3.7 比较句的翻译(4学时week9)
翻译训练：比较结构的翻译技巧
翻译训练：比较结构的翻译技巧英语中的比较句式建构庞大，复杂多变，往往差之毫厘，谬以千里。
它包括比较级，强化式比较，否定式比较，选择式比较，递增或递减式比较。
一、比较级(comparative degree)在比较级中，有超越、相等、差逊三个级别。
1. 超越(superiority)（1）better than: 胜过，优于Doing is better than saying.（百说不如一做。
）(2)more than + 从句。
多余，超过She has talked more than what is necessary.(她说了一些多余的话)（3）“than +关系代词”的从句。
再……不过。
He is a scholar than whom no man ever will be more honest.（他是个再诚实不过的学者了。
）（4）superior to ：占优势，比……胜一筹。
He is superior to his elder brother.(他比他哥哥强)2. 相等(equality)(1) as …as. 如……一样。
As busy as a bee. ( 忙得不可开交)(2) as well as 。
既……又，和……一样。
Pompey, as well as Caesar, was a great man.(像恺撒一样，庞培也是一位伟人。
)(3) the same as…. 像……一样。
The same as the past. (一如从前。
)(4) such/ so…as. 像……一样。
Such a great poet as Homer was proficient not just in literature but also in history .(像荷马那样的诗人，不仅要精通文学，还要精通历史。
)(5) no sooner than.. 一……就（几乎同时，夸张用法）。
英汉句子比较与翻译
01
傅雷：东方人与西方人的思维方式有基本分歧，我人重综合，重归纳，重暗示，重含蓄；西方人则重分析，细微曲折，挖掘唯恐不尽，描写唯恐不周。
汉语学家王力：西洋语法是硬的，没有弹性；中国语法是软的，富有弹性。……所以中国语法以达意为主。 英国人写文章往往化零为整，而中国人写文章却往往化整为零。
1
2
3
5
这个问题必须予以处理。
6
This matter must be dealt with.
7
无被动助词
1
看似主动，但在主谓关系上却有被动含义，这种语言现象在汉语中大量存在。
2
例句：
3
那里讲什么语言？
4
What language is spoken there?
5
这个任务必须按时完成。
6
This task must be fulfilled in time.
There is nothing wrong with this computer.
这台电脑没有什么毛病。
2 –ible, -able 结尾的形容词作定语，与every, the only或形容词最高级连用来修饰一个名词时，也常需后置。 The doctors have tried every way possible. 大夫们已经试过各种可能的办法了。 They had the greatest difficulty imaginable getting there in time. 为了能及时赶到那儿，他们克服了极大的困难。 It is the only wild berry edible here in this area. 它是这个地区惟一能食用的野莓。
I worked very hard on this book.
比较句比况句的翻译
比况句的翻译
• 次の日、昨夜のことが気にかかっていたので、たまたま、あの少女と同年 ぐらいの高校男性に聞いた。 • 「君たち、カンケイナイ、と言う言葉を、よく使うかい？」 • 「うん、一日に一回ぐらいを使うな。」 • 「どんなときにそういし何かしているとき、部外者 が口を出したりする場合よ。」 • 私はやっと謎が解けたような気がした。たしかに、あの少女は仲間と電話 で会話を楽しんでいたのである。その内容が大人から見れば、どんな下ら ぬもののように思えても、当人には電話で話し合う価値が、充分にあるの だろう。少女にとって、私はあきらかに「部外者」である。その部外者に話 の邪魔をされることは、不当この上ないことなのだ。
• 「ごめん」に限らない。日本人が乱発する侘びの言葉、「すみません」 にしても「申し訳ない」にしても、その意味を考えてみれば、最大級の 謝罪の表現である。にもかかわらず、日本人はこれらの言葉を慣用語と して多用し、そう言いながら、まるで自分の非を認めていない。したが って、これらの言葉は謝罪語というより、挨拶語とみなすべきだろう。
•
虽然已经是听得耳朵起茧的老话了，但对于日本人来说，最重要的问 题是“人世间”，而不是上帝。所以像以前美国文化人类学者露丝·本 尼迪克特所说的那样，日本文化被视为是面对人世间的“羞耻型文化”， 而与之相对应的西欧文化则是面对上帝的“赎罪型文化”。 • 当然，她这么规定是半个世纪以前的事，在那以后日本人的价值观 发生了很大的变化。 • 现在“羞耻”这个词已经与死词别无二致，相反现在是“寡廉鲜耻” 一词受到称道的年代。这样一来，“羞耻型文化”等词已经不说了。尽 管如此，如果从日本人的意识依然面对“人世间”的实情出发，与其说 体面，不如说日本人仍然只重视表面的文化。别人怎么看，日本人也很 无奈吧。
比较结构的翻译
• more… than (前边程度高于后边) • The girl is more shy than timid. • 这女孩是害羞而不是胆怯（着女孩与其说 胆怯不如说害羞）。 • John is more modest than he is prudent. • 与其说约翰谨慎，不如说他谦虚。
• • • •
It is not much more than noon. 刚过晌午。 You are no better than a coward. 你简直就是一个胆小鬼。
• • • • • • • • • •
She is no more fond of swimming than I am. 她和我一样不喜欢游泳。 I am no more mad than you are. 我和你都没疯。 He is no cleverer than his brother. 他和他兄弟一样 一样笨。 一样 He is no more a god than we are. 他和我们一样不是神。 You can no more swim than I can fly. 你不会游泳正如 正如我不会飞一样。 。 正如
比较级的翻译
• 1. no more than、no more…than、 、 、 not…more than、no less …than、not 、 、 less…than • A. no more than… = only 不过、仅仅 （后接数词和名词）
• His whole school education added up to no more than one year. 仅有一年 • 2) I have no more than two yuan in my pocket. 我口袋里真眼只有 只有两块钱。 只有 • 3) The gun was no longer than 18 inches.那支 枪只有 只有18英寸长。（强调短） 只有 • 4) I have taken no more than six courses this semester. 本学期我只选了六门课。 • 5) You are no more than a child.你不过还是个 小孩。
比较句式的翻译
① as…as…这个结构可以表示单纯的比较，“同……一样”； 另外，它还可以表示“既……又……” 。
比较句式（2）：等比句式
A home without love is no more a home than a body without a soul is a man. 没有爱的家不称其为家，正如没有灵魂的躯体不称其为人 一样。 Nobody with any sense expects to find the whole truth in advertisement any more than he expects a man applying for a job to describe his shortcomings and more serious faults. 有头脑的人不会指望广告里说的都是真的，同样也不会指 望求职的人会说出自己的缺点和严重过失。 ② no more than…和no more…than 这两种结构都 表示前者与后者一样，通常翻译成“……同…一样”。
比较句式（3）：差比句式
These houses are more expensive than low-income people can afford. 这些房子非常昂贵，低收入者买不起。
⑤ more than …can/could：这种结构暗含否定意义， 是一种含蓄的表达方法。
比较句式（3）：差比句式
2）等比句式 4）极比句式 6）择比句式 8）其他表达方法
比较句式（1）：不同比较句式的替换 从形式上看，英语中表示比较时有三种格式： 原级（A is as …as B），比较级（A is more than B）和最高级（A is most…），但实际上这些结构形 式可以替换使用，翻译时可以灵活处理。
比较句的解释
? A 有 B （这么/那么） （+adj./vp.）吗？
“有”和“没有”
A：姐姐很高，妹妹有姐 姐那么高吗？
B：妹妹有姐姐那么高。
180cm
?
“有”和“没有”
A：大卫有玛丽那么喜 欢唱歌吗？
B：大卫没有玛丽那么 喜欢唱歌。 大卫喜欢唱歌。 玛丽很喜欢唱歌。
“最” the most
玛丽是全班学习最好的。 北京最好的季节是秋天。 我最喜欢的就是和孩子们在一起。
Note1
Unless in special cases, the comparison of 不如 are mostly adjectives of POSITIVE meanings, such as 高、大、长、多、好、 快、亮、便宜。
我跑得不如他快。（常常用） 我跑得不如他慢。（不常常用）
A 比 B +v. 得+程度补语 A v. 得 比+B+程度补语
玛丽8：00来学校，大卫9：00来学校。 玛丽比大卫来得早。/ 大卫比玛丽来得晚。
玛丽来得比大卫早。/大卫来得比玛丽晚。
“比”
A 比 B +v. 得+程度补语 A v. 得 比+B+程度补语
他（游泳）比我游得快。 他（汉字）知道得比我多。 他（唱歌）唱得比我好。 他西班牙语说得比我流利得多。
比较句
The Structures of Comparison
要点
A 跟 B 一样/不一样 “比” A 不如 B “有” “最”
“更”
A 跟 B 一样/不一样
To indicate that A and B are similar or different in some ways.
比较句式的翻译37页PPT
60、人民的幸福是至高无个的法。— —西塞 罗
16、业余生活要有意义，不要越轨。——华盛顿 17、一个人即使已登上顶峰，也仍要自强不息。——罗素·贝克 18、最大的挑战和突破在于用人，而用人最大的突破在于信任人。——马云 19、自己活着，就是为了使别人过得更美好。——雷锋 20、要掌握书，莫被书掌握；要为生而读，莫为读而生。——布尔沃
END
比较句式翻译
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13
变体：
Air is to us as water is to fish As water is to fish, so air is to us What water is to fish, that air is to us
表示前者与后者一样，“…..同…..一样……”
This classroom is no larger than the next one
这间教室与隔壁那间一样小
The lion is no more merciful than the tiger
狮子与老虎同样残忍
比较：the lion is not more merciful than the tiger
在所有帮助过英国殖民地人民争取独立斗争欧洲人 中，最令人怀念地莫过于德。拉耶特侯爵（原级替 换为最高级）
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7
3）Nothing is more important than the signal sent to Moscow by the President’s action.
7、as much as, as much, as many 和 so many
as much as 表示“无异于”、“和….一样”、“不仅….而且”、“而”
I enjoyed the film as much as you did 我和你一样喜欢这部电影 He was greatly respected as much as his brother was despised 他非常受人尊敬，而他弟弟则受人鄙视
You may as well go to her place as let her come to your place
比较句型的翻译
比较句型的翻译
就约翰.克莱姆的年龄而论，他的个子是很矮小的。但是他的勇气和意志 却大大弥补了个子矮小的不足。 Tom’s insolence is more than I can stand.汤姆傲慢无礼，我难以忍 受。 The road was something less than smooth. 那条道路极不平坦。 Clearly new China was more beloved abroad than Chinese knew. 显然，新中国在国外受到的爱戴，有些是中国人所不知道的。
Our mother had only been able to get through third grade. But she was much brighter and smarter than we boys knew at the time.
How she managed to support her eight children after her husband died is more than I can tell. 我无法知道她丈夫去世后，她是怎么养活八个孩子的。
比较句型的翻译
His entire school education added up to no more than a year. 他所有的学校教育加起来仅一年而已。 They expect nothing more than a peaceful life. 他们企盼的只是平静的生活而已。 His work is nothing more than a drop of water in the sea. 他的工作仅沧海一粟。 The work requires more than prudence. 这件工作不单单需要小心。 My trip to Beijing was more than sightseeing. 我的北京之行不单是观光。
表示对比的英文短语
表示对比的英文短语推荐文章与什么相比的英语短语热度：对比的英语短语热度：对比的英文短语热度：表示对比的英语短语热度： 2017年网络经典好听的英文歌曲排行榜热度：有对比才有进步，我们的英语学习成绩也是如此不是吗？下面就由店铺为大家带来对比英语短语表达，大家生活中可以多用几遍，练一练语感。
比较英语过渡词语表达1、likeTo them, animals have their own right to live a natural life like human beings.2、likewiseBy this logic the soldier would call his rifle "she", and likewise the carpenter his hammer.3、in the same wayWe repaired the machine in the same way as he.4、in a like mannerThere are constitutionally allowable measures that can be enacted at the federal level to reduce ID fraud. Federal politicians, in a like manner to state ones, should consider submitting bills calling for all federal agencies to immediately cease using Social Security account numbers and birth dates as universal passwords.5、anotherAnother reason is that there is a big gap between the majors some students study in school and the demands of vacant jobs. So companies think some students are not fit for the jobs.6、equally importantAt the same time, willingness by other countries and regionsto work together with China is equally important7、besidesBesides, parents own much more life experience than us. Sometimes, they are just like our models.8、in factThere is not enough energy, in fact, in many regions of China.9、furthermoreFurthermore, they should face their weak points so as to improve themselves and be more competent.This is exact the job that I’m looking for, which is totally in line with my major, and the salary is very tempting, too.11、thenI think after you become mature enough, then you can use your sharp eyes to recognize people, find who you really suit to, then, take it seriously.12、in addition toShe speaks five foreign languages in addition to English.13、for one thingFor one thing，with the increase in car ownership in recent years，the roads are becoming more and more crowded，often making the journey to work more of a nightmare than a dream.14、moreoverMoreover, you have risk to find the bad persons when chat in chat room especially women.15、at the same timeAt the same time, they will help us to shake off our demerit.16、accordinglySo you should change your search term accordingly.17、similarlySimilarly, a country, too, needs friends.对比英语过渡词语表达1、on the contraryOn the contrary, I have only just begun.2、on the other handOn the other hand, libraries should not refuse the latest information technology, which will enable them to regain those young readers.3、despiteDespite that, the majority of mid-aged people and senior citizens uphold the importance of the traditional performance.Yet there is no consensus on the development of private cars.5、unlikeUnlike people and dogs, cats are true carnivores.6、in contrastIn contrast, science/technology/ education and art/literature/poetry books only account for 10.8 percent and 5.1 percent separately.7、converselyConversely, many people have an ordor for pop music.8、howeverHowever, without perseverance, one’s success may be more dependent on luck than anything else.9、different fromLearning a language is different from learning math.10、in spite ofIn spite of all the above mentioned, I still favor owning a car.11、althoughNow although every minute is critical for this young life, his oiperation has been delayed for lack of money.12、butBut when I went home and read it carefully, I found in surprise that a few pages were missing, what’s worse, there are too many misprints.13、whereasIn conclusion, my idea is that just as there is no distinction between high culture and low culture, so it is inappropriate to say pop music belongs to the “lower” people whereas symphonies in a higher, loftier form of music.14、whileSome believe that they can learn best by listening to the advice of others, while others believe that it is better to learn through personal experience.15、neverthelessNevertheless, as every coin has two sides, studying abroad also confronts one with a series of hardships.16、insteadInstead, they should be allowed the freedom to arrange their own vacations. Only in this way can they really relax and refresh themselves for a new round of work.各种对比英语短语表达英语中表示比较的句型复杂繁多，表现形式多种多样，往往差之毫厘，谬之千里。
三者之间的比较句子英语
三者之间的比较句子英语本文将介绍三种比较句式的英语表达方式，分别是形容词比较、副词比较和动词比较。
形容词比较：1. A is taller than B. （A比B高。
）2. This book is more interesting than that one. （这本书比那本书更有趣。
）3. The red car is faster than the blue one. （红车比蓝车更快。
）4. His handwriting is neater than mine. （他的书写比我整洁。
）5. Her dress is prettier than yours. （她的裙子比你的漂亮。
）副词比较：1. He runs faster than me. （他跑得比我快。
）2. She sings more beautifully than him. （她唱得比他更美妙。
）3. They speak English more fluently than us. （他们说英语比我们更流利。
）4. I can cook more deliciously than him. （我做饭比他更可口。
）5. She types faster than me. （她打字比我快。
）动词比较：1. He works harder than his colleagues. （他比同事们更努力工作。
）2. She studies more diligently than her classmates. （她比同学们更勤奋学习。
）3. They play basketball more skillfully than their opponents. （他们比对手更擅长打篮球。
）4. I write emails more quickly than my boss. （我比老板更快地写电子邮件。
）5. The athletes run more competitively than their rivals. （运动员比对手更具竞争力地奔跑。
2023高考英语比较结构的翻译
2023高考英语比较结构的翻译英语中，比较结构的句型复杂，表现形式多样。
翻译时，需要仔细分析，在准确理解的基础上，进行贴切的表达。
从理解与表达的角度来看，比较结构的形式是次要的，真正重要的是意义上的比较。
只要意义上表示比较，就属于比较结构。
常见的比较结构的意义很容易理解，所以也比较容易翻译，如：I am taller than him.（我比他高。
）因此，这里不再叙述常见的比较结构的翻译方法，主要介绍在意义上容易混淆的比较结构的翻译。
一as/so....as..句型1.as….as.….句型as…as..句型是同级比较，表示两者的比较程度一样。
通常翻译为“……和…一样”。
举例:My parcel is as heavy as yours. 我的包裹和你的一样重。
She is as much interested in music as ever.她和以前一样对音乐感兴趣。
The economic development in our country is as stable recently as formerly.最近，我国的经济发展和以前一样稳定。
2.not as/so….as…句型跟as…..as…句型相反的结构not as/so.as..表示两者的程度不一样，前者不如后者，所以，通常翻译为“……不如……”。
举例：My uncle is not as/so tall as your father.我叔叔不如你父亲高。
Tom is not as/so honest as he once was.汤姆现在不如过去那样诚实了。
3.not so much….as….句型not so much.…as…这个结构表示的基本意义和not as/so…as…一样，但是通常翻译为“与其说……不如说……”。
举例:He was not so much angry as disappointed.与其说他是生气，还不如说是失望了。
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2. 倍数（multiple）★
2010年以来，我厂产量增加到四倍。 The output of our factory has increased four times since 2010. The output of our factory has increased to four times since 2010. The output of our factory has increased by three times since 2010.
一个可疑的朋友比一个肯定的敌人还坏。 A doubtful friend is worse than a certain enemy.
2. 用含有差逊意义的动词或词组 Fall far short of Be unable to keep pace with Underact Fall/decrease/fall off, fall down, fall flat Lower/ bring down/ lessen
2. 用含有超越意义的动词或动词词组 (surpass, overtake, transcend, excel, exceed, go beyond, come before, etc.)
心灵美胜过外表美。 Beauty of mind excels beauty of appearance. 这还意味着，女性可能将很快超越男性，成为美国 劳动力大军的主力。 It also means that women could soon overtake men as the majority of the US labour force . 这些问题超出了语言研究的范围。 These issues transcend the limits of language study
no more...than & not more...than
no more...than用于否定两者，意为“同…… 一样不”(=neither ... nor)； no better than = as bad as，no faster than=as slow as； not more...than只强调两者的程度不同，意为 “不如”、“不及”、“并不比……更……” （意味着两者肯定） P 181 狮子与老虎同样残忍。 The lion is no more merciful than the tiger. 他并不比你勤奋。 He is not more diligent than you are.
3. 用含有差逊意义的形容词或词组 (be) inferior to
四、数的比较☆
1.
表示数的比较之差
这座高耸入云的摩天大楼比它附近的教堂尖 塔还高九英尺。 The cloud-kissing skyscraper is nine feet taller than the church spire in its vicinity. 今年小麦产量比去年多4500万吨。 This year’s yield of wheat exceeds last year’s by 45 million tons.
P 181， Examples. 7&8
Practice
这部电影和那部电影一样有趣。 This film is as interesting as that one. 你的钢笔书写起来和我的一样流畅。 Your pen writes as smoothly as mine. 这本字典不如你想象的那样有用。 This dictionary is not as/so useful as you think.
A is to B what C is to D As C is to D, so is A to B What C is to D, that A is to B
P 182-183
空气对我们来说，就如水对鱼一样重要。 Air is to us what water is to fish. As water is to fish, so is air to us. What water is to fish, that air is to us.
B. the same……as….
荷兰语与古英语同出一源。 Dutch is of the same origin as Old English. 这本书和我上周读的那本是一样的。 This is the same book as I read last week.
C. 相等程度比较且含有否定意义 (no more….than/not any more …. than, no better …. than/not any better …. than) “和….同样不….”（意味着两者均否定） 他不善于游泳，如同你不善于游泳一样。 He is no more skillful at swimming than you are. 我同她一样，都不喜欢玩扑克。 I am no more fond of playing poker than she is.
他和我都读不懂西班牙语。 He’s no more able to read Spanish than I am. 我对西班牙语和希腊语同样都不懂。 I know no more Spanish than I know Greek. no more...than并不表示比较，而是表示比喻， 含有比喻意义的比较级用于否定时，than后面的 从句不用否定式，但汉语表达要用否定式。 人不会飞翔，就像鸟不会说话一样。 A man can no more fly than a bird can speak.
Practice
他既不是画家，也不是作家。 He is no more a writer than a painter. 他并不比你更善于游泳。 He is not more skilful at swimming than you are. 我并不比他更喜欢玩扑克。 I am not more fond of playing poker than he is. 新版本并不比旧版本贵。 The new edition is not more expensive than the old one.
D. A之于B犹如C之于D A is to B what C is to D
军民关系犹如鱼水关系。 The army is to the people what fish is to water. 读书对于思想，好比运动对于身体一样。 Reading is to the mind what exercise is to the body.
no more than & not more than no less than & not less than
ຫໍສະໝຸດ There are no more than ten tickets left. 仅仅剩下十张票了。(有“票少”的含义) The experiment was done by not more than 5 persons. 做这个试验的人不超过五个。(没有“多”或 “少”的含义，只是客观地说明数目)
比较句的翻译
Translation of comparative sentences
比较句的翻译
01
02 • 一、相等 • 二、超越 • 三、差逊 • 四、数的比较
03
04
一、相等（equation )
A. as……as
在真空中，轻物体与重物体降落得一样快。 In vacuum, light bodies will fall as fast as heavy ones. 郑州是和西安同样重要的一个工业中心。 Zhengzhou is as important an industrial center as Xi’an.
二、超越(surpass)
1. 用比较级 (comparative degree ) 这任务比我想象的难。 The task is more difficult than I imagined it to be. 他在科研上取得的成就比预期的大。 The success he has achieved in scientific research is greater than expected.
你左手拉东西使的劲必须和右手使得劲一样。 You must pull as hard with your left hand as you do with your right hand.
他很伤心地看着我们，眼睛睁得跟他的祖母 一样大。 He looked at us sadly with his eyes as large as his grandmother’s.
“increase X times” “increase by X times” “increase to X times” “increase X-fold” “increase by a factor of X” 煤产量自从1982 年以来增长了两倍半。 The output of coal has increased 3. 5 times since 1982. 英国和加拿大之间的年通话总量增长了6 倍。 The annual total of telephone calls between the UK and Canada has increased seven times.
no more than的意思是“仅有”、“只不过” not more than的意思是“不多于”