chapter1-8
chapter 1-8提纲
Outline for Each ChapterChapter 1 Setting up a Business Four forms of business in a market economy:Ⅰ Sole proprietorship: ①definition:②Advantages and DisadvantagesAdvantages:1 Simple to Establish2345Disadvantages: :1 Unlimited Liability23Ⅱ Partnership: ①definition:②Advantages and DisadvantagesAdvantages: 1 Improved Access to Capital and Credit234Disadvantages: 1 Unlimited Liability23Ⅲ Corporation: ①definition:②Advantages and DisadvantagesAdvantages: 1 Limited Liability234Disadvantages: 1 Double Taxation23Ⅳ Franchising: ①definition:②Advantages and DisadvantagesAdvantages: 1 instant customer recognition2 enjoy some independence as a sole proprietor3 receive training and guidance4 less difficulty getting bank loansDisadvantages: 1 not guarantee success2 sacrifice some independenceChapter 2 MarketingⅠ The origin of Marketing:The essence of marketing —-- finding the needs of the customers and satisfying them.Ⅱ The Function of Marketing.123 Selling4 Transportation5678Ⅲ The Marketing Mix4Ps:Ⅳ Market Segmentation1 definition2 four variables in identifying market segments:Chapter 3 Products and PricingⅠ What is a Product ?convenience goodsConsumer products shopping goodsⅡ Types of Products specialty goodsIndustrial products1.Consumerproduct:________________________________________________________.2.Industrial product:Ⅲ The development of new Products1 Generating New Product Ideas2345Ⅳ Product Life Cycle1 Introduction234Ⅴ Pricing1 Pricing objectives1)2)3)Ⅵ Who sets the price?1 buyers2 supply and demandⅦ Break—Even Analysis1 definition2 formulaⅧ Pricing Strategies12345Chapter 4 Channels of DistributionⅠThree common channels of distribution:1.wholesaler:_______.2.retailer:.3.agents and brokers:1)agents:2)brokers:Examples of retailers: department stores, discount stores, supermarkets, hypermarkets, general stores, specialty stores, door-to-door sellers, mail-order shops, vending machines, virtual stores.Ⅱ The value of middlemen1.time utility2._______________3._______________4._______________5._______________Ⅲ Modes of Transportation1.Rail2._______3._______4._______5._______Chapter 5 PromotionCommon promotional tools: _____________________________________________________________________________________Product advertising1.AdvertisingInstitutional advertisingeight popular ways of advertising: ____________________________________________________________________________________________________2.Personal selling:1)_________________________________________________________2) _________________________________________________________3) _________________________________________________________4) _________________________________________________________5) _________________________________________________________6) _________________________________________________________7) _________________________________________________________3.Sales promotion4.Public Relations and Publicity5.Word of MouthChapter 6 Money and BankingⅠWhat is Money? ----- the currency of a countrycharacteristics: portability (light in weight & easy to carry)divisibility (divisible into smaller parts with a fixed value)stability (stable in v a lue)durability (stand the wear and tear)acceptability (acceptable to the public)ⅡWhat does money do?1.medium of exchange2.store of value3.unit of accountⅢTypes of MoneyCurrency1. spendable(liquid) forms of money demand deposits(可使用的类型)other ―checkable‖ deposits1)currency is mainly made up of paper money and metal coins.2)Demand deposit: People must have their money deposited in banks before they can drawchecks against it; such money is demand deposit.3)Demand deposit is also called NOW accounts(negotiable order of withdrawal).可转让提款帐户Time deposit2. unspendable forms of money money-market mutual funds(不可直接使用的类型) other itemsⅣThe Financial SystemFive Major Parts: Commercial banks / savings and loan associations / mutual savings banks / credit unions / insurance companiesmercial Banks1)taking in deposits2)making loans3)providing service in foreign exchange, letters of credit and banker’s acceptance4)issuing plastic money(credit cards)5)providing financial counseling2.Savings and Loan AssociationAccept deposits and make loans (与商业银行相似)，but the difference is most of the loans are for home mortgage.3.Mutual Savings Banks与储蓄贷款社相似，也提供住房抵押贷款。
第八章 组织
unit1 organization and organizing unit2 organization design unit3 the departmentalization of organization Unit4 the hierarchy of organization
②分工与协作相结合的原则
③精简高效的部门设计原则
Basic style of departmentalization
1. 职能部门化
把相同或相似的活动归并在一起，作为一个管理单位即为职 能部门化。是一种传统而基本的组织结构形式。
优点: 能够突出业务活动的重点，确保高层主管的权威性并使之能 有效地管理组织的基本活动，符合活动专业化的分工要求，能够 充分有效地发挥员工的才能，调动员工学习的积极性，并且简化 了培训，强化了控制，避免了重叠，最终有利于管理目标的实现
*职能分析和职位设计 *部门设计 *管理层次和管理幅度的分析与 设计 *组织决策系统的设计
*组织执行系统的设计
*横向联系和控制系统的设计 *组织的行为规范设计 *组织变革与发展的规划设计
unit2 organization design
组织设计是指 对一个组织的 结构进行规划、 构建、创新和 变革，以便从 组织上确保组 织远景目标和 工作计划的有 效实现。 *统一指挥原则 *控制幅度原则 *权责对等原则 *柔性经济原则
unit1 organization and organizing • 2. 组织工作的内容：
•组 织 运 用
组织运用就是执行组织所规定的功能，通过 开展各种管理活动使组织发挥功效，最终实 现组织的目的。
(1)制定各部门的活动目标和工作标准； (2)制定办事程序和办事规则； (3)建立检查和报告制度； (4)作好各种原始记录和信息资料的整理； (5)具体开展各种管理活动。
经济学课后作业答案1-8
《经济学》课后布置练习作业答案Chapter 1：pp19 & 20—Q4, 8, 15, 174. The manager is failing to think at the margin. Dell has lost $400,000 on the last 10,000 laptops, so their profits would have been higher if they had not produced them.8. The contractors had little incentive to deliver the Indians to Oklahoma alive. Instead, they benefited when the Indians died along the way, because they had to spend even less money on food and transportation. One way to change the incentives to lower the death rate would have been to pay the contractors more if the Indians arrived safely in Oklahoma.15. a. The central reason for outsourcing to China is that firms believe they can earn a higher profit in the process.b. Outsourcing to China isn’t risk-free. In most cases, the entrepreneur has no guarantee that the costs of outsourcing (payments to the workers plus costs of arranging things and supervising from a distance, for example) will be lower than the costs of production with domestic workers whose productivity and quality of workmanship may be much higher.17. a. and d. are microeconomic questions; b. and c. are macroeconomic questions.Chapter 2：pp57-59—Q4, 7, 11, 15, 16;4. Absolute advantage is the ability to produce more of a good or service than competitors using the same amount of resources. Comparative advantage is the ability to produce a good or service at a lower opportunity cost than other producers. It is possible to have a comparative advantage in producing a good even if someone else has an absolute advantage in producing that good (and every other good). Unless the two producers have exactly the same opportunity costs of producing two goods – the same tradeoff between the two goods –one producer will have a comparative advantage in making one of the goods and the other producer will have a comparative advantage in making the other good.7. If the federal government has a fixed budget for medical research, then the opportunity cost of funding more research on heart disease is the reduction in funding for research on other diseases. The decision should be made at the margin: to maximize the benefits fromgovernment spending on medical research, the last dollar devoted to research on heart disease should result in the same marginal benefit – less disease and fewer deaths – as the last dollar spent on research for other diseases. If the additional funding for research on heart disease comes at the expense of other non-medical research expenditures, then the opportunity cost will change, but a similar analysis should be conducted.11. a. Canada has the comparative advantage in making boots. Canada’s opportunity cost of making one boot is giving up one shirt. In the U.S., the opportunity cost of making one boot is giving up three shirts. The U.S. has the comparative advantage in making shirts. In the U.S., the opportunity cost of making one shirt is giving up one-third of a boot, bu t Canada’s opportunity cost of making one shirt is one boot.b. Neither country has an absolute advantage in making both goods. The U.S. has the absolute advantage in shirts, but Canada has the absolute advantage in boots.c. If both countries specialize in the good in which they have a comparative advantage and then trade with the other, they can both be better off. Let’s use the case in which each trades half of what it makes for half of what the other makes. The U.S. will specialize by making 12 sh irts and Canada will specialize by making 6 boots. Since each gets half of the other’s production, they both end up with 6 shirts and 3 boots. This means they are better off than before trading, since they end up with the same amount of boots, but twice as many shirts. Others trades will make them better off, as well.12. a. Neither country has a comparative advantage in either good. In both countries, the opportunity cost of one barrel of oil is one barrel of olive oil. Comparative advantage only arises if someone has a lower opportunity cost, but these two countries have the same opportunity cost.b. No, the countries can’t gain from trade. Trading across the border gives the same tradeoffs that can be made within each country.14. Yes, the United States would have benefited from importing those products where Britain had a comparative advantage.15. a. An auto purchase takes place in the product market. The household (George) demandsthe good and the firm (BMW) supplies the good.b. The labor market is a factor market. The households supply the labor and the firm demands the labor.c. This is a factor market. The household (George) supplies the factor of production (labor), while the firm (McDonald’s) demands it.d. The land market is a factor market. The household supplies the factor of production and the firm demands it.16. Adam Smith was making the ―invisible hand‖ argument that, in pursuing their self-interest, business people end up producing the goods and services most desired by consumers.Chapter 8 p259—Q3, 4, 7, 253. Absolute advantage is the ability to produce more of a good or service than competitors using the same amount of resources. Comparative advantage is the ability to produce a good or service at a lower opportunity cost than other producers. A country will often import goods in which it has an absolute advantage. For example, the U.S. could produce textiles with fewer resources than in China, but China produces these goods for the U.S. allowing it to produce other goods that are even more valuable.4. International trade increases a country’s consumption because it allows it to specialize in the goods and services which it can produce at the lowest opportunity cost and trade for goods and services for which it has a higher opportunity cost.7. Free trade probably benefits smaller countries more because without trade it would be difficult for producers in these countries to benefit from external economies and economies of scale. Also, larger more populous countries are likely to have a wider range of people with a wider range of comparative advantages, so they can gain significantly from trading among themselves, but this is less likely in smaller countries.25.Chapter 3：pp91-94—Q2, 3, 21. 22;2. a. substitutes b. complements c. complements d. probably unrelated3. a. The demand curve for Big Macs will shift to the left.b. There will be a movement down the demand curve for Big Macs.c. The demand curve for Big Macs will shift to the left (assuming that Big Macs and fries are complements).d. The demand curve for Big Macs will shift to the right.See page 71 of the textbook for graphs that shift to the right and to the left.21. a. Trueb. False (it depends on whether demand shifts more than supply)c. False (the price will definitely decrease)22.Chapter 6：pp193-194—Q2, 3, 5, 6, 192. The price elasticity = (percentage change in quantity demanded)/(percentage change in price) = –25%/10% = –2.5. This is elastic.3. In calculating the percentage change in price and quantity, the midpoint formula divides by the average of the starting and ending values.Midpoint Formula:M idpoint Formula:(Q2-Q1)Q1+Q22⎛⎝⎫⎭⎪÷(P2-P1)P1+P22⎛⎝⎫⎭⎪Percentage changes can also be calculated by using the starting or ending value without averaging, but this gives different results depending on whether the starting or ending value is used.5. The demand for most agricultural goods is inelastic. This is probably because people already have about enough to eat, so they won’t increase purchases much if the price falls.6. The most important determinant of the price elasticity of demand is usually the availability of substitutes for the product. If there are good substitutes, elasticity will be high becausepeople can switch away to another good as the product’s price rises. Other factors determining the price elasticity of demand for a product include the passage of time, whether the good is a necessity or a luxury, how narrowly the market for the good is defined, and the share of the good in the consumer’s budget.19a. The gain in revenue is $12 x 500,000 = $6,000,000.19b. Using the midpoint formula, the percentage change in price =95.33$95.27$95.39$- x 100 = 35.3%.Therefore, the percentage change in quantity demanded = –2 x 35.3% = –70.6%. So, we have:–-0.706 = ()⎪⎭⎫ ⎝⎛+-2000,500000,500Q Q ; or Q = 239,098. Revenue before the price change = $27.95 x 500,000 = $13,975,000. Revenue after the price change = $39.95 x 239,098 = $9,551,965. So, the change in revenue is $9,551,965 – 13,975,000 = –$4,423,035.Chapter 4：pp121-124—Q1, 4, 9, 191. a. 28 million cratesb. a surplus of 6 million cratesc. The apple growers will benefit. Their revenue will increase from $8 x 30,000,000 = $240,000,000 to $10 x 28,000,000 = $280,000,000.4. a. As the supply curve shifts inward from S1 to S2, consumer surplus will decrease from A +B +C +D to A.b. Producer surplus will change from E + F + G to B + E. This may be an increase or a decrease, depending on the size of B relative to F + G.c. Total surplus will fall from A + B + C + D + E + F + G to A + B + E.9. A ―blacklist‖ of ―high-risk‖ renters is more likely to exist in a city with rent control. With rent control in place, there is a shortage of apartments and each landlord has many rentershoping to get the apartment, so landlords can be very choosy about renters. If there were a list of high-risk renters in a non-rent-control city, it is likely that these renters could get an apartment by agreeing to pay a bit more than the going price, but in rent control cities it is illegal to charge more.19. a. If you are currently a renter, the law will probably make you better off, unless you are one of those whose landlord removes his apartment from the market.b. Worse off, since you’ll probably not be able to find a vacant apartment.c. Worse off.d. Better off, unless you get caught and the penalty is large.Chapter 7：pp217-218—Q1,3,9,11,131. It depends on the type of business you are entering. Incorporation has the advantage of limited liability, but the disadvantage of additional taxes. If you choose not to incorporate your choice between a sole proprietorship and a partnership will depend on whether or not you’ll gain enough by bringing in a partner and sharing control and profits with him or her. 3. You would rather own the bonds, because a firm losing money is unlikely to pay a dividend, and if the firm goes bankrupt, the bondholders are paid off before the stockholders.9. Finding someone to borrow your money may be difficult. You would then have to check out that person’s credit, write a loan agreement, and repossess the car if the borrower fails to pay back the loan. Banks specialize in these activities, you don’t.13. Because the bond can be traded a few years from now, tomorrow or even a few minutes from now, the purchasers of the bond needn’t be only very young people.。
人教新课标版高中英语模块1-8课本词汇表(excel版)
单词教材所列词性教材词义（本栏已设置自动转行）Book Unitabolish vt.废除；废止Book 7Unit 1 abolition n.废除；废止Book 7Unit 1 absence n.缺席；不在某处Book 7Unit 1 access n.（接近的）方法；通路；可接近性Book 7Unit 1accessible adj.可接近的；可进入的；可使用的Book 7Unit 1 adapt vt.使适应；改编Book 7Unit 1 adapt to适合Book 7Unit 1 adequate adj.足够的；充分的Book 7Unit 1 all in all 总而言之Book 7Unit 1all the best（口语）（祝你）一切顺利Book 7Unit 1 ambition n.雄心；野心Book 7Unit 1 ambitious adj.有雄心的；有野心的Book 7Unit 1 annoy vt.使……不悦；惹恼Book 7Unit 1 annoyance n.烦恼Book 7Unit 1 annoyed adj.颇为生气的Book 7Unit 1 approval n.赞成；认可Book 7Unit 1 architect n.建筑师Book 7Unit 1 as well as 和；也Book 7Unit 1 assistance n.协助；援助Book 7Unit 1 Barry Minto巴里.明托Book 7Unit 1 basement n.地下室Book 7Unit 1 bench n.长凳Book 7Unit 1 beneficial adj..有益的；受益的Book 7Unit 1 bowling n.保龄球Book 7Unit 1 bump vi.碰撞；撞击Book 7Unit 1 certificate n.证书Book 7Unit 1 clumsy adj.笨拙的Book 7Unit 1 community n.社区；团体；社会Book 7Unit 1 companion n.同伴；伙伴Book 7Unit 1 conduct n.行为；品行Book 7Unit 1 conduct vt.指挥；管理；主持Book 7Unit 1 congratulate vt.祝贺；庆贺Book 7Unit 1 congratulation n.祝贺；贺词Book 7Unit 1cut out切去；省略；停止（做某事）Book 7Unit 1dictation n.口授；听写（的文字）Book 7Unit 1dignity n.尊严；高贵的品质Book 7Unit 1disability n.伤残；无力；无能Book 7Unit 1 disabled adj.伤残的Book 7Unit 1 earphone n.耳机Book 7Unit 1 encouragement n.鼓励；奖励Book 7Unit 1 entry n.项目；进入；入口Book 7Unit 1 exit n.出口；离开；退场Book 7Unit 1 eyesight n.视力Book 7Unit 1 fellow adj.同伴的；同类的Book 7Unit 1 fellow n.同伴；同志；伙伴Book 7Unit 1 firm n.公司Book 7Unit 1firm adj.结实的；坚固的；坚定的Book 7Unit 1fulfilling adj.令人满意的；令人愉快的Book 7Unit 1graduation n.毕业；毕业典礼Book 7Unit 1 handy adj.方便的；有用的Book 7Unit 1 hearing n.听力；听觉Book 7Unit 1 impair vt.消弱；损伤Book 7Unit 1 in many ways 在很多方面Book 7Unit 1 in other words换句话说Book 7Unit 1 infantile paralysis 小儿麻痹Book 7Unit 1 italics n.(pl)斜体（字）Book 7Unit 1lap n.跑道的一圈；重叠部分；（人坐着时）大腿的上方Book 7Unit 1literature n.文学（作品）；著作；文献Book 7Unit 1mainstream n.主流；主要倾向Book 7Unit 1 make fun of 取笑Book 7Unit 1 Marty Fielding马蒂.菲尔丁Book 7Unit 1 meet with 遇到；经历；会晤Book 7Unit 1 microscope n.显微镜Book 7Unit 1Mount Kilimanjaro n.乞力马扎罗山（位于坦桑尼亚；非洲最高山）Book 7Unit 1never mind 不必担心Book 7Unit 1 noisy adj.吵闹的；嘈杂的Book 7Unit 1 out of breath上气不接下气Book 7Unit 1 outgoing adj.外向的；友好的；外出的；离开的Book 7Unit 1 outwards adv.向外Book 7Unit 1 parrot n.鹦鹉Book 7Unit 1 politics n.政治（学）Book 7Unit 1 profit n.收益；利润；盈利Book 7Unit 1psychologically adv.心理（学）地；精神上地Book 7Unit 1psychology n.心理（学）Book 7Unit 1resign vt.辞职；辞去（工作、职位等）Book 7Unit 1 Rosalyn n.罗莎琳（女名）Book 7Unit 1 row vi.划（船）Book 7Unit 1 row n.一行；一排Book 7Unit 1 row vt.划（船）Book 7Unit 1 Sally n.萨利（女名）Book 7Unit 1 Sanders n.桑德斯（姓）Book 7Unit 1 sit around 闲坐着Book 7Unit 1 slavery n.奴隶制Book 7Unit 1 software n.软件Book 7Unit 1 suitable adj.适合的；适宜的Book 7Unit 1 syndrome n.综合病症；综合症状Book 7Unit 1tank n.（盛液体、气体的）大容器；缸；大桶Book 7Unit 1 tortoise n.陆龟；龟Book 7Unit 1 wheelchair n.轮椅Book 7Unit 1 absurd adj.荒谬的；可笑的Book 7Unit 2 accompany vt陪伴；伴奏Book 7Unit 2affair n.事务；事情；暧昧关系Book 7Unit 2 affection n.喜爱；爱；感情Book 7Unit 2 alarm n.警报；惊恐Book 7Unit 2alarm vt.使警觉；使惊恐；惊动Book 7Unit 2 alarmed adj.担心的；害怕的Book 7Unit 2alphabetical adj.字母（表）的；按字母顺序的Book 7Unit 2 apron n.围裙Book 7Unit 2 armchair n.扶手椅；单座沙发Book 7Unit 2 aside adv.在一边；向一边Book 7Unit 2 assessment n.评价；评定Book 7Unit 2awful adj.极坏的；极讨厌的；可怕的；（口语）糟透的Book 7Unit 2be bound to 一定做…..Book 7Unit 2 bedding n.寝具；铺盖Book 7Unit 2 biochemistry n.生物化学Book 7Unit 2 biography n.（由他人撰写的）传记；传记文学Book 7Unit 2bonus n.额外补贴；奖金；红利Book 7Unit 2Boston n.波士顿（美国东北部城市）Book 7Unit 2bound adj.一定的；密切相关的Book 7Unit 2chapter n.（书中的）章；篇；回Book 7Unit 2 Claire n.克莱尔（女名）Book 7Unit 2clerk n.售货员；职员；旅馆接待员Book 7Unit 2 counter n.柜台；计数器Book 7Unit 2 cuisine n.烹饪（风味）；菜肴Book 7Unit 2cushion n.（坐、跪时用的）软垫；靠垫；垫子Book 7Unit 2declare vt.宣布；声明；表明；宣称Book 7Unit 2desire n.渴望；欲望；渴求Book 7Unit 2 desire vt.希望得到；想要Book 7Unit 2digital adj.数字的；数码的；手指的；脚趾的Book 7Unit 2disobey vi.不服从；违抗Book 7Unit 2 disobey vt.不服从；违抗Book 7Unit 2 divorce n.离婚；断绝关系Book 7Unit 2divorce vt.与…..离婚；与…..脱离Book 7Unit 2elegant adj.优雅的；高雅的；讲究的Book 7Unit 2empire n.帝国Book 7Unit 2 envy vt.忌妒；羡慕Book 7Unit 2 favour n.喜爱；恩惠Book 7Unit 2 favour vt.喜爱；偏袒Book 7Unit 2fiction n.小说；虚构或想象出来的事Book 7Unit 2fingernail n.手指甲Book 7Unit 2 framework n.框架；结构Book 7Unit 2 Gladys Claffern格拉迪丝.克拉芬Book 7Unit 2grand adj.大的；豪华的；雄伟的Book 7Unit 2haircut n.发型；理发Book 7Unit 2holy adj.神的；上帝的；圣洁的Book 7Unit 2household adj.家庭的；家用的Book 7Unit 2 household n.一家人；家庭Book 7Unit 2imagination n.想象（力）；创造力；幻想物Book 7Unit 2in all 一共；总计Book 7Unit 2 Isaac Asimov艾萨克.阿西莫夫Book 7Unit 2junior adj.较年幼的；资历较浅的；地位较低的Book 7Unit 2junior n.年少者；晚辈；等级较低者Book 7Unit 2Larry Belmont拉里.贝尔蒙特Book 7Unit 2leave…alone 不管；别惹；让…..一个人待着；和…..单独在一起Book 7Unit 2mailbox n.（美）邮筒；信箱Book 7Unit 2 makeup n.化妆品Book 7Unit 2 Marion n.玛丽昂（女名）Book 7Unit 2 master's degree硕士学位Book 7Unit 2 navy n.海军；海军部队Book 7Unit 2 necklace n.项链Book 7Unit 2 obey vi.服从；顺从Book 7Unit 2 obey vt.服从；顺从Book 7Unit 2 overweight adj.超重的；体重超常的Book 7Unit 2 part-time adj.兼职的Book 7Unit 2 PHD=Doctor of Philosophy哲学博士学位；博士学位Book 7Unit 2Philadelphia n.费城（美国宾夕法尼亚州重要港口）Book 7Unit 2 pile n.堆；摞；叠Book 7Unit 2 pile vi.堆起；堆积Book 7Unit 2 pile vt.把…..堆起；积聚Book 7Unit 2receiver n.收件人；接收机；电话听筒Book 7Unit 2 ring up 给…..打电话Book 7Unit 2satisfaction n.满意；满足；令人满意的事物Book 7Unit 2scan vt.细看；仔细检查；粗略地看；浏览；扫描Book 7Unit 2set aside 将…..放在一边；为……节省或保留（钱或时间）Book 7Unit 2staff n.全体员工；手杖Book 7Unit 2 sympathy n.同情（心）Book 7Unit 2talent n.天才；特殊能力；才干Book 7Unit 2 test out试验；考验Book 7Unit 2 the Foundation trilogy(基地）三部曲Book 7Unit 2theoretical adj.理论（上）的；假设的Book 7Unit 2 thinking n.思想；思考Book 7Unit 2 transfusion n.输血Book 7Unit 2turn around转向；回转Book 7Unit 2 (be) scared to death吓死了Book 7Unit 3 abandon vt.放弃；遗弃；抛弃Book 7Unit 3 accommodation n.住所；住宿Book 7Unit 3acquarium n.水族馆；水族箱；养鱼缸Book 7Unit 3 ancedote n.轶事；奇闻Book 7Unit 3annual adj.每年的；按年度计算的Book 7Unit 3 annual n.年刊；年鉴Book 7Unit 3 Antarctic adj.南极的Book 7Unit 3 aware adj.意识到的；知道的Book 7Unit 3awesome adj.使人敬畏的；令人畏惧的Book 7Unit 3 baleen n.鲸须Book 7Unit 3 baleen whale n.须鲸Book 7Unit 3be/become aware of 对……知道、明白；意识到……Book 7Unit 3blow-hole n.(鲸鱼的）鼻孔；（隧道的）通风口Book 7Unit 3boundary n.界限；分界线Book 7Unit 3 cell n.细胞；（蜂房的）巢室Book 7Unit 3 clam n.蛤Book 7Unit 3 Clancy n.克兰西（男名）Book 7Unit 3 conservation n.保存；保护Book 7Unit 3 depth n.深（度）；深处Book 7Unit 3 dimension n.维(数);方面；侧面Book 7Unit 3dive n.跳水的动作；潜水的动作；俯冲Book 7Unit 3dive vi.跳水；潜水；俯冲Book 7Unit 3 drag vt.拖；拉；扯Book 7Unit 3 eel n.鳗；鳝Book 7Unit 3flashlight n闪光信号灯；手电筒；闪光灯Book 7Unit 3flee vt.逃离Book 7Unit 3 flee（fled, fled)vi.逃避；逃跑Book 7Unit 3 giant adj.巨人的；巨大的Book 7Unit 3 giant n.巨人；伟人Book 7Unit 3 grey n.灰色Book 7Unit 3 grey adj.灰色的Book 7Unit 3 harpoon n.(捕鲸用的）鱼叉Book 7Unit 3help(…) out 帮助（某人）摆脱困境或危难Book 7Unit 3iceberg n.冰山Book 7Unit 3 in the meantime 在此期间；与此同时Book 7Unit 3 jog vi.慢跑Book 7Unit 3 jog vt.轻推；轻撞Book 7Unit 3 leap n.跳；跳跃Book 7Unit 3 leap(leapt，leaped; leapt,leaped)vi.跳；跳跃Book 7Unit 3 leap(leapt，leaped;leapt,leaped)vt.跳过（障碍）Book 7Unit 3lip n.一片嘴唇；（容器或洞的）边，口Book 7Unit 3meantime adv.其间；同时Book 7Unit 3 migration n.迁徙；迁居；移居Book 7Unit 3 narrow adj.狭窄的；有限的；狭隘的Book 7Unit 3neat adj.（口）好的；整齐的；匀称的Book 7Unit 3 net n.网；网状物；网络Book 7Unit 3 oar n.桨；橹Book 7Unit 3offshore adj.近海（的）；离岸（的）Book 7Unit 3 offshore adv.近海地；离岸地Book 7Unit 3 opposite adj.相对的；相反的Book 7Unit 3 opposite prep.在…..对面Book 7Unit 3 overboard adv.越过船舷进入水中Book 7Unit 3 pause vi.暂停；中止Book 7Unit 3 pause vi.暂停；中止Book 7Unit 3 pension n.养老金；退休金Book 7Unit 3 pensioner n.领取养老金者Book 7Unit 3pure adj.纯的；纯粹的；纯洁的Book 7Unit 3 reflect vi.思考Book 7Unit 3 reflect vt.映射；反射；思考Book 7Unit 3 refund n.退款Book 7Unit 3 refund vt.退还；偿还Book 7Unit 3relationship n.关系；血缘关系；交往Book 7Unit 3 scare vi.受惊吓Book 7Unit 3 scare vt.恐吓Book 7Unit 3 seal n.海豹；封条；印章Book 7Unit 3seaside adj.海边（的）；海滨(的）Book 7Unit 3 seaside n.海边；海滨Book 7Unit 3 sea-slug n.海蛞蝓Book 7Unit 3 seaweed n.海草；海藻Book 7Unit 3shallow adj.浅的；肤浅的；浅显Book 7Unit 3的shark n.鲨鱼Book 7Unit 3Book 7Unit 3 sharp adj.锐利的；锋利的；敏捷的shore n.岸；海滨Book 7Unit 3 snorkel n.（潜水艇或潜水者Book 7Unit 3的）通气管snorkel vi.戴潜水通气管潜泳Book 7Unit 3 steep adj.陡峭的Book 7Unit 3 suck vi.吮吸Book 7Unit 3 suck vt.吮吸Book 7Unit 3Book 7Unit 3 target n.目标；靶；受批评的对象tasty adj.好吃的；可口的Book 7Unit 3 teamwork n.协作；配合Book 7Unit 3 telescope n.望远镜Book 7Unit 3 the Antarctic 南极洲Book 7Unit 3Book 7Unit 3 tide n.潮（汐）；潮水；潮流turtle n.海龟；龟；甲鱼Book 7Unit 3 upside down 上下翻转Book 7Unit 3 urge vt.催促；极力主张；驱Book 7Unit 3策Book 7Unit 3 vivid adj.生动的；鲜明的；鲜艳的witness n.目击者；证人；证据Book 7Unit 3 witness vt.当场见到；目击Book 7Unit 3 yell n.叫声；喊声Book 7Unit 3 yell vi.大叫；呼喊Book 7Unit 3 (be) dying to 极想；渴望Book 7Unit 4 adjust vi.调整；适合Book 7Unit 4 adjust vt.调整；（使）适合Book 7Unit 4 airmail n.航空邮件Book 7Unit 4 angle n.角；角度Book 7Unit 4 anniversary n.周年纪念（日）Book 7Unit 4 arrangement n.安排；排列Book 7Unit 4 astronaut n.宇航员；太空人Book 7Unit 4Book 7Unit 4 Bangladesh n.孟加拉国（亚洲国家）broom n.扫帚Book 7Unit 4 bubble vi.起泡；沸腾的；汩汩Book 7Unit 4地流动bucket n.水桶；吊桶；提桶Book 7Unit 4catalogue n.目录Book 7Unit 4 click n.咔嗒声Book 7Unit 4 click vi.发出咔嗒声Book 7Unit 4 click vt.（使）发出咔嗒声Book 7Unit 4 clinic n.门诊部；小诊所Book 7Unit 4 comb n.梳子Book 7Unit 4 comb vi.梳（发）Book 7Unit 4 concept n.观念；概念Book 7Unit 4 distribute vt.分配；分发Book 7Unit 4distribution n.分配；分发；分布状态Book 7Unit 4donate vt.捐赠Book 7Unit 4dry out （使浸水等之物）完全变干；干透Book 7Unit 4dry up (指河流、井等）干涸Book 7Unit 4 economic adj.经济的；经济学的Book 7Unit 4 evil adj.邪恶的Book 7Unit 4 evil n.邪恶；罪恶Book 7Unit 4financial adj.财务的；金融的；财政的Book 7Unit 4fortnight n.两星期Book 7Unit 4 grill n.烤架；大平底锅Book 7Unit 4 grill vt.烧烤；炙烤Book 7Unit 4 hear from接到……的信Book 7Unit 4 hut n.棚屋；小屋Book 7Unit 4 in need 在困难中；在危急中Book 7Unit 4 interpreter n.作口译的人Book 7Unit 4 jar n.罐；广口瓶Book 7Unit 4 Kenya n.肯尼亚（非洲国家）Book 7Unit 4 leftover adj.剩余的Book 7Unit 4leftover n.剩余物；残留物；剩饭Book 7Unit 4loan n.贷款Book 7Unit 4 Malawi n.马拉维（非洲国家）Book 7Unit 4 muddy adj.泥泞的；泥土般的Book 7Unit 4 Nepal n.尼泊尔（亚洲国家）Book 7Unit 4 operate vi.工作；运转Book 7Unit 4 operate vt.操作Book 7Unit 4 otherwise adv.用别的方法；其他方面Book 7Unit 4 otherwise conj.否则；不然Book 7Unit 4 ox (pl oxen)n.公牛Book 7Unit 4 paperwork n.文书工作Book 7Unit 4 Papua New Guinea 巴布亚新几内亚Book 7Unit 4participate vi.参与；参加Book 7Unit 4 platform n.台；平台；讲台；Book 7Unit 4（火车站的）月台plough vi.犁（地）；耕(地）Book 7Unit 4 political adj.政治的；政党的Book 7Unit 4 privilege n.特权；特别优待Book 7Unit 4 purchase vt.买；购买Book 7Unit 4 purchase vt.买；购买Book 7Unit 4 rectangle n.矩形；长方形Book 7Unit 4 rectangular adj.长方形的；矩形的Book 7Unit 4 relevant adj.有关的；切题的Book 7Unit 4 remote adj.遥远的；偏僻的Book 7Unit 4 ridge n.山脊；屋脊Book 7Unit 4 roof n.屋顶；车顶Book 7Unit 4 security n.安全；保护；保障Book 7Unit 4 seed n.种子；萌芽Book 7Unit 4 seedling n.秧苗；树苗Book 7Unit 4 sew vi.(用针线）缝Book 7Unit 4 sew vt.缝制；缝合Book 7Unit 4 sewing machine缝纫机Book 7Unit 4 sniff vi.嗅；闻；用鼻子吸Book 7Unit 4 sniff vt.嗅；闻；用鼻子吸Book 7Unit 4 Sudan n.苏丹（非洲国家）Book 7Unit 4Book 7Unit 4 supplement n.增补的事物；补充；附录；增刊tailor n.裁缝Book 7Unit 4 tailor vt.剪裁；缝制（衣服）Book 7Unit 4Book 7Unit 4 Tanzania n.坦桑尼亚（东非国家）textbook n.教科书；课本Book 7Unit 4 the other day不久前的一天Book 7Unit 4 tin n.锡Book 7Unit 4Book 7Unit 4 toast n.烤面包（片）；吐司面包；干杯toast vt.烤（面包等）；敬酒Book 7Unit 4 tractor n.拖拉机；牵引机Book 7Unit 4 trunk n.树干；躯干；大衣箱Book 7Unit 4 trunk library箱式（柜式）图书馆Book 7Unit 4 Uganda n.乌干达（东非国家）Book 7Unit 4 vaccination n.接种疫苗Book 7Unit 4 voluntary adj.自愿的；志愿的；无Book 7Unit 4偿的weed vi.除杂草Book 7Unit 4 weed n.杂草；野草Book 7Unit 4weed vt.除杂草Book 7Unit 4 weekly adj.每周（的）Book 7Unit 4 weekly adv.每周Book 7Unit 4 Abigail n.阿比盖尔（女名）Book 7Unit 5 abundant adj.丰富的；充裕的Book 7Unit 5 academic adj. n学校的；学术的Book 7Unit 5 acknowledge vt.承认；确认；答谢Book 7Unit 5 adjust to 适应；调节Book 7Unit 5 agent n.代理人；经纪人Book 7Unit 5 apology n.道歉；谢罪Book 7Unit 5 as far as one is concerned 就……而言Book 7Unit 5 autonomous adj.自主的；自治的；独立的Book 7Unit 5bachelor n.获学士学位的人；未婚男子Book 7Unit 5 bachelor's degree学士学位Book 7Unit 5 bark n.犬吠声；树皮Book 7Unit 5bark vi.（指狗等）吠叫；咆哮Book 7Unit 5battery n.电池（组）；电瓶；炮台Book 7Unit 5be occupied with 忙着做……；忙于某事物Book 7Unit 5cafeteria n.自助食堂；自助餐厅Book 7Unit 5 cage n.鸟笼；兽槛Book 7Unit 5 comfort n.舒适；安慰Book 7Unit 5 comfort vt.安慰Book 7Unit 5 contradict vt.反驳；驳斥Book 7Unit 5 Cuzco n.库斯科（秘鲁南部城市）Book 7Unit 5 day in and day out 日复一日Book 7Unit 5 destination n目的地Book 7Unit 5 draft n.草稿；草案Book 7Unit 5 draft vt.草拟；起草Book 7Unit 5 drill n.钻；钻孔Book 7Unit 5 drill vi.钻（孔）Book 7Unit 5 enterprise n.事业；事业心Book 7Unit 5 essay n.文章；散文Book 7Unit 5 fit in 相适应；相融合Book 7Unit 5 geographical adj.地理（学）的Book 7Unit 5 govern vi.统治；支配； 管理Book 7Unit 5 govern vt.统治；支配；管理Book 7Unit 5 hike n.远足；徒步旅行Book 7Unit 5 hike vi. 远足；徒步旅行Book 7Unit 5idiom n.习语；成语Book 7Unit 5 Inca Empire 印加帝国Book 7Unit 5 inn n.客栈Book 7Unit 5 Jamie n.杰米（男名）Book 7Unit 5 Julie n.朱莉（女名）Book 7Unit 5keep it up 保持优秀成绩；继续干下去Book 7Unit 5Lake Titicaca 的的喀喀湖Book 7Unit 5 lecture n.演讲；讲课Book 7Unit 5 lecture vi.演讲；讲课Book 7Unit 5 Lia n.莉亚（女名）Book 7Unit 5 Lima n.利马（秘鲁首都）Book 7Unit 5 Machu Picchu 马丘比丘（秘鲁）Book 7Unit 5 minibus n.小型公共汽车Book 7Unit 5 motherland n.祖国Book 7Unit 5 numb adj.麻木的；失去知觉的Book 7Unit 5 occupy vt.占用；占领；占据Book 7Unit 5 oilfield n.油田Book 7Unit 5 onwards adv.向前地；前进地Book 7Unit 5 optional adj.可选择的；随意的Book 7Unit 5 out of the question 不可能的；不值得讨论的Book 7Unit 5parallel adj.平行的；相同的；类似的Book 7Unit 5 Peru n.秘鲁Book 7Unit 5 preparation n.准备；预备Book 7Unit 5 Puno n.普诺（秘鲁）Book 7Unit 5 qualification n.资格；资历Book 7Unit 5 quene n.队列；行列Book 7Unit 5 quene vi.排队Book 7Unit 5 recommend vt.推荐；建议Book 7Unit 5 requirement n.需要；要求Book 7Unit 5 revise vt.复查；修正；复习Book 7Unit 5 revision n.复查；修正；复习Book 7Unit 5 routine adj.通常的；例行的Book 7Unit 5 routine n.常规；日常事物Book 7Unit 5 Rugby n.（英式）橄榄球Book 7Unit 5 Sam n.萨姆（男名）Book 7Unit 5 seminar n.（专题）研讨会Book 7Unit 5settle in (迁入新居、更换工作后）安顿下来Book 7Unit 5shopkeeper n.店主Book 7Unit 5 site n.地方；地点；现场Book 7Unit 5substitute n.代替者；代用品Book 7Unit 5 substitute vt.用……代替……Book 7Unit 5 the Amazon Jungle 亚马孙河热带丛林Book 7Unit 5 the Andes mountains 安第斯山脉Book 7Unit 5 tomb n.坟墓Book 7Unit 5travel agent 旅行代办人；旅行代理人Book 7Unit 5tutor n.导师；助教；家庭教师Book 7Unit 5 videophone n.可视电话Book 7Unit 5 visa n.签证Book 7Unit 5是否课标词汇（所有不带△符号是否黑体（单元重点）是否带△2011考试说明课标*2011考试说明△课标*2011考试说明课标黑体*2011考试说明课标*2011考试说明课标黑体2011考试说明课标黑体*课标黑体*2011考试说明课标黑体课标黑体课标黑体*2011考试说明课标课标黑体2011考试说明△课标黑体课标*2011考试说明课标2011考试说明课标黑体课标2011考试说明△课标2011考试说明课标2011考试说明课标黑体2011考试说明课标2011考试说明△课标2011考试说明课标2011考试说明课标课标2011考试说明课标黑体2011考试说明课标黑体2011考试说明课标黑体2011考试说明课标2011考试说明课标黑体课标2011考试说明课标2011考试说明课标2011考试说明课标2011考试说明△课标课标课标课标2011考试说明课标课标2011考试说明课标2011考试说明课标2011考试说明△课标2011考试说明课标2011考试说明课标2011考试说明△课标黑体课标黑体△△课标2011考试说明课标2011考试说明△课标黑体△课标黑体课标2011考试说明△课标黑体课标2011考试说明课标黑体课标2011考试说明课标2011考试说明课标2011考试说明课标2011考试说明课标2011考试说明课标2011考试说明课标2011考试说明课标2011考试说明△课标2011考试说明课标2011考试说明课标2011考试说明△△课标黑体课标2011考试说明课标2011考试说明课标黑体2011考试说明△课标2011考试说明课标2011考试说明△课标*2011考试说明课标黑体*2011考试说明课标2011考试说明课标*2011考试说明课标黑体*2011考试说明课标黑体*2011考试说明△课标2011考试说明课标2011考试说明课标2011考试说明课标2011考试说明课标2011考试说明课标黑体课标课标2011考试说明课标2011考试说明课标2011考试说明△课标黑体2011考试说明课标2011考试说明△课标2011考试说明课标2011考试说明课标2011考试说明课标2011考试说明课标黑体2011考试说明课标黑体2011考试说明课标黑体2011考试说明课标2011考试说明课标课标课标黑体课标黑体2011考试说明课标△课标课标黑体2011考试说明课标黑体课标2011考试说明课标2011考试说明课标△课标2011考试说明课标2011考试说明课标2011考试说明△课标△课标黑体△课标黑体2011考试说明课标△课标黑体课标2011考试说明△△△课标2011考试说明课标2011考试说明课标黑体2011考试说明课标黑体2011考试说明课标2011考试说明课标2011考试说明△△课标2011考试说明课标2011考试说明课标2011考试说明课标2011考试说明课标黑体课标2011考试说明课标2011考试说明课标黑体课标黑体2011考试说明课标黑体2011考试说明课标黑体2011考试说明课标黑体△课标2011考试说明课标2011考试说明△课标黑体课标黑体课标黑体*2011考试说明课标*2011考试说明△2011考试说明课标2011考试说明课标黑体*2011考试说明课标黑体*2011考试说明课标2011考试说明课标黑体2011考试说明课标2011考试说明△△课标黑体△课标2011考试说明课标2011考试说明△△课标2011考试说明课标2011考试说明课标2011考试说明课标课标2011考试说明课标黑体2011考试说明△课标2011考试说明课标课标2011考试说明△△课标课标2011考试说明△课标黑体△△课标2011考试说明课标2011考试说明△△△课标2011考试说明△△课标2011考试说明课标黑体2011考试说明课标2011考试说明△课标2011考试说明课标2011考试说明课标2011考试说明课标2011考试说明课标2011考试说明课标黑体2011考试说明课标黑体2011考试说明课标2011考试说明课标2011考试说明课标2011考试说明课标黑体2011考试说明课标黑体2011考试说明△△课标2011考试说明课标黑体2011考试说明课标黑体2011考试说明课标2011考试说明课标2011考试说明课标2011考试说明△课标2011考试说明课标2011考试说明课标2011考试说明课标2011考试说明课标2011考试说明△△课标2011考试说明课标2011考试说明课标2011考试说明课标黑体2011考试说明课标2011考试说明课标2011考试说明课标2011考试说明课标黑体2011考试说明课标2011考试说明△课标黑体课标黑体2011考试说明课标2011考试说明课标黑体2011考试说明课标黑体2011考试说明课标2011考试说明课标2011考试说明课标黑体课标黑体*2011考试说明课标黑体*2011考试说明课标2011考试说明课标2011考试说明课标*2011考试说明课标2011考试说明课标2011考试说明△课标2011考试说明△△课标黑体2011考试说明课标黑体2011考试说明课标2011考试说明课标2011考试说明课标2011考试说明课标2011考试说明课标2011考试说明课标黑体2011考试说明课标课标黑体2011考试说明课标黑体课标黑体△△△△课标2011考试说明课标2011考试说明课标课标黑体△课标黑体课标2011考试说明课标2011考试说明课标△△△△课标2011考试说明△课标黑体2011考试说明课标黑体2011考试说明课标2011考试说明课标黑体2011考试说明课标2011考试说明课标2011考试说明△课标2011考试说明△课标2011考试说明课标2011考试说明课标黑体2011考试说明课标黑体2011考试说明课标2011考试说明课标2011考试说明课标黑体2011考试说明课标2011考试说明△课标2011考试说明课标2011考试说明课标2011考试说明△课标2011考试说明课标2011考试说明课标课标2011考试说明课标2011考试说明△△课标2011考试说明课标2011考试说明△课标2011考试说明课标黑体课标2011考试说明课标2011考试说明课标2011考试说明课标2011考试说明课标2011考试说明课标△△课标黑体2011考试说明课标2011考试说明课标2011考试说明课标2011考试说明课标2011考试说明△课标黑体*2011考试说明课标2011考试说明课标黑体*2011考试说明课标黑体2011考试说明课标*2011考试说明课标2011考试说明课标黑体课标2011考试说明课标2011考试说明课标课标2011考试说明课标2011考试说明课标2011考试说明课标黑体课标2011考试说明课标2011考试说明课标黑体2011考试说明课标黑体2011考试说明课标黑体2011考试说明△课标黑体课标2011考试说明课标黑体2011考试说明课标黑体2011考试说明课标2011考试说明课标2011考试说明课标课标课标黑体△课标黑体2011考试说明课标黑体2011考试说明△△△课标2011考试说明△△课标黑体△课标2011考试说明课标△△△课标2011考试说明课标2011考试说明课标2011考试说明课标黑体2011考试说明课标2011考试说明△课标2011考试说明课标黑体课标2011考试说明△课标2011考试说明△课标2011考试说明课标2011考试说明课标2011考试说明课标黑体2011考试说明课标2011考试说明△课标2011考试说明课标2011考试说明课标2011考试说明课标2011考试说明△课标2011考试说明课标黑体课标2011考试说明△课标黑体2011考试说明△△课标2011考试说明课标课标2011考试说明课标2011考试说明课标2011考试说明。
句子翻译绿色单词chapter 1--7
根据中文提示完成句子，每空一词。
（Chapter 1）1.在我遇到困难的时候，他总能给我一些宝贵的意见。
When I am in trouble, he can always give ______ some ________ advice.2.放学前我们一定要把教室打扫干净。
We have to ________ _______ the classroom before school is over.3.他看看四周，但是没发现一个人。
He ________ ________ but found nobody here.4.对于我们而言，努力学习很重要。
It’s very important _______ us _______ _______ ________.5.水最终流入了海洋。
Water _________ ________ the sea in the end.6. 这首歌曲听起来很优美。
The song _________ __________.7.记住不要浪费或者污染自然资源。
Remember not to ________ or _________ the natural resources.8.我一直等到12点钟，但他没有来。
I _________ ________ twelve o’clock, but he didn’t come.9.他摇了摇头，以示对我观点的不赞同。
He _________ _________ ________. This meant that he didn’t agree with me.10.水覆盖了地球三分之二的面积。
Water covers about ________ ________ of Earth.11.我们起初计划去伦敦，但是最后改变了主意。
We planned to go to London _______________ _______ ________,but we changed our mind finally.根据中文提示完成句子，每空一词。
《Business statistic》复习参考(第一章至第八章)
《Business Statistic》中国人民大学出版社英文版第五版chapter1~8复习参考Part1名词解释1、Statistics is a method of extracting useful information from a set of numerical data in orderto make a more effective and informed decision.2、Descriptive Statistics：These are statistical methods of organizing, summarizing andpresenting numerical data in convenient forms such as graphs, charts and tables.3、Inferential statistics is defined as statistical methods used for drawing conclusions about apopulation based on samples.4、Primary data is obtained first hand.5、Secondary data already exists or has been previously collected such as company accounts, orsales figures.6、Mean: The arithmetic average and the most common measure ofaaaaaaa central tendency.①All values are included in computing the mean.②A set of data has a unique mean ③Themean is affected by unusually large or small data points (outliers / extreme values).7、*8、Mode: The most frequent data, or data corresponding to the highest frequency. ①Mode isnot affected by extreme values. ②There may not be a mode. ③There may be several modes. ④Used for either numerical or categorical data.9、Median is the value that splits a ranked set of data into two equal parts. ①Median is notaffected by extremely large or small values and is therefore a valuable measure of central tendency when such values occur.10、Standard Deviation: ①A measure of the variation of data from the mean. ②The mostcommonly used measure of variation. ③Represented by the symbol ‘s’. ④Shows how the data is distributed around the mean.11、Probability is the chance of an occurrence of an event. ①Probability of an eventalways lies between 0 and 1. ②The sum of the probabilities of every possible outcome or event is 1. ③The probability of the complement A’ is given by 1-P(A).12、Properties of Normal distribution：①Continuous random variable. ②‘Bell-shaped’ &symmetrical. ③Mean, median, mode are equal ④Area under the curve is 1.13、The Central Limited Theorem：①If the population followed normal distribution, thesampling distribution of mean is followed normal distribution. ②If the population do not followed normal distribution, but the sample size is larger than 30, the sampling distribution of mean is followed normal distribution.Part2选择题Topic 1 - Introduction to Business Statistics & Data CollectionQ1. The universe or totality of items or things under consideration is called:a.【b. a sample.c. a population.d. a parameter.e.none of the above.Q2. Those methods involving the collection, presentation, and characterization of a set of data in order to properly describe the various features of that set of data are called:a.inferential statistics.b.total quality management.c.sampling.d.descriptive statistics.Q3. The portion of the universe that has been selected for analysis is called:a.—b. a sample.c. a frame.d. a parameter.e. a statistic.Q4. A summary measure that is computed to describe a numerical characteristic from only a sample of the population is called:a. a parameter.b. a census.c. a statistic.d.the scientific method.Q5. A summary measure that is computed to describe a characteristic of an entire population is called:a.）b. a parameter.c. a census.d. a statistic.e.total quality management.Q6. The process of using sample statistics to draw conclusions about population parameters is called:a.inferential statistics.b.experimentation.c.primary sources.d.descriptive statistics.Q7. Which of the four methods of data collection is involved when a person retrieves data from an online databasea.（b.published sources.c.experimentation.d.surveying.e.observation.Q8. Which of the four methods of data collection is involved when people are asked to complete a questionnairea.published sources.b.experimentation.c.surveying.d.observation.Q9. Which of the four methods of data collection is involved when a person records the use of the Los Angeles freeway systema.@b.published sources.c.experimentation.d.surveying.e.observation.Q10. A focus group is an example of which of the four methods of data collectiona.published sources.b.experimentation.c.surveying.d.observation.Q11. Which of the following is true about response ratesa.】b.The longer the questionnaire, the lower the rate.c.Mail surveys usually produce lower response rates than personal interviews or telephonesurveys.d.Question wording can affect a response rate.e. d. All of the above.Q12. Which of the following is a reason that a manager needs to know about statisticsa.To know how to properly present and describe information.b.To know how to draw conclusions about the population based on sample information.c.To know how to improve processes.d.All of the above.~Scenario 1-1Questions 13-15 refer to this scenario:An insurance company evaluates many variables about a person before deciding on an appropriate rate for automobile insurance. Some of these variables can be classified as categorical, discrete and numerical, or continuous and numerical.Q13. Referring to Scenario 1-1 (above), the number of claims a person has made in the last three years is what type of variablea.Categorical.b.Discrete and numerical.c.Continuous and numerical.d.None of the above.Q14. Referring to Scenario 1-1 (above), a person's age is what type of variablea.—b.Categorical.c.Discrete and numerical.d.Continuous and numerical.e.None of the above.Q15. Referring to Scenario 1-1 (above), a person's gender is what type of variablea.Categorical.b.Discrete and numerical.c.Continuous and numerical.d.None of the above.{Q16. Which of the following can be reduced by proper interviewer traininga.Sampling error.b.Measurement error.c.Coverage error.d.Nonresponse error.Scenario 1-2Questions 17-19 refer to this scenario:Mediterranean fruit flies were discovered in California a few years ago and badly damaged the oranges grown in that state. Suppose the manager of a large farm wanted to study the impact of the fruit flies on the orange crops on a daily basis over a 6-week period. On each day a random sample of orange trees was selected from within a random sample of acres. The daily average number of damaged oranges per tree and the proportion of trees having damaged oranges were calculated.,Q17. Referring to Scenario 1-2 (above), the two main measures calculated each day ., average number of damaged oranges per tree and proportion of trees having damaged oranges) are called _______.a.statistics.b.parameters.c.samples.d.populations.Q18. Referring to Scenario 1-2 (above), the two main measures calculated each day ., average number of damaged oranges per tree and proportion of trees having damaged oranges) may be used on a daily basis to estimate the respective true population _______.a.estimates.b.parameters.c.statistics.d.frame.（Q19. Referring to Scenario 1-2 (above), in this study, drawing conclusions on any one day about the true population characteristics based on information obtained from the sample is called _______.a.evaluation.b.descriptive statistics.c.inferential statistics.d.survey.Scenario 1-3Questions 20 and 21 refer to this scenario:The Quality Assurance Department of a large urban hospital is attempting to monitor and evaluate patient satisfaction with hospital services. Prior to discharge, a random sample of patients is asked to fill out a questionnaire to rate such services as medical care, nursing, therapy, laboratory, food, and cleaning. The Quality Assurance Department prepares weekly reports that are presented at the Board of Directors meetings and extraordinary/atypical ratings are easy to flag.、Q20. Referring to Scenario 1-3 (above), true population characteristics estimated from the sample results each week are called _____________.a.inferences.b.parameters.c.estimates.d.data.Q21. Referring to Scenario 1-3 (above), a listing of all hospitalised patients in this institution over a particular week would constitute the ________.a.sample.b.population.c.statistics.d.parameters.`Scenario 1-4Questions 22-24 refer to this scenario:The following are the questions given to Sheila Drucker-Ferris in her college alumni association survey. Each variable can be classified as categorical or numerical, discrete or continuous.Q22. Referring to Scenario 1-4 (above), the data for the number of years since graduation is categorised as: __________________.a.numerical discrete.b.categorical.c.numerical continuous.d.none of the above.：Q23. Referring to Scenario 1-4 (above), the data for the number of science majors is categorised as: ____________.a.categorical.b.numerical continuous.c.numerical discrete.d.none of the above.Q24. Referring to Scenario 1-4 (above), the data for tabulating the level of job satisfaction (High, Moderate, Low) is categorised as: _________.a.numerical continuous.b.categorical.c.numerical discrete.d.none of the above.'Topic 2: Organising and Presenting dataQ1 The width of each bar in a histogram corresponds to the:a.boundaries of the classes.b.number of observations in the classes.c.midpoint of the classes.d.percentage of observations in the classes.Q2 When constructing charts, which of the following chart types is plotted at the class midpointsa.Frequency histograms.b.Percentage polygons.c.$d.Cumulative relative frequency ogives.e.Relative frequency histograms.Q3 When polygons or histograms are constructed, which axis must show the true zero or "origin"a.The horizontal axis.b.The vertical axis.c.Both the horizontal and vertical axes.d.Neither the horizontal nor the vertical axis.Q4 To determine the appropriate width of each class interval in a grouped frequency distribution, we:a.divide the range of the data by the number of desired class intervals.b.divide the number of desired class intervals by the range of the datac.】d.take the square root of the number of observations.e.take the square of the number of observations.Q5 When grouping data into classes it is recommended that we have:a.less than 5 classes.b.between 5 and 15 classes.c.more than 15 classes.d.between 10 and 30 classes.Q6 Which of the following charts would give you information regarding the number of observations "up to and including" a given groupa.Frequency histograms.b.Polygons.c.}d.Percentage polygons.e.Cumulative relative frequency ogives.Q7 Another name for an "ogive" is a:a.frequency histogram.b.polygon.c.percentage polygon.d.cumulative percentage polygon.Q8 In analyzing categorical data, the following graphical device is NOT appropriate:a.bar chart.b.Pareto diagram.c.！d.stem and leaf display.e.pie chart.Table 2The opinions of a sample of 200 people broken down by gender about the latest congressionalFor Neutral Against】Totals Female385412104Male123648(96 Totals509060200about the latest congressional plan to eliminate anti-trust exemptions for professional baseball. Referring to Table 2, the number of people who are neutral to the plan is _______.a.36b.54c.90d.、e.200Q10 Referring to Table 2, the number of males who are against the plan is _______.a.12b.48c.60d.96Q11 Referring to Table 2, the percentage of males among those who are for the plan is ______.a.%b.24%c.25%d.（e.76%Q12 Referring to Table 2, the percentage who are against the plan among the females is _______.a.%b.20%c.30%d.52%Topic 3: Numerical Descriptive StatisticsQ1 Which measure of central tendency can be used for both numerical and categorical variablesa.Mean.b./c.Median.d.Mode.e.Quartiles.Q2 Which of the following statistics is not a measure of central tendencya.Mean.b.Median.c.Mode.d.Q3.Q3 Which of the following statements about the median is NOT truea.It is more affected by extreme values than the mean.b.\c.It is a measure of central tendency.d.It is equal to Q2.e.It is equal to the mode in bell-shaped distributions.Q4 The value in a data set that appears most frequently is called:a.the median.b.the mode.c.the mean.d.the variance.Q5 In a perfectly symmetrical distribution:a.the mean equals the median.b.，c.the median equals the mode.d.the mean equals the mode.e.All of the above.Q6 When extreme values are present in a set of data, which of the following descriptive summary measures are most appropriatea.CV and range.b.Mean and standard deviation.c.Median and interquartile range.d.Mode and variance.Q7 The smaller the spread of scores around the mean:a.the smaller the interquartile range.b.（c.the smaller the standard deviation.d.the smaller the coefficient of variation.e.All the above.Q8 In a right-skewed distribution:a.the median equals the mean.b.the mean is less than the median.c.the mean is greater than the median.d.the mean is less than the mode.a.b.c.d.Q10 Referring to Table 3 (above), the median carbohydrate amount in the cereal is ________ grams.a.19b.20c.[d.21e.Q11 Referring to Table 3 (above), the 1st quartile of the carbohydrate amounts is ________ grams.a.15b.20c.21d.25Q12 Referring to Table 3 (above), the range in the carbohydrate amounts is ________ grams.a.16b.18c.$d.20e.21Topic 4: Basics probability and discrete probability distributionsInformation A, needed to answer Questions 1 to 2The Health and Safety committee in a large retail firm is examining the relationship between the number of days of sick leave an employee takes and whether an employee works on the day shift (D) or night shift (N). The committee looks at a sample of 50 employees and notes which shiftthey work on and whether the number of days of sick leave they take in a year is less than 6 daysthe values in the table of probabilities is not correcta.The probability of an employee taking 6 or more days of sick leave P(M) isb.The probability that an employee is on the Night Shift (N) and takes less than 6 days ofleave (L), is called a conditional probability P(N | L) =c.)d.If you know that an employee is on day shift (D) then the probability that they will takeless than 6 days of leave (L) is the conditional probability P(L | D) =e.The probability that an employee works Day Shift (D) or takes 6 or more days of leave (M)is found using the addition rule to be P(D or M) =f.They are all correctQ2 The analyst wishes to use the Probabilities table from Information A to determine whether the work shift variable and the number of days of sick leave variable are or are not independent variables. Which of the following statements about the work shift and the number of days of sick leave variables is correcta.These variables are independent because the marginal probabilities such as P(L) are thesame as the conditional probabilities P(L | D)b.These variables are not independent because the marginal probability P(L) is differentfrom the conditional probability P(N | L)c.These variables are not independent because the joint probabilities such as P(L and N)are equal to the product of the probabilities P(L).P(N).d.These variables are dependent because the marginal probabilities such as P(L) are equalto the conditional probability P(L | N)e.None of the above】Information B, needed to answer Question 3Suppose the manager of a home ware retailer decides in a 5-minute period no more than 4 customers can arrive at a counter. Using past records he obtains the following probabilityTable 4-3Arrivals (X)01234~.15.20.30.20.15 P(X)Q3 Use Information B to answer this question. If values are rounded to 3 decimal places which of the following is the correct pair of values for the mean, the variance or standard deviation of the number of arrivals at the counter.a.Mean mu = 2 and variance sigma-squared =b.Mean mu = and variance sigma-squared =c.Mean mu = 2 and standard deviation sigma =d.、e.Mean mu = and variance sigma-squared =f.None of the aboveInformation C, needed to answer Questions 4-6The section manager in an insurance company is interested in evaluating how well staff at the inquiry counter handle customer complaints. She interviews a sample of n = 6 customers who have made complaints and asks each of them whether staff had handled their complaints well. Each interview is called a trial. If a customer says their complaint was handled well this is called a success. She thinks that as long as these people are interviewed independently of each other then the number of people who say their complaint was handled well is a random variable with a Binomial probability distribution. The section manager thinks that the probability that a customers complaint will be handled well is p = .Q4 Use Information C to answer this question. A total of n = 6 people are interviewed independently of each other. Which of the following statements about the probability that 5 out of the 6 complaints will be handled well is correcta.less thanb.between andc.more thand.between ande.`f.None of the aboveQ5 Using Information C, which of the following statements about the probability that 4 or less of the 6 complaints will be handled well is correcta.less thanb.more thanc.between andd.between ande.None of the aboveQ6 Suppose the section manager from Information C is interested in the measures of central tendency and variation for the number of complaints which are handled well. Which of the following sets of values, where values are rounded to 3 decimal places, is the correct set of valuesa.Mean mu = and variance sigma-squared =b.Mean mu = and variance sigma-squared =c.！d.Mean mu = and variance sigma-squared =e.Mean mu = and standard deviation sigma =f.None of the aboveInformation D, needed to answer Questions 7-9The manager of a large retailer thinks that one reason why staff at the complaints counter fail to handle customer complaints well is that not enough staff are allocated to this counter. Past experience has shown that the number of customers who arrive at this counter has a Poisson distribution where the average number who arrive each hour is 36. He decides to look at how many customers are likely to arrive at the complaints counter during a 5-minute period.Q7 Use Information D to answer this question. Which of the following statements concerning the probability that exactly 2 customers will arrive at the counter in a 5-minute period is correcta.less thanb.between andc.between andd.…e.more thanf.None of the aboveQ8 Use Information D to answer this question. Which of the following statements concerning the probability that 3 or more customers will arrive at a counter in a 5-minute period is correcta.between andb.less thanc.more thand.between ande.None of the aboveQ9 The section manager from Information D is interested in the mean and variance of the number of customers who arrive during a 1 hour period. Which of the following is the correct set of values for these two measuresa.Mean mu = 3 and variance sigma-squared = 3b./c.Mean mu = 36 and standard deviation sigma =d.Mean mu = 30 and variance sigma-squared = 30e.Mean mu = 36 and standard deviation sigma = 6f.None of the aboveTopic 5: Normal probability distribution & sampling distributionQ1 Which of the following is not a property of the normal distributiona.It is bell-shaped.b.It is slightly skewed left.c.Its measures of central tendency are all identical.d.%e.Its range is from negative infinity to positive infinity.Q2 The area under the standardized normal curve from 0 to would be:a.the same as the area from 0 to .b.equal to .c.found by using Table in your textbook.d.all of the above.Q3 Which of the following about the normal distribution is not truea.Theoretically, the mean, median, and mode are the same.b.About two-thirds of the observations fall within ± 1 standard deviation from the mean.c.It is a discrete probability distribution.d.(e.Its parameters are the mean and standard deviation.Q4 In its standardized form, the normal distribution:a.has a mean of 0 and a standard deviation of 1.b.has a mean of 1 and a variance of 0.c.has a total area equal to .d.cannot be used to approximate discrete binomial probability distributions.Q5 In the standardized normal distribution, the probability that Z > 0 is _______.a.b.c.d.]e.cannot be found without more informationQ6 The probability of obtaining a value greater than 110 in a normal distribution in which the mean is 100 and the standard deviation is 10 is ______________ the probability of obtaining a value greater than 650 in a normal distribution with a mean of 500 and a standard deviation of 100.a.less thanb.equal to.c.greater thand.It is unknown without more information.Q7 The probability of getting a Z score greater than is ________.a.close tob.c. a negative numberd.%e.almost zeroQ8 For some positive value of Z, the probability that a standardized normal variable is between 0 and Z is . The value of Z isa.b.c.d.Q9 For some value of Z, the probability that a standardized normal variable is below Z is . The value of Z isa.b.c.d.【e.Q10 Given that X is a normally distributed random variable with a mean of 50 and a standard deviation of 2, the probability that X is between 47 and 54 isa.b.c.d.Q11 For some positive value of X, the probability that a standardized normal variable is between 0 and + is . The value of X isa.b.c.d.'e.Q12 The owner of a fish market determined that the average weight for a catfish is pounds with a standard deviation of pounds. A citation catfish should be one of the top 2 percent in weight. Assuming the weights of catfish are normally distributed, at what weight (in pounds) should the citation designation be establisheda.poundsb.poundsc.poundsd.poundsQ13 Which of the following is NOT a property of the arithmetic meana.It is unbiased.b.It is always equal to the population mean.c.Its average is equal to the population mean.d.（e.Its variance becomes smaller when the sample size gets bigger.Q14 The sampling distribution of the mean is a distribution of:a.individual population values.b.individual sample values.c.statistics.d.parameters.Q15 The standard deviation of the sampling distribution of the mean is called the:a.standard error of the sample.b.standard error of the estimate.c.standard error of the mean.d.~e.All of the aboveQ16 According to the central limit theorem, the sampling distribution of the mean can be approximated by the normal distribution:a.as the number of samples gets "large enough."b.as the sample size (number of observations) gets "large enough."c.as the size of the population standard deviation increases.d.as the size of the sample standard deviation decreases.Q17 For a sample size of n=10, the sampling distribution of the mean will be normally distributed:a.regardless of the population's distribution.b.if the shape of the population is symmetrical.c.if the variance of the mean is known.d.{e.if the population is normally distributedTopic 6: EstimationQ1 The interval estimate using the t critical value is ________ than the interval estimate using the z critical value.a.Narrowerb.The same asc.Widerd.More powerfulQ2 To estimate the mean of a normal population with unknown standard deviation using a small sample, we use the ______ distribution.a.'t'b.：c.'Z'd.samplinge.alphaQ3 If the population does not follow a normal distribution, then to use the t distribution to give a confidence interval estimate for the population mean, the sample size should be:a.at least 5b.at least 30c.at least 100d.less than 30Q4 The 'z' value or 't' value used in the confidence interval formula is called the:a.sigma valueb.：c.critical valued.alpha valuee.none of the aboveQ5 The 'z' value that is used to construct a 90 percent confident interval is:a.b.c.d.Q6 The 'z' value that is used to construct a 95 percent confidence interval is:a.b.c.d.Q7 The sample size needed to construct a 90 percent confidence interval estimate for the population mean with sampling error ± when sigma is known to be 10 units is:a.9b.32c.75d.107Q8 The t critical value approaches the z critical value when:a.the sample size decreasesb.the sample size approaches infinityc.the confidence level increasesd.the sample is smallQ9 The t-critical value used when constructing a 99 percent confidence interval estimate with a sample of size 18 is:a.b.c.d.Q10 The t-value that would be used to construct a 90 percent confidence interval for the mean with a sample of size n 36 would be:a.b.c.d.Q11 The value of alpha (two tailed) for a 96 percent confidence interval would be: a.b.c.d.Q12 When using the t distribution for confidence interval estimates for the mean, the degrees of freedom value is:a.nb.n-1c.n-2d.n %2B 1Q13 You would interpret a 90 percent confidence interval for the population mean as:a.you can be 90 percent confident that you have selected a sample whose interval doesinclude the population meanb.if all possible samples are selected and CI's are calculated, 90 percent of those intervalswould include the true population meanc.90 percent of the population is in that intervald.both A and B are trueQ14 From a sample of 100 items, 30 were defective. A 95 percent confidence interval for the proportion of defectives in the population is:a.(.2, .4)b.(.21, .39)c.(.225, .375)d.(.236, .364)Q15 A confidence interval was used to estimate the proportion of statistics students that are male. A random sample of 70 statistics students generated the following 90 percent confidence interval: , . Using the information above, what size sample would be necessary if we wanted to estimate the true proportion to within ± using 95 percent confidencea.240b.450c.550d.150整理人：阿桤。
Chapter 1-8 解释句子
解释句子：(9A Chapter1-8)1.If you work harder, you will pass the exam.= Work harder, or you won’t pass the exam.2.We will not finish the work in time unless you give us help.= We can’t finish the work in time without your help.3.We found that it was necessary to write down her address.= We found it necessary to write down her address.4.You never forget what you should do.= You never forget what to do.5.You have got an amazing memory.= What an amazing memory you have got!6.We use it to remember phone numbers.= We remember phone numbers with it.7.How much do you weigh?= What’s your weight?= How heavy are you?= What’s the weight of you?8.Some parts of our brains can’t grow bigger if we do not use them a lot.= Some parts of our brains can’t grow bigger unless we use them a lot.9.If you exercise every day, you will have a strong body.= If you do sports every day, you’ll be strong.10.What happened when you were shopping yesterday?= What took place when you went shopping yesterday?11.My brother is no longer a naughty boy.= My brother is not a naughty boy any more.12.This mobile phone is now the most popular one.= This mobile phone is now more popular than any other mobile phone.13.To begin with, some basic ideas for a story are necessary.= Firstly / First of all, we need some basic ideas for a story.14.For example, a plot needs to be thought of.= For instance, a plot needs thinking of.15.In the second stage, the type of characters and their voices are decided.= Second, let’s decide the type of characters and their voices.16.Fanny is a tall, pleasant girl.= What a tall, pleasant girl Fanny is!17.He always forgets things.= He is forgetful.18.She is frightened of snakes. = She is afraid of snakes.19.What do you think of the animated cartoon?= How do you like the animated cartoon?20.We have decided how to draw the characters.= We have decided how we’ll draw the characters.21.The students left classroom separately.= The students left the classroom one by one.22.What fun it is to draw comic strips! = It’s fun to draw comic strips.nd pollution is caused by the deposit of solid waste.= The deposit of solid waste causes land pollution.24.It is vital that we do something to save the earth.=It is very important for us to do something to save the earth.25.We don’t know what to do with the rubbish.= We don’t know how to deal with the rubbish.26.The Blacks do not throw away as many cans as the Whites,= The Whites throw away more cans than the Blacks.27.There is no difference between Alice’s dress and mine.= Alice’s dress looks the same as mine.28.Mrs. Lin was a kind woman , so everyone respected her.= Mrs. Lin was a kind woman , so everyone had a good opinion of her.29.Fortunately, the fire did not do much damage.= Luckily, the fire did not do much harm.30.These are the basic grammar rules.= These are simple but important grammar rules.31.Humans are polluting the earth. = Humans are making the earth dirty.32.It’s vital for us to do something to save earth.= It’s important and necessary for us to do something to save earth.33.Without ozone, the sun would burn us up.= If there was no ozone, the sun would burn us up.34.The atmosphere is essential to living things.= The air round earth is very important to living things.35.The glass keeps much of the heat from getting out.= The glass prevents much of the heat from getting out.36.The greenhouse effect may cause the level of the sea to rise= The greenhouse effect may make the level of the sea to rise.37.They are actually video cameras.= In fact, they are video cameras.38.Finally, each frame is photographed separately.= In the end / At last, each frame is photographed separately.39.When I was walking down the street, I met an old friend of mine.= When walking down the street, I met an old friend of mine.40.She began to play the violin when she was four.= She began to play the violin at the age of four.41.We were surprised when we heard the news.= We were surprised at the news.= We were surprised to hear the news42.She lost her purse when she went to the post office.= She lost her purse on her way to the post office.43.We got plenty of rest so that we could remember the new words better.= We got plenty of rest in order to remember the new words better. 44.The maths problem is so difficult that I cannot work it out.= The maths problem is too difficult to work out.45.No living thing can live if there is no air.= No living thing can live without air.46.He died 2 years ago.= He has been dead for 2 years.47.He suspected that the crown was not completely made of gold.= He didn’t believe that the crown was completely made of gold.48.The bath was full of water.= The bath was filled with water.49.We all respect Mr. Wang because of his kindness.= We all have a good opinion of Mr. Wang because he is very kind.50.They have a daughter whose name is Cathy.= They have a daughter called/named Cathy.51.Why not send him to prison? = Why don’t you send him to prison?52.They promised to find out the killer.= They made a promise to find out the killer.53.The sports meeting was put off（推迟）as a result of the weather.= The sports meeting was put off because of the weather.54.Annie finished school.= Annie graduated from school.55.She loves shopping, so she decided to apply for the job.= She made up her mind to apply for the job, because she loves shopping.56.She described herself to her pen-friend.= She told her pen-friend something about herself.57.We’ve got prepared for the coming exam.= We’ve already got ready for the coming exam.58.I’m sure that he will come here.= I believe that he will come here59.My mother is always busy with her housework.= My mother is always busy doing her housework.60.She attended an important meeting yesterday.= She went to an important meeting yesterday.61.He didn’t watch TV until he finished his homework.= He watched TV after he finished his homework.= He didn’t watch TV before he finished his homework.62.Annie got nervous when she thought about the interview.= Annie felt worried and afraid when she thought about the interview. 63.Would you please tell me how to behave at an interview?= Would you please tell me how to act at an interview?64.The police put the thief behind bars.= The police put the thief in prison.65.John admitted breaking the window.=John said that he had broken the window.66.The students was unaware of his mistakes.=The students didn’t know about his mistakes.67.People rarely eat snake in the UK.=People don't often eat snake in the UK68.She always obeys her parents without question.= She always listens to her parents without question.69.I’m as old as my pencil.= I’m the same age as my pencil.70.This table is one metre long. That table is one metre long, too.= This table is as long as that one.= This table is the same length as that one.71.The two streams are both two metres in width.=This stream is as wide as that one.=This stream is the same width as that one.72.This mountain is as high as that one.=The two mountains are of the same height.73.This bag of rice is 25 kilograms. That bag of rice is 25 kilograms, too.=This bag of rice is as heavy as that one.=This bag of rice is the same weight as that one.74.What did you do that for? =Why did you do that?75.This flower is more beautiful than that one.=That flower is less beautiful than this one.=That flower isn’t as beautiful as this one.76.Jill studies harder than Tracy.=Tracy doesn’t study as hard as Jill.77.He was too young to go to school.=He was so young that he couldn’t go to school.78.Y ou never seem to be short of pocket money.=It seems that you don’t have enough pocket money.79.Y ou use the keyboard for typing in information.=You use the keyboard to type in information.80.N ow they are everywhere.=Now they are here and there.81.Y ou are more dependent on computers than you realize.=You depend on computer more than you understand.82. What happened to…?=What’s the matter with …?=What’s wrong with …?83. I can’t solve the problem. = I’m not able to work out the problem.84. He bought a vase for 200 yuan.=He paid 200 yuan for a vase.=He spent 200yuan on a vase.=He spent 200 yuan (in) buying a vase.=A vase cost him 200 yuan.85. Jenny admitted stealing the vase.=Jenny agreed that he stole the vase.86. Why do you like working as a detective?=Why do you enjoy being a detective?87. They both denied stealing the vase.=Both of them didn’t admitted stealing the vase.=Neither of them admitted stealing the vase.88. A good detective never jumps to conclusions.=A good detective never makes up his mind too quickly.。
海底两万里读书笔记1-8章
海底两万里读书笔记1-8章英文回答：Chapter 1: The Professor and His Assistant.In the first chapter of "Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea," we are introduced to the main characters of the story: Professor Aronnax and his faithful assistant Conseil. The professor is a renowned naturalist and marine biologist, while Conseil is his loyal companion and servant. The story begins with the professor and Conseil embarking on ajourney aboard the Abraham Lincoln, a ship commissioned by the United States government to hunt down a mysterious sea monster that has been causing havoc in the oceans.As the ship sets sail, the crew encounters the sea monster, which turns out to be a giant submarine called the Nautilus. The Nautilus attacks the ship, and the professor, Conseil, and a harpooner named Ned Land are thrown overboard. They manage to cling to the submarine and areeventually taken aboard by its enigmatic captain, Captain Nemo.Chapter 2: The Nautilus.In Chapter 2, the professor and his companions explore the interior of the Nautilus. They are amazed by the advanced technology and luxurious amenities on board. The Nautilus is equipped with state-of-the-art equipment, such as powerful electric lights and air conditioning systems. The professor is particularly fascinated by the marine specimens displayed in the Nautilus' museum, which showcases a wide variety of underwater creatures that Captain Nemo has collected during his voyages.Chapter 3: The Mediterranean in Forty-Eight Hours.In Chapter 3, the Nautilus travels through the Mediterranean Sea at an incredible speed. The professor and his companions are astounded by the Nautilus' ability to navigate through the depths of the ocean with ease. They witness various underwater phenomena, such as underwatervolcanoes and schools of fish. The professor takes this opportunity to study and document the marine life they encounter.Chapter 4: The Red Sea.In Chapter 4, the Nautilus enters the Red Sea. The professor and his companions are amazed by the vibrant coral reefs and exotic marine life they encounter. They also witness the Nautilus' ability to navigate through treacherous underwater caves and narrow passages. The professor is in awe of Captain Nemo's knowledge and expertise in navigating these challenging waters.Chapter 5: The Arabian Tunnel.In Chapter 5, the Nautilus enters the Arabian Sea through an underwater tunnel. The professor and his companions marvel at the stunning underwater landscapes and encounter various marine creatures, including sharks and giant squids. They also learn about Captain Nemo's mission to explore the depths of the ocean and his disdain for thehuman world.Chapter 6: The Indian Ocean.In Chapter 6, the Nautilus continues its journey through the Indian Ocean. The professor and his companions encounter a group of pearl divers and witness the brutal conditions they work under. They also explore the underwater ruins of a lost city and discover ancient artifacts. The professor is fascinated by the history and mysteries of the ocean.Chapter 7: The South Pole.In Chapter 7, the Nautilus reaches the South Pole. The professor and his companions witness the breathtaking beauty of the polar landscapes and encounter various Arctic animals, such as polar bears and penguins. They also learn about Captain Nemo's desire for revenge against the human world and his plans to create a utopian society underwater.Chapter 8: The Ice Bank.In Chapter 8, the Nautilus becomes trapped in a massive ice bank. The professor and his companions witness the destructive power of the ice and the struggles of the crew to free the submarine. They also learn about the sacrifices Captain Nemo has made in his pursuit of freedom and exploration.中文回答：第一章，教授和他的助手。
《Business statistic》复习参考(第一章至第八章)
《Business Statistic》中国人民大学出版社英文版第五版chapter1~8复习参考Part1名词解释1、Statistics is a method of extracting useful information from a set of numerical data in orderto make a more effective and informed decision.2、Descriptive Statistics：These are statistical methods of organizing, summarizing andpresenting numerical data in convenient forms such as graphs, charts and tables.3、Inferential statistics is defined as statistical methods used for drawing conclusions about apopulation based on samples.4、Primary data is obtained first hand.5、Secondary data already exists or has been previously collected such as company accounts, orsales figures.6、Mean: The arithmetic average and the most common measure ofaaaaaaa central tendency.①All values are included in computing the mean.②A set of data has a unique mean ③Themean is affected by unusually large or small data points (outliers / extreme values).7、Mode: The most frequent data, or data corresponding to the highest frequency. ①Mode isnot affected by extreme values. ②There may not be a mode. ③There may be several modes. ④Used for either numerical or categorical data.8、Median is the value that splits a ranked set of data into two equal parts. ①Median is notaffected by extremely large or small values and is therefore a valuable measure of central tendency when such values occur.9、Standard Deviation: ①A measure of the variation of data from the mean. ②The mostcommonly used measure of variation. ③Represented by the symbol ‘s’. ④Shows how the data is distributed around the mean.10、Probability is the chance of an occurrence of an event. ①Probability of an eventalways lies between 0 and 1. ②The sum of the probabilities of every possible outcome or event is 1. ③The probability of the complement A’ is given by 1-P(A).11、Properties of Normal distribution：①Continuous random variable. ②‘Bell-shaped’ &symmetrical. ③Mean, median, mode are equal ④Area under the curve is 1.12、The Central Limited Theorem：①If the population followed normal distribution, thesampling distribution of mean is followed normal distribution. ②If the population do not followed normal distribution, but the sample size is larger than 30, the sampling distribution of mean is followed normal distribution.Part2选择题Topic 1 - Introduction to Business Statistics & Data CollectionQ1. The universe or totality of items or things under consideration is called:a. a sample.b. a population.c. a parameter.d.none of the above.Q2. Those methods involving the collection, presentation, and characterization of a set of data in order to properly describe the various features of that set of data are called:a.inferential statistics.b.total quality management.c.sampling.d.descriptive statistics.Q3. The portion of the universe that has been selected for analysis is called:a. a sample.b. a frame.c. a parameter.d. a statistic.Q4. A summary measure that is computed to describe a numerical characteristic from only a sample of the population is called:a. a parameter.b. a census.c. a statistic.d.the scientific method.Q5. A summary measure that is computed to describe a characteristic of an entire population is called:a. a parameter.b. a census.c. a statistic.d.total quality management.Q6. The process of using sample statistics to draw conclusions about population parameters is called:a.inferential statistics.b.experimentation.c.primary sources.d.descriptive statistics.Q7. Which of the four methods of data collection is involved when a person retrieves data from an online databasea.published sources.b.experimentation.c.surveying.d.observation.Q8. Which of the four methods of data collection is involved when people are asked to complete a questionnairea.published sources.b.experimentation.c.surveying.d.observation.Q9. Which of the four methods of data collection is involved when a person records the use of the Los Angeles freeway systema.published sources.b.experimentation.c.surveying.d.observation.Q10. A focus group is an example of which of the four methods of data collectiona.published sources.b.experimentation.c.surveying.d.observation.Q11. Which of the following is true about response ratesa.The longer the questionnaire, the lower the rate.b.Mail surveys usually produce lower response rates than personal interviews or telephonesurveys.c.Question wording can affect a response rate.d. d. All of the above.Q12. Which of the following is a reason that a manager needs to know about statisticsa.To know how to properly present and describe information.b.To know how to draw conclusions about the population based on sample information.c.To know how to improve processes.d.All of the above.Scenario 1-1Questions 13-15 refer to this scenario:An insurance company evaluates many variables about a person before deciding on an appropriate rate for automobile insurance. Some of these variables can be classified as categorical, discrete and numerical, or continuous and numerical.Q13. Referring to Scenario 1-1 (above), the number of claims a person has made in the last three years is what type of variablea.Categorical.b.Discrete and numerical.c.Continuous and numerical.d.None of the above.Q14. Referring to Scenario 1-1 (above), a person's age is what type of variablea.Categorical.b.Discrete and numerical.c.Continuous and numerical.d.None of the above.Q15. Referring to Scenario 1-1 (above), a person's gender is what type of variablea.Categorical.b.Discrete and numerical.c.Continuous and numerical.d.None of the above.Q16. Which of the following can be reduced by proper interviewer traininga.Sampling error.b.Measurement error.c.Coverage error.d.Nonresponse error.Scenario 1-2Questions 17-19 refer to this scenario:Mediterranean fruit flies were discovered in California a few years ago and badly damaged the oranges grown in that state. Suppose the manager of a large farm wanted to study the impact of the fruit flies on the orange crops on a daily basis over a 6-week period. On each day a random sample of orange trees was selected from within a random sample of acres. The daily average number of damaged oranges per tree and the proportion of trees having damaged oranges were calculated.Q17. Referring to Scenario 1-2 (above), the two main measures calculated each day ., average number of damaged oranges per tree and proportion of trees having damaged oranges) are called _______.a.statistics.b.parameters.c.samples.d.populations.Q18. Referring to Scenario 1-2 (above), the two main measures calculated each day ., average number of damaged oranges per tree and proportion of trees having damaged oranges) may be used on a daily basis to estimate the respective true population _______.a.estimates.b.parameters.c.statistics.d.frame.Q19. Referring to Scenario 1-2 (above), in this study, drawing conclusions on any one day about the true population characteristics based on information obtained from the sample is called _______.a.evaluation.b.descriptive statistics.c.inferential statistics.d.survey.Scenario 1-3Questions 20 and 21 refer to this scenario:The Quality Assurance Department of a large urban hospital is attempting to monitor and evaluate patient satisfaction with hospital services. Prior to discharge, a random sample of patients is asked to fill out a questionnaire to rate such services as medical care, nursing, therapy, laboratory, food, and cleaning. The Quality Assurance Department prepares weekly reports that are presented at the Board of Directors meetings and extraordinary/atypical ratings are easy to flag.Q20. Referring to Scenario 1-3 (above), true population characteristics estimated from thesample results each week are called _____________.a.inferences.b.parameters.c.estimates.d.data.Q21. Referring to Scenario 1-3 (above), a listing of all hospitalised patients in this institution over a particular week would constitute the ________.a.sample.b.population.c.statistics.d.parameters.Scenario 1-4Questions 22-24 refer to this scenario:The following are the questions given to Sheila Drucker-Ferris in her college alumni association survey. Each variable can be classified as categorical or numerical, discrete or continuous.Q22. Referring to Scenario 1-4 (above), the data for the number of years since graduation is categorised as: __________________.a.numerical discrete.b.categorical.c.numerical continuous.d.none of the above.Q23. Referring to Scenario 1-4 (above), the data for the number of science majors is categorised as: ____________.a.categorical.b.numerical continuous.c.numerical discrete.d.none of the above.Q24. Referring to Scenario 1-4 (above), the data for tabulating the level of job satisfaction (High, Moderate, Low) is categorised as: _________.a.numerical continuous.b.categorical.c.numerical discrete.d.none of the above.Topic 2: Organising and Presenting dataQ1 The width of each bar in a histogram corresponds to the:a.boundaries of the classes.b.number of observations in the classes.c.midpoint of the classes.d.percentage of observations in the classes.Q2 When constructing charts, which of the following chart types is plotted at the class midpointsa.Frequency histograms.b.Percentage polygons.c.Cumulative relative frequency ogives.d.Relative frequency histograms.Q3 When polygons or histograms are constructed, which axis must show the true zero or "origin"a.The horizontal axis.b.The vertical axis.c.Both the horizontal and vertical axes.d.Neither the horizontal nor the vertical axis.Q4 To determine the appropriate width of each class interval in a grouped frequency distribution, we:a.divide the range of the data by the number of desired class intervals.b.divide the number of desired class intervals by the range of the datac.take the square root of the number of observations.d.take the square of the number of observations.Q5 When grouping data into classes it is recommended that we have:a.less than 5 classes.b.between 5 and 15 classes.c.more than 15 classes.d.between 10 and 30 classes.Q6 Which of the following charts would give you information regarding the number of observations "up to and including" a given groupa.Frequency histograms.b.Polygons.c.Percentage polygons.d.Cumulative relative frequency ogives.Q7 Another name for an "ogive" is a:a.frequency histogram.b.polygon.c.percentage polygon.d.cumulative percentage polygon.Q8 In analyzing categorical data, the following graphical device is NOT appropriate:a.bar chart.b.Pareto diagram.c.stem and leaf display.d.pie chart.Table 2The opinions of a sample of 200 people broken down by gender about the latest congressionalQ9 Table 2 (above) contains the opinions of a sample of 200 people broken down by gender about the latest congressional plan to eliminate anti-trust exemptions for professional baseball. Referring to Table 2, the number of people who are neutral to the plan is _______.a.36b.54c.90d.200Q10 Referring to Table 2, the number of males who are against the plan is _______.a.12b.48c.60d.96Q11 Referring to Table 2, the percentage of males among those who are for the plan is ______.a.%b.24%c.25%d.76%Q12 Referring to Table 2, the percentage who are against the plan among the females is _______.a.%b.20%c.30%d.52%Topic 3: Numerical Descriptive StatisticsQ1 Which measure of central tendency can be used for both numerical and categorical variablesa.Mean.b.Median.c.Mode.d.Quartiles.Q2 Which of the following statistics is not a measure of central tendencya.Mean.b.Median.c.Mode.d.Q3.Q3 Which of the following statements about the median is NOT truea.It is more affected by extreme values than the mean.b.It is a measure of central tendency.c.It is equal to Q2.d.It is equal to the mode in bell-shaped distributions.Q4 The value in a data set that appears most frequently is called:a.the median.b.the mode.c.the mean.d.the variance.Q5 In a perfectly symmetrical distribution:a.the mean equals the median.b.the median equals the mode.c.the mean equals the mode.d.All of the above.Q6 When extreme values are present in a set of data, which of the following descriptive summary measures are most appropriatea.CV and range.b.Mean and standard deviation.c.Median and interquartile range.d.Mode and variance.Q7 The smaller the spread of scores around the mean:a.the smaller the interquartile range.b.the smaller the standard deviation.c.the smaller the coefficient of variation.d.All the above.Q8 In a right-skewed distribution:a.the median equals the mean.b.the mean is less than the median.c.the mean is greater than the median.d.the mean is less than the mode.a.b.c.d.Q10 Referring to Table 3 (above), the median carbohydrate amount in the cereal is ________ grams.a.19b.20c.21d.Q11 Referring to Table 3 (above), the 1st quartile of the carbohydrate amounts is ________ grams.a.15b.20c.21d.25Q12 Referring to Table 3 (above), the range in the carbohydrate amounts is ________ grams.a.16b.18c.20d.21Topic 4: Basics probability and discrete probability distributionsInformation A, needed to answer Questions 1 to 2The Health and Safety committee in a large retail firm is examining the relationship between the number of days of sick leave an employee takes and whether an employee works on the day shift (D) or night shift (N). The committee looks at a sample of 50 employees and notes which shift they work on and whether the number of days of sick leave they take in a year is less than 6 daysQ1 Use Information A to answer this question. Which of the following statements about the values in the table of probabilities is not correcta.The probability of an employee taking 6 or more days of sick leave P(M) isb.The probability that an employee is on the Night Shift (N) and takes less than 6 days ofleave (L), is called a conditional probability P(N | L) =c.If you know that an employee is on day shift (D) then the probability that they will takeless than 6 days of leave (L) is the conditional probability P(L | D) =d.The probability that an employee works Day Shift (D) or takes 6 or more days of leave (M)is found using the addition rule to be P(D or M) =e.They are all correctQ2 The analyst wishes to use the Probabilities table from Information A to determine whether the work shift variable and the number of days of sick leave variable are or are not independent variables. Which of the following statements about the work shift and the number of days of sick leave variables is correcta.These variables are independent because the marginal probabilities such as P(L) are thesame as the conditional probabilities P(L | D)b.These variables are not independent because the marginal probability P(L) is differentfrom the conditional probability P(N | L)c.These variables are not independent because the joint probabilities such as P(L and N)are equal to the product of the probabilities P(L).P(N).d.These variables are dependent because the marginal probabilities such as P(L) are equalto the conditional probability P(L | N)e.None of the aboveInformation B, needed to answer Question 3Suppose the manager of a home ware retailer decides in a 5-minute period no more than 4 customers can arrive at a counter. Using past records he obtains the following probabilitythe following is the correct pair of values for the mean, the variance or standard deviation of the number of arrivals at the counter.a.Mean mu = 2 and variance sigma-squared =b.Mean mu = and variance sigma-squared =c.Mean mu = 2 and standard deviation sigma =d.Mean mu = and variance sigma-squared =e.None of the aboveInformation C, needed to answer Questions 4-6The section manager in an insurance company is interested in evaluating how well staff at the inquiry counter handle customer complaints. She interviews a sample of n = 6 customers who have made complaints and asks each of them whether staff had handled their complaints well. Each interview is called a trial. If a customer says their complaint was handled well this is called a success. She thinks that as long as these people are interviewed independently of each other then the number of people who say their complaint was handled well is a random variable with a Binomial probability distribution. The section manager thinks that the probability that a customers complaint will be handled well is p = .Q4 Use Information C to answer this question. A total of n = 6 people are interviewed independently of each other. Which of the following statements about the probability that 5 out of the 6 complaints will be handled well is correcta.less thanb.between andc.more thand.between ande.None of the aboveQ5 Using Information C, which of the following statements about the probability that 4 or less of the 6 complaints will be handled well is correcta.less thanb.more thanc.between andd.between ande.None of the aboveQ6 Suppose the section manager from Information C is interested in the measures of central tendency and variation for the number of complaints which are handled well. Which of the following sets of values, where values are rounded to 3 decimal places, is the correct set of valuesa.Mean mu = and variance sigma-squared =b.Mean mu = and variance sigma-squared =c.Mean mu = and variance sigma-squared =d.Mean mu = and standard deviation sigma =e.None of the aboveInformation D, needed to answer Questions 7-9The manager of a large retailer thinks that one reason why staff at the complaints counter fail to handle customer complaints well is that not enough staff are allocated to this counter. Past experience has shown that the number of customers who arrive at this counter has a Poisson distribution where the average number who arrive each hour is 36. He decides to look at how many customers are likely to arrive at the complaints counter during a 5-minute period.Q7 Use Information D to answer this question. Which of the following statements concerning the probability that exactly 2 customers will arrive at the counter in a 5-minute period is correcta.less thanb.between andc.between andd.more thane.None of the aboveQ8 Use Information D to answer this question. Which of the following statements concerning the probability that 3 or more customers will arrive at a counter in a 5-minute period is correcta.between andb.less thanc.more thand.between ande.None of the aboveQ9 The section manager from Information D is interested in the mean and variance of the number of customers who arrive during a 1 hour period. Which of the following is the correct set of values for these two measuresa.Mean mu = 3 and variance sigma-squared = 3b.Mean mu = 36 and standard deviation sigma =c.Mean mu = 30 and variance sigma-squared = 30d.Mean mu = 36 and standard deviation sigma = 6e.None of the aboveTopic 5: Normal probability distribution & sampling distributionQ1 Which of the following is not a property of the normal distributiona.It is bell-shaped.b.It is slightly skewed left.c.Its measures of central tendency are all identical.d.Its range is from negative infinity to positive infinity.Q2 The area under the standardized normal curve from 0 to would be:a.the same as the area from 0 to .b.equal to .c.found by using Table in your textbook.d.all of the above.Q3 Which of the following about the normal distribution is not truea.Theoretically, the mean, median, and mode are the same.b.About two-thirds of the observations fall within ± 1 standard deviation from the mean.c.It is a discrete probability distribution.d.Its parameters are the mean and standard deviation.Q4 In its standardized form, the normal distribution:a.has a mean of 0 and a standard deviation of 1.b.has a mean of 1 and a variance of 0.c.has a total area equal to .d.cannot be used to approximate discrete binomial probability distributions.Q5 In the standardized normal distribution, the probability that Z > 0 is _______.a.b.c.d.cannot be found without more informationQ6 The probability of obtaining a value greater than 110 in a normal distribution in which the mean is 100 and the standard deviation is 10 is ______________ the probability of obtaining a value greater than 650 in a normal distribution with a mean of 500 and a standard deviation of 100.a.less thanb.equal to.c.greater thand.It is unknown without more information.Q7 The probability of getting a Z score greater than is ________.a.close tob.c. a negative numberd.almost zeroQ8 For some positive value of Z, the probability that a standardized normal variable is between 0 and Z is . The value of Z isa.b.c.d.Q9 For some value of Z, the probability that a standardized normal variable is below Z is . The value of Z isa.b.c.d.Q10 Given that X is a normally distributed random variable with a mean of 50 and a standard deviation of 2, the probability that X is between 47 and 54 isa.b.c.d.Q11 For some positive value of X, the probability that a standardized normal variable is between 0 and + is . The value of X isa.b.c.d.Q12 The owner of a fish market determined that the average weight for a catfish is pounds with a standard deviation of pounds. A citation catfish should be one of the top 2 percent in weight. Assuming the weights of catfish are normally distributed, at what weight (in pounds) should the citation designation be establisheda.poundsb.poundsc.poundsd.poundsQ13 Which of the following is NOT a property of the arithmetic meana.It is unbiased.b.It is always equal to the population mean.c.Its average is equal to the population mean.d.Its variance becomes smaller when the sample size gets bigger.Q14 The sampling distribution of the mean is a distribution of:a.individual population values.b.individual sample values.c.statistics.d.parameters.Q15 The standard deviation of the sampling distribution of the mean is called the:a.standard error of the sample.b.standard error of the estimate.c.standard error of the mean.d.All of the aboveQ16 According to the central limit theorem, the sampling distribution of the mean can be approximated by the normal distribution:a.as the number of samples gets "large enough."b.as the sample size (number of observations) gets "large enough."c.as the size of the population standard deviation increases.d.as the size of the sample standard deviation decreases.Q17 For a sample size of n=10, the sampling distribution of the mean will be normally distributed:a.regardless of the population's distribution.b.if the shape of the population is symmetrical.c.if the variance of the mean is known.d.if the population is normally distributedTopic 6: EstimationQ1 The interval estimate using the t critical value is ________ than the interval estimate using the z critical value.a.Narrowerb.The same asc.Widerd.More powerfulQ2 To estimate the mean of a normal population with unknown standard deviation using a small sample, we use the ______ distribution.a.'t'b.'Z'c.samplingd.alphaQ3 If the population does not follow a normal distribution, then to use the t distribution to give a confidence interval estimate for the population mean, the sample size should be:a.at least 5b.at least 30c.at least 100d.less than 30Q4 The 'z' value or 't' value used in the confidence interval formula is called the:a.sigma valueb.critical valuec.alpha valued.none of the aboveQ5 The 'z' value that is used to construct a 90 percent confident interval is:a.b.c.d.Q6 The 'z' value that is used to construct a 95 percent confidence interval is:a.b.c.d.Q7 The sample size needed to construct a 90 percent confidence interval estimate for the population mean with sampling error ± when sigma is known to be 10 units is:a.9b.32c.75d.107Q8 The t critical value approaches the z critical value when:a.the sample size decreasesb.the sample size approaches infinityc.the confidence level increasesd.the sample is smallQ9 The t-critical value used when constructing a 99 percent confidence interval estimate with a sample of size 18 is:a.b.c.d.Q10 The t-value that would be used to construct a 90 percent confidence interval for the mean with a sample of size n 36 would be:a.b.c.d.Q11 The value of alpha (two tailed) for a 96 percent confidence interval would be: a.b.c.d.Q12 When using the t distribution for confidence interval estimates for the mean, the degrees of freedom value is:a.nb.n-1c.n-2d.n %2B 1Q13 You would interpret a 90 percent confidence interval for the population mean as:a.you can be 90 percent confident that you have selected a sample whose interval doesinclude the population meanb.if all possible samples are selected and CI's are calculated, 90 percent of those intervalswould include the true population meanc.90 percent of the population is in that intervald.both A and B are trueQ14 From a sample of 100 items, 30 were defective. A 95 percent confidence interval for the proportion of defectives in the population is:a.(.2, .4)b.(.21, .39)c.(.225, .375)d.(.236, .364)Q15 A confidence interval was used to estimate the proportion of statistics students that are male. A random sample of 70 statistics students generated the following 90 percent confidence interval: , . Using the information above, what size sample would be necessary if we wanted to estimate the true proportion to within ± using 95 percent confidencea.240b.450c.550d.150整理人：阿桤。
万用亲子英语墙卡打印版
万用亲子8000句
chapter 1-7
Going to the bathroom (上厕所）
sentences for parents
1.Take off your pants first. 先脱裤子 2.Don't forget to flush.不要忘记冲马桶 3.Don't use too much toilet paper.不要用太多手纸4.Tell me if you have to pee.有尿要告诉我哦 5.Don't hold it.Go pee.不要憋着，去尿吧。 6.It's not good to hold your pee.憋尿 不好。 7.Wash your hands after you poop. 便便完之后洗手。 8.Flush the toilet only once.冲一次马桶。 9.Call me when you're done.完事叫我 10.Ugh.who cut the cheese?谁放屁了？ 11.It looks like you were in a rush.看起来你很急 12.Does your tummy ache?你的肚子痛吗？ 13.Did you pee in your pants?你尿裤子了吗。 14.Phew!It stinks!好臭呀。
putting on/taking off clothes（穿衣服）
sentences for parents 1. Let's get changed. 换衣服吧。 2.Fold your sleeves.把袖子折起来。 3.Put on your hat.把帽子带上。 4.Your socks don't match.你的袜子 5.Where is your other sock?另一只袜子呢？ 6.Let's zip up your pants.把裤子拉上。 7.Let's button your shirt.把衣服扣上。 8.You buttoned your shirt wrong.扣子口错了。 9.You put on your shirt inside out.穿反了。 10.Take off your underclothes.把内衣脱了。 11。Let's change into some new underwear.换套新的睡衣。 12.You have outgrown these clothes.你已经穿不下这些衣服 了。 13.Put your dirty clothes in the laundry basket.把脏衣服放在 洗衣篮里。
新起点大学英语第一册Unit1--8课后答案
Unit !Text AA.reasons, purpose, understood, communication, practice, active, passive, imitatingB.BDACAmon means2.losing face3.what is in your mind4.not good5.imitate other’s speakingV ocabulary PracticeⅠpassiveunableperhapsobstaclecommonabroadremembermindⅡ 1. means 2. Whatever 3.abroad 4. purpose 5.imitate6. instead of7. overcome8. explanations9. tapes 10. communicationⅢ 1. translation 2. obstacle 3. normal 4. Concentrate 5. process6. rather than7. speed8. special9. communication 10. unableText BA.imitate, fellow, tourists, method, efficient, enjoyable, effectB.ⅠADABCⅡ teachers, fellow students, tourists, sleep, food, rest, relaxation, Walk, basketball, song, friends, movie, concert, closely, Determining, give up, tourists, relaxD.Ⅰ1. repeat, imitate, say2. bitter3. phrase4. tourist5. reorganizeⅡ 1. a.—to arrange …b.—to rest…c.—to influence…d.—to make…2. a.—music…b.—a planned…c.—communication…d.—change…3. a.—deserving…b.—very good…c.—giving…d.—working…Ⅲ1. determination; determined; determined2. effective; ineffective/effective; effect3. imitate; imitation4. happiness; happily; happiest; unhappy5. meaningful; meaning; meaningless; meanWriting PracticeⅠ1. allow 2. is 3. is 4. seem 5. have 6.have 7.has 8. shows 9. appears 10. is11. are 12. was 13. makes 14. admit(ed) 15. have 16. are 17. has 18. haveⅡ 1. √ 2. √3. The latest news of the flood survivors is very disturbing.4. √5. The crowd were growing restless as the day got hotter.6. Sony has been one of the major sponsors for the Asia-Pacific Youth ScienceFair in the past three decades.7. The public have a right to know what happened.8. √9. A lot of the pollution was caused by the power plants on the edge of city.10. √ 11. √ 12.√13. All the furniture was moved to another office.ⅢCS, SS, SS, CS, CX, CXⅣ1. Doing the exercises is for the purpose of practice.Getting a higher education is for the purpose of better service for the country.2. Do you think you could learn to play basketball by reading books and watching others play?Do you think you could become a good dancer by sitting in a chair and watching others dance?3. You will find yourselfunable to understand if you only learn “Special English〞.You will find yourself strong in English if you live in an English speaking country for a year?4. Repeat what you hear as closely as you can, and your pronunciation will improve with practice.Show me what you have in your pocket, and I will let you pass.5.Perhaps we can say that learning English is like taking Chinese medicine.Perhaps we can say that planning our life is like painting a picture.Ⅴ1. Idon’t know if I have made myself understood.2.You should take a more active part/be more active in class and try to practice speakingEnglish with your classmates.3.In the process of English learning, we have overcome many difficulties.4.Attending a university abroad can cost you a lot of money.5.Reading aloud can improve your pronunciation.6.Listening to music is an excellent means of relaxation.7.You don’t have to give up rest and sports to be a good student.8.Every now and then, you should write to your parents.Unit 2Text AA.hunt/search, treasure, purposes, make, remind, interesting, usesB.ⅠBBABCⅡ 1. money, a valuable antique, their collections2. remind people of their childhood3. The classes they have taken.The books they have read.4. an old clothes iron used as a bookenda children’s toy car used to decorate a guest rooman antique quilt used for wall displayed thins/ unwanted things in one’s houseD.ⅠtrashValuableMake moneyEnjoyUsedAddSellsaveⅡ 1. treasure 2. extra 3. brought 4. value 5. adds6. flaw7. display8. Armed with9. antique 10. added colorⅢ 1. favorite 2. hunting for 3. remind…of 4. homemade 5. made7.remind 7. used 8. Whatever 9. unique 10. second-handText BA.hobby, designs, interests, collection, whether, ones, use, enjoyment/pleasure,knowledge, friends, find, whereB.ⅠCADBCⅡ1.those that were used in ancient times2.those in use both in the past and at present3. from other countries4. to clean them with soap and warm water when they are caked withdirtD.Ⅰ1. worldwide, nationwide 2. shopper, collector, hunter, seller, visitor3. ancient, antique, aged4. antique-collecting, coin-collecting, record-colleting5. pleasure, enjoymentⅡ 1. a.—an activity…b.—drawing…c.-- decorative…d.-- money that…2. a. – too expensive…b.-- belonging to …c. – not famous…d. –modern…3. a.—to choose…b.—to get rid of something…c.—to included.—to bring…Ⅲ1. collect; collector ;collective; collection; Collect;collectable/collectible2. use; use; used; useless; used; Used; useful3.enjoys; enjoyment; enjoyable; enjoyed4. cost;costs;costly;cost5. presents; presence; present; present; presentation; presentedWriting PracticeⅠ1. Vivian brought all her knowledge to the team.2. The couple named their first son John.3. Please write a letter for him to support his application.4. The young graduate has become a new teacher.5. Listen to the teacher carefully and practice.6. You must be an active rather than a passive student.7. The trainer recommended trying an easy training program first.8. Learning a foreign language is for the purpose of communication.9. They all wished him a happy journey home.10. She wouldn’t like to stay a waitress for long.Ⅱ 1. The attitude of some students today makes me feel angry.2. √3. The winning team proudly showed their fans their award.4. The housekeeper explained the problem to us.5. √6. The though of losing face drives the young actress absolutely crazy.7. When he made out his will, Mr. Simpson refused to leave anything to his youngest son.8. √9. George Bush had been elected the new President of the United States.10. They denied the prisoners’ food or water.Ⅲ 1. There were dark clouds overhead.2. There is something wrong with her telephone.3. There is something strange about the way he smiles4. There is no possible choice to change the plan.5. There are too many people trying to get into the stadium for the concert.6. There is nothing you can do to help. I’m afraid.7. There is a small river running through the garden.8. There was nothing on her desk but a calendar.9. There was a big blue sign on the window.10. There were no traffic lights after midnight.Ⅳ 1. Others simply buy whatever looks interesting.The convenient shops sell whatever people need.2. Some people but used goods simply to save money..We do morning exercise simply to gain strength.3. A collection of present-day coins…is worldwide in scope.The argument is acceptable in form.4. Another way to start a collection is to select the best examples of coins now in use.A clever way to solve the problem is to delete the sentence.5. Never clean a coin unless it is caked with dirt.Never ask about the salary in a job interview unless the boss mentioned it.Ⅴ1. Armed with raincoat and flashlight, he joined in the fight against the flood.2. Some people choose to shop in the supermarket, while others like to hunt for goods in the second-hand shop.3. Some people search through/hunt for used goods simply to save money.4. This new song caught the fancy of the public at once.5. Coin collection may add to out enjoyment in life.6. This factory produces whatever makes money for it.7. This is a costly way of making a living.8. The visit to Mr. John Nash will always remain in my memory.Unit 3Text AA.explained, animal, existed, passed around, in fact/truth, track, remained, suspicious, speak,wrongB.ⅠCBBADⅡ amazing night visionFur colorA ridiculous nameThe Ice AgeNo Track of it is leftD.ⅠreturnMistakeStuffFigure outVisionSuspiciousWipe outGradeⅡ 1. shocked 2. vision 3. credit 4. ridiculous 5. recorded6. make up7. truth8. fun9. amazing 10. thereforeⅢ 1. wipe out 2. take notes 3. credits 4. learn from 5. Pass6.speak up7. figure out8. Needless to say9. made up 10. Have funText BA.lecture, assignments, self-confidence, dreamed of, passed, result, convinced, writtenB.ⅠBADDBⅡ 1. continue the novel by writing a chapter that would follow2. until he got3. That changed his life4. encouraging; tough; honest5. she became a writer herselfD. Ⅰ1. assignment, exercise 2. grade, credit 3. encouraging, writer4. teacher, writer5. incorrect, insecureⅡ 1. a—to rememberb.—to consider…c.—to increase…d.—to make…2. a.—to begin…b.—to think about…c.—to hand downd.—to give…3. a.—meeting…b.—homeworkc.—belief…d.—limits…Ⅲ1. specialist, specialty, specialize, special2. secure, securely/Security, security, insecure3. successfully, success, unsuccessful, successful4. confident, confidence, confidently5. fulfillment, fulfillWriting PracticeI CCCDD UUUUU DCDCU DDCUDII 1. Repairing car engines is easy if you’ve got the right equipment.2. Both my brother and sister are looking for jobs.3. The price of housing/houses has increased by 42% last year.4. After so many previous successes, it was inevitable that one of his films would be unpopular.5. I’ve had a dislike of chicken ever since I was a child.6.√7. We have to listen to some long and boring speeches after the meal.8. √9. The use of recycled paper is saving thousands of trees from being but down each year.10. √III damage, systems, disease, program, lectures, interest, families, friendsIV 1. The students had been reading The Catcher in the Rye. Now they were to write their own chapter.The police had been investigating the case. Now they were to speak to the press.2.UntilI read those words, Ihad no idea of who I was or whatI was going to be.Until I got your help, I had no idea of who I should trust and where I could get real aid.3. Dalkoff is convinced that none of this would have happened had that woman not written whose four words in the margin of his paper.Grandma is convinced that something would have happened had the young volunteer not helped her with luggage.4. He told us not to let our minds go to sleep.His former classmate told us not to make him believe the story.5. Not everyone sees the value in this.Not everyone has an interest in it.V 1. He finished the math assignment and turned it in.2. I am convinced that I’ll fulfill what I dream of .3. Please read this notice and pass it on to others.4. I have no idea of what has changed my life.5. Needless to say, Uncle Dick made up the story for the children.6. No on can figure out why no track of the animal has ever remained.7. Most young people have fun chatting on the Net.8. Now I cannot recall that incorrect information.Unit 4Text AA.as, roles/parts, films/ movies, popular, number, performances, ambassador, until,world, styleB.I DACCDII 1. went to the U. S. to try her luck there2. turned out to be a great success3. reached the peak of her career4. she was on top5. her graceful styleD. I gracefulProducerSuccessPeakMarryRetainQualityHistoryII career, signed, headed, turned, popularity, followed, peak, leading, retain, totalIII suitable, seems, find, screen, heading for, gained, performance, favorite, reached, styleText BA.childhood, of, at, wore, belief, famous, contact, as, status, popularB.I DBDCDII 1. sweet smile, curly hair, fancy clips2. a Favorite Motion Picture Actress Awarda 28th People’s Choice Awardan Oscar award in 2001an income of US $18 million for each film3. making full use of her trademark smiletaking advantage of her lookssmiling and looking for change when life is hardbeginning a long love affair with booksplaying on the high school tennis team and acting Shakespeare dramasD I 1. glasses, clips, smile2. kids, poet, children, girl3. acting, drama, movie, modeling4. tennis5. beautiful, fair, sweetII 1. a.—to cause…b.—to ruin…c.—to stop…d.—to gain…2. a.—widely…b.—relatively…c.—well…d.—pleasing…3. a.—a sad eventb.—position…c.—trust…d.—a woman…III 1. destructive, destruction, destroyed2. popular, unpopular, popularity3. childish, child, Childhood, childlike4. expectation, unexpected, expects, expected5. choice, chose, choiceWriting PracticeI it. he, they, who, you, them, her, ours, his, they, his or her, his, their, their, their, its II 1. you, those2. himself, his3. who,her4. you,anyone, your, you5. Neither, that6. Which, these, you7. itself8. he9. that, he10. their11. who12.they,that13.something, she14. we15. thatIII1.I had a swim, quickly dried myself and put on my clothes.2.There’s no need for you to come, I can carry the shopping myself.3.√4.√5.√6.They were so excited that they almost drank themselves to death.7.It was another rainy day and we didn’t know what to do with ourselves.8.You ought to be ashamed of yourself.9.√10.√IV 1.The part still wasn’t much, so she headed for America to try her luck there.2. This film turned out to be a great success and she won an Oscar as Beat Actress.3. In an industry that often destroys its young people, 35-year-old Roberts is still popular.4. She continues to build a belief in herself despite tragedy in her life.5. They take away that dreamy quality of life that kids should be allowed.V. 1. He did not feel that he had found his suitable place in life until he got a job in that computer company.2. The writer reached the peak of his writing career when he published his third novel in 2000.3. He retained his position as mayor of the city until his retirement.4. The film reminded him of what he had seen in China.5. To get the position of general manager of the company he made full use of his talents.6. We set off for the Yellow Mountain despite the bad weather.7. The merchant took advantage of the situation and made a large sum of money.8. After graduation she went to Shenzhen to begin a career in business.Unit 5Text AA.health, climate, cold, Surfing, mountain, hiking, games, out, racing, ridingB.I CBADBII keep people healthy, help people feel good, make people happyBeaches, rivers, lakesCold climate, Oceans, MountainsD. I adultGameBeachClimateSurfingFavoriteAcrossPlainII adult, Surfing, joke, enjoy, grow, all over, good for, speed, called, plainsIII call, horseback, enjoyed, mountains/winters, favorite, riding, huge, good for, play games, climateText BA.narrow, while, broad, fondness, reserved, carry, pleasant, country, mountain, loseB.I BADCAII dashing toward him, whizzing by without slowing down a bithe was on the bikewayspecial spaces are reserved for bikes, people carry bikesin the country, oneself in NatureD.I 1.dash, rush 2. red-roofed, white-haired 3. biker, rider 4. inter-city, inter0personal, inter0racial 5. pavement, bikeway, highway, freewayII 1. a—to form…b.—to keep…c.—to consider…d.—to confuse2. a—connected…b—not widec—based on natural abilityd—halfway…3. a—a fast…b—the physical…c—sidewalk…d—a small…III 1. lost, loss 2. imagination, imagining, imaginary 3. natural, nature, naturalist 4. friendly, friends, friendship 5. like, likely, likeness, like, UnlikeWriting PracticeI 1. The, the / 2. the,/ 3. an, the, a ,/ 4. the, the, 5. /, a 6. a, the 7. an,the 8. the, a9. the,/10. a, /II 1. The country has a wonderful climate.2.√3. We need an environment free from pollution.4. She has been working in the fashion industry since she left school.5. The USA is a country with a high level of immigration.6. She has become an important figure in the country’s politics.7. It’s the most important issue and we need to discuss it in detail.9. Instead of calling on the phone, you can write an e-mail.10. An experienced bus driver can make the passengers feel more comfortable.III The, The, the ,The, the, the, the, theIV 1. Having fun with their friends makes them happy.2. There can be no mountain climbing where there are no mountains.3. What a pleasure thing it will be to carry your bike to the country and lose yourself in Nature.4.Turning back, I saw a young man dashing toward me on a bike.5. How about renting a bike and taking a ride too?V. 1. No wonder he had a special fondness for biking; his father was a biker years ago.2. Soon we learned that this express train was heading for Chicago.3. I don’t think you should blame him for standing on the bikeway. He didn’t know that.4. Munich is famous for its beer.5. Their friendship grows out of trust and support.6. Mountain climbing and skiing were once two of his favorite sports.7. On New Year’s Day, she spent 5 hours sending short massages over the mobile phone, without doing anything else.8. Only the European Union was eager to take action.Unit 6Text AA.custom, late, tea, popular, nation, dependant, cause, import, ChinaB.I ABADCII 1. 4 kilos,1,650 cups2. in bed, round the fire, out in the garden3. warm, cool, cheerful, calmD IIndependenceApprovalExcitedSunnyImportOfficialCheerTroubleCoolFashionableII custom, fashionable, average, liquid, sheered, minister, independence, harbor, century, strengthsIII suffer, sank, imported, approval, depressed, taste, naturally, national, slightest, comfortingText BA.reservations, embarrassed, wait, sure, properly, sounds, moderate, talk, concern, asB.I ADBCCII 1. bad impression2. count 20 seconds3. Taking and chewing4. A restroom5. One of the waiters.D, I 1. hand, mouth, finger, lap2. gentle, moderate3. fork, napkin, chopsticks4. gobble, chew5. restroom, reading-room, waiting-roomII 1. a—to put…b—to bite…c—to communicate…d—to move2. a—to arriveb—to try hardc—to be expected…d—to remember…3. a—opinion…b—the speed…c—a way of…d—a band…III 1. advanced, advance, advances, advancement, advanced2. impressed, impress, impression, impressed3. measures, measured, measurements, measurable4. please, pleased, unpleasant, pleasant5. requires, requirementsWriting PracticeI.L I L I I A I T I LII 1. Our teacher have each of us another chance to take the exam.2. The president did not want to discuss the issue.3.. √4. √5. √6. √7. Since we enjoyed both the coffee and our conversations, we stayed in the cage for several hours.8. Would you mind moving away from the window? I can’t see anything from here.9. √10. This time, he had a very good reason telling him to carry out the plan.III were destroyed arrived are needed was called be handled held were offered was written posted took placeIV 1. It is a popular practice in English to take some slight refreshments at five o’clock.2. Today the British drink more tea than any other nation.3. You spend the rest of the time watching your date eat.4. Nothing is more unpleasant than watching someone talk and chew their food at the same time.5. Don’t place your fork in the side of your mouth as it increases the chances of food sliding away.V. 1. The construction of the palace may go back to the 15th century.2. In the past few days I have been suffering from a bad headache.3. Don’t mention these pleasant things again.4. Before she went out of the mountainous region, she had never heard of trains.5. Be sure to close all the doors and windows before you leave the classroom.6. Mind that dishes don’t slide away from your hand.7. When the kids is playing, keep your eyes on hi, at all times.8. After reading the books, place them neatly on the bookshelf.Unit 7Text AA.staying, instead, enroll, exercises, review, e-mails, book, regular/necessaryB.I ACDBCII the work and life in their comfortable rooms sending e-mails download adapt to D I nervousForeverNecessaryPersonalCostComfortRegularMistakeIncreasinglyII struggling, necessary, technology, endure, increasingly, clothing, online, plug into, campus, reviewIII cost, major, freshmen, arrangement, turned out, nervous, budget, adapt to, speech, forever Text BA.device, operate/control, keyboards, portable, everywhere, serve, software, linkB.I CDCDAD I chairman, manager, engineerliving-room, bedroom, kitchenhandheld, spreadsheet, anywhere, keyboard, chairman, living-room, bedroomkeyboard, touch-screenreviver e-mail, work on a spreadsheet, listen to music, check the weatherII 1. a—to be suitable…b—to join…c—to use or control…d—to examine…2. a—a person who starts…b--- a piece of…c—a person who buys…d—a group of…3. a—easy to carry…b—between…c—far awayd—connected with or…III 1. realized, reality, really, real, realization2. entertainment, entertain, entertaining, entertained3. produces, production, product, productive, producer4. founded, founder, foundation5. clear, clarify, unclear, clearlyWriting PracticeI 1. The National Art Museum of China houses China’s largest collection of modern art.2. We are trying out a new supplier at the moment. The old one was too expensive.3. Swimming provides exercise for more muscle groups than any other sports.4. When we got to the station the train had just left, so we missed our connection.5. John could not understand why her computer crashed; it had been working perfectly for as long as she could remember.6. My family has lived in this town for over 50 years.7. Dan Brown wrote some of the most successful stories in modern time.8. It is the worst sports program I have ever seen.9. May people consider Kennedy to be the greatest President the United States has had.10.We can stat the interview now, since all the candidates have arrived.11. During the training, I learned a lot less than my life.12. My brother applied for a visa three times before he got one.13. We were wondering whether you would like to join us.14. It used to take me over an hour and a half to get to work.15. She is getting used to the new technology.II 1. –b -a 2. –b -a 3. –b -a 4. –a -b 5. –b -aIII was, was, started, became, moved ,got ,was produced, made, had made, have been, was, livesIV. 1. Have you wondered if it will ever be possible to play video games and receive e-mails without sitting at a keyboard?2. It turned to be the first big mistake of her college life.3. He played a video tape showing ho a family could use such a device.4. Perhaps best of all, she works on papers and other assignments in the comfort of her room instead of having to go to a university lab.5. But the question that made her very nervous was almost as new as a freshman is on campus. (It’s just become as regular a part of our lives as our alarm clock, our pen and paper, books, our libraries and even the phones.)V. 1. You are not as clever as you think you are.2. It’s necessary for students to know how to operate the computer.3. We found much information about the university from the Web.4. These days many people go abroad in search of opportunities.5. He left without telling me.6. The extra money will allow us to buy a car.7. This kind of TV is now on sale in may shops.8. The taste is a cross between coffee and chocolate.Unit 8Text AA.Icehotel, located, Circle, carved, served, dished, entirely, outdoor, pulledB.I CCBBDII an attraction/located thereglasses and plates are made of iceIt creates hundreds ofguests have to sleep in sleeping bags and wear fur hatsworking in the iron minesD. I belowTinyCreateLeaveDropOutdoorEmployGuestII attracts, tiny, creates, all over the world, Business, located, barely, outdoor, developed, employsIII serves, degrees, carved, customs, sleeping bags, steam, sled, temperature, industry, employedText BA.temperatures, into, levels, However, published, finding, According, fact, warmer, atmosphereB.I ABCCBII greenhouse, man-made, carbon dioxide, Higher temperatures, sea levels, Change, more snow falls, ice ageD. I satellite, radar ice, snow, steam worldwide, global, all over the wordcarbon dioxide, smoke scientist expertIII 1. a—a thin…b—an idea or set of…c—someone…d—a picture…2. a—including…b—causing…c—existing in nature…d—coming from…3. a—a feeling…b—something…c—to make…d—the continuous…III create, creative, creationbelief, unbelievable, believe, believableremoval, removed, removablewarm, warmth, warmingharm, harmless, harmfulWriting PracticeI c b c c a cb c a cII 1. The acting and the costumes were excellent, (but as for the plot), it was terrible!2. It must have been raining very hard. All (the passers-by are soaked through).3．mine was the one just after4. for hospitals and schools throughout the crisis5. get away from the area6. tight on top of the cupboard7. from the well by means of a rope8. to just under three hours9. on behalf of the winner10. opposite the man with the beardIII in beside/ next to behind In front of in Beyond between/ beyond aboveIV 1. With temperatures below five degrees, you sleep on a bed carved of ice.2. There are icy beds for those who choose to get married in the ice church.3. The ice sheets are like very slow rivers, with ice flowing down “ice streams〞.4. By studying the satellite images, Johns found that the ice streams had slowed in the last 20 years.5. The warmed they get, the more water goes into the atmosphere.V. 1. More and more people from all over the world come to visit China.2. Would you like to join in our camping?3. The beautiful natural view inspired him to go traveling.4. There are many places for people to visit in that area.5. We are greatly concerned about the influence of human activities on the environment.6. The earth would become warmer if we do not take any measures to cope with the global warming.7. Man-made gases are harmful to the atmosphere.8. Experts suggest that we put forward better ideas to protect America.。
《Business statistic》复习参考(第一章至第八章)讲解学习
《Business Statistic》中国人民大学出版社英文版第五版chapter1~8复习参考Part1名词解释1、Statistics is a method of extracting useful information from a set of numerical data in order tomake a more effective and informed decision.2、Descriptive Statistics：These are statistical methods of organizing, summarizing andpresenting numerical data in convenient forms such as graphs, charts and tables.3、Inferential statistics is defined as statistical methods used for drawing conclusions about apopulation based on samples.4、Primary data is obtained first hand.5、Secondary data already exists or has been previously collected such as company accounts, orsales figures.6、Mean: The arithmetic average and the most common measure ofaaaaaaa central tendency. ①All values are included in computing the mean.②A set of data has a unique mean ③The mean is affected by unusually large or small data points (outliers / extreme values).7、Mode: The most frequent data, or data corresponding to the highest frequency. ①Mode is notaffected by extreme values. ②There may not be a mode. ③There may be several modes. ④Used for either numerical or categorical data.8、Median is the value that splits a ranked set of data into two equal parts. ①Median is notaffected by extremely large or small values and is therefore a valuable measure of central tendency when such values occur.9、Standard Deviation: ①A measure of the variation of data from the mean. ②The mostcommonly used measure of variation. ③Represented by the symbol ‘s’. ④Shows how the data is distributed around the mean.10、Probability is the chance of an occurrence of an event. ①Probability of an eventalways lies between 0 and 1. ②The sum of the probabilities of every possible outcome or event is 1. ③The probability of the complement A’ is given by 1-P(A).11、Properties of Normal distribution：①Continuous random variable. ②‘Bell-shaped’ &symmetrical. ③Mean, median, mode are equal ④Area under the curve is 1.12、The Central Limited Theorem：①If the population followed normal distribution, thesampling distribution of mean is followed normal distribution. ②If the population do not followed normal distribution, but the sample size is larger than 30, the sampling distribution of mean is followed normal distribution.Part2选择题Topic 1 - Introduction to Business Statistics & Data CollectionQ1. The universe or totality of items or things under consideration is called:a. a sample.b. a population.c. a parameter.d.none of the above.Q2. Those methods involving the collection, presentation, and characterization of a set of data in order to properly describe the various features of that set of data are called:a.inferential statistics.b.total quality management.c.sampling.d.descriptive statistics.Q3. The portion of the universe that has been selected for analysis is called:a. a sample.b. a frame.c. a parameter.d. a statistic.Q4. A summary measure that is computed to describe a numerical characteristic from only a sample of the population is called:a. a parameter.b. a census.c. a statistic.d.the scientific method.Q5. A summary measure that is computed to describe a characteristic of an entire population is called:a. a parameter.b. a census.c. a statistic.d.total quality management.Q6. The process of using sample statistics to draw conclusions about population parameters is called:a.inferential statistics.b.experimentation.c.primary sources.d.descriptive statistics.Q7. Which of the four methods of data collection is involved when a person retrieves data from an online database?a.published sources.b.experimentation.c.surveying.d.observation.Q8. Which of the four methods of data collection is involved when people are asked to complete a questionnaire?a.published sources.b.experimentation.c.surveying.d.observation.Q9. Which of the four methods of data collection is involved when a person records the use of the Los Angeles freeway system?a.published sources.b.experimentation.c.surveying.d.observation.Q10. A focus group is an example of which of the four methods of data collection?a.published sources.b.experimentation.c.surveying.d.observation.Q11. Which of the following is true about response rates?a.The longer the questionnaire, the lower the rate.b.Mail surveys usually produce lower response rates than personal interviews or telephonesurveys.c.Question wording can affect a response rate.d. d. All of the above.Q12. Which of the following is a reason that a manager needs to know about statistics?a.To know how to properly present and describe information.b.To know how to draw conclusions about the population based on sample information.c.To know how to improve processes.d.All of the above.Scenario 1-1Questions 13-15 refer to this scenario:An insurance company evaluates many variables about a person before deciding on an appropriate rate for automobile insurance. Some of these variables can be classified as categorical, discrete and numerical, or continuous and numerical.Q13. Referring to Scenario 1-1 (above), the number of claims a person has made in the last three years is what type of variable?a.Categorical.b.Discrete and numerical.c.Continuous and numerical.d.None of the above.Q14. Referring to Scenario 1-1 (above), a person's age is what type of variable?a.Categorical.b.Discrete and numerical.c.Continuous and numerical.d.None of the above.Q15. Referring to Scenario 1-1 (above), a person's gender is what type of variable?a.Categorical.b.Discrete and numerical.c.Continuous and numerical.d.None of the above.Q16. Which of the following can be reduced by proper interviewer training?a.Sampling error.b.Measurement error.c.Coverage error.d.Nonresponse error.Scenario 1-2Questions 17-19 refer to this scenario:Mediterranean fruit flies were discovered in California a few years ago and badly damaged the oranges grown in that state. Suppose the manager of a large farm wanted to study the impact of the fruit flies on the orange crops on a daily basis over a 6-week period. On each day a random sample of orange trees was selected from within a random sample of acres. The daily average number of damaged oranges per tree and the proportion of trees having damaged oranges were calculated.Q17. Referring to Scenario 1-2 (above), the two main measures calculated each day (i.e., average number of damaged oranges per tree and proportion of trees having damaged oranges) are called _______.a.statistics.b.parameters.c.samples.d.populations.Q18. Referring to Scenario 1-2 (above), the two main measures calculated each day (i.e., average number of damaged oranges per tree and proportion of trees having damaged oranges) may be used on a daily basis to estimate the respective true population _______.a.estimates.b.parameters.c.statistics.d.frame.Q19. Referring to Scenario 1-2 (above), in this study, drawing conclusions on any one day about the true population characteristics based on information obtained from the sample is called _______.a.evaluation.b.descriptive statistics.c.inferential statistics.d.survey.Scenario 1-3Questions 20 and 21 refer to this scenario:The Quality Assurance Department of a large urban hospital is attempting to monitor and evaluate patient satisfaction with hospital services. Prior to discharge, a random sample of patients is asked to fill out a questionnaire to rate such services as medical care, nursing, therapy, laboratory, food, and cleaning. The Quality Assurance Department prepares weekly reports that are presented at the Board of Directors meetings and extraordinary/atypical ratings are easy to flag.Q20. Referring to Scenario 1-3 (above), true population characteristics estimated from the sample results each week are called _____________.a.inferences.b.parameters.c.estimates.d.data.Q21. Referring to Scenario 1-3 (above), a listing of all hospitalised patients in this institution over a particular week would constitute the ________.a.sample.b.population.c.statistics.d.parameters.Scenario 1-4Questions 22-24 refer to this scenario:The following are the questions given to Sheila Drucker-Ferris in her college alumni association survey. Each variable can be classified as categorical or numerical, discrete or continuous.Q22. Referring to Scenario 1-4 (above), the data for the number of years since graduation is categorised as: __________________.a.numerical discrete.b.categorical.c.numerical continuous.d.none of the above.Q23. Referring to Scenario 1-4 (above), the data for the number of science majors is categorised as: ____________.a.categorical.b.numerical continuous.c.numerical discrete.d.none of the above.Q24. Referring to Scenario 1-4 (above), the data for tabulating the level of job satisfaction (High, Moderate, Low) is categorised as: _________.a.numerical continuous.b.categorical.c.numerical discrete.d.none of the above.Topic 2: Organising and Presenting dataQ1 The width of each bar in a histogram corresponds to the:a.boundaries of the classes.b.number of observations in the classes.c.midpoint of the classes.d.percentage of observations in the classes.Q2 When constructing charts, which of the following chart types is plotted at the class midpoints?a.Frequency histograms.b.Percentage polygons.c.Cumulative relative frequency ogives.d.Relative frequency histograms.Q3 When polygons or histograms are constructed, which axis must show the true zero or "origin"?a.The horizontal axis.b.The vertical axis.c.Both the horizontal and vertical axes.d.Neither the horizontal nor the vertical axis.Q4 To determine the appropriate width of each class interval in a grouped frequency distribution, we:a.divide the range of the data by the number of desired class intervals.b.divide the number of desired class intervals by the range of the datac.take the square root of the number of observations.d.take the square of the number of observations.Q5 When grouping data into classes it is recommended that we have:a.less than 5 classes.b.between 5 and 15 classes.c.more than 15 classes.d.between 10 and 30 classes.Q6 Which of the following charts would give you information regarding the number of observations "up to and including" a given group?a.Frequency histograms.b.Polygons.c.Percentage polygons.d.Cumulative relative frequency ogives.Q7 Another name for an "ogive" is a:a.frequency histogram.b.polygon.c.percentage polygon.d.cumulative percentage polygon.Q8 In analyzing categorical data, the following graphical device is NOT appropriate:a.bar chart.b.Pareto diagram.c.stem and leaf display.d.pie chart.Table 2The opinions of a sample of 200 people broken down by gender about the latest congressional For Neutral Against Totals Female 38 54 12 104Male 12 36 48 96Q9 Table 2 (above) contains the opinions of a sample of 200 people broken down by gender about the latest congressional plan to eliminate anti-trust exemptions for professional baseball. Referring to Table 2, the number of people who are neutral to the plan is _______.a.36b.54c.90d.200Q10 Referring to Table 2, the number of males who are against the plan is _______.a.12b.48c.60d.96Q11 Referring to Table 2, the percentage of males among those who are for the plan is ______.a.12.5%b.24%c.25%d.76%Q12 Referring to Table 2, the percentage who are against the plan among the females is _______.a.11.54%b.20%c.30%d.52%Topic 3: Numerical Descriptive StatisticsQ1 Which measure of central tendency can be used for both numerical and categorical variables?a.Mean.b.Median.c.Mode.d.Quartiles.Q2 Which of the following statistics is not a measure of central tendency?a.Mean.b.Median.c.Mode.d.Q3.Q3 Which of the following statements about the median is NOT true?a.It is more affected by extreme values than the mean.b.It is a measure of central tendency.c.It is equal to Q2.d.It is equal to the mode in bell-shaped distributions.Q4 The value in a data set that appears most frequently is called:a.the median.b.the mode.c.the mean.d.the variance.Q5 In a perfectly symmetrical distribution:a.the mean equals the median.b.the median equals the mode.c.the mean equals the mode.d.All of the above.Q6 When extreme values are present in a set of data, which of the following descriptive summary measures are most appropriate?a.CV and range.b.Mean and standard deviation.c.Median and interquartile range.d.Mode and variance.Q7 The smaller the spread of scores around the mean:a.the smaller the interquartile range.b.the smaller the standard deviation.c.the smaller the coefficient of variation.d.All the above.Q8 In a right-skewed distribution:a.the median equals the mean.b.the mean is less than the median.c.the mean is greater than the median.d.the mean is less than the mode.Q9 Referring to Table 3 (above), the mean carbohydrates in this sample is ________ grams.a.15.25b.19.73c.21.42d.21.70Q10 Referring to Table 3 (above), the median carbohydrate amount in the cereal is ________ grams.a.19b.20c.21d.21.5Q11 Referring to Table 3 (above), the 1st quartile of the carbohydrate amounts is ________ grams.a.15b.20c.21d.25Q12 Referring to Table 3 (above), the range in the carbohydrate amounts is ________ grams.a.16b.18c.20d.21Topic 4: Basics probability and discrete probability distributionsInformation A, needed to answer Questions 1 to 2The Health and Safety committee in a large retail firm is examining the relationship between the number of days of sick leave an employee takes and whether an employee works on the day shift (D) or night shift (N). The committee looks at a sample of 50 employees and notes which shift they work on and whether the number of days of sick leave they take in a year is less than 6 daysQ1 Use Information A to answer this question. Which of the following statements about the values in the table of probabilities is not correct?a.The probability of an employee taking 6 or more days of sick leave P(M) is 0.6b.The probability that an employee is on the Night Shift (N) and takes less than 6 days ofleave (L), is called a conditional probability P(N | L) = 0.6c.If you know that an employee is on day shift (D) then the probability that they will takeless than 6 days of leave (L) is the conditional probability P(L | D) = 0.4d.The probability that an employee works Day Shift (D) or takes 6 or more days of leave(M) is found using the addition rule to be P(D or M) = 0.76e.They are all correctQ2 The analyst wishes to use the Probabilities table from Information A to determine whether the work shift variable and the number of days of sick leave variable are or are not independent variables. Which of the following statements about the work shift and the number of days of sickleave variables is correct ?a.These variables are independent because the marginal probabilities such as P(L) are thesame as the conditional probabilities P(L | D)b.These variables are not independent because the marginal probability P(L) is differentfrom the conditional probability P(N | L)c.These variables are not independent because the joint probabilities such as P(L and N) areequal to the product of the probabilities P(L).P(N).d.These variables are dependent because the marginal probabilities such as P(L) are equalto the conditional probability P(L | N)e.None of the aboveInformation B, needed to answer Question 3Suppose the manager of a home ware retailer decides in a 5-minute period no more than 4 customers can arrive at a counter. Using past records he obtains the following probabilityTable 4-3Arrivals (X) 0 1 2 3 4P(X) .15 .20 .30 .20 .15Q3 Use Information B to answer this question. If values are rounded to 3 decimal places which of the following is the correct pair of values for the mean, the variance or standard deviation of the number of arrivals at the counter.a.Mean mu = 2 and variance sigma-squared = 1.265b.Mean mu = 2.5 and variance sigma-squared = 1.6c.Mean mu = 2 and standard deviation sigma = 1.6d.Mean mu = 2.4 and variance sigma-squared = 1.6e.None of the aboveInformation C, needed to answer Questions 4-6The section manager in an insurance company is interested in evaluating how well staff at the inquiry counter handle customer complaints. She interviews a sample of n = 6 customers who have made complaints and asks each of them whether staff had handled their complaints well. Each interview is called a trial. If a customer says their complaint was handled well this is called a success. She thinks that as long as these people are interviewed independently of each other then the number of people who say their complaint was handled well is a random variable with a Binomial probability distribution. The section manager thinks that the probability that a customers complaint will be handled well is p = 0.75.Q4 Use Information C to answer this question. A total of n = 6 people are interviewed independently of each other. Which of the following statements about the probability that 5 out of the 6 complaints will be handled well is correcta.less than 0.06b.between 0.23 and 0.24c.more than 0.35d.between 0.30 and 0.32e.None of the aboveQ5 Using Information C, which of the following statements about the probability that 4 or less of the 6 complaints will be handled well is correcta.less than 0.36b.more than 0.52c.between 0.45 and 0.475d.between 0.15 and 0.175e.None of the aboveQ6 Suppose the section manager from Information C is interested in the measures of central tendency and variation for the number of complaints which are handled well. Which of the following sets of values, where values are rounded to 3 decimal places, is the correct set of valuesa.Mean mu = 4.5 and variance sigma-squared = 1.125b.Mean mu = 4.5 and variance sigma-squared = 1.061c.Mean mu = 1.5 and variance sigma-squared = 1.125d.Mean mu = 1.5 and standard deviation sigma = 1.061e.None of the aboveInformation D, needed to answer Questions 7-9The manager of a large retailer thinks that one reason why staff at the complaints counter fail to handle customer complaints well is that not enough staff are allocated to this counter. Past experience has shown that the number of customers who arrive at this counter has a Poisson distribution where the average number who arrive each hour is 36. He decides to look at how many customers are likely to arrive at the complaints counter during a 5-minute period.Q7 Use Information D to answer this question. Which of the following statements concerning the probability that exactly 2 customers will arrive at the counter in a 5-minute period is correcta.less than 0.05b.between 0.21 and 0.23c.between 0.16 and 0.18d.more than 0.25e.None of the aboveQ8 Use Information D to answer this question. Which of the following statements concerning the probability that 3 or more customers will arrive at a counter in a 5-minute period is correcta.between 0.10 and 0.15b.less than 0.23c.more than 0.77d.between 0.60 and 0.55e.None of the aboveQ9 The section manager from Information D is interested in the mean and variance of the number of customers who arrive during a 1 hour period. Which of the following is the correct set of values for these two measuresa.Mean mu = 3 and variance sigma-squared = 3b.Mean mu = 36 and standard deviation sigma = 1.732c.Mean mu = 30 and variance sigma-squared = 30d.Mean mu = 36 and standard deviation sigma = 6e.None of the aboveTopic 5: Normal probability distribution & sampling distributionQ1 Which of the following is not a property of the normal distribution?a.It is bell-shaped.b.It is slightly skewed left.c.Its measures of central tendency are all identical.d.Its range is from negative infinity to positive infinity.Q2 The area under the standardized normal curve from 0 to 1.96 would be:a.the same as the area from 0 to -1.96.b.equal to 0.4750.c.found by using Table E.2 in your textbook.d.all of the above.Q3 Which of the following about the normal distribution is not true?a.Theoretically, the mean, median, and mode are the same.b.About two-thirds of the observations fall within ± 1 standard deviation from the mean.c.It is a discrete probability distribution.d.Its parameters are the mean and standard deviation.Q4 In its standardized form, the normal distribution:a.has a mean of 0 and a standard deviation of 1.b.has a mean of 1 and a variance of 0.c.has a total area equal to 0.5.d.cannot be used to approximate discrete binomial probability distributions.Q5 In the standardized normal distribution, the probability that Z > 0 is _______.a.0.00b.0.50c. 1.00d.cannot be found without more informationQ6 The probability of obtaining a value greater than 110 in a normal distribution in which the mean is 100 and the standard deviation is 10 is ______________ the probability of obtaining a value greater than 650 in a normal distribution with a mean of 500 and a standard deviation of 100.a.less thanb.equal to.c.greater thand.It is unknown without more information.Q7 The probability of getting a Z score greater than 4.0 is ________.a.close to 1.0b.0.50c. a negative numberd.almost zeroQ8 For some positive value of Z, the probability that a standardized normal variable is between 0 and Z is 0.3770. The value of Z isa.0.18b.0.81c. 1.16d. 1.47Q9 For some value of Z, the probability that a standardized normal variable is below Z is 0.2090. The value of Z isa.-0.81b.-0.31c.0.31d. 1.96Q10 Given that X is a normally distributed random variable with a mean of 50 and a standard deviation of 2, the probability that X is between 47 and 54 isa.0.0896b.0.4104c.0.5896d.0.9104Q11 For some positive value of X, the probability that a standardized normal variable is between 0 and +1.5X is 0.4332. The value of X isa.0.10b.0.50c. 1.00d. 1.50Q12 The owner of a fish market determined that the average weight for a catfish is 3.2 pounds with a standard deviation of 0.8 pounds. A citation catfish should be one of the top 2 percent in weight. Assuming the weights of catfish are normally distributed, at what weight (in pounds) should the citation designation be established?a. 1.56 poundsb. 4.84 poundsc. 5.20 poundsd.7.36 poundsQ13 Which of the following is NOT a property of the arithmetic mean?a.It is unbiased.b.It is always equal to the population mean.c.Its average is equal to the population mean.d.Its variance becomes smaller when the sample size gets bigger.Q14 The sampling distribution of the mean is a distribution of:a.individual population values.b.individual sample values.c.statistics.d.parameters.Q15 The standard deviation of the sampling distribution of the mean is called the:a.standard error of the sample.b.standard error of the estimate.c.standard error of the mean.d.All of the aboveQ16 According to the central limit theorem, the sampling distribution of the mean can be approximated by the normal distribution:a.as the number of samples gets "large enough."b.as the sample size (number of observations) gets "large enough."c.as the size of the population standard deviation increases.d.as the size of the sample standard deviation decreases.Q17 For a sample size of n=10, the sampling distribution of the mean will be normally distributed:a.regardless of the population's distribution.b.if the shape of the population is symmetrical.c.if the variance of the mean is known.d.if the population is normally distributedTopic 6: EstimationQ1 The interval estimate using the t critical value is ________ than the interval estimate using the z critical value.a.Narrowerb.The same asc.Widerd.More powerfulQ2 To estimate the mean of a normal population with unknown standard deviation using a small sample, we use the ______ distribution.a.'t'b.'Z'c.samplingd.alphaQ3 If the population does not follow a normal distribution, then to use the t distribution to give a confidence interval estimate for the population mean, the sample size should be:a.at least 5b.at least 30c.at least 100d.less than 30Q4 The 'z' value or 't' value used in the confidence interval formula is called the:a.sigma valueb.critical valuec.alpha valued.none of the aboveQ5 The 'z' value that is used to construct a 90 percent confident interval is:a. 1.645b. 1.96c. 2.33d. 2.58Q6 The 'z' value that is used to construct a 95 percent confidence interval is:a. 1.645b. 1.96c. 2.33d. 2.58Q7 The sample size needed to construct a 90 percent confidence interval estimate for the population mean with sampling error ±1.9 when sigma is known to be 10 units is:a.9b.32c.75d.107Q8 The t critical value approaches the z critical value when:a.the sample size decreasesb.the sample size approaches infinityc.the confidence level increasesd.the sample is smallQ9 The t-critical value used when constructing a 99 percent confidence interval estimate with a sample of size 18 is:a. 2.552b. 2.567c. 2.878d. 2.898Q10 The t-value that would be used to construct a 90 percent confidence interval for the mean with a sample of size n 36 would be:a. 1.3062b. 1.6499c. 1.6883d. 1.6896Q11 The value of alpha (two tailed) for a 96 percent confidence interval would be:a.0.02b.0.04c.0.2d.0.4Q12 When using the t distribution for confidence interval estimates for the mean, the degrees of freedom value is:a.nb.n-1c.n-2d.n %2B 1Q13 You would interpret a 90 percent confidence interval for the population mean as:a.you can be 90 percent confident that you have selected a sample whose interval doesinclude the population meanb.if all possible samples are selected and CI's are calculated, 90 percent of those intervalswould include the true population meanc.90 percent of the population is in that intervald.both A and B are trueQ14 From a sample of 100 items, 30 were defective. A 95 percent confidence interval for the proportion of defectives in the population is:a.(.2, .4)b.(.21, .39)c.(.225, .375)d.(.236, .364)Q15 A confidence interval was used to estimate the proportion of statistics students that are male.A random sample of 70 statistics students generated the following 90 percent confidence interval:(0.45, 0.64). Using the information above, what size sample would be necessary if we wanted to estimate the true proportion to within ±0.08 using 95 percent confidence?a.240b.450c.550d.150整理人：阿桤。
A Glimpse of Chinese Culture《中国文化概论》讲义-chapters 1-8
Chapter 1The Origin of Chinese Culture文化词汇Confucian philosophy 儒家哲学Confucius孔子Mencius孟子the descendants of Yan and Huang 炎黄子孙the Spring and Autumn and the Warring States Periods 春秋战国时期The Art of War《孙子兵法》porcelain 瓷器三皇五帝Three Emperors and Five Sovereigns)Gregorian calendar/ solar calendar格里高利历,是国际通用的历法,即公历lunar calendar阴历the Twenty-four Solar Terms二十四节气Chinese Zodiac生肖Chinese Culture---Past and PresentChinese history began with two legendary figures—Emperor Huang and Emperor Yan, who, together with their tribes, inhabited the drainage area along the middle reaches（中游）of the Yellow River. By the time of Xia Dynasty, after centuries of living side by side, these two tribes had gradually merged into（合并，融合）one. Consequently, the Chinese people usually call themselves “the descendants of Yan and Huang”.People at that time believed that the land they lived on was the center of the world, and called their state the "Middle Kingdom"(中国), thus giving China its country name.Traditional Chinese culture is recorded not only in history books and documents, but also in archeological records(考古记载), such as ancient city walls, palaces（宫殿）, temples（寺庙）, pagodas（宝塔）, and grottos（洞窟）; artifacts（史前古器物）, such as bronze objects, weapons, bronze mirrors, coins, jade and pottery objects, and curios; and folk culture, including song and dance, embroidery（刺绣）, cuisine（烹饪）, clothing, tea ceremonies, drinking games, lanterns, riddles, martial arts（武术）, chess and kites. With a continuous history of 5,000 years, it has undergone frequent transformations to produce a rich and vital cultural heritage.In the modern day, with the rise of western economic and military power beginning in the mid-19th century, Western systems of social and political organization have gained adherents in China. Indeed, within today’s globalized environment, modern cultures interact and cooperate increasingly more with each other. China’s culture of the future will most likely reflect this cross-cultural dimension. Thus, obtaining a solid understanding of China’s culture of the past is necessary in order to successfully embrace all that the culture has to offer to the world.The Appellation of ChinaChina is the appellation of our country given by foreigners. The porcelain china is the transliteration of the place name Changnan(昌南), which was the old name for Jingdezhen（景德镇）. The porcelain made in Changnan was smooth and bright, and earned another name of artificial jade. It became famous both home and abroad and was exported to Europe in large quantities.As time passed, people in Europe forgot the meaning of Changnan and switched the original meaning of porcelain of the word “china” to the place of its origin.The Alternative Names of China⏹Chixian, Shenzhou(赤县、神州)⏹Jiuzhou (九州)⏹Hua ( 华)⏹Huaxia(华夏)⏹Zhonghua(中华)⏹Hainei(海内)Chinese MythologyChinese Mythology is a collection of cultural history, folktales（民间故事）, and religions that have been passed down in oral or written form. Chinese mythology is similar to modern religion in that they both believe in relationships between mankind and a higher power.Historians have conjectured（推测）that Chinese mythology began in 12th century BC (close to the time of the Trojan War 特洛伊战争). The myths and legends were passed down in oral form for over a thousand years, before being written down in early book such as Shui Jing Zhu and Shan Hai Jing.The classification of myth神话的分类Creation myth 创世神话：Nvwa Created Man(女娲造人）Hero myth 英雄神话：Houyi Shooting the Sun(后羿射日)War myth 战争神话：Yellow Emperor Tackled Human-God(黄帝擒蚩尤)Cultural MosaicHeavenly Stems and Earthly BranchesThe standard Gregorian calendar is generally referred to as the solar calendar in China. The traditional Chinese lunar calendar, also known as the Jiazi calendar, counts the years in sixty-year cycles by combining two series of numbers---the 10 Heavenly Stems and 12 Earthly Branches.The Twenty-four Solar TermsThe traditional Chinese lunar year is divided into twenty-four solar terms, according to the position of the sun on the ecliptic in relationship to the earth. The solar terms designate agricultural periods, and can predict changing seasonal conditions, temperature, and weather throughout the course of the year. They are extremely important to agricultural production.Changes in the four seasons are determined by eight solar terms:立春( the Beginning of Spring),春分( the Spring Equinox ),立夏(the Beginning of Summer ),夏至(the Summer Solstice),立秋(the Beginning of Autumn),秋分( the Autumnal Equinox),立冬( the Beginning of Winter),冬至(the Winter Solstice )Changes in temperature are indicated by five solar terms:小暑Slight Heat ,大暑Great Heat ,处暑the Limit of Heat ,小寒Slight Cold ,大寒Great ColdChanging weather conditions are indicated by seven solar terms:雨水Rain Water ,谷雨Grain Rain ,白露White Dew ,寒露Cold Dew,霜降Frost's Descent ,小雪Slight Snow ,大雪Great Snow .Recurring natural phenomena are indicated by four solar terms:惊蛰the Waking of Insects ,清明Pure Brightness ,小满Grain Full,芒种Grain in EarChinese ZodiacIn ancient times, our ancestors counted the years with 10 heavenly stems and 12 earthly branches. Although this was scientific, most people were illiterate and could not memorize or calculate easily. Thus the animals that influenced people's lives were chosen to symbolize the terrestrial branches: the rat, ox, tiger, rabbit, dragon, snake, horse, sheep, monkey , rooster, dog and pig.Chapter 2 Culinary Culture文化词汇culinary厨房的，烹饪的;烹调用的cuisine烹饪，烹调法;菜肴main food主食,主粮（staple food ）Fire temperature火候food tonic 食补“Food is the first necessity of the people”(“民以食为天。
Chapter 1 PPT
LinguisticsTime allocation:Chapter 1 Invitations to Linguistics(2 weeks)Chapter 2 Speech Sounds (2 weeks)Chapter 3 Lexicon (2 weeks)Chapter 4 From Word to Text (2 weeks)Chapter 5 Meaning (2 weeks)Chapter 6 Language and Cognition (2 weeks)Chapter 7 Language, Culture, and Society (2 weeks)Chapter 8 Language in Use (2 weeks)Chapter OneInvitation to Linguistics(1) Teaching aims:Let the students have the general idea about language and linguistics.(2) Teaching difficulties:design features of language;functions of language;some important distinctions in linguistics;1.1 Why study language?Myths about language:⏹Language is only a means of communication.⏹Language has the form-meaning correspondence.⏹The function of language is to exchange information.⏹English is more difficult to learn than Chinese.⏹Black English is not standard and should be reformed. Fundamental views about language:⏹Children learn their native language swiftly, efficiently and withoutinstruction.⏹Language operates by rules.⏹All languages have three major components: a sound system, a system of lexicogrammar and a system of semantics.⏹Everyone speaks a dialect.⏹Language slowly changes.⏹Speakers of all language employ a range of styles and a set of jargons.⏹Languages are intimately related to the societies and individuals who use them.⏹Writing is derivative of speech.What is language? (p. 2)Different senses of the word “language”:1. Language is human speech;2. the ability to communicate by this means;3. a system of vocal sounds and combinations of such sounds to which meaning is attributed, used for the expression or communication of thoughts and feelings;4. the written representation of such a system (Webster's New World Dictionary)What is language?Our understanding and definition:Language is a system of arbitrary vocal symbols used for human communication.How do you understand the underlined words?⏹A system----since elements in it are arranged according to certain rules systematically, rather than randomly. They cannot be arranged at will.⏹e.g. He the table cleaned. (×)⏹The child the street alone crossed. (×)⏹bkli (×) xbo (×)⏹Arbitrary----there is no intrinsic (logic) connection between alinguistic form and its meaning, between the sounds that people use and the objects to which these sounds refer.⏹Different language have different words for the same object.椅--chair；桌--table; 玫瑰--rosePeople might call a rose something else.⏹Symbols----words are just the symbols associated with objects, actions, and ideas by nothing but convention. Namely, people use the sounds or vocal forms to symbolize what they wish to refer to.⏹Vocal-------- the primary medium for all languages is sound, no matter how well developed their writing systems are. Writing systems came much later than the spoken forms.e. g. Small children learn and can only learn to speak and listen before they write or read indicates that language is primarily vocal, rather than written.People with little or no literacy can also be competent language users.⏹Human ----language is human-specific.Human beings have different kinds of brains and vocal capacity.“Language Acquisition Device”(LAD)What does it mean to“know’’ a language?1. knowing the sounds that are part of thelanguage and those that are note.g. Bach ch German sound outside the English sound system ,2. knowing which sounds may start a word, end a word, and follow each othere.g. English spelling & pronounciationph- phrase, phone, elephantpf- What’s the word?3. knowledge of a language enables you to combine words to form phrases, and phrases to form sentences, to be able to produce new sentences never spoken before and to understand sentences never heard beforeNoam Chomsky calls this ability ---the part of the creative aspect of language use.4.knowing what sentences are appropriate in various situationsThere are formal and informal situations. People also use formal and informal language in their communication.A professor talking with somebody:with another professor in the office;with the dean;with a child;with his wife;1.3 Design features of languageA question for you to consider:What makes our language advantageous over animal languages?e.g. the singing of the birdsthe dancing of the beesthe bark of the dogs1.3.1 Arbitrariness（任意性）(p. 4)According to Saussure, Arbitrariness refers to the fact that the formof linguistic signs bare no natural relationship to their meanings.⏹There is no logical connection between sound and meaning.⏹e.g. A dog might be a pig if only the first person of group of persons had used it for a pig.⏹Language is therefore largely arbitrary.Onomatopeic words⏹The linguistic sign and its meaning⏹They are words that sound like the sounds that describe.⏹In English: Bang, cuckoo, tick-tack, jingle, clink, crack, etc.⏹In Chinese: 叮咚，叮呤，咕咚，轰隆，咣铛But there are only few of these compared with the total number of words in one language.Arbitrariness at the syntactic levelAccording to systemic-functionalists, language is not arbitrary at the syntactic level.When we make up sentences, we must obey grammar rules. The sentences must be constructed according to the grammar of arrangement.Look at the sentences on p.5, which sentence is acceptable?1. He came in and sat down.2. He sat down and came in.3. He sat down after he came in.Arbitrariness and convention⏹The relation between a linguistic sign and its meaning is a matter of convention.⏹The linguistic forms and meaning are conventionally accepted.⏹When we learn a foreign language, the conventionality of the language is much more worth noticing than its arbitrariness.1.3.2 Duality（二重性）Look at the definition given by Lyons (1981: 20) on p.5: Language has two levels of structures:1. Sounds: (secondary units) a sequence of segments which lack anymeaning in themselves;The only function of the sounds is to combine with one another to form units that have meaning.2. Words: (primary units) Language is analyzed in terms of combinations of meaningful units.⏹The secondary units are meaningless.⏹The primary units have distinct and identifiable meaning. Discuss the following statement:Many animals communicate with special calls. But animal communication system do not have this design feature. Remember the following statements:(P. 6)⏹The lowest level of language consists of dozens of bits of meaningless sounds which occur in champs that we call syllables. A syllable is the smallest meaningless unit that is normally spoken. Scores of syllables become the carriers of hundreds of meaningful segments of words. With thousands of words we associate millions of meanings.⏹ A large number of different units can be formed out of a small number of elements—tens of thousands of words out of a small set of sounds, around 48 in the case of English.1.3.3 Creativity（创造性）⏹Creativity refers to the ability that we all have to construct and understand an definitely large number of sentences in our native language, including sentences that we have never heard before, but that are appropriate to the situation in which they are uttered.⏹The grammar rules and the words are finite, but thesentences are infinite. Every speaker uses language creatively.⏹Language is resourceful because of its duality and its recursiveness. We can use it to create new meanings.⏹Words can be used in new ways to mean new things, and can be instantly understood by people who have nevercome across that usage before.Examples of sentences:⏹He bought a book which was written by a teacher who taught in a school which was known for its graduateswho ...⏹She killed the man that visited the jeweler that made the ring that won the prize that was given at the fair that was held …1.3.4 Displacement（移位性）⏹Human languages enable their users to symbolize objects, events and concepts which are not present (in time and space) at the moment of communication.⏹Language can be used to refer to things real or imagined, past, present or future.Look at the two groups of words:Group A: Group B:Confucius North PoleGeorge Washington AmericaWilliam Shakespear Big BenKing George Sydney Opera HousePeople use language to describe the people and the places far away from them.1.4 Origin of Language⏹Scripture in the Bible:In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with the god, and the Word was God.And the lord said, Behold, the people is one, and they have all one language; and they begin to do; and now nothing will be restrained from them, which they have imagined to do.(P. 8)⏹The bow-wow theory⏹The pooh-pooh theory⏹The yo-he-ho theory1.5 Functions of LanguageWe know that⏹Language is a tool for people to have communication.⏹Language is a tool for people to know the world.⏹Language is a tool for people to create artistic works.⏹For Jakobson, language is above all for communication.⏹In his famous article, Linguistics and Poetics, he defined six primary factors of any speech event, namely:⏹addresser, addressee, context, message, code, contact. (P.9)⏹ 1. Referential（所指功能）-- to convey message and information;⏹ 2. Poetic（诗学功能）-- to indulge in language for its own sake;⏹ 3. Emotive（感情功能）-- to express attitudes, feelings, emotions;⏹ 4. Conative（意动功能）-- to persuade and influence others through commands and requests;⏹ 5. Phatic（交感功能）-- to establish communion with others⏹ 6. Metalingual function（元功能）-- to clear up intentions and meanings;1.5.1 Informative（信息功能）⏹People use language to record facts and express thoughts. For example:a speaker / writer: supply informationa listener / reader: receive information1.5.2 Interpersonal function（人际功能）⏹It is the most important sociological use of language. People use language to establish and maintain status in a society and have different communicative roles.For example:The ways people address others and refer to themselves indicate the various grades of interpersonal relations.Dear Sir, Dear Professor,sincerely yours;Which sentence do you use if you speak politely?⏹Would you please pass me the salt?⏹Pass me the salt.⏹I need some salt.⏹I have been waiting for a long time.⏹You must stop using it. It is my turn.1.5.3 Performative（施为功能）⏹This function of language is to change the social status of persons. For example:⏹I apologize. (In the process of speaking the sentence, the speaker has already carried out the act of saying sorry to the listener. )⏹I advice you to give up smoking. ( In the process of speaking the sentence, the speaker has already carried out the act of giving advice. )1.5.4 Emotive function（感情功能）⏹It is so crucial in changing the emotional status of an audience for / against sth. or sb.For example:My goodness! (surprise)Dame it! (dislike or hatred)What a sight! (appreciation and like)Wow, Ugh, Ow (surprise, sympathy)1.5.5 Phatic communion（交感性谈话）⏹Some seemingly meaningless expressions are used to maintain good personal relations.Ritual exchanges about health, weather, etc.For example: Good morning. God bless you.Nice day. Good luck.Nice to meet you.1.5.6 Recreational function（娱乐功能）⏹The use of language for the sheer joyFor example:⏹Entertainment program⏹Verbal duelings: one person begins a few lines and challenges his opponent tocontinue the content or provide a rejoinder in a similar rhythm and rhyme scheme.⏹Children’s nursery rhymes;⏹Poetry writing: the pleasure of using language for its sheer beauty;1.5.7 Metalingual function（元功能）⏹Language is used to talk about itself.For example:1. Book (a word)Write a book to talk about “book”.2. Change the linear order of the sentence to organize a written text into a coherent one.For example:The lion chased the unicorn all around the town.All around the town the lion chased the unicorn.1.6 What is linguistics?(P. 14)Linguistics is usually defined as the science of language, or as the scientific study study of language.It has firmly established its place as a major branch of humanity and social science as well.1.7 Main branches of linguistics(Students are suggested to read this section by themselves.)⏹Phonetics 语音学⏹Phonology 音系学⏹Morphology 形态学⏹Syntax 句法学⏹Semantics 语义学⏹Pragmatics 语用学1.7.1 PhoneticsPhonetics studies speech sounds, including the production of speech, that is how speech sounds are actually made, transmitted and received, the sounds of speech, thedescription and classification of speech sounds, words and connected speech, etc.1.7.2 PhonologyPhonology studies the rules governing the structure, distribution, and sequencing of speech sounds and the shape of syllables. It deals with the sound system of a language by treating phoneme as he point of departure. A phoneme is the smallest linguistic unit of sound that can signal a difference in meaning. English has approximately forty-five phonemes. If you repeat the /p/ sound ten times, each production will vary slightly for some physiological reasons. In addition, the /p/ sound differs from that in poor or soup because each is influenced by the surrounding sounds. Even so, each /p/ sound is similar enough so as not to be confused with another phoneme.1.7.3 MorphologyMorphology is concerned with the internal organization of words. It studies the minimal units of meaning—morphemes and word-formation processes. Although many people think of words as the basic meaningful elements of a language, many words can be broken down into still smaller units, called morphemes. Morphemes serve different purposes. Some derive new words by changing the meaning or the part of speech, others only refine and give extra grammatical information about the already existing meaning of a word. As morphemes are pairings of sounds with meanings, there are many complexities involved.1.7.4 SyntaxSyntax is about principles of forming and understanding correct English sentences. The form or structure of sentence is governed by the rules of syntax. These specify word order, sentence organization, and the relationships between words word classes and other sentence elements. We know that words are organized into structures more than just word order.1.7.5 SemanticsSemantics examines how meaning is encoded in a language. It is not only concerned with meanings of words as lexical items, but also with levels of language below the word and above it, e.g. meaning of morphemes and sentences. The following are what the key concepts look like: semantic components, denotation of words, sense relations between words such as antonymy and synonymy, senserelations between sentences such as entailment and presupposition.1.7.6 PragmaticsPragmatics is the study of meaning in context. It deals with particular utterances in particular situations and is especially concerned with the various ways in which the many social contexts of language performance can influence interpretation. In other words, pragmatics is concerned with the way language is used to communicate rather than with the way language is structured. 1.8 Macrolinguistics(Students are suggested to read this section by themselves.)psycholinguisticsSociolinguisticsAnthropological linguisticsComputational linguistics1.9 Important distinctions of linguistics⏹Descriptive vs. prescriptive⏹Synchronic vs. diachronic⏹Langue & parole⏹Competence and performance1.9.1 Descriptive vs prescriptive(描写式与规定式）⏹In our textbook (P. 19): Don't say X. People don't say X.⏹The first is a prescriptive command, while the second is a descriptive statement.⏹The distinction lies in prescribing how things ought to be and describing how things are.⏹If the linguistic study aims to lay down rules for "correct and standard" behavior in using language, i.e. to tell people what they should say and what they should not say, it is said to be prescriptive.(e.g. Grammar)⏹In the 18th century, all the main European languages were studied prescriptively.⏹The grammarians then tried to lay down rules for the correct use of language and settle the disputes over usage once and for all.⏹Some usages were prescribed to be learned by heart, followed accurately or avoided altogether.⏹The nature of linguistics as a science determines its preoccupation with description instead of prescription.1.9.2 Synchronic vs diachronic（共时与历时）(p. 20)⏹Language exists in time and changes through time. The description of a language at some point of time in history is a synchronic study and most linguistic studies are of this type.A Grammar of Modern EnglishA Grammar of Modern GreekThe Structure of Shakespeare’s EnglishThey can be the description of a single present / past state of language.⏹The description of a language as it changes through time is a diachronic study. A diachronic study of language is a historical study; it studies the historical development of language over a period of time.1.9.3 Langue and parole（语言与言语）⏹Saussure distinguished the linguistic competence of the speaker and the actual phenomena or data of linguistics (utterances) as langue and parole.⏹Langue and parole are French words; Langue refers to the abstract linguistic system shared by all the members of a speech community, and parole refers to the realization of langue in actual use.⏹Langue is the set of conventions and rules which language users all have to abide by, and parole is the concrete use of the conventions and the application of the rules.⏹Langue is abstract; it is not the language people actually use. Parole is concrete; it refers to the naturally occurring language events.⏹Langue is relatively stable, it does not change frequently; while parole varies from person to person, and from situation to situation.1.9.4 Competence and performance（语言能力与语言应用）⏹This fundamental distinction is discussed by Chomsky in hisAspects of the Theory of Syntax (1965).⏹Competence refers to the ideal user's knowledge of the rules of his language, and performance refers to the in linguistic communication. actual realization of this knowledgeDiscuss:Can a person who has perfect knowledge (excellent competence) of his language have excellent performance?⏹According to Chomsky, a speaker has internalized set of rules about his language, this enables him to produce and understand an infinitely large number of sentences and recognize sentences that are ungrammatical and ambiguous.⏹Despite his perfect knowledge of his own language, a speaker can still make mistakes in actual use, e. g., slips of the tongue, and unnecessary pauses. This imperfect performance is caused by social and psychological factors such as stress, anxiety, and embarrassment.Major points in this chapter:To sum up, students need to be familiar with the following points:⏹What is language?⏹Design features of language⏹Functions of language⏹Important distinctions of linguistics。
Chapter1
1 pc 3.26 ly
1.2 A quick tour of the cosmos
To understand the universe, we must understand the relative scales of planets, stars, galaxies and the universe as a whole. We will journey from a campus scene to the limits of the cosmos in 12 steps. In each step we will widen our view by a factor of 100. That is, each successive picture will show a region of the universe that is 100 times wider than the preceding picture.
THE UNITED NATIONS DECLARES 2009 THE INTERNATIONAL YEAR OF ASTRONOMY 联合国宣布 2009年为国际天文年！ 纪念伽利略400年前 首次使用望远镜观测太空。
Astronomy
The Solar System and Beyond
Michael A. Seeds Joseph R. Grundy Observatory Franklin and Marshall College
Fig. 1-4 Field of view enlarged 100 times from the previous image (NASA). This step in our journey shows our entire planet. The earth is 12,756 km in diameter and rotates on its axis once a day.
邮轮实用英语-第一单元-第8课--L8-Ordering-Dessert
2. Other common desserts
Jelly Sponge cake Ice cream Pan cake Pudding
3. Role Playing- Ordering dessert
Waiter: How is everything, sir? Guest: Very delicious. Thank you. Waiter: Would you like to order dessert? Guest: Yes. Can I have another look at the menu? Waiter: Of course, sir. Here is the menu.
3. Role Playing 2-Practice the dialogue below in groups referring to the Dessert Menu :
Waiter: Would you like to order dessert? Guest: I’m not sure if I have room. • I am watching my waistline. • I am trying to lose weight. • I’d like a dessert that is not too heavy. Waiter: Perhaps you would like something light
from the dessert trolley? Guest: Let me see what you have. Waiter: I will be right back with the trolley…
3. Role Playing 2- -Practice the dialogue below in groups referring to the Dessert Menu :
李阳疯狂英语之国际肌肉三最短文 Passage 1-8
/lesson/szdw/list_2.htmlChapter1：Just do itIf you put off things for too long, they can easily become uncontrollable. The longer you wait to tackle a problem, the more difficult it becomes. Don’t waste time thinking about how difficult something is. Just take the advice in this passage. Many people put up until tomorrow what they can do today. They always look for excuses to pose upon doing something. In the end, it never gets done. If we leave things undone, we will eventually worried. This will cause unnecessary stress. Therefore, if you have this bad habit, it’s best to get rid of it and do things as soon as possible.Chapter2：Just askIf you don’t understand, don’t hesitate to ask. Some Chinese seem to feel that it is impolite to ask questions even when they don’t quite understand. However, it’s much better to say that you don’t understand than to pretend you understand and answer very vaguely. When you don’t understand, or haven’t caught what was said, you may ask by saying any of the following:I beg your pardon?I am not clear on what you said.I am afraid I don’t understand you. Would you mind saying it again?I am sorry I don’t follow you.Could you repeat that?I didn’t get it.You’ll improve your understanding and the speaker will be happy to make his point again.Chapter 3: Speak outExpressing opinions is one example of culture difference between east and west. Westerner express their opinions freely. They feel that it is natural for people to have different ideas and don’t mind hearing views that differ from their own. You may express frankly what you think or feel. Of course, you shouldn’t be rude in your manner or speech. Statements such as “You are wrong”, “You are mistaken”, “You don’t know”, etc aren’t exactly bad. But it is preferable to soften your tone. You might say, “I don’t think you are right”, “I am afraid you are mistaken”, or “You don’t seem to understand”.Many people value their time more than anything else in the world. Once time is gone, it can never be replaced. This makes time more valuable than money. Time is precious. Nobody can afford to waste time. Once time has gone by, it will never return. You can never turn the clock back. Time passes very quickly. People say time flies. Time and tide wait for no man. We should therefore make the best use of our time. If you can manage your time well, you will have a successful life. Try using all of your spare time to practice English crazily. Even a few minutes practice while waiting for the bus can be valuable learning time.Chapter 5: Informal CallsSome friends are just like family. There is no need to make formal arrangements for a visit. Except for these very close friends and relatives, making unexpected calls should be avoided as much as possible. The unexpected guest is welcomed, but whether that welcome is sincere or given out of kindness is another matter. Practically everyone has his own plans as to how to spend his time, and it is often perplexing, if not annoying, to be obliged to change one’s plans by unexpected visitors. When someone invites you to drop by anytime, they really mean to call first to make sure the time is convenient!Good manners are so important in today’s society. A little effort towards being polite to everyone you meet can have great rewards. Of course there are other reasons for being polite as well. Everyone should be polite. Polite people show good manners. Moreover, they are popular. On the other hand, rude people are looked down upon. Rudeness shows poor education. Therefore, why not be polite? A simple “Please”, “Thank you” or “You are welcome” can make a big difference. If someone says dirty words all the time, it shows that something is wrong with his mouth. You’d better persuade him to watch his mouth.Chapter 7: Table mannersThere are many differences in table manners in different cultures. It is really worth your time to learn about how to behave while eating in other countries. Now your table manners will show your international qualifications. Don’t make noises with your mouth. Close your mouth when eating. People make mouth noises because they eat without closing their mouths. When you drink your soup, don’t sip it but swallow it all in one mouth full. Don’t talk when your mouth full. If someone talks to you, wait until your mouth is empty before answering.Chapter 8: Restaurants dos and don’tWhat is considered polite in one country is sometimes considered rude in another. In other words, sometimes you should slurp and sometimes you shouldn’t. Learning about culture differences while you learn English is the fastest way to broaden your knowledge of the world and become more successful. When eating, the Japanese and some Chinese are in the habit of slurping their food. By doing so, they show their host how much they like the food. Westerners find eating soup this way most unpleasant. They also consider picking one’s teeth and putting on makeup at the table no- nos. And when it comes to tipping, they just leave some money on the table. The amount is up to you, but it’s usually 15 to 20 percent of the check. Chapter 15: The Urgent Need of English in ChinaEnglish may be the most important factor in deciding which countries are leaders in the future. The language of the most advanced management and technology is undoubtedly English. Being able to absorb this information is really the key to the new century. In the 21st century, we increasingly have to deal with other countries. We can’t go there and speak our own language because nobody is going to learn it in order to understand us. Our Asian rival, India, has surged ahead of other developing countries in information technology because of its superior English skills. Unless we are able to master English, we will not be able to get our population to use IT and take advantage of the new economy. There is an urgent need to havea workforce which is proficient in the language in view of the information technology onslaught.(英语可能会成为决定将来哪些国家能处于领先地位的最重要的因素。
电路分析基础(英文版)课后答案第一章
i = 0:6 mA; p = 0:6t mW
10 · t · 25 ms:
v = 10 V;
i = 0:6 mA; p = 6 mW
25 · t · 35 ms:
v = 75 ¡ 2500t V; i = 0 mA; p = 0 mW
35 · t · 60 ms:
v = ¡50 + 1000t V; i = ¡0:4 mA; p = 20 ¡ 400t mW
X
pabs = p100V + p40V = 3100 W
X
X
pdev = pabs = 3100 W
DE 1.7 [a] vl ¡ vc + v1 ¡ vs = 0; ilRl ¡ icRc + i1R1 ¡ vs = 0
isRl + isRc + isR1 ¡ vs = 0
[b] is = vs=(Rl + Rc + R1)
DE 1.8 [a] 24 = v2 + v5 ¡ v1 = 3i5 + 7i5 ¡ (¡2i5) = 12i5 Therefore i5 = 24=12 = 2 A
[b] v1 = ¡2i5 = ¡4 V [c] v2 = 3i5 = 6 V [d] v5 = 7i5 = 14 V
Problems 3 [e] p24 = ¡(24)(2) = ¡48 W; therefore 24 V source is delivering 48 W. DE 1.9
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《Businessstatistic》复习参考(第一章至第八章)
《 Business Statistic 》中国人民大学第一版社英文版第五版chapter1~8 复习参照Part1 名词解说1、 Statistics is a method of extracting useful information from a set of numerical data in orderto make a more effective and informed decision.2、 Descriptive Statistics ： These are statistical methods of organizing, summarizing andpresenting numerical data in convenient forms such as graphs, charts and tables.3、 Inferential statistics is defined as statistical methods used for drawing conclusions about apopulation based on samples.4、 Primary data is obtained first hand.5、 Secondary data already exists or has been previously collected such as company accounts, orsales figures.6、 Mean : The arithmetic average and the most common measure ofaaaaaaa central tendency.①All values are included in computing the mean.②A set of data has a unique mean③ Themean is affected by unusually large or small data points (outliers / extreme values).7、 Mode : The most frequent data, or data corresponding to the highest frequency.①Mode isnot affected by extreme values. ② There may not be a mode. ③ There may be severalmodes. ④ Used for either numerical or categorical data.8、 Median is the value that splits a ranked set of data into two equal parts.① Median is notaffected by extremely large or small values and is therefore a valuable measure of central tendency when such values occur.9、 Standard Deviation :① A measure of the variation of data from the mean.② The mostcommonly used measure of variation.③ Represented by the symbol. ④‘Shows’ how the data is distributed around the mean.10、Probability is the chance of an occurrence of an event.① Probability of an eventalways lies between 0 and 1.②The sum of the probabilities of every possible outcome orevent is 1. ③The probability of the complement A’ is-P(A)given. by 111、Properties of Normal distribution：① Continuous random variable.② ‘ Bell-shaped ’ &symmetrical.③ Mean, median, mode are equal④ Area under the curve is 1.12、The Central Limited Theorem ：① If the population followed normal distribution, thesampling distribution of mean is followed normal distribution.② If the population do not followed normal distribution, but the sample size is larger than 30, the samplingdistribution of mean is followed normal distribution.Part2 选择题Topic 1 - Introduction to Business Statistics & Data CollectionQ1. The universe or totality of items or things under consideration is called:a. a sample.b. a population.c. a parameter.d.none of the above.Q2. Those methods involving the collection, presentation, and characterization of a set of datain order to properly describe the various features of that set of data are called:a.inferential statistics.b.total quality management.c.sampling.d.descriptive statistics.Q3. The portion of the universe that has been selected for analysis is called:a. a sample.b. a frame.c. a parameter.d. a statistic.Q4. A summary measure that is computed to describe a numerical characteristic from only a sample of the population is called:a. a parameter.b. a census.c. a statistic.d.the scientific method.Q5. A summary measure that is computed to describe a characteristic of an entire populationis called:a. a parameter.b. a census.c. a statistic.d.total quality management.Q6. The process of using sample statistics to draw conclusions about population parameters is called:a.inferential statistics.b.experimentation.c.primary sources.d.descriptive statistics.Q7. Which of the four methods of data collection is involved when a person retrieves datafrom an online databasea.published sources.b.experimentation.c.surveying.d.observation.Q8. Which of the four methods of data collection is involved when people are asked to completea questionnairea.published sources.b.experimentation.c.surveying.d.observation.Q9. Which of the four methods of data collection is involved when a person records the useof the Los Angeles freeway systema.published sources.b.experimentation.c.surveying.d.observation.Q10. A focus group is an example of which of the four methods of data collectiona.published sources.b.experimentation.c.surveying.d.observation.a.The longer the questionnaire, the lower the rate.b.Mail surveys usually produce lower response rates than personal interviews ortelephone surveys.c.Question wording can affect a response rate.d. d. All of the above.Q12. Which of the following is a reason that a manager needs to know about statisticsa.To know how to properly present and describe information.b.To know how to draw conclusions about the population based on sample information.c.To know how to improve processes.d.All of the above.Scenario 1-1Questions 13-15 refer to this scenario:An insurance company evaluates many variables about a person before deciding on an appropriate rate for automobile insurance. Some of these variables can be classified as categorical, discrete and numerical, or continuous and numerical.Q13. Referring to Scenario 1-1 (above), the number of claims a person has made in the lastthree years is what type of variablea.Categorical.b.Discrete and numerical.c.Continuous and numerical.d.None of the above.Q14. Referring to Scenario 1-1 (above), a person's age is what type of variablea.Categorical.b.Discrete and numerical.c.Continuous and numerical.d.None of the above.Q15. Referring to Scenario 1-1 (above), a person's gender is what type of variablea.Categorical.b.Discrete and numerical.c.Continuous and numerical.d.None of the above.Q16. Which of the following can be reduced by proper interviewer traininga.Sampling error.b.Measurement error.c.Coverage error.d.Nonresponse error.Scenario 1-2Questions 17-19 refer to this scenario:Mediterranean fruit flies were discovered in California a few years ago and badly damaged the oranges grown in that state. Suppose the manager of a large farm wanted to study the impact ofthe fruit flies on the orange crops on a daily basis over a 6-week period. On each day a random sample of orange trees was selected from within a random sample of acres. The daily average number of damaged oranges per tree and the proportion of trees having damaged oranges were calculated.Q17. Referring to Scenario 1-2 (above), the two main measures calculated each day ., average number of damaged oranges per tree and proportion of trees having damaged oranges) are called _______.a.statistics.b.parameters.c.samples.d.populations.Q18. Referring to Scenario 1-2 (above), the two main measures calculated each day ., average number of damaged oranges per tree and proportion of trees having damaged oranges) may be used on a daily basis to estimate the respective true population _______.a.estimates.b.parameters.c.statistics.d.frame.Q19. Referring to Scenario 1-2 (above), in this study, drawing conclusions on any one day aboutthe true population characteristics based on information obtained from the sample is called_______.a.evaluation.b.descriptive statistics.c.inferential statistics.d.survey.Scenario 1-3Questions 20 and 21 refer to this scenario:The Quality Assurance Department of a large urban hospital is attempting to monitor and evaluate patient satisfaction with hospital services. Prior to discharge, a random sample of patients is asked to fill out a questionnaire to rate such services as medical care, nursing, therapy, laboratory, food, and cleaning. The Quality Assurance Department prepares weekly reports that are presented at the Board of Directors meetings and extraordinary/atypical ratings are easy to flag.Q20. Referring to Scenario 1-3 (above), true population characteristics estimated from thesample results each week are called _____________.a.inferences.b.parameters.c.estimates.d.data.Q21. Referring to Scenario 1-3 (above), a listing of all hospitalised patients in this institution over a particular week would constitute the ________.a.sample.b.population.c.statistics.d.parameters.Scenario 1-4Questions 22-24 refer to this scenario:The following are the questions given to Sheila Drucker-Ferris in her college alumni association survey. Each variable can be classified as categorical or numerical, discrete or continuous.Q22. Referring to Scenario 1-4 (above), the data for the number of years since graduation is categorised as: __________________.a.numerical discrete.b.categorical.c.numerical continuous.d.none of the above.Q23. Referring to Scenario 1-4 (above), the data for the number of science majors is categorised as: ____________.a.categorical.b.numerical continuous.c.numerical discrete.d.none of the above.Q24. Referring to Scenario 1-4 (above), the data for tabulating the level of job satisfaction (High, Moderate, Low) is categorised as: _________.a.numerical continuous.b.categorical.c.numerical discrete.d.none of the above.Topic 2: Organising and Presenting dataQ1 The width of each bar in a histogram corresponds to the:a.boundaries of the classes.b.number of observations in the classes.c.midpoint of the classes.d.percentage of observations in the classes.Q2 When constructing charts, which of the following chart types is plotted at the class midpointsa.Frequency histograms.b.Percentage polygons.c.Cumulative relative frequency ogives.d.Relative frequency histograms.Q3 When polygons or histograms are constructed, which axis must show the true zero or "origin"a.The horizontal axis.b.The vertical axis.c.Both the horizontal and vertical axes.d.Neither the horizontal nor the vertical axis.Q4 To determine the appropriate width of each class interval in a grouped frequency distribution, we:a.divide the range of the data by the number of desired class intervals.b.divide the number of desired class intervals by the range of the datac.take the square root of the number of observations.d.take the square of the number of observations.Q5 When grouping data into classes it is recommended that we have:a.less than 5 classes.b.between 5 and 15 classes.c.more than 15 classes.d.between 10 and 30 classes.Q6 Which of the following charts would give you information regarding the number of observations "up to and including" a given groupa.Frequency histograms.b.Polygons.c.Percentage polygons.d.Cumulative relative frequency ogives.Q7 Another name for an "ogive" is a:a.frequency histogram.b.polygon.c.percentage polygon.d.cumulative percentage polygon.Q8 In analyzing categorical data, the following graphical device is NOT appropriate:a.bar chart.b.Pareto diagram.c.stem and leaf display.d.pie chart.Table 2The opinions of a sample of 200 people broken down by gender about the latestcongressional plan to eliminate anti-trust exemptions for professional baseball.For Neutral Against Totals Female385412104Male12364896Totals509060200Q9 Table 2 (above) contains the opinions of a sample of 200 people broken down by gender about the latest congressional plan to eliminate anti-trust exemptions for professional baseball. Referring to Table 2, the number of people who are neutral to the plan is _______.a.36b.54c.90d.200Q10 Referring to Table 2, the number of males who are against the plan is _______.a.12b.48c.60d.96Q11 Referring to Table 2, the percentage of males among those who are for the plan is ______.a.%b.24%c.25%d.76%Q12 Referring to Table 2, the percentage who are against the plan among the females is _______.a.%b.20%c.30%d.52%Topic 3: Numerical Descriptive StatisticsQ1 Which measure of central tendency can be used for both numerical and categorical variablesa.Mean.b.Median.c.Mode.d.Quartiles.a.Mean.b.Median.c.Mode.d.Q3.a.It is more affected by extreme values than the mean.b.It is a measure of central tendency.c.It is equal to Q2.d.It is equal to the mode in bell-shaped distributions.a.the median.b.the mode.c.the mean.d.the variance.a.the mean equals the median.b.the median equals the mode.c.the mean equals the mode.d.All of the above.Q6 When extreme values are present in a set of data, which of the following descriptivesummary measures are most appropriatea.CV and range.b.Mean and standard deviation.c.Median and interquartile range.d.Mode and variance.a.the smaller the interquartile range.b.the smaller the standard deviation.c.the smaller the coefficient of variation.d.All the above.a.the median equals the mean.b.the mean is less than the median.c.the mean is greater than the median.d.the mean is less than the mode.The data below represents the amount of grams of carbohydrates in a serving of breakfast cereal.Table 31115232919222120152517Q9 Referring to Table 3 (above), the mean carbohydrates in this sample is ________ grams.a.b.c.d.Q10 Referring to Table 3 (above), the median carbohydrate amount in the cereal is ________grams.a.19b.20c.21d.Q11 Referring to Table 3 (above), the 1st quartile of the carbohydrate amounts is ________grams.a.15b.20c.21d.25Q12 Referring to Table 3 (above), the range in the carbohydrate amounts is ________ grams.a.16b.18c.20d.21Topic 4: Basics probability and discrete probability distributionsInformation A, needed to answer Questions 1 to 2The Health and Safety committee in a large retail firm is examining the relationship between the number of days of sick leave an employee takes and whether an employee works on the day shift (D)or night shift (N). The committee looks at a sample of 50 employees and notes which shift theywork on and whether the number of days of sick leave they take in a year is less than 6 days (L)or 6 or more days (M). The information they obtain is shown below.Table 4-1 : FrequenciesNumber of days of sick leaveShift(L) Less than 6(M) 6 or More Total(D) Day81220(N) Night121830Total203050Table 4-2: ProbablilitiesNumber of days of sick leaveShift(L) Less than 6(M) 6 or More Total(D)Day(N)NightTotalQ1 Use Information A to answer this question. Which of the following statements about the values in the table of probabilities is not correcta.The probability of an employee taking 6 or more days of sick leave P(M) isb.The probability that an employee is on the Night Shift (N) and takes less than 6 daysof leave (L), is called a conditional probability P(N | L) =c.If you know that an employee is on day shift (D) then the probability that they willtake less than 6 days of leave (L) is the conditional probability P(L | D) =d.The probability that an employee works Day Shift (D) or takes 6 or more days of leave (M)is found using the addition rule to be P(D or M) =e.They are all correctQ2 The analyst wishes to use the Probabilities table from Information A to determine whetherthe work shift variable and the number of days of sick leave variable are or are not independent variables. Which of the following statements about the work shift and the number of days ofsick leave variables is correcta.These variables are independent because the marginal probabilities such as P(L) arethe same as the conditional probabilities P(L | D)b.These variables are not independent because the marginal probability P(L) is different fromthe conditional probability P(N | L)c.These variables are not independent because the joint probabilities such as P(L and N)are equal to the product of the probabilities P(L).P(N).d.These variables are dependent because the marginal probabilities such as P(L) are equalto the conditional probability P(L | N)e.None of the aboveInformation B, needed to answer Question 3Suppose the manager of a home ware retailer decides in a 5-minute period no more than 4 customers can arrive at a counter. Using past records he obtains the following probability distribution for the possible number of customers who can arrive at a counter.Table 4-3Arrivals (X)01234P(X).15.20.30.20.15Q3 Use Information B to answer this question. If values are rounded to 3 decimal places which of the following is the correct pair of values for the mean, the variance or standard deviation of the number of arrivals at the counter.a.Mean mu = 2 and variance sigma-squared =b.Mean mu = and variance sigma-squared =c.Mean mu = 2 and standard deviation sigma =d.Mean mu = and variance sigma-squared =e.None of the aboveInformation C, needed to answer Questions 4-6The section manager in an insurance company is interested in evaluating how well staff at the inquiry counter handle customer complaints. She interviews a sample of n = 6 customers whohave made complaints and asks each of them whether staff had handled their complaints well.Each interview is called a trial. If a customer says their complaint was handled well this is called a success. She thinks that as long as these people are interviewed independently of each other then the number of people who say their complaint was handled well is a random variable with a Binomial probability distribution. The section manager thinks that the probability that a customers complaint will be handled well is p = .Q4 Use Information C to answer this question. A total of n = 6 people are interviewed independently of each other. Which of the following statements about the probability that 5 outof the 6 complaints will be handled well is correcta.less thanb.between andc.more thand.between ande.None of the aboveQ5 Using Information C, which of the following statements about the probability that 4 or lessof the 6 complaints will be handled well is correcta.less thanb.more thanc.between andd.between ande.None of the aboveQ6 Suppose the section manager from Information C is interested in the measures of central tendency and variation for the number of complaints which are handled well. Which of the following sets of values, where values are rounded to 3 decimal places, is the correct set of valuesa.Mean mu = and variance sigma-squared =b.Mean mu = and variance sigma-squared =c.Mean mu = and variance sigma-squared =d.Mean mu = and standard deviation sigma =e.None of the aboveInformation D, needed to answer Questions 7-9The manager of a large retailer thinks that one reason why staff at the complaints counter fail to handle customer complaints well is that not enough staff are allocated to this counter. Past experience has shown that the number of customers who arrive at this counter has a Poisson distribution where the average number who arrive each hour is 36. He decides to look at how many customers are likely to arrive at the complaints counter during a 5-minute period.Q7 Use Information D to answer this question. Which of the following statements concerning the probability that exactly 2 customers will arrive at the counter in a 5-minute period is correcta.less thanb.between andc.between andd.more thane.None of the aboveQ8 Use Information D to answer this question. Which of the following statements concerning the probability that 3 or more customers will arrive at a counter in a 5-minute period is correcta. between andb.less thanc.more thand.between ande.None of the aboveQ9 The section manager from Information D is interested in the mean and variance of the number of customers who arrive during a 1 hour period. Which of the following is the correct set of values for these two measuresa.Mean mu = 3 and variance sigma-squared = 3b.Mean mu = 36 and standard deviation sigma =c.Mean mu = 30 and variance sigma-squared = 30d.Mean mu = 36 and standard deviation sigma = 6e.None of the aboveTopic 5: Normal probability distribution & sampling distributionQ1 Which of the following is not a property of the normal distributiona.It is bell-shaped.b.It is slightly skewed left.c.Its measures of central tendency are all identical.d.Its range is from negative infinity to positive infinity.a.the same as the area from 0 to .b.equal to .c. found by using Table in your textbook.d.all of the above.a.Theoretically, the mean, median, and mode are the same.b. About two-thirds of the observations fall within±1 standard deviation from the mean.c.It is a discrete probability distribution.d.Its parameters are the mean and standard deviation.a.has a mean of 0 and a standard deviation of 1.b.has a mean of 1 and a variance of 0.c.has a total area equal to .d.cannot be used to approximate discrete binomial probability distributions.Q5 In the standardized normal distribution, the probability that Z > 0 is _______.a.b.c.d.cannot be found without more informationQ6 The probability of obtaining a value greater than 110 in a normal distribution in which themean is 100 and the standard deviation is 10 is ______________ the probability of obtaining avalue greater than 650 in a normal distribution with a mean of 500 and a standard deviationof 100.a.less thanb.equal to.c.greater thand.It is unknown without more information.a.close tob.c. a negative numberd.almost zeroQ8 For some positive value of Z, the probability that a standardized normal variable is between0 and Z is . The value of Z isa.b.c.d.Q9 For some value of Z, the probability that a standardized normal variable is below Z is . The value of Z isa.b.c.d.Q10 Given that X is a normally distributed random variable with a mean of 50 and astandard deviation of 2, the probability that X is between 47 and 54 isa.b.c.d.Q11 For some positive value of X, the probability that a standardized normal variable is between0 and + is . The value of X isa.b.c.d.Q12 The owner of a fish market determined that the average weight for a catfish is pounds with a standard deviation of pounds. A citation catfish should be one of the top 2 percent in weight. Assuming the weights of catfish are normally distributed, at what weight (in pounds) should the citation designation be establisheda.poundsb.poundsc.poundsd.poundsa.It is unbiased.b.It is always equal to the population mean.c.Its average is equal to the population mean.d.Its variance becomes smaller when the sample size gets bigger.Q14 The sampling distribution of the mean is a distribution of:a.individual population values.b.individual sample values.c.statistics.d.parameters.Q15 The standard deviation of the sampling distribution of the mean is called the:a.standard error of the sample.b.standard error of the estimate.c.standard error of the mean.d.All of the aboveQ16 According to the central limit theorem, the sampling distribution of the mean can be approximated by the normal distribution:a.as the number of samples gets "large enough."b.as the sample size (number of observations) gets "large enough."c.as the size of the population standard deviation increases.d.as the size of the sample standard deviation decreases.Q17 For a sample size of n=10, the sampling distribution of the mean will be normally distributed:a.regardless of the population's distribution.b.if the shape of the population is symmetrical.c.if the variance of the mean is known.d.if the population is normally distributedTopic 6: EstimationQ1 The interval estimate using the t critical value is ________ than the interval estimate using the z critical value.a.Narrowerb.The same asc.Widerd.More powerfulQ2 To estimate the mean of a normal population with unknown standard deviation using asmall sample, we use the ______ distribution.a.'t'b.'Z'c.samplingd.alphaQ3 If the population does not follow a normal distribution, then to use the t distribution to give a confidence interval estimate for the population mean, the sample size should be:a.at least 5b.at least 30c.at least 100d.less than 30Q4 The 'z' value or 't' value used in the confidence interval formula is called the:a.sigma valueb.critical valuec.alpha valued.none of the aboveQ5 The 'z' value that is used to construct a 90 percent confident interval is:a.b.c.d.Q6 The 'z' value that is used to construct a 95 percent confidence interval is:a.b.c.d.Q7 The sample size needed to construct a 90 percent confidence interval estimate for the population mean with sampling error±when sigma is known to be 10 units is:a.9b.32c.75d.107a.the sample size decreasesb.the sample size approaches infinityc.the confidence level increasesd.the sample is smallQ9 The t-critical value used when constructing a 99 percent confidence interval estimate with a sample of size 18 is:a.b.c.d.Q10 The t-value that would be used to construct a 90 percent confidence interval for themean with a sample of size n 36 would be:a.b.c.d.Q11 The value of alpha (two tailed) for a 96 percent confidence interval would be: a.b.c.d.Q12 When using the t distribution for confidence interval estimates for the mean, the degrees of freedom value is:a.nb.n-1c.n-2d.n %2B 1Q13 You would interpret a 90 percent confidence interval for the population mean as:a.you can be 90 percent confident that you have selected a sample whose intervaldoes include the population meanb.if all possible samples are selected and CI's are calculated, 90 percent of those intervalswould include the true population meanc.90 percent of the population is in that intervald.both A and B are trueQ14 From a sample of 100 items, 30 were defective. A 95 percent confidence interval for the proportion of defectives in the population is:a.(.2, .4)b.(.21, .39)c.(.225, .375)d.(.236, .364)Q15 A confidence interval was used to estimate the proportion of statistics students that are male. A random sample of 70 statistics students generated the following 90 percent confidence interval: , . Using the information above, what size sample would be necessary if we wanted to estimate the true proportion to within± using 95 percent confidencea. 240b. 450c. 550d. 150整理人：阿桤。
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1
ˆ 1 A ˆ 1 BA ˆ 1 2 A ˆ 1 BA ˆ ˆ 1 2 A ˆ ˆ 1 BA ˆ ˆ 1 。 A
* ˆx p ˆ x x unj d x 0 ，从而证明 如 uni 是能量 En 的本征函数（ i 为简并指标），证明 uni xp
（1）求粒子的能级和相应的波函数； （2）若粒子处于 n x 态，证明 x
a2 8 a ， ( x x )2 1 2 2 2 12 n 。
3.
[程檀生. 量子力学习题指导[M]. 北京: 北京大学出版社, 2013. 11: 23]
A ei kx B e i kx 若在 x 轴的有限区域，有一位势如图所示，在区域外的波函数为 i kx i kx C e D e
ˆB ˆ ˆ Hermite 算符； ˆ 和iA （1）证明 A , B
n
ˆ ˆ 是 Hermite 算符的条件。 （2）求出 AB 7. [程檀生. 量子力学习题指导[M]. 北京: 北京大学出版社, 2013. 11: 45]
ˆ和A ˆ 1 存在，求证 A ˆ B ˆ 设 是一小量，算符 A
0 粒子处于位场 V V0
动）。 2.
x0 （其中 V0 0 ）中，求 E V0 时的透射系数和反射系数（粒子自左向右运 x0
[程檀生. 量子力学习题指导[M]. 北京: 北京大学出版社, 2013. 11: 21]
x 0 一粒子在一维势场 V x 0 0 x a 中运动。 x 0
ˆ ˆ ˆB ˆ ,B ˆ 1 A ˆ A 2
。
（提示：考虑 f e A e B e
ˆ ˆ
ˆB ˆ A
，证明
df ˆ ˆ A, B f ，然后积分。） d
6.
[程檀生. 量子力学习题指导[M]. 北京: 北京大学出版社, 2013. 11: 43] ˆ 、B ˆ 是 Hermite 算符， 若A
ˆ Y C Y ，L ˆ Y C Y ； （2） L lm 1 lm 1 lm 2 lm 1
ˆ2 L ˆ2 1 L ˆ L ˆ ˆ ˆ （3） L x y L L 。 2
11. [程檀生. 量子力学习题指导[M]. 北京: 北京大学出版社, 2013. 11: 52]
2 设粒子处于 Ylm , 状态，利用上题结果求 L2 x 和 Ly 。
第 4 页，共 12 页
12. [程檀生. 量子力学习题指导[M]. 北京: 北京大学出版社, 2013. 11: 52] 利用力学量的平均值随时间的变化，求证一维自由运动的粒子的 x 2 随时间的变化为
( x 2 ) t ( x 2 ) 0 2 1 1 2 ˆˆx p ˆxx ˆ )0 ( x ˆ )0 ( p ˆ x )0 t 2 (px ( xp )0 t 2 。 2
1 2 x2 2
（ 为常数）。（1）求归一化系数 A ；（2）求 x 和 px 。
2.
[程檀生. 量子力学习题指导[M]. 北京: 北京大学出版社, 2013. 11: 10]
Ax e x 一维运动的粒子处于 x 0 x0 的状态，其中 0 ，求归一化系数 A 和粒子动量的几率分 x0
1 2 1 1 2 证明： ,r r r ； 2 , r 。 2
3.
[程檀生. 量子力学习题指导[M]. 北京: 北京大学出版社, 2013. 11: 62] 0 对于球方位势 V r V0 ra ，试给出 n 个 l C S11S S12 D 2 2 之间有如下关系： ，这即“出射”波和“入射”波之间的关系，证明： S11 S12 1 ， B S A S D 21 22
* * S21 S22 1 ， S11 S12 S 21 S 22 0 。这表明 S 是幺正矩阵。 2 2
5.
[程檀生. 量子力学习题指导[M]. 北京: 北京大学出版社, 2013. 11: 24] 求粒子在下列位场中运动的能级： V x 1 2 x 2 2 x0 x0 。
第 2 页，共 12 页
6.
[程檀生. 量子力学习题指导[M]. 北京: 北京大学出版社, 2013. 11: 25] 粒子以动能 E 入射，受到双 势垒 V x V0 x x a 作用，求粒子的反射几率和透射几率以 及发生完全透射的条件。
这个资料是我在淘宝上购买的北京大学量子力学资料里面的一份，是经本人重新整理校对之后发布的。这 些题目的大多数可以在每一道题前面的文献中找到答案，仅有几道题没有答案。
第一章
1.
绪论
[程檀生. 量子力学习题指导[M]. 北京: 北京大学出版社, 2013. 11: 3] 两个光子在一定条件下可以转化为正、负电子对，若两光子的能量相等，问要实现这种转化光子的
4.
[程檀生. 量子力学习题指导[M]. 北京: 北京大学出版社, 2013. 11: 62] 设氢原子处于状态 r , , 1 3 R21 (r ) Y10 , R21 (r ) Y11 , ，求氢原子的能量、角动量平方和 2 2
6.
[程檀生. 量子力学习题指导[M]. 北京: 北京大学出版社, 2013. 11: 13] 证明从单粒子的 Schrodinger 方程得出的粒子的速度场是非旋的，即证 v 0 ，其中 v j
。
第三章
1.
一维定态问题
[程檀生. 量子力学习题指导[M]. 北京: 北京大学出版社, 2013. 11: 19]
2.
[程檀生. 量子力学习题指导[M]. 北京: 北京大学出版社, 2013. 11: 39]
ˆ i ， f q 是 q 的可微函数，证明（1） ˆ 2 f q ˆ ；（2） ˆ, p ˆ 2 f q ˆ2 f 。 设 q, p q, p 2i pf p i p
3. [程檀生. 量子力学习题指导[M]. 北京: 北京大学出版社, 2013. 11: 39]
ˆ, B ˆ B ˆ,C ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ 证明： A , C , A C , A, B 0 。
4. [程檀生. 量子力学习题指导[M]. 北京: 北京大学出版社, 2013. 11: 40]
波长最大是多少？
2.
[程檀生. 量子力学习题指导[M]. 北京: 北京大学出版社, 2013. 11: 5] 计算下列情况的 de Broglie 波长，指出哪种情况要用量子力学处理：
（1）能量为 0.025 eV 的慢中子（ mn 1.67 10 24 g ）被铀吸收； （2）能量为 5 MeV 的 粒子（ m 6.64 10 24 g ）穿过原子； （3）飞行速度为 100 m/s，质量为 40 g 的子弹。
1 1 求 1 ei kr 和 2 e i kr 的几率流密度。 r r
5.
[程檀生. 量子力学习题指导[M]. 北京: 北京大学出版社, 2013. 11: 12] 若 A ekx B e kx ，其中 k 为实数，求其几率流密度。你从结果中得到什么样的结论？
第 1 页，共 12 页
m .求
1 ˆ2 ； m 2 x 2
2 ˆx p ； 2m
（3）动量的几率分布函数。 10. [程檀生. 量子力学习题指导[M]. 北京: 北京大学出版社, 2013. 11: 51]
ˆ L ˆ iL ˆ ，证明： 若L x y
ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ2 ˆ ˆ2 ˆ （1） Lz , L L ， L , L L , L 0 ；
布函数。 3. [程檀生. 量子力学习题指导[M]. 北京: 北京大学出版社, 2013. 11: 11] 一维自由运动粒子，在 t 0 时刻波函数为 x, 0 x ，求 ( x, t ) 。
2
4.
[程檀生. 量子力学习题指导[M]. 北京: 北京大学出版社, 2013. 11: 12]
2 ˆx 和 p ˆx 注：自由粒子的 p 与时间无关。
第五章
1.
变量可分离型的波动方程
[程檀生. 量子力学习题指导[M]. 北京: 北京大学出版社, 2013. 11: 59] 求三维各向异性谐振子的波函数和能级。
2.
[程檀生. 量子力学习题指导[M]. 北京: 北京大学出版社, 2013. 11: 60]
ˆ ˆ ˆ e L ˆ L ˆ 。 ˆ ˆ 1 ˆ ˆ ˆ 1 L ˆ, L ˆ, L ˆ, A 证明： e L A A , A 2! L, L, A 3!
第 3 页，共 12 页
5.
[程檀生. 量子力学习题指导[M]. 北京: 北京大学出版社, 2013. 11: 40] ˆ 、B ˆ 与它们的对易子 A ˆ ˆ 都对易，证明 e A e B e 若A , B
2 设一维谐振子处于基态，求它的 x 2 和 p x ，并验证测不准关系。
第四章
1.
量子力学中的力学量
[程檀生. 量子力学习题指导[M]. 北京: 北京大学出版社, 2013. 11: 39] ˆx V 2 ˆ 1 p ˆ , x i p ˆ ˆ ˆx ˆ2 ˆ2 H 若H p ， 。 y pz V x, y, z ，证明 H , px i 2 x
ˆ x xunj d ij 。 i uni p 2
9.
[程檀生. 量子力学习题指导[M]. 北京: 北京大学出版社, 2013. 11: 50] 一维谐振子处在基态 x （1）势能的平均值 A （2）动能的平均值 T