, legislation, precedents, forms and checklists are provided to help you access the required information faster and more easily.This comprehensive module covers eight topics, including: wills, will drafting, capacity to sign, grant of probate, letters of administration, claims against the estate, estate administration, contested proceedings and resources related to other jurisdictions.Simplify your daily practice with Practical Guidance — Succession Law.Alison GilbertBrookfields Lawyers Senior Associate123456789Discover LexisNexis Practical Guidance – Succession LawThe intuitive search features, combined with easy links to deeper LexisNexis NZ research, regularcontent updates and quick links to relevant external sites will save you time and streamline your research process.Your homepage is designed by practice area, so you will see all succession law tools in one place. By subscribing to multiple modules packaged into affordable collections, you’ll have quick and easyaccess on the homepage to your other practice areas.What’s included?/practicalguidance/succession1Browse TopicsThe content within Practical Guidance is organised by topic. Simply select the topic relating to the matter that you are working on and you will be presented with a page that provides you with all the key information you need to get started.2SearchThe search function allows you to search and find information across your practice area. You can conduct a broad text search or limit your search to a particular type of content, such as cases or precedents.3ChecklistsChecklists walk you through a matter so you never miss a step when completing procedural work. The checklists can be downloaded and saved to your computer for convenience.4PrecedentsWritten by our expert authors specifically for Practical Guidance and sourced from LexisNexis flagship products, the precedents in Practical Guidance are regularly reviewed and updated to ensure comprehensiveness, accuracy and currency.5What’s New and Latest Legal UpdatesThis feature keeps you informed of developments in your area of practice. This section highlights updates to the content within Practical Guidance. You can also subscribe to receive this information in a weekly email alert which includes news and recent case updates.6Recently Viewed DocumentsThis feature allows you to easily refer back to documents you’ve viewed recently. This is especially useful when you use the same documents on a regular basis.7OverviewThe overview tab provides access to a clear and concise introduction to,and summary of each topic, allowing you to find the information you need quickly and reducing the time ittakes to browse through information.8GuidanceThe guidance tab provides more in-depth practical commentary on the issue, while allowing you to link to all Practical Guidance content types,including cases, legislation, forms,precedents and checklists.9CommentaryThe commentary tab provides access to other sources ofcommentary on our online legal research platform, LexisNexis NZ.• 8 topics• 14 subtopics with overviews • 43 guidance notes• 12 checklists • 64 precedents • 80 excerptsWhat topics are covered?• Will drafting • Capacity to sign • Grant of probate• Letters of administration • Claims against the estate • Estate administration • Contested proceedings •Other jurisdictionsThe selected topics provide quick access to the core information that you need to practice in succession law. Our online services are updated constantly so you can be sure you always have access to the most up-to-date information. What sources are referenced?• Wills and Succession (NZ)• Law of Trusts (NZ)• Family Law Service• Fisher on Matrimonial and Relationship Property • All England Law Reports• New Zealand Forms and Precedents • New Zealand Law Reports•New Zealand Family Law ReportsFor more information or to register for a free trial and demonstration, visit /practicalguidance or call 0800 800 986.© 2014 LexisNexis NZ Limited. LexisNexis and the Knowledge Burst logo are registered trademarks of Reed Elsevier Properties Inc., and used under licence.• District Court Reports• New Zealand Administrative Reports• Unreported Judgments • New Zealand Statutes • New Zealand Regulations • The Laws of New ZealandAuthor Firms:The Advisor for the Succession Law module is Alison Gilbert of Brookfields Lawyers. Alison is a respected expert in the field of succession law and is the chair of the New Zealand branch of the Society of Trust and Estate Practitioners.C C 052014B R“A will is the one document every client needs. Unfortunately the importance of a well structured will, particularly in these times of complex family relationships, is often overlooked in favour of more commercial aspects of law. I am therefore pleased to be involved in LexisNexis Practical Guidance – Succession Law. This module provides practical tips, with links to relevant statutes and cases, to assist practitioners in guiding clients through the process of executing a will.”Alison Gilbert, Special Counsel, Brookfields Lawyers and Author of Practical Guidance – Succession Law®。

英国继承法

英国继承法

英国继承法
英国继承法是英国法律体系中的一部分,主要规定了财产继承的规则和程序。

根据英国法律,继承顺序主要遵循两个原则:首先,配偶和亲属的继承权优于非亲属。

其次,如果没有遗嘱,财产将按照下述方式分配:如果配偶还活着,则配偶将继承全部遗产的第一£250,000部分,其余部分将平分给配偶和子女,或者如果没有子女,则全部留给配偶。

如果配偶已经去世,则全部继承权将转交给子女,或将被平均分给已故子女的子女。

如果没有亲属,则财产将被转交给政府。

这是因为英国政府规定了“Bona Vacantia” (即“无人拥有的财产”)政策。

这一政策规定,如果人们没有任何亲属或遗嘱,则财产将被转交给政府。

继承法关于遗产继承法律流程

继承法关于遗产继承法律流程

继承法关于遗产继承法律流程Inheritance law is a legal process that determines how a person's assets and property are distributed after their death. 遗产继承法是确定一个人在死后其财产和资产如何分配的法律程序。

It is designed to ensure that the deceased person's wishes are carried out and that their family members are provided for. 它旨在确保逝者的意愿得以执行,并为他们的家人提供保障。

In many countries, inheritance law is based on a system of rules that dictate who will inherit and how much they will receive. 在许多国家,遗产继承法基于一套规则系统,规定了谁将会继承以及他们将会得到多少的财产。

These rules can vary widely depending on the country, and in some cases, even the region within the country. 这些规则根据国家的不同而有很大的差异,有时甚至会根据国内的地区而有所不同。

One of the key aspects of inheritance law is the concept of intestacy, which refers to the situation where a person dies without a valid will. 遗产继承法的一个关键方面是无遗嘱继承的概念,这指的是一个人在没有有效遗嘱的情况下去世。

法律英语:继承法(一)

法律英语:继承法(一)

中华人民共和国继承法LAW OF SUCCESSION OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA第一章总则Chapter I General Provisions第一条根据《中华人民共和国宪法》规定,为保护公民的私有财产的继承权,制定本法。

Article 1 This Law is enacted1 pursuant to the provisions of the Constitution of the People's Republic of China with a view to protecting the right of citizens to inherit private property.第二条继承从被继承人死亡时开始。

Article 2 Succession begins at the death of a citizen.第三条遗产是公民死亡时遗留的个人合法财产,包括:Article 3 Estate denotes the lawful2 property owned by a citizen personally at the time of his death, which consists of:(一)公民的收入;(1) his income;(二)公民的房屋、储蓄和生活用品;(2) his houses, savings3 and articles of everyday use;(三)公民的林木、牲畜和家禽;(3) his forest trees, livestock4 and poultry5;(四)公民的文物、图书资料;(4) his cultural objects, books and reference materials;(五)法律允许公民所有的生产资料;(5) means of production lawfully6 owned by him;(六)公民的著作权、专利权中的财产权利;(6) his property rights pertaining7 to copyright and patent rights;(七)公民的其他合法财产。

华东政法大学《法律英语》之“继承法”译文

华东政法大学《法律英语》之“继承法”译文

继承法继承法明确了人死之后其个人财产的发生之变化,另外,个人为了把遗产分配给其他人或其他组织会采取一定行为,而它也规范了这些行为。

继承法也包括了继承人的权利,该继承人可以是唯一受益人,也可以是受益人之一,也可以被排除在受益人范围之外。

在最近的法律实践当中,继承法处理死者配偶,子女,甚者一些案子中其父母的法定继承。

继承的程序由法律决定,它的内容是那些遗产会发生哪些变化,和一个特定的个体如何成为死者的继承人。

继承法同时解释了继承人的权利和义务。

这里需要特别说明的是,能够被继承的不仅仅是财产,还有债务。

继承法单独阐明了一份遗嘱或意愿书是如何通过法律途径公布的。

遗嘱继承受到法定继承的限制,该法律规定了立遗嘱人可以给家庭成员之外继承人的遗产限额。

继承法也规定了如果没有任何遗嘱,意愿书,或其他表明被继承人处理遗产方法的文件,其财产会如何变动。

之后,它通过对一些继承原则的运用,决定了谁将继承遗产以及继承的份额。

此外,继承法也规定了何时和用何种方式继承人可以拒绝继承,以及在何种情况下它可以被拍卖(但是这仅仅发生在被继承人死后)。

最后,最新的继承法也说明了怎样取得继承令,继承令即是某人合法取得财产之法律证明文件。

美国的无遗嘱继承如果因为某种原因被继承人死前没有制定任何的财产处理意愿,或者意愿存在但于处理财产上却无效,这种被继承人就被称为未留遗嘱的死亡者。

此种遗产将依照不动产所在地所属的那个州的继承和遗产分配法律进行分配。

这些法律不一定与被继承人曾提供的遗嘱相类似。

因为继承物是州政府准许的特权,这种继承物应当被置于法律政策之下,而且这种法律政策会随时被政府变更。

继承和遗产分配法律详尽的解释了决定继承人的严格程序。

在类似的情况中,法定继承可能更多作为民法法系的法律术语之一。

继承法规最大限度的保证和实现了有序的财产物权变动和被继承人有序处理遗产的意愿。

事实上,制定法尝试了以下两个方面:1. 在不损害公共利益的前提下通过实际可行的分配系统分配被继承人的财产;2. 按照最接近于被继承人内心真实、正式的意思表示这种方式分配遗产。

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继承法
继承法明确了人死之后其个人财产的发生之变化,另外,个人为了把遗产分配给其他人或其他组织会采取一定行为,而它也规范了这些行为。

继承法也包括了继承人的权利,该继承人可以是唯一受益人,也可以是受益人之一,也可以被排除在受益人范围之外。

在最近的法律实践当中,继承法处理死者配偶,子女,甚者一些案子中其父母的法定继承。

继承的程序由法律决定,它的内容是那些遗产会发生哪些变化,和一个特定的个体如何成为死者的继承人。

继承法同时解释了继承人的权利和义务。

这里需要特别说明的是,能够被继承的不仅仅是财产,还有债务。

继承法单独阐明了一份遗嘱或意愿书是如何通过法律途径公布的。

遗嘱继承受到法定继承的限制,该法律规定了立遗嘱人可以给家庭成员之外继承人的遗产限额。

继承法也规定了如果没有任何遗嘱,意愿书,或其他表明被继承人处理遗产方法的文件,其财产会如何变动。

之后,它通过对一些继承原则的运用,决定了谁将继承遗产以及继承的份额。

此外,继承法也规定了何时和用何种方式继承人可以拒绝继承,以及在何种情况下它可以被拍卖(但是这仅仅发生在被继承人死后)。

最后,最新的继承法也说明了怎样取得继承令,继承令即是某人合法取得财产之法律证明文件。

美国的无遗嘱继承
如果因为某种原因被继承人死前没有制定任何的财产处理意愿,或者意愿存在但于处理财产上却无效,这种被继承人就被称为未留遗嘱的死亡者。

此种遗产将依照不动产所在地所属的那个州的继承和遗产分配法律进行分配。

这些法律不一定与被继承人曾提供的遗嘱相类似。

因为继承物是州政府准许的特权,这种继承物应当被置于法律政策之下,而且这种法律政策会随时被政府变更。

继承和遗产分配法律详尽的解释了决定继承人的严格程序。

在类似的情况中,法定继承可能更多作为民法法系的法律术语之一。

继承法规最大限度的保证和实现了有序的财产物权变动和被继承人有序处理遗产的意愿。

事实上,制定法尝试了以下两个方面:
1. 在不损害公共利益的前提下通过实际可行的分配系统分配被继承人的财产;
2. 按照最接近于被继承人内心真实、正式的意思表示这种方式分配遗产。

通常,继承法不仅仅规定了谁能继承财产,还规定了继承的顺位和其继承份额的限度。

依据我们的土地所有制,当财产所有人死亡,其物权必须变更到他人名下。

如果没有遗嘱,被继承人的不动产物权,通过继承移转至其继承人——即那些法律规定享有他财产所有权之人。

这种对死者财产所有权的继承特权被就是继承权。

继承权一般以死者血亲为限;所以姻亲(除了未亡配偶)是不在继承序列
之内的。

有权继承未立遗嘱死者不动产的人,一般被称作“法定继承人”,而有权继承其动产这则称为“动产继承人”
继承人于无遗嘱死者死亡那天开始继承其份额。

如果他们当中有人死亡,那么他们的权利并不会丧失,而是转化为其财产的一部分.
制定法程式规定继承第一顺位是死者未亡配偶和子女,未亡配偶会得到三分之一到一半的财产,此种份额随被继承人子女状况而变化:如果死者没有子女,未亡配偶会得到更大的一份遗产(在某些州甚至可以获得全部遗产)。

当然,已离婚的配偶是被排除在外的。

未亡子女包括了死者的子女,孙子孙女曾孙曾孙女以及一切直系血亲,未亡子女继承人也包括了无遗嘱被继承人死后出生的孩子。

在很多辖区,养子与未亡子女的继承方式相同,而且,一些州也规定了非婚生子女可以继承其母的财产。

如果没有继承人,那么法律通常规定死者的长辈继承其财产。

这种法律意义上的上辈包括父母,祖父母和曾祖父母。

继承的下一顺位是旁系血亲继承人,依次是兄妹,侄子侄女,叔叔阿姨和堂兄堂妹。

如果所有继承人都无法继承,那么经过一段时间后,死者遗产将归其所在州所有。

如果所有的继承人和死者的密切程度都相同,他们应当平分其遗产。

比方说,有三个孩子,那么他们每人继承遗产的三分之一,这种分配方式被称作平均分配。

如果死者还有孙子孙女,那么他们将继承不到任何遗产,因为第一顺位继承人完整无缺而且对他们有优先权。

但是,如果那三个孩子之一死亡,而他又留下了两个孩子,那么继承方式就会发生变化了,被继承人的两个儿子分别的道财产的三分之一,而那两个孩子会分别得到六分之一。

孙子孙女只会继承其父母应得的那部分遗产。

这就是家族继承,一些州允许孙子孙女对父母继承权适用平均继承原则。

法定继承只在一些特定的情况下被撤销,总体上看,只有当法定继承人不适格时才会被撤销,仅仅因为子女不按父母的某些要求行事是不能撤销法定继承的。

继承之不适格是说继承人被继承人实施了某种程度的犯罪。

美国的遗嘱继承
如果死者在死前留下了医院,那么就说他立了遗嘱,这种继承也被叫做遗嘱继承。

按照我们的财产法律体系,公民有权处分其生前财产。

只要死者的遗嘱符合州法律的各项规定,财产所有人即可任意处分其遗产。

遗赠之效力通常包括了财产所有人生前各种可支配财产,而且,立遗嘱人可以任意撤销,消灭或取消其遗嘱,因为它在行为人死前没有任何效力——没有不可撤销的遗嘱。

但是,遗嘱在行为人死亡时会作为遗产处分行为立即生效。

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