2011高考英语一轮复习：分词
2011高考英语总复习语法：句子成分和种类 必会
句子成分
组成句子的各个部分叫句子成分。 组成句子的各个部分叫句子成分。英语 中句子成分有主语，谓语，表语，宾语， 中句子成分有主语，谓语，表语，宾语，宾 语补足语，定语，状语等。 语补足语，定语，状语等。 在句子中的顺 序一般是主语，谓语，宾语，宾语补足语， 序一般是主语，谓语，宾语，宾语补足语， 而表语，定语，状语的位置要根据情况而定。 而表语，定语，状语的位置要根据情况而定。
9. (interj.） ） 表示强烈的感情
感叹词
Oh ! How beautiful the scene is! What a good idea! Goodness !
10. （art.） ） 用来限制名词的 意义 冠词
I have a pet dog . The dog is very lovely. He is an old man but very strong.
什么情况下用it作形式主语？ 什么情况下用 作形式主语？ 作形式主语
当不定式、动名词或从句在某个句子中作主语 不定式、动名词或从句在某个句子中作主语 为保持句子结构前后平衡，避免头重脚轻， 时，为保持句子结构前后平衡，避免头重脚轻， 因此常用it作形式主语置于句首 作形式主语置于句首， 因此常用 作形式主语置于句首，而将真正的 主语放在句尾。此时it只起先行引导作用 只起先行引导作用， 主语放在句尾。此时 只起先行引导作用，本 身无词义。 身无词义。
3．副词充当宾语。如： ．副词充当宾语。 The athletes left there just now． ． 4．不定式充当宾语。如： ．不定式充当宾语。 Remember to bring your cell phone． ． 5．-ing分词充当宾语。如： 分词充当宾语。 ． 分词充当宾语 You won’t forget attending his farewell concert． ． They stopped smoking at last． ．
2011届高考英语第一轮单元知识点复习40
（2）sacrifice sth.to...向„„献祭
sacrifice one’s life/health to do sth.牺 牲性命/健康来做某事
sacrifice sth.for sth.牺牲„„以换取„„
能力转化
（1）许多父母为了送孩子上大学做出了巨大的牺
牲。 Many parents make great sacrifices to
代替恐惧和怀疑的地方).
6. From about 1830 onwards in the USA (在美国 约从1830年起),European settlers began to move westwards.
7.Bison waste no longer fell on the ground
产生影响).
导练互动
重点单词 1.sacrifice
...;the many sacrifices of the Civil Rights Movement.(回归课本P43) 观察思考 Her parents made sacrifices so that she could have a good education. 为了让她受良好的教育,她的父母作了很多牺牲。 They offered sacrifices to the gods. 他们向众神献上祭品。 She sacrificed everything for her children.她为子女牺牲了一切。
能力转化
（1）他给我们提供食品和衣物。
He provided food and clothes for us.=He provided us with food and clothes. （2）太阳为地球上所有的生物提供光和热。 It is the sun that supplies and heat. （3）他给我端了一杯酒。 all the living things on the earth ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้ith light
2011届高考英语第一轮词汇复习题6
Chapter 6 SBI Units 11 – 12☆重点句型☆1. What do you think the music comes from?do you think 作插入语2. You want to find a good sang to dance to.不定式作后置定语3. If only they could find a way to get to the room.If only 的用法4. He was just about to say something when Peter turned around. when 的用法5. What do you have in mind? 表示“心里想着某事”6. The next time you look for a tape, don't just look for Chinese or American music.名词引导时间状语从句7. It looked as if the creature had moved. as if 的用法☆重点词汇☆1. traditional adj. 传统的2. instrument n. 工具，器械3. perform vt. / vi. 表演，执行4. characteristic n. 特点5. contain vt. 包含6. intelligence n. 智力7. spread vt. / vi. 传播，伸展8. variety n. 多样性，种类9. universal adj.通用的，世界的10. record vt. / vi. / n. 记录，录音，唱片11. satisfy vt. 满足12. desire n. / vt. 心愿，期望13. emotion n. 情感14. musician n. 音乐家15. express vt. 表达16. literature n. 文学，文艺17. comedy n. 喜剧18. power n. 能力，力量19. habit n. 习惯20. whisper v. / vt./ vi. 耳语，低声说21. treat v. / n. 对待，请客22. entertain v. 使人快乐☆重点短语☆1. have much in common 有很多共同之处2. turn...into... 把……变成3. a series of 一连串的，一系列的4. in trouble 在困境中5. turn around 转过身6. believe in 信任，信仰7. come across 偶然遇到8. take turns 轮流9. on the other hand 在另一方面10. make a decision做决定11. make fun of 取笑12. think well of 高度评价13. be similar to与……相似14. compare...with...把……和……比较15. make suggestions 提出建议16. the latest style 最新的式样17. make money 赚钱18. dance to 和着……的节奏跳舞19. be satisfied with 对……感到满意20. pick up 捡起，接收21. make a record 制作唱片22. play a trick on sb. 捉弄某人短语闯关下列短语都是这两个单元学过的重要短语，请你根据汉语在横线上填入一个正确的词，每个词5分，80分才能过关，你一定能过关，做好了闯关的准备吗?那么我们就开始吧?1. ____ common 共同(的)；共有(的)2. turn...____ 把……变成3. a ____ of 一连串的；一系列；一套4. ____ trouble 处于困境中；有麻烦5. come ____ 偶然遇见，碰上6. believe ____ 信任；信仰；支持，赞成7. turn ____ 转过身；转过来8. ____ a decision 作决定9. ____ easy 感到舒心10. ____ instruments 演奏乐器11. ____ one's inner desire 满足内心的欲望12. ____ an arts festival 举办艺术节13. ____ the same goals 有共同的目标14. get ____ 到达；做完；通过；度过；打通15. ____ sb badly 虐待某人16. ____... with / to 和……作比较17. ____ magic tricks 看魔术18. have... ____ mind想到；想着19. dance ____ music / a song / a tune 按音乐／歌曲／曲调的节拍跳舞20. a world ____ 无数……，大量……，许多……☆交际用语☆1. Why not have another try?2. What/How about going out for a swim this Sunday afte- rnoon?3. In my opinion, you should [ had better wait another ten minute.4. Maybe it would be better to ...5. That's a good idea.6. I'd love to, but ...7. What can you suggest?8. Nothing can stop me from ...9. Well, that's settled.10. Personally, I believe ...☆词汇短语☆【考点2】common 的用法▲搭配：①the commons 普通人．老百姓②out of (the) common 不寻常的，特殊的③have nothing in common (with) (与……)没有共同之处【考例2】[2004辽宁] In the early days of the American．West, gun fights were not ____ for the water re—sources, and laws...A. unlawfulB. unacceptableC. unpopularD. uncommon[考查目标]本题考查common 等派生词的用法和词义。
2011年高考英语一轮复习系列：专题02 动词的时态及语态
备战2011届高考英语一轮复习专题02 动词的时态及语态【考纲解读】动词的时态和语态历来是高考题中考查的重头戏之一。
测试重点放在根据特定语言环境区别使用一般过去时和现在完成时；一般现在时(过去时)与现在(过去)进行时；及物动词的被动用法；特定的时间状语中时态的使用；结合所获得的语言知识确定正确时态的能力等。
综上所述，动词的时态和语态在高考测试中的地位非常重要。
因而考生在复习备考中必须对本专题引起足够的重视。
【知识要点】动词的时态一、一般现在时的用法1.经常性或习惯性的动作，常与表示频度的时间状语连用。
时间状语：every...，sometimes,on SundayI leave home for school at 7 every morning.我每天早上七点离家去学校。
2.客观真理，客观存在，科学事实。
The earth moves around the sun.地球围着太阳转。
Shanghai lies in the east of China.上海位于中国的东方。
3.表示格言或警句中。
Pride goes before a fall.骄者必败。
注意：此用法如果出现在宾语从句中，即使主句是过去时，从句谓语也要用一般现在时。
Columbus proved that the earth is round.哥伦布证明地球是圆的。
4.现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。
比较：Now I put the sugar in the cup.现在我往杯子里放糖。
I am doing my homework now.我在做作业。
第一句用一般现在时，用于操作演示或指导说明的示范性动作，表示言行的瞬间动作。
再如：Now watch me，I switch on the current and stand back. 第二句中的now是进行时的标志，表示正在进行的动作的客观状况，所以后句用一般现在时。
二、一般过去时的用法1.在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。
【珍藏精品】2011届高考第一轮总复习经典实用学案：语法专题11
(2)不定式在介词but, except, besides后面时，如果这
些介词之前有行为动词do的各种形式，那么，这些介词 后的不定式不带to，否则要带to。
Little girls could do nothing but cry.(＝Little girls
had no choice but to cry.)
分词作表语，其逻辑主语是句中的主语 分词作宾补，其逻辑主语是前面的宾语
分词作状语，其逻辑主语是句中的主语
3．分词在句子中的作用 (1)分词作定语：相当于被省略的定语从句，其和先 行词(即分词的逻辑主语)是主动关系时用现在分词，被动 关系则用过去分词。如：
Our teacher told us the exciting news.
(4)在短语devote to, look forward to, stick to, be used to, object to, thank you for, excuse me for, be (kept) busy, be worth, have difficulty/trouble/problem(in), have a good/wonderful/hard time(in), there’s no use/good, get
2 ． (2009· 四 川 )______ many times, he finally
3．(2009·江苏)Schools across China are expected to hire 50,000 college graduates this year as short－term teachers, almost three times the number hired last year, ______ reduce unemployment pressures.
2011年高考英语一轮复习【精品教学】Modules 1~6 Module 4课件 外研版必修2
The argument
was kept alive
by those enthusiastic
students.热情的学生还在进行争论。 The discussion came alive when it came to an
interesting topic.当引入有趣的话题后，讨论变得热烈了。
Ⅳ.交际用语必背
1．You've got it right .你说对了。 2．I'm not half as good as 半好。 3．What do you make of it？你认为它怎么样？ you.我还 没有你的一
4．There is an exhibition on .现在展览正在进行。
的”，可用来指人或物，作定语或表语。 My first teacher is still living. 我的启蒙老师仍健在。
A living language should be learned through listening
and speaking.一种现在被使用的语言应通过听说来学习。 (3)live“活的，活生生的”，通常指物，不指人，常用 来作定语，放在名词的前面。还指“实况转播的”。 Do you like a live show or a recorded show?
宾语补足语由现在分词短语充当。
[例句仿写] 她不停地跑，汗水顺着脸流下来。
She ran and ranwith sweat running down her face.
3．He is most famous for his lively painting of horses.
[信息提取]
“most＋形容词或副词”结构前不加定冠词
2011年高考英语一轮复习【精品教学】Modules 1~6 Module 6课件 外研版必修2
6．On hearing the news，he________(leap) into his car
and drove home.
答案：leapt/leaped 7．This is an ________(entertain) puppet show.Most of the children like it very much. 答案：entertaining
3 ． He is always ________(argue) with his wife about
money.
答案：arguing 4．No one will get________(interest) in such dull-color dresses. 答案：interested
5．I find some of Brahms' music really ________(move)．
She is very interested in languages.
她对语言非常感兴趣。
2 ． This newly designed toy will certainly ________
children，because it is so lovely. A．disappoint C．punish B．interest D．lose
show/lose interest in sth. 表现出/失去对……的兴趣 have no/some/much/little interest in sth. (1) 对……没有/有些/很有/没有多少兴趣 with interest 有兴趣地 in the interest(s) of 为了……的利益 the public interest 公共利益 (2)be interested in 对……感兴趣
高考英语一轮复习语法总结讲义
一、时态、语态时态、语态需要掌握的要点：1.表达将来时的形式：(1)在时间、条件、让步从句中，一般现在时代替将来时，但要注意区别从句的类型，如：I’ll tell him when you will ring again. 我告诉他你什么时候再来电话。
(宾语从句)比较：I’ll tell him when you ring again.你再打电话时我告诉他。
(状语从句)(2)在make sure, make certain, see (to it) 后的that从句中，谓语动词用一般现在时代替将来时，如：See to it that you include in the paper whatever questions they didn’t know the answer to last time.(include 不能用will include或其他形式) 2.完成时是时态测试的重点，注意与完成时连用的句型和时间状语：(1)by/between/up to/till +过去时间、since、by the time/when +表示过去发生情况的从句，主句用过去完成时。
如：We had just had our breakfast when an old man came to the door.Between 1897 and 1919 at least 29 motion pictures in which artificial beings were portrayed had been produced.(表示1919年时已发生的情况) (2)by +将来时间、by the time/ when +谓语动词是一般现在时的从句，主句用将来完成时。
如：By the time you arrive in London, we will have stayed in Europe for two weeks.I hope her health will have improved greatly by the time we come back next year.(3)by now、since +过去时间、in/during/for/over/the past/last few(或具体数字)years/days/months，主句用现在完成时,如：The changes that had taken place in air travel during the last sixty years would have seemed completely impossible to even the most brilliant scientists at the turn of the 19th century.但在it is +具体时间since/before这一句型中，主句更多的时候不用完成时。
2011届安徽省高考英语一轮复习精品资料Unit 23 Conflict 冲 突
send off送别；发出 send out发送；派遣；发出；放出；生出 send for sth.(sb.)派人去拿(某物)，派人去叫(某 人) send in 叫……进来，提交 The sun sends out light and warmth.太阳发出光 和热。 He has sent three paintings in for the exhibition. 他已递交三幅画参加展览。
4.单词拼写 While we were sleeping，a thief s________into our bed room and took away some money. 【答案】 stole 答案】
send vt.送；派遣；使…… send a letter寄信 send sb.to do sth.派某人去做某事 send sb.doing sth.使某人做某事 , The fire sent everyone running out of the building. 大火使得大家都从楼里跑了出来。
5.Don’t worry，Madam.The doctor________. A．is sent for B．was sent for C．is to send for D．has been sent for 【解析】 本题考查时态用法。Don’t worry为 解析】 安慰对方，说明医生正在路上，马上就到。因此用 完成时态较佳。 【答案】 D 答案】
possession
n. 私有物品 私有物品16. security n. 代表 18.Βιβλιοθήκη representative
消费， consume vt. 喝；消费，消耗
相识的人 acquaintance n.相识的人 20.
2011年高考英语一轮复习学案：Unit3-4(高三部分)
Units 3～4The land down underGreen worldⅠ.单项填空1．In Australia there are over 140 species of snakes，________ extremely dangerous.A．many of them are B．many of which C．of them many are D．of which many are 解析：此处是定语从句，故引导词要用which；of which many亦可说many of which。
答案：D2．At weekends many westerners take a journey to the countryside or to the sea to ________ from their daily life in the city.A．keep away B．take away C．put away D．get away解析：get away from their daily life in the city躲离开城市的日常生活。
答案：D3．SARS，a terrible disease，________ in China and southeast Asia in 2003，causing many deaths.A．broke out B．turned out C．worked out D．made out解析：“灾害、疾病、战争等爆发”用break out。
答案：A4．Australia is a very la rge country，whose climate varies greatly ________ on the area.A．depended B．to be depended C．to depend D．depending[解析：depending on...在此是现在分词作状语，相当于according to。
(江苏专版)2011高考英语一轮复习巩固提升 模块9Unit2Witnessing time(详细解析)牛津译林版
牛津译林江苏专版2011高考英语一轮复习巩固提升模块9 Unit 2 Witnessing timeⅠ.单词拼写1. You should contact John for more information. He could f you with the rest details.2. The meeting has been c because of the bad weather.3. They (委任) her to take care of that old man.4. He always seems cheerful even in (失败).5. The judge (判决) him to do hard labour.Ⅱ. 翻译句子1. 他整夜躺在床上睡不着，思考着在书中读到的内容。
（分词短语作状语）________________________________________________________________________________2. 人们常常把态度与成功联系起来。
(associate ...with)________________________________________________________________________________3. 就薪酬而言这份工作挺好，但它也有一些不足之处。
(in terms of)________________________________________________________________________________4. 为了夺取这座城市的控制权，一个计划正在被秘密谋划着。
(seize control of)________________________________________________________________________________5. 这个男子被指控犯有盗窃罪。
2011年高考英语一轮复习学案：Unit9-10(高三部分)
Units 9～10Health care AmericanliteratureⅠ.单项填空1．If he ha d been quick enough，the fire ________ so much damage.A．wouldn’t have caused B．wouldn’t causeC．can’t have caused D．shouldn’t cause解析：虚拟语气假设与过去事实相反，此时，if从句中用had done/been，主句中用would have done形式。
答案：A2．This government programme ________ improving the people’s living condition turned out to be a great success.A．was aimed at B．aimed at C．was aimed to D．aimed to解析：aimed at或aiming at是分词短语作定语。
答案：B3．This summer she took a training course，which was ______ to help people develop their reading skills.A．operated B．ensured C．occupied D．Designed解析：be designed to do sth.意为“目的是；打算做某事”。
答案：D4．It’s obvious that the government’s efforts to fight poverty and improve health care ________ s everal aspects.A．conduct B．absorb C．cover D．reflect解析：cover可作“涉及到”解。
答案：C5.They hope that the measures they have taken will ______ towards solving the problem.A．go over B．go for C．go far D．go close解析：go far此处可译作“有效用；起作用；有价值”。
2011届高考英语第一轮单元考点复习45
Unit 2
重点单词
1．defeat vt.击败，战胜；使落空 n．失败，战败；挫败 【用法拓展】 defeat one’s plan 使计划落空 admit defeat承认失败 invite a defeat 招致失败 defeat an enemy 打败敌人 defeat，conquer，beat，overcome表示“击败”时的区别： defeat 最普通，指获得胜利，尤其指“军事上的胜利”。 conquer 含有决定性的、经常是大规模的胜利的意思。 beat 比较不正式，常作为defeat的对等词语，尽管beat可以 传递更大的强调意义。
They’ve had to cancel tomorrow’s football match because of
the bad weather. 因为天气太糟，他们不得不取消了明天的足球比赛。[剑桥
高阶]
The teacher cancelled a few lines from my composition. 老师把我的作文删去了几行。
The sports meet was postponed on account of rain.
运动会因下雨延期。
即学即用
⑩All flights ________ because of the snowstorm，many passengers could do nothing but take the train. A．had been canceled B．have been canceled C．were canceled D．having been canceled 解析：题意：由于所有航班均因暴风雪而取消，许多乘客 只得改乘火车。逗号前面的部分为独立主格结构，所以必 须用分词结构。 答案：D
2011年高考英语一轮复习学案：Unit1-2(高二部分)
Units 1~2 Making a differenceNews mediaⅠ.单项填空1．They are now in great need of help.So your support will certainly make a ________.A．deal B．decision C．point D．difference解析：make a difference“很重要，与众不同”。
答案：D2．The climbers are ________ after the long and hard trip.They need rest and food badly.A．used up B．made up C．given out D．run out解析：use up“用完；精疲力竭”。
答案：A3．I t has been raining every day so far.I hope tomorrow will ________ fine.A．turn to B．turn up C．turn into D．turn out解析：turn out (to be)＋adj.意为“结果会，最后是”。
答案：D4．I don’t think these black clothes ________her age.I guess red ones may be better.A．match B．fit C．connect D．equal解析：match作动词，意为“与……相配，适合……”。
fit常指衣帽等的大小合体。
答案：A5．Children are naturally ________ about everything around them.A．curious B．worried C．interested D．serious解析：be curious about sth.“对……感到好奇”。
答案：A6．There is very little ________ in protesting.It won’t help much.A．help B．meaning C．work D．point解析：there is no/little/not much point in doing sth.是固定句式，意为“做某事没用处”。
2011年高考英语一轮复习精品课件2-1Makingadifference有所作为
Unit 1 Making a difference 有所作为
探究复习· 思忆
1.________n．不同；差别→adj.不相同的； 不一样的 ________→vi.不同；不一样________． 2．________vt.&vi.着手做；从事→(过去 式)________→(过去分词)________ 3．________n．农业；农学→adj.农业的； 农学的 ________ 4．________adj.好奇的→adv.好奇地 ________→n.好奇
satisfy one's curiosity 满足……的好奇心 3)curiously adv. 好奇地；(修饰整个句 子)奇怪的事情是…… ①I'm_curious_to_know what is written in his letter. 我极想知道他在信中写些什么。 ②I opened the parcel out_of_curiosity. 出于好奇，我打开了包裹。 ③Curiously_enough，he seems to have known what we would do next. 说来奇怪，他似乎已经知道我们下一步怎
1.________ 对……表示满意或满足 2．________ 相反地；从相反方向；用相 反方式 3．________ 达到/实现某人的目标 4．________ 看 5．________ 继续工作 6．________ 过去；走过 7．________ 继续某种行为 8. ________ 梦想；梦到 9．________ 结果(是)；证明(是)；原来
ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ
【答案】 1.be satisfied with 2. the other way around 3.reach one's goal 4.take a look at 5.work on 6.go by 7.go on with 8. dream of 9.turn out e up
新课标2011高考英语一轮复习 Module4 Fine Arts-Western, Chinese
6．—I have failed ________ (pass) the exam. —That's too bad. But don't be discouraged. 答案：to pass 7．He dreamt of ________ (become) a bird. 答案：becoming
6．__ai_m_t_o_d_o_s_th_. __目的/力争去做某事 7．_b_e/_g_e_t _tir_e_d_o_f __对……厌烦 8．__b_e_f_o_nd__o_f ___喜欢；喜爱 9．_at_te_m_p_t_to_d_o_s_t_h_尝试/试图做某事 10．__a_s_e_ri_es__of____一系列的 11．_a_t t_h_e_s_am__e_ti_m_e_同时 12．__a_ll_t_he__tim__e ___一直
朗文在线： ①The resolution was adopted by a vote of 88 in favor
to 10 against it. 决议以88票对10票获得通过。 ②Mr.King adopted the orphan as his own son. 金先生把孤儿收养为自己的儿子。 ③He adapted himself to the cold weather. 他适应了寒冷的天气。
day. 答案：taking
4．Let's put ofl next Sunday.
答案：holding 5．I had intended ________ (help) you but I was busy
then. 答案：to help
答案：with different aspects of the object or person showing at the same time
【英语】海南2011高考一轮复习课件：Module_2_Highlights_of_My_Senior_Year(外研版选修7)
归纳拓展 suit sth.to sth.某物适合某物 be suited for/to适合于„„，适宜于„„ 注意 suit+sb.表示对某人方便、合某人的心 意,fit没有这个意思。指服装适合某人时，如果 指大小，用fit;如果指颜色或者样式，用suit。
活学活用
—How about eight o’clock outside the cinema?
活学活用
He used to be fond
is keen A.for;on C.in;for 解析
B
novels,but now he
playing computer games. B.of;on D.at;in
be fond of喜欢；be keen on (doing)
sth.喜欢/喜爱(做)某事。
8.The audience cheered（欢呼）the movie
star as she walked on stage. 9.It is a tradition (传统) that the young look after the old in their family. 10.We have to be highly competitive (努力竞 争的) to do well in sport nowadays.
观察思考 She considers that it is too early to form a definite conclusion.
她认为现在下确切的结论还为时过早。
I’m considering applying for that job. 我在考虑申请那份工作。 I consider it a great honour to be invited. 承蒙邀请我备感荣幸。 Zhou Kai is considered (to be) an excellent student. 周凯被认为是一名优秀学生。
2011年高考英语一轮复习学案：Unit11-12(高三部分)
Units 11～12Key to successEducationⅠ.单项填空1．________ back，she congratulated herself on making such a choice.A．Looking B．Looked C．To look D．Look解析：现在分词作时间状语。
答案：A2．Sports teams are made up of a certain number of players，________ common goal is to work together to win a match.A．whose B．where C．which D．of them解析：“球员的目标是团结协作去赢得比赛的胜利”，用whose引导定语从句。
答案：A3．As the years went by，she worked in many places，gradually ________ more and more experience.A．got B．to get C．having got D．getting解析：现在分词作结果状语。
答案：D4．Suppose you write with your opposite hand，________ you do not usually use for writing.A．that B．one C．the one D．what解析：the one代指前面的your opposite hand，是特指。
答案：C[5．________ by following your own interests will you ensure that you arrive at the best possible station in life.A．Only B．Simply C．Even D．Rather解析：“only＋介词短语”置于句首，句子用倒装结构。
2011届高考英语第一轮语法考点石成复习5
备战2011届高考英语（通用版）一轮复习专题05 主谓一致【考纲解读】高考研究主谓一致是历年高考试题中的主要测试点之一，它主要以单项填空的形式来测试语法一致的原则，意义一致的原则，就近一致的原则，同时还涉及动词时态、语态和修饰等。
由于汉语中没有主谓一致现象，所以有时很难把握这一语法现象。
在注意掌握主谓一致的基本原则的同时，要特别注意语言内容上一致的原则。
分数、百分数、不定式、动名词、主语从句等用作主语的主谓一致问题仍将会是今后高考命题的热点。
【知识要点】一、主谓一致的种类1.语法形式上的一致主语为单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式；主语为复数形式，谓语动词也用复数形式。
如：The number of the students present is 200.目前的学生数是200。
Jane and Mary look alike.简和玛丽看起来很像。
2.意义上一致1)主语形式虽为单数，但意义为复数，谓语动词用复数。
如：The crowd were shouting.人们在喊叫。
单数形式代表复数内容的词有people，police，cattle等。
2）主语形式为复数，而意义上却是单数，谓语动词用单数。
如：The news was so surprising.这则消息是那么得令人惊讶。
形复意单的单词有news和一些以 ics结尾的学科名称，如physics，politics，economics 等。
3.就近原则即谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于最靠近它的词语。
如用连词or，either...or，neither...not，not only...but also等连接的并列主语，如果一个是单数，一个是复数，谓语动词与靠近它的主语一致。
如：Either your students or Mr.Wang knows this.要么是你的学生，要么是王老师了解这件事。
二、主谓一致的应用1.名词作主语1) 某些集体名词，如family，team等作主语时，如果作为一个整体看待，谓语动词用单数形式，如果就其中一个个成员而言，谓语动词用复数形式。
高考英语一轮复习现在分词作状语课件
If he prepares fully, he may catch a sheep.
如：Hearing the bad news, they couldn’t help crying. (_时___间__ 状语) = _W__h_e_n_ they heard the bad news, they couldn’t help crying. 1. Using your head, you will find a way. (__条__件___ 状语) = ___If__ you use your head, you will find a way.
...
Adverbial
Review Try to count!!!
让 步
目 的
条 件
伴
随
时
间
状语
地 点
方
式
结
原
果
因
Social celebrities
Chinese poems
Cartoon & film
According to the information,
➢ guess who /what it is（1 point） ➢ find out what kinds of adverbial V-ing used as ? （1 point）
状语从句结构：逻辑连词+主语+谓语+其他
2.Being punished by the teacher, the boy was angry. (___原__因__ 状语) = __B_e_c__a_u_s__e_ the boy was punished by the teacher, he was angry.
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意与被动结构的区别。 系表结构说明主语的状态或具有的性质、 特点； 被动结构强调谓语动作，指主语所承受 的动作。
The small village is surrounded by trees.
(状态)
The small village was soon surrounded
by enemy soldiers. (动作)
⑥ 本节值得注意的问题：现在分词短语作定语 时，所表示的动作不能先于谓语所表示的动作， 也不可以表示将来。另外，一般不用现在分词 的完成式作定语
下列句子都是错的：
Here is Mr. Li coming from Beijing. (应改为who has come from Beijing) Those having finished their work can go home now. (应改为who have finished)
④ 过去分词作定语时，过去分词所表示的 动作可以在谓语所表示的动作之前发生， 也可以是没有一定的时间性，如：
1.Is this the book recommended by our teacher? 2.The meeting held last week is very important. 3.He is a man loved by all.
系表结构：a. 常用一般现在或一般过去时
态；b. 一般不带状语；c. 可以有不及物动
词的过去分词。
被动结构：a. 有多种时态，常与主动语态
的时态一致；b. 可以带时间、方式或 by 短
语作状语；c. 必须是及物动词。
I’m interested in chess. I was interested by what you told me.
4.I hate to see letters written in pencil.
注意
注①：如果所表示的动作现刻正在 发生，或是与谓语所表示的动作同 时发生，可以用现在分词的被动形 式来表示
The meeting being held is very important. We must keep a secret of the things being discussed here.
注②：如果所表示的是一个未来的动作，可以 用一个不定式的被动形式来表示
The meeting to be held next week is very important. Please tell me the subjects to be discussed at the next meeting.
关切的神情 有关的 同志 旧车 用过的教科书 特定的时间 给予的时间 复杂的问题 所涉及的问题
③ 作定语的现在分词所表示的动作发生 的时间有两种情况：
a. 表示正在进行的动作, (变为从句时要用进
行时态), 如：
Tell the children playing there (who are playing there) not to make so much noise.
高三英语总复习语法系列训练
分 词
现在分词与过去分词
1 构 成
2
功 能
3 时 态
4 语 态
5
独 立 结 构
6 区 别
一、构成形式
△ 现在分词（否定式not +分词）： 主动形式
一般式 完成式 doing having done
被动形式
being done having been done
△过去分词只有一种形式(v+ed)。否定式not +分词）
④ 现在分词作时间状语（相当于 when 引导的从句），如：
Turning around, she saw a police car driving up. Hearing the news, they all jumped with joy. Seeing those pictures, he couldn’t help thinking of those days in Yan’an.
⑤ 分词还可以作非限制性定语（相当于一个 非限制性定语从句），这时，它和句子的其 他部分用逗号隔开
试比较： All my brothers living in Shanghai are scientists. All my brothers, living in Shanghai, are scientists. All the letters in the drawer written in pencil are from my sister. All the letters in the drawer, written in pencil, are from my sister.
⑧ 不及物动词的过去分词不可用作后置 定语，若要表示这个意思要用从句，如：
The lion died in this zoo the other day was a mother lion. (应改为which/that died)
1、分词作状语说明谓语动词表示 状语 的动作发生的时间、原因、条件、 结果、伴随情况、行为方式或对谓 语加以补充说明等。 2、作状语的分词(短语)通常放在句首或句尾， 有时也可插在句子的主谓语之间。
二、 语法功 能 1．作表语 2．作定语 3．作状语 4．作宾语补足语
表语
现在分词多表示主语所具有的特征或属性； 过去分词多表示主语所处的状态。现在分 词表示“令人…的”，过去分词表示“感
到…”, 如：
The news was exciting. He appeared satisfied with my answer.
能够作后置定语的单个过去分词是非 常有限的，它们是concerned(有关的)used (用过的)，given(给予的)，involved(所涉 及的) left(剩下的) allowed(允许的)等。这 些词也可作前置定语，但所表达的意思有所不 同。
注意
a concerned look the comrade concerned a used car the textbooks used the given time the time given the involved problems the problem involved
The man giving us a lecture last week left for Shenzhen this morning. (应改为who gave us)
⑦ 系动词的现在分词形式不可用作后置定 语，此时要用从句来表示，如：
Those being busy don’t have to go. (应改为 Those who are busy don’t have to go.) His brother being a PLA man is 18 years old. (应改为who is)
定语
① 单独作定语，应放在被修饰 的名词之前，
1.Barking dogs seldom bite. 2.Soon our respected and beloved leaders entered the banquet hall. ② 在更多情况下，可以用分词短语作定语，这 时分词短语应放在被修饰的名词之后，在意义 上也相当于一个定语从句，如：
b. 表示经常性的动作, 或现在 (或当时) 的状态,
(变为从句时, 用一般时态), 如：
They lived in a room facing (= that faced) the south. The house standing (= that stands) at the corner of the street was built in 1955.
注意
注①：已经成为形容词的分词，可以用 very 修饰；没有完全成为形容词的分词宜
用 much 或 quite，有时也可用very much，
如：
I’m very much pleased. He’s very much worried about his health.
注意
注②：过去分词作表语时，应注
注意
注①：这里分词表示的是一个极短暂的
动作，这动作一发生，谓语动词所表示的 动作立即发生。这类分词一般放在句首。 如果两个动作是完全同时发生的，多用 when 或 while + 分词这种结构
如：
Be careful when crossing the street. Don’t mention this while talking to him.
3、分词作状语时，它的逻辑主语必须与句子 的主语保持一致。 4、有时为了明确时间、条件或结果，分词前可 加when, while, if, thus等连词。
(一) 现在分词作状语 ① 现在分词作伴随状语，表示陪衬性的动作或 伴随情况 例如： The children ran out of the room, laughing and talking merrily. They stood there for an hour watching the game. She sat at the desk reading a newspaper.
Following the guide, they started to climb.
Working this way, they greatly reduced the cost. Travelling by jeep, we visited a number of cities.
③ 现在分词作原因状语，表示原因或理由
如：
Seeing nobody at home, she decided to leave them a note. Not knowing her address, we couldn’t get in touch with her. Being so poor in those days, we couldn’t afford to send the boy to hospital.