机械外文文献翻译

Overall position of Agricultural Mechanization inTurkeyAgricultural equipment and machinery are the indispensable part of agricultural activities. If these instruments, which are used in various stages of production, are not used properly, there may be some problems. So, how can we use them properly ? As the proverb goes, “It is the want of care that makes the field bare”. They return the money and efforts invested in them if they are maintained well.Ploughs, which were being used in our country up until recently, resemble those ploughs of the various tribes that lived in Anatolia long time ago. It is because one society gets use of societies that lived before. Some of the black ploughs that were being used up until recently resemble the ploughs that had been used in the ancient Rome.The first agricultural school was established in the Ottoman Empire in 1846. The first domestic heavy ploughs was manufactured i n Izmir 90 years ago, and tractor was introduced 80 years ago. However, it was only the foundation of the Republic that the tractor began to be used in agricultural activities. Agricultural mobilization began with modern agricultural practices in the Atatürk Forest Farm, which was founded by the Great Atatürk. Use of modern agricultural equipment was encouraged, workshops and factories were established, and agricultural machinery was manufactured. Introduction of tractor and particularly its use in agricultural production began in 1938. In those years, tractor use in State Production Farms increased, and farmers recognized the benefits of tractor in agricultural productivity and labor. State production farms became places which clearly showed the importance of agricultural mechanization.Agricultural mechanization is a production technology which enables the appropriate use of energy and equipment required for high production in agricultural area.Warehousing, transporting and marketing the products have become faster and more economic with the help of agricultural mechanization.Tractor is the basic equipment that enables the use of other agricultural equipment. These equipment items are also produced in Turkey. As tractor and other mechanization equipment are expensive, they should be used in a way to achieve the highest productivity and managed by informed and efficient people.Agricultural production in Turkey is Cereal-BasedAgricultural production in Turkey is cereal-based. There are serious nutrition problems in more than the half of the developing countries. Every year, millions of people die of hunger. For this reason, agricultural production is highly important. Turkey is out of it’s available planting areas. They do not have any new places left for plantation. The only thing they can do is to increase productivity. In order to increase productivity, they need to use some imputs. The only way to increase these inputs such as fertilizers, chemicals, irrigation and high quality seedling is agricultural mechanization. It is achieved through ploughing the soil in the right time, planting with a particular plantation row and particular distance in order to utilize equally from all parts of soil, applying chemicals and fertilizers at the requested time and amount, harvesting in a short period and without loss of any grains, and storing the product.Necessary support is given to Turkey’s companiesAgricultural mechanization tools are expensive. However, if they are maintained well and used economically, they return their cost. State provides some opportunities such as low-interest rates for the procurement of Agricultural Mechanization Machineries. The equipment and machinery, which can be purchased with credits, are examined by the units established by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs to be approved for the agricultural technique. In these institutions, all kinds of tools and machinery, including tractors, go under various tests. It is determined if these machines are appropriate for Turkey’s environment. Necessary support is given to Turkey’s companies and farmers in order to remove the deficiencies determined.As for the maintenance of these equipment and machinery, it is a great chance that via the improvement of technology, Turkey’s producers are provided withopportunities that will help them in agricultural activities. According to researches,if the maintenance of a machine is done right and on time, purchasing cost decreased by 1/5.农业机械化在土耳其的整体地位农业设备和机械在农业活动中是不可或缺的组成部分。