An Analysis of Rhett‘s Chivalry in the Gone with the Wind
Gone with the Wind
• There are two meanings of Gone with the Wind. One is that the love of Scarlett has gone. Another, after American Civil War, the northern and southern regions of life has changed, the two cultures have collided with merged into each other, some backward culture have disappeared. • There is a faith of this novel that is more important than love.Scarlett suffers a lot,such as the ruin of the war,the death of her parents ,the pain and poverty of the life,and even the death of her daughter,but she is brave and strong all the time.So this novel teaches us to learn to ignore the past.We should believe that “tomorrow is another day!"
She lives a happy and rich life with Rhett Butler .But Scarlett still thinks she loves Ashley which causes the conflict between Rhett and herself.
The Analysis of the Character of Rhett in the Novel of Gone with the Wind
英语专业本科毕业论文（仅供参考）中文题目：对小说《飘》中人物瑞德巴斯勒的性格分析外文题目：The Analysis of the Character of Rhett in the Novel of Gone with the Windi对小说《飘》中人物瑞德巴斯勒的性格分析摘要：瑞德•巴特勒是美国女作家玛格丽特•米切尔的著名小说《飘》中的男主人公,是一个具有复杂性格的矛盾的统一体,可以说瑞德•巴特勒是一个充满传奇色彩的人物,但正是由于他的出现与存在才使得斯佳丽的人物形象变得更加丰满,才使得《飘》这个世界文学史上的璀璨明珠更具魅力。
也正是由于他传奇式的生活经历缔造了他性格的复杂性和矛盾性,正是这种性格造成了他爱情和婚姻上的悲剧结果。
本文就是对瑞德•巴特勒的性格作了分析。
主要从两个方面来写。
第一部分分析了瑞德•巴特勒的性格。
包括他的足智多谋、友好、责任心和嫉妒心。
他的这些性格使他在事业上成功了，这些性格也让他选择了那些他认为对他人生有好处的东西。
然后再对造成瑞德性格特征的内部和外部原因进行了分析。
关键词：分析；性格特点；足智多谋的；自信的；友好的；有责任心的The Analysis of the Character of Rhett in the Novel of Gone withthe WindAbstractRhett Butler is the male protagonist in the famous novel of Gone with the Wind which was written by U.S. writer Margaret Mitchell. He is a complex and contradictory character of unity. It can be said Rhett Butler is a legendary character; his existence makes the figure of Scarlett become more affluent and makes the history of world literature Gone with the Wind be more brilliant and at tractive. It is his legendary life experiences that creates his character‟s complexity and contradiction, which, in return, results in tragic consequences in his love and marriage.This paper is on the analysis of Rhett Butler‟s personalities. It is written mainly from two aspects. The first part analyses the features of personalities of Rhett Butler, including his resourcefulness, friendliness, responsibility and jealousy. What are his characteristics let him succeed in his career and choose something he thinks that would be good for him in his life. Then the paper analyses the external and internal reasons for what bring on the characteristics of Rhett.Key words: analysis; characteristics; resourceful; self-confident; friendly; responsibleAcknowledgementsThis paper grew out of my preparation for more than three months. An enormous debt is owed to my supervisor, professor You Xiaoping, for her wisdom, enthusiasm, support and encouragement. It is her profound knowledge and insight, constant strictness and kind understanding help me in overcoming difficulties, mastering basic writing skills, and forming my own ideas, which consequently have enabled me to finish this paper. Without her revising for several times, the paper would not be what it is now.My sincere thanks are also due to Mr. Tan Qi, Ms Zhang Xiaowen, Mr. Zhou Yunrui and Ms Zhou Shanshan, who have helped me a lot in every aspect of my study and life, especially the learning of translation theories, which is obviously of great value to the fulfillment of this paper. And I am eager to take the opportunity to thank Ms Chen Xiaorong, Mr. Liu Guoquan and other teachers who have given me guidance, assistance and concern. They have imparted to me so much valuable knowledge, which will benefit me the whole lifetime.In addition, I would like to thank my family who always support me in whatever conditions. Their encouragement and love give me warmth and confidence, which help me in surmounting so many obstacles and in realizing my dreams.Finally, I give my heartfelt thanks to my dear friends and fellow students, who have accompanied me throughout the four years at the university, sharing sadness and happiness with me and teaching me a lot. Our friendship is always a treasure and a driving force to me.Contents中文摘要 (i)Abstract (ii)Acknowledgements (iii)Introduction (1)I.Analysis of Rhett‟s Personalities (3)A.Resourcefulness and Self-confidence (3)1. Resourcefulness Embodied in His Business (4)2. Self-confidence Embodied in the Opinions of the War (6)B.Friendliness and Kindness (8)1. Friendliness to Melanie (8)2. Kindness to Mammy (9)3. Friendliness to Ashley (10)C.Consciousness and Responsibility (12)1.Love for Scarlett (13)2. Love for Bonnie (16)D.Jealousy and Disappointment (18)1. Ignorance the Hardship of Tarleton Because of Jealousy (18)2. Giving up Scarlett Because of Jealousy and Disappointment (19)II.Reasons for Shaping of Rhett‟s Character (22)A. The Exterior Reasons (22)B. The Internal Reasons (23)Conclusion (25)Notes (26)Bibliography........................................................................... .. (27)1The Analysis of the Character of Rhett in the Novel of Gone with theWindIntroductionMargaret Munnerlyn Mitchell (November 8, 1900 – August 16, 1949) was an American novelist, who won the Pulitzer Prize in 1937 for her epic novel Gone with the Wind, her only major publication. This novel is one of the most popular books of all time, selling more than 30 million copies (see list of best-selling books). The film adaptation of it, released in 1939, became the highest-grossing film in the history of Hollywood, and it received a record-breaking ten Academy Awards (a record since eclipsed by Ben Hur, Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King and Titanic). Mitchell has been honored by the United States Postal Service with a 1¢Great Americans series postage stamp.Set against the dramatic backdrop of the American Civil War, Margaret Mitchell‟s magnificent historical epic is an unforgettable tale of love and loss, of a nation mortally divided and a people forever changed. Above all, it is the story of beautiful, ruthless Scarlett O‟Hara and the dashing soldier of fortune, Rhett Butler.On the 60th anniversary of its first publication, Gone with the Wind endures as a story for all our times.Margaret Mitchell‟s epic novel of love and war won the Pulitzer Prize and went on to give rise to two authorized sequels and one of the most popular and celebrated movies of all time.Margaret Mitchell‟s story of Scarlett O‟Hara‟s and Rhett Butler‟s beguiling, twisted love for each other, set against the gruesome background of a nation torn apart by war, is by all accounts epic--so much so that it feels untouchable.Trough this paper, the reader can see during the Civil War a "hero" is how to live and make living with the situation‟s change. What his qualities are?I. Analysis of Rhett’s PersonalitiesRhett seems to be the one with eminence personality and be felt turpitude. He isa character either beyond the southern or very realistic and vulgar people. He is a successful figure in the novel at the same time and it is also a good example for such people who are the object to the money and the persons who lose their dignity for money in the modern society. He is notorious, once he was learning in "west Point", for the "strict father" is against his method, He has to leave home and begin hang around making living. He become opportunistic, meanwhile he gets all the bad habit that bad guy had in him, omnipotent. However, he was "smart, capable, witty, eloquent," with extraordinary courage and brave heart, the courage to defy the stereotypes of the South, However, he is "smart, capable, witty, eloquent," with extraordinary courage and brave heart, the strong courage make him to contempt the stereotypes of the south, moreover he put no attention on those sanctimonious "gentleman" and looked down on the self-willed and defiant southern "fighters". As he born in a rich family (his father was a local rather "fame," the old gentleman), but also well educated (have enrollment at West Point). He is a passionate and amorous man, his resourcefulness and courage, warm and friendly, easy going, responsible, and he also has a strong self-esteem and jealous characteristics.A.Resourcefulness and Self-confidenceRhett was a resourcefulness and self-confidence man. He was a capital. At that time, he got the right way to success. He sold the fashion clothes and guns. His face always masked a smile. He seemed to be a rich businessman, and he got money by sold guns during the war.1.Resourcefulness Embodied in His BusinessFor the first time recommending him, it was with the first sight for Scarlett, the novel shows Rhett like this:He was dressed in black broadcloth, a talk man, towering over the officerswho stood near him, bulky in the shoulder but tapering to a small waist andabsurdly small feet in varnished boots. His severe black suit, with fineruffled shirt and trousers smartly strapped beneath high insteps, was oddlyat variance with his physique and face, for he was foppishly groomed, theclothes of a dandy on a body that was powerful and latently dangerous inits lazy grace. His hair was jet black, and his black moustache was smalland closely clipped, almost foreign-looking compared with the dashing,swooping moustaches of the cavalrymen near by. He looked, and was, aman of lusty and unashamed appetites. He had an air of utter assurance, ofdispleasing insolence about him, and there was s twinkle of malice in hisbold eyes as he stared at Scarlett, until finally, feeling his gaze, she lookedtoward him.1For the first meet in the party in Twelve Oak, Rhett give us a view of rascal, gangster, disgusting people, and an unpleasant smile. However, it showed that he was a successful man a winner. He must be a profiteer and fashion man, and he must be experienced and resourceful. And then, he was a winner.Each human being is born as something new, something that never existed before. Each is born with the capacity to win at life. Each person has a unique way of seeing, hearing, touching, tasting and thinking. Each has his or her own unique potentials---capabilities and limitations. Each can be a significant, thinking, aware, and creative being---a productive person, a winner.As we know, Rhett was born in a family with a blue blood. But his strain was not familiar with the kind of the blue blood people. He refused to marry a girl who rid horse out with Rhett and spend a night. So he was banished from his family by his stern father. To some people, the storm in life is the disaster that leaves him nothing but the perpetual ruins. On the contrary, the Rhett see the storm as the turning point in life. He began his road which can be explored to success. Therefore, he became a winner.Rhett did not dedicated his lives to a concept of what he imagine he should be; rather, he was himself and as such do not use his energy putting on a performance, maintaining pretence and manipulating others. He was aware that there is a difference between being loving and acting loving, between being stupid and acting stupid, between being knowledgeable and acting knowledgeable. He did not need to hide behind a mask.Rhett was not afraid to do his own thinking and to use his own knowledge. He could se parate facts from opinions and don‟t pretend to have all the answers. He listened to others, evaluate what they said, but came to his own conclusions. Although Rhett could admire and respect other people, he was not totally defined, demolished, bound, or awed by them. Then the brilliant thought would be hit him.Rhett‟s timing was right. Rhett responded appropriately to the situation. His responses were related to the message sent and preserve the significance, worth, well-being, and dignity of the people involved. Rhett known that for everything there is a season and for every activity a time. Rhett in his circumstance got the right time to win by his intelligence.Although Rhett could freely enjoy himself, he could also postpone enjoyment, and he could discipline himself in the present to enhance his enjoyment in the future. Rhett was not afraid to go after what he wants, but he did so in proper ways. Rhett did not get his security by controlling others. He did not set himself up to lose.Rhett was the winner, and what he had done is like this. People want to be successful in life, he needs friends. People want to get a big achievement, he must have an enemy. Rhett was lonely, independent and confident, which is the reason for get a big success. As if he just a war profiteer, he got the right time and situation. His success is inevitable.2. Self-confidence Embodied in the Opinions of WarOn the party in the Twelve Oak, of all the groups that milled about under thetrees, girls smiled excitedly, men talked impassionedly. “Has any one of you gentlemen ever thought that there‟s not a cannon factory south of the Mason-Dixon Line?” 2 it was Rhett had known but the short sight southern man would never saw that the factory developed fast and guns advanced in north. His experience and knowledge about the timed society was in a giant difference with the south.And the following is the conversation, which was the evidence in the novel:…The trouble with most of us Southerners,‟ continued Rhett Butler, …is thatwe either don‟t travel enough or we don‟t profit enough by our travels.Now, of cause, all you gentlemen are well travelled. But what have youseen? Europe and New York and Philadelphia and, of cause, the ladieshave been to Saratoga‟ (he bowed slightly to the group under the author).…You‟ve seen the gambling houses. And you‟ve come home believing thatthere‟s no place like the South. As for me, I was Charleston born, but Ihave spent the last few years in the North.‟His white teeth showed in agrin, as though he realized that everyone present knew just why he nolonger lived in Charleston, and cared not at all if they did know. …I haveseen many things that you all have not seen. The thousands of immigrantswho‟d be glad to fight for the Yankees for food and a few dollars, thefactories, the foundries, the shipyards, the iron and coal mines---all thethings we haven‟t got. Why, all we have is cotton and slaves and arrogance.They‟d lick us in a mouth.‟... …I mean,‟he answered, …whatNapoleon--perhaps you‟ve heard of him? ---remarked once, "God is on theside of the strongest battalion!" 3He put forward the distance of the south and the north. He told that he had seen the north development and the achievement that their produce. He knew it, but these stupid southern people never paid attention on. They take grant for that they are superior to those northern man. Their wealth earth and slaves are the best things to show their property and power. Rhett attempted to persuade them to recognizing tocontemporary circumstance, but they thought that he looked down upon their abilities. Rhett was an informed one, and he saw many new and fashion things. He had a prediction on the Civil War. Dale Carnegie wrote “Show respect for the other person‟s opinions. Never say, you are wrong.”4but Rhett didn‟t in this way, and people thought that he was contempt them. So his way of statement was wrong.Outside the Bible, these six words are the most famous in all the literature of the world. They were spoken by Hamlet when he was thinking aloud, and they are the most famous words in Shakespeare because Hamlet was speaking not only for himself but also for every thinking man and woman. To be or not to be, to live or not to live, to live richly and abundantly and eagerly, or to live dully and meanly and scarcely5. Rhett had the feeling whether or not present the war after it break out. On the moment he saved Scarlett and Melanie, as a southern man, he had joined the fight. He said to Scarlett that the war was getting end and I would join to save a few people. Indeed, he had down this, as he was Charleston born.B. Friendliness and KindnessFriendliness, a familiar word, is a key in Rhett‟s characteristic. This golden quality is demonstrated in the following three aspects.1. Friendliness to MelanieMelanie Wilkes is Ashley‟s wife and cousin, her character is that of the genuinely humble, serene and gracious Southern woman. As the story unfolds, Melanie becomes progressively physically weaker, first by childbirth, then the effects of war, and ultimately illness. She had her own unique inner spirit of perseverance, as did Scarlett. Melanie unwaveringly loved Ashley and Scarlett, and dutifully supported the Confederate cause, revealing the naivety of her character. She is a traditional woman. Rhett respects her and treat her friendlily. As a bad fame man, he shouldachieve the traditional kind woman Melanie‟s approbation. With her recognition, he would be accepted by the others. Rhett had met many women, but he treated Melanie as a friend, even more a sister. He just would like to help her, whose thought was everyone is kind of goodness.When Scarlett heart that Rhett was back, and he was monitored in the hotel. Scarlett wanted to get some money from Rhett invest her Tara for survive, but there were some unpleasant conversation: Rhett angrily asked Scarlett, “I was wonder what Mrs. Wilkes thinks? She‟s so good and wonderful that she can‟t imagine what the two of you are really thinking.”5 Rhett have a highly respects for Melanie. When he talked to Melanie, he offered his manners and gentlemanship. Rhett‟s friendliness was embodied at here. And then he was one of Melanie‟s trusted friends.Though there is much to be concerned about, there is far, far more for which to be thankful. Thoug h life‟s goodness can at times be overshadowed, it is never outweighed.Rhett seldom accounted for his action for someone. But he did it to Melanie. As was hit by a black northern man, Ashley and Frank protected Scarlett‟s honor by killing this man. In the fight, Frank was died and Ashley was shot. To save Ashley, Rhett and the doctor cheated the northern polices, and told the police that they went to the whorehouse, disguising Ashley getting drunk. After the police gone, Rhett explained to Melanie, “sorry! I just have these friends the Belle Watling –A brothel madam and prostitute; Rhett is her friend. She is portrayed as a kind-hearted country woman and a loyal confederate.to be witness.” Then the exasperated Melanie took a tumble, and she could understand what had happened.For every single act that is senselessly destructive, there are thousands more small, quiet acts of love, kindness and compassion. For every person who seeks to hurt, there are many, many more that devote their lives to helping and to healing.2.Kindness to MammyMammy was Scarle tt‟s nurse from birth; a slave who raised Scarlett‟s Mother and belonged to her Scarlett‟s Grandmother before. S he cited by Rhett as "the real head of the household." She is the equivalent of the matriarch of the family, has a no-nonsense attitude and is outspoken and opinionated although she knows how to express herself in ways that cannot be faulted, and must be heard. She knows Scarlett often better than anyone else and won‟t be fooled or put off where othe rs can be managed easily. She is extremely loyal to the O‟Haras, especially Scarlett, whom she cares for like a daughter.As a black slave, Rhett never looked down on her, and he never order Mammy do this or that, his mood is sound and friendly. During the honey days with Scarlett, he asked something to Scarlett about their relation‟s presents, Scarlett said “Mammy wanted to have beautiful red one-piece dress. But she would not wear now.”Rhett disregard what Scarlett say, and bought a beautiful red one-piece dress to Mammy. Receiving this beautiful cloth, Mammy was so excited. The later, she dressed it inside the work cloth. When she pleased stood in the kitchen, she draw back the outside cloth to show to Rhett. He brought happy to old black lady.It is said that the days that make us happy make us wise.So as a friend, he brings the pleasant, he would be welcoming by the others. As a blue blood man, that he treated the Mammy‟s people like this proved his friendliness and goodness. So the bad fame of a gangster is slowly vanished by the time.The wisdom of which happiness makes possible lies in clear perception, not fogged by anxiety nor dimmed by despair and boredom, and without the blind spots caused by fear. What you have done would get a feedback, so Rhett get the friendly smile from her. The advance bad impression had gone.Active happiness---not mere satisfaction or contentment ---often comes suddenly, like an April shower or the unfolding of a bud. It is thinking about her or him in a happy or sorrow time. Rhett often praised her industrious, capable and experienced. He often encouraged them, and the worker would be happy. Happiness is like a pair of eyeglasses correcting his spiritual vision, and makes other people enjoy themselves in the whole life. He must be the happy transferor. The long vista is therefor the seeing, the ground at your feet, the world about you---people, thoughts, emotions, pressures---are now fitted into the larger scene. Everything assumes a fairer proportion. And here is the beginning of wisdom.3. Friendliness to AshleyAshley Wilkes the gallant Ashley married his cousin, Melanie, because she represented all that he loved and wanted in life, that is, the quiet and happy life of a Southern gentleman of the "Twelve Oaks" plantation. In that role, Ashley fulfilled what was expected of him as civil war drew near. He became a soldier for the Confederate cause though he personally would have freed the slaves his father owned after his father‟s death, or at least that is what he clai med. Although many of his friends and relations were killed in the Civil War, Ashley survived to see its brutal aftermath. Ashley was "the Perfect Knight" in the mind of Scarlett, even throughout her three marriages. She became obsessed with unobtainable Ashley, leaving her unable to love another.Again and again did Scarlett show her affection to Ashley, which made Rhett fill of jealousy. Rhett is friendly with Ashley as he did. Although he did not want to help Ashley, for Scarlett love him. But he had helped him.Rhett and Ashley are not merely different: they represent opposite ends of the masculinity continuum as our society defines it (Taylor called him “the king and the wimp”). They two were born with courage, and they both born without fears. But some of the fears were brought on by the Civil War, by what he had seen, by what he had suffered from to Ashley.The second enemy he faces is indecision. Indecision is the thief of opportunity and enterprise. It will steal your chances for a better future. Take a sword to this enemy. It was where they are different. Rhett was full of idea in his brain, but Ashley wasn‟t having these profitable views.Rhett was a friendly and brilliant man, as Ashley and Frank was heard thatScarlett was hit by the black northern man when she passed the lonely path; he knew they must take measure to save her honor to killing that man. So Rhett was hiding on near Ashley and Frank to secure them. And later he had helped Ashley hiding the north police seeking and asking. Through he put Ashley as love enemy, but he faced Ashley as a friend who he would care about. Just like the quote:“W ell, he‟s been lying to you, Scarlett. No one thought you should bedriving yourself around alone at night. It was certain that you would beattacked by someone. But you insisted on being independent, and Frankand Ashley felt that they had to protect your honor by killing this man. Ifthe northern police catch members of the Ku Klux Klan, they‟ll be sent toprison, or maybe even killed.” Rhett …“H ow do you know all this, Rhett?”Scarlett “I heard what had happened to you, so I knew that Frank andAshley would immediately try to find the man. I saw them leavingAshley‟s house at about 10 o‟clock. I had to find a horse to follow them. Iwas able to help Ashley defend him. We were fighting a group of blackmen, very strong. But we were able to defend ourselves and escape. But itwas too late for Frank. When I arrived, he was already dead. He was killedwith a knife.”6Rhett was trying to help Ashley and Frank, indeed he had saved Ashley. Let‟s never try to get even with our enemies, because if we do we will hurt ourselves far more than we hurt them. Let‟s do as General Eisehower does: let‟s never waste a minute thinking about people we don‟t like.7That Dale Carnegie say. This is how people threat their enemy, just don‟t think about it. Rhett was a man with a resource and friendliness. He never showed his argue at Ashley.C. Consciousness and ResponsibilityThree passions, simple but overwhelmingly strong, have governed Rhett‟s life: the search for success, unbearable pity for the suffering of mankind and the longing for love. These passions, like great winds, have blown him hither and thither, in a wayward course, over a deep ocean of anguish, reaching to the very verge of despair.1. Love for ScarlettScarlett O‟Hara –The protagonist of the novel, her Irish forthright blood always at variance with the French teachings of style from her mother. She marries Charles Hamilton, Frank Kennedy and Rhett Butler, all the time wishing she was married to Ashley Wilkes instead.Scarlett has her first encounter with the irrepressible Rhett Butler, the cynical, smart hero who eventually falls in love with her. The first cognition was in Twelve Oaks. Rhett looked quite old, at least thirty-five. He was a tall man and powerfully built. Scarlett thought she had never seen a man with such wide shoulders, so heavy with muscles, almost too heavy for gentility. When Scarlett eye caught Rhett, he smiled, showing animal-white teeth below a close-clipped black moustache. He was dark of face, swarthy as a pirate, and his eyes were as bold and black as any pirate‟s appraising a galleon to be scuttled or a maiden to be ravished. There was a cool recklessness in his face and a cynical humor in his mouth as he smiled at Scarlett, and Scarlett caught her breath. Scarlett felt that she should be insulted by such a look and was annoyed with herself because she did not feel insulted. She did not know who he could be, but there was undeniably a look of good blood in his dark face. It showed in the thin hawk nose over the full red lips, the high forehead and the wide-set eyes."Rhett Butler? The name had a familiar sound, somehow connected with something pleasantly scandalous …"8it was the first time Scarlett heart the name. Scarlett was curious about this name, but she did not pay more attention on it. Scarlett was an attracting woman in the party. Rhett paid attention on her. And then in thelibrary, their odd meeting let Rhett fall in love with her. Love often happens because of distance attraction. It just shows the human nature that people are more easily attracted by new and unfamiliar stimulant. Love gives naught but it self and takes naught but from itself. Love possesses not, nor would it be possessed, for love is sufficient unto love. It was there that Rhett met Scarlett and the romantic relation was starting.And in the library, the theatrical meeting implied something would happen between their:‘Sir, you should have made known your presence.‟...‘Sir,‟ she said, ‘you are no gentleman!‟‘An apt observation,‟he answered airily, ‘And you, Miss, are no lady.‟He seemed to find her very amusing, for he laughed softly again.‘No one can remain a lady after saying and doing what I have justoverheard. However, ladies have seldom held any charms for me. I knowwhat they are thinking, but they never have the courage or lack of breedingto say what they think. And that, in time, becomes a bore. But you, my dearMiss O‟Hara, are a girl of rare spirit, very admirable spirit, and I take offmy hat to you. I fail to understand what charms the elegant Mr. Wilkes canhold for a girl of your tempestuous nature. He should thank God on bendedknee for a girl with you---how did he put it? "Passions for living", butbeing a poor-spirited wretch---‟‘You are fit to wipe his boots!‟ She shouted in rage.‘And you were going to hate him all your life!‟ He sank down on the sofa and she heard him laughing.9Rhett is smitten with Scarlett, and she is clearly interested in him, but the real question is how long it will take for her to recognize the depth of her feelings. And the profiteer‟s figure made Scarlett get the same feeling like other gentlemen and ladies. Such an embarrassed meet and conversation implied there was something would。
The Analysis of Hester
The Analysis of HesterHester Prynne was a woman who committed adultery, which is representation of evil of human nature in Puritans’ eye, and cannot be accepted, by the puritans and the society at that time. Hester betrayed her husband and went against the principle of honesty according to Puritanism, so she must accept the severe penalty in the puritan society, wearing a scarlet letter “A”. At the least, they should have put the brand of a hot iron on Hester’s forehead.Personally, I want illustrate this heroine from following respects based her characteristics. Bravery and the spirit of resistance: Hester, the heroine in this book was repeatedly subjected to torture by being put into the prisoner, exposed to public and wore the scarlet letter. Her religious belief was shaken by humiliation day to day. Spontaneously, her consciousness of resistance was produced. So Hester performed very bravery when she faced to the humiliation. What I appreciated most was just her response to the punishment. Maybe that was tragedy because of her lover’s death, but I still rejoice to see such a stanch female stand in front of me.Faith and strong-hearted: According to doctrine at that time, she could be assoiled only under the condition of making it clear the name of the man who was in relation of adultery; otherwise, she would be bearing all the punishment of it. Dramatically, the man who was in charge of the interrogation is her lover. For the sake of the beloved one, she would like to swallow all the agony and insult, burying their love deeply in her heart instead of making any subtle gloom to him. The woman, strong-hearted and perseverant to love, though convicted by the governing authorities, remained pure and innocent, and consequently considered as the embodiment of truthfulness, benevolence, and beauty whose undertaking is the magisterial.Self-respect: Hester proudly carries on as she wears the scarlet letter, deciding to live according to the high standards she sets for herself rather than the low standards others have set for her. She takes responsibility for herself and establishes her own identity, winning the admiration of the townspeople in the end.Honesty: Hester openly acknowledges her sin, she explains to Dimmesdale that she has been honest in all things except in disclosing his part in her pregnancy. She could face the insult and the following difficulties.”“A lie is never good, even though death threaten on the other side!” She also explains to Chillingworth that, kept her word in carrying her husband’s secret identity, and she tells the minister the truth only after she is released from her pledge. This life of publicrepentance, although bitter and difficult, helps her retain her sanity while Dimmesdale seems to be losing himself.The pursuit of right and freedom: Hester moved people by her strong ideal of live and the nature of kindness. It is expressed that her pursuit of freedom through her struggle. Many people could not explain the “A” letter any more form the original meaning of this letter. In the opposite, “able” and “angel” become the new meaning to replace it. She gets a optimistic role by her self after her power in her characteristic among the people. Instead of being a symbol of scorn, Hester, and the letter A, according to the narrator, “because a type of something to be sorrowed over, and looked upon with awe, yet with reverence too.” The people of the community even come to Hester for comfort and counsel in times of troubles and sorrow because they trust her to offer unselfish advice toward the resolution of upsetting conflict. Thus , in the end, Hester becomes an important figure in preserving the peace and stability of the community.In the whole story, Hester generally kept silent, accepted the insult from adults to children in the puritan society. In fact, she showed extreme strength an courage to resist the bias of the Puritanism by her good deeds.。
第二册第7.8课后翻译答案
Unit71.他在尝试制订促进思考艺术的新计划时脑子里闪过了一个绝妙的主意。
A brilliant idea flashed into his mind while he was trying to formulate a new plan to promote the art of thinking.2.不管你怎么看他，都没有理由怀疑他是蓄意造成这一骇人故事的。
Regardless of what you may think of him, there is no reason to suspect him of bringing about this horrible accident deliberately.3.他转过身来正好看见玛丽在聚会中途悄悄离去，因而感到非常不安。
He turned round just in time to catch Mary sneaking off in the middle of the party, which greatly disturbed him.4.他那些尖刻的话使我想起了他对足球教练的强烈不满。
其实它们纯粹是来自偏见，并使他自己为大部分队友所疏远。
His sharp words reminded me of the strong resentment he feels toward his soccer coach. Actually they come from pure prejudice and most of his teammates shun him for it.5.现在整个书房归乔治独用了，他准备把沙发搬出去以腾出地方来放他的新书桌。
Now that George has the whole study to himself, he is going to move the sofa out to make room for his new desk.6.他对工作忽视太久了，别说一个星期，就是一个月也不可能赶完它。
钢铁是怎样炼成的中点题的话
钢铁是怎样炼成的中点题的话英文回答：How the Steel Was Tempered, a seminal work of socialist realism by Nikolai Ostrovsky, chronicles the arduous journey of a young revolutionary during the Russian Civil War. Its titular phrase, "kak zakalyalas stal," echoes the transformative power of adversity in forging unyielding character.The novel's protagonist, Pavel Korchagin, is a precocious and idealistic youth whose unwavering faith in the revolution sustains him through countless trials. As a Bolshevik commissar, he faces relentless hardship on the battlefields, enduring injury, imprisonment, and the loss of loved ones. Yet, amidst the horrors of war, his spirit remains unyielding.Ostrovsky's portrayal of Korchagin's resilience epitomizes the Marxist concept of "dialecticalmaterialism," which posits that the struggle against adversity propels social progress. Through Korchagin's experiences, the author illustrates how adversity can forge a revolutionary vanguard capable of transforming society.The novel's title, "How the Steel Was Tempered," encapsulates this process of transformation. The metaphor of steel, a strong and durable material, represents the revolutionary's character. The tempering process, involving heating and cooling the steel, symbolizes the challenges and hardships that forge an unbreakable spirit.In the crucible of the civil war, Korchagin's resolve is tested time and again. His physical and emotional wounds serve as the forge in which his mettle is tested. By enduring these trials, he emerges as a hardened revolutionary, unwavering in his commitment to the cause.Ostrovsky's work transcends the realm of mere fiction. It is a testament to the transformative power of adversity, a beacon of hope for those who struggle against oppression, and an enduring reminder of the indomitable spirit thatresides within us.中文回答：如何炼成钢，尼古拉·奥斯特洛夫斯基的社会主义现实主义代表作，讲述了一位年轻革命家在俄国内战中的艰苦历程。
The Characteristic of Rhett in Gone with the Wind
The Character of Rhett in Gone with the Wind英本082 9号姜丽华Abstract: Rhett is one of the heros in Gone with the Wind who is the third husband of the heroine Scarlett. His charcter is so impressed to us readers. He is not accepted by the sorthern country even his families because he is against the rule in northern society but he is the man who goes along with the history trend. At the same time, he loves the northern society and has done a lot to help the people in the sorth. He loves Scarlett for so long time and keeps helping her but he also shows his recreance in this love. Thus a thorough and comprehensive survey of the charcter of Rhett is needed. Key words: character, Rhett,1. IntraductionIn the novel Gone with the Wind, Rhett as the hero impresses us deeply because of his charecters. He goes against the tradition rule in south but offers his support to the war and his love to Scarlett is a tradagef.2. The characters of RhettHe is not satisfied with the situation in the south and always break it. His charcters are showed in many places and give us an eye enjoyment.2.1 The desperado in noblesRhett in born on a blue blood, and he has been studied in a famous military school. Because he do not like thetraditional rule, he broke it and has been driven out of the school. He is driven out of the family because he refused to marry the lady who has gone with him for a night. After all those, he is hated by others and has a bad reputation just like the description by the sister of Scarlett, Catheleen. And also, when the frist sight of Scarlett see him, “…looked quite old, at least thirty-five…he smiled, showing white teeth below a short black mustache. He had a dark face, with bold, black eyes. There was a reckless confidence in his face as he smiled at her. She feltthat she should be insulted by such a look and was annoyed that she did not feel insulted”(14) which we can find the frist sight of Rhett to Scarlett is very bad. While during the talk about the war, he shows his calm and wise. When others are still think that they, the sorth will win the war and be the winner, Rhett points out that the difference between the north and south that the advanced arms in north while just cutton, salver and arrogont in south and he also says the south will be defeated in one month. As a consequce, he is critized by all of others. From that we can taste his character of candour and humor.2.2 The contradiction in that timesRhett lives the background of the Civil War. On one side, he looked down the people who are arrogont while on the other side, he trys his best to help them during the war.He is very clear that the south will be defeated by the north because of the old traditional lord of the manor system. He also very certain the industrial system will take place of the old system. On that condition, Rhett takes risk carrying the resource and food to the south. What is more, Rhett neglects the help of Scarlett and joins the army of the south. Scarlett has thought “why has he gone? He, who hated the South and laughed at the fools who had gone to fight, was going to fight for a war they had already lost, went to fight and die. He need not have gone.he was safe, rich and comfortable. But he had gone, leaving her alone.” (102). He uses his action to show his love to the south. As well, through the war, he earns a lot of money and becomes a rich man. In the end of the story, he trys his best to make his daught Bonnie to be accepted by the upper-class which are distarned by himself. He hates them but wants his daught can be one of them. His contradiction makes him more distinctive.2.3 The tragedy in loveIn the story of Gone with the Wind, one of the most impressed to us is love, including the love that Scarlett to Ashley and the love that Rhett to Scarlett. Rhett just looks like the guarder of Scarlett. He fells into love to Scarlett at the first sight and do his best to protect her from harms. When Sarlett asks him for help in Altant, Rhettpoints the dagerous of going back to Tara, and offers her the horse and food. Even he is very clear that Sarlett only loves Ashley and never puts him on her mind, Rhett still acts the role of guarder. He has said to Scarlett “Scarlett, I do love you. I know you, Scarlett, because we are so much alike, both of us, selfish and determined. And, Scarlett, I’ve waited for any other woman, and I won’t wait any longer.”(100) which indicted that Rhett is also recreance, as he has no brave to seize Scarlett but just let her go. Those unclear love Rhett shows makes Scarlett unsafe about their marrage in the end. After the death of their daught Bonnie, Rhett has been depressed to their love while Scarlett realised that Rhett is the one she really loves. When Scarlett tells him “I’ve been so wrong, such a stupid fool. Oh, Rhett, I love you so, darling! I must have loved you for years and I was such a fool I didn’t know.”(330). While Rhett just answers “…but did it ever occur to you that love can wear out? Mine wore out long ago. Did it ever occur to you that I loved you as much as a man can love a woman? Loved you for years before I finally got you? During the war I’d fo away and try to forget you, but I coukdn’t and I always had to come back. After the war I risked arrest, just to come back and find you. I carred so much I believe I would have killed Frank Kennedy if he hadn’t died when he did. I loved you but I couldn’t let you know it…”(330). Rhett is the trage in love, achiving for love for so many years but giving up when the Scarlett loves him while he has no love to her any more.3. ConclusionIn brief, the character of Rhett is impressed us so deeply as his figure of desperado, contradiction and the tragedy. He is the represent of the men in that times who are the wanderer between the change of the times and the systems.Work citedMitchell, Margaret Gone with the Wind. [M]. 北京：航空工业出版社, 2007。
论文
摘要《傲慢与偏见》是19世纪英国著名小说家简·奥斯汀一部脍炙人口、经久不衰的作品，该书出版于1813年。
小说的故事情节简单、自然、通俗易懂，所描述的人物真实而生动。
简·奥斯丁是在18世纪后期女性自我意识渐渐觉醒的大背景下开始自己的文学创作的，是一位在男权社会里试图不断认识自我、寻找自我的女作家。
她的作品以独特的视角及审美方式体现了女性意识。
从奥斯丁对日常生活的细致描绘中，可以看出她对社会是极其关注的。
简·奥斯汀以其敏锐的女性视觉，将长期处于边缘和劣势地位的女性推进了人们的视野。
在《傲慢与偏见》中，作者塑造出形形色色的女性人物形象，突出表现了女主人公自尊自立、争取平等与自由的女性意识。
从而凸显了奥斯汀女性意识的觉醒。
关键词：傲慢与偏见；女性形象；女性意识IntroductionPride and Prejudice, probably the most popular of Jane Austen‟s finished novels, is also a love story which is humorous and deeply serious. The novel depends on love and marriage between the hero and the heroine. Pride and Prejudice in the surface is an observation of the marriage; however, in fact it is a complete and severe summarization about the feminine consciousness in early 19th century.In the western countries, the research on Pride and Prejudice has relatively formed the complete system, especially such as the expert David Samuel and the English critic David Naghan. They analyze the hero and heroine‟s characters and discuss Jane Austen‟s writing styles. H owever, in China the research attach importance to the heroine Elizabeth Bennet‟s character portrayed as well as the analysis of her characters, and discuss the essence of the marriage in Pride and Prejudice.Being different from the former research on Pride and Prejudice, this thesis bases on the writer‟s background and character‟s setting of the novel, intends to analyze the awakening of the female consciousness from different angles such as language, behavior, psychological depiction and marital viewpoint etc. On analyzing the feminine consciousness, this thesis is to obtain the idea of Jane Austen about woman rights. Especially, Elizabeth Bennet is the spokesman of Jane Austen and isalso her favorite character. Although this character image is not mainly the typical image for new woman right, it is this image from which Jane Austen points out the problem about women‟s treating of love and marriage.Consequently, on analyzing the feminine consciousness in the novel, this thesis is able to reveal this nove l‟s gist---love is the foundation of marriage and women should have the same rights as men.Ⅰ. Social BackgroundA. Jane Austen’s Life and BackgroundJane Austen, the feminist leader Mary Wollstoncraft‟s contemporary, a great woman writer in English literature, represented that women were playing an increasingly important part in daily life.1. Jane Austen’s Family and EducationThe seventh of eight children, and second of two girls, Jane Austen was born on December 16, 1775, in the village of Steventon, Hampshire, England. Austen‟s father, the Reverend George Austen, was an Anglican priest, who, despite being orphaned as a young child, had graduated from St. John‟s College, Oxford. Jane‟s mother, Cassandra Leigh Austen, was of higher social standing than George Austen, and only his education and prestige as a clergyman made the courtship possible. The Austen family‟s first home was the rectory of St. Nicolas‟s Church in Steventon. The reverend‟s income was meager for a family of ten, but the Austens‟ pre stige in the village was higher than income alone could dictate, and they lived comfortably. The children were especially dear to one another. Good family environment provided a good foundation for her learning, living and later writing.Jane Austen‟s onl y sister, Cassandra, was two years older than Jane and apparently always the central personage in her life. According to one family story, Mrs. Austen once declared that if Cassandra were to have her head chopped off, Jane would demand that privilege too. For all of Jane‟s life, Cassandra and she were roommates, confidantes, and companions. They seemed to have given one anothertotal acceptance, trust, sympathy, and affection. The two were rarely out of communication, and during brief periods of separation routinely exchanged long letters.The girls‟ formal education was sporadic. When Jane was seven she and Cassandra were sent, with their cousin Jane Cooper, to Oxford to study. As Jane cooper‟s mother died of disease, the girls remained at school for the n ext two years. Jane and Cassandra resumed their education at the Abbey School in reading. There was little emphasis on academics at the Abbey School. Instead, the girls learned etiquette and received training in the practical arts that were considered important to woman at the time, including sewing and embroidery. The girls were recalled from school in December of 1786, when the family could no longer afford their tuition. Their formal studies thus concluded, the girls returned to Steventon to begin their education in earnest. George Austen owned a considerable number of books, which he placed at his children‟s disposal. For the mo st part, the girls read fiction. Jane was steeped in English literature, including the works of William Shakespeare, John Milton, Alexander Pope, and Samuel Johnson. She also admired the poetry of William Cowper. Reading, and in particular the reading of current fiction, was both a social and political activity during Austen‟s era. While political commentary was never explicit in Austen‟s writing, her novels confront ed these issues, such as women‟s right to property, through the lives of her characters.Although reading was their primary form of education, the girls cultivated other talents. Jane learned to play piano. She also loved to dance. Cassandra took up drawing. Jane Austen was mostly tutored at home, and irregularly at school, but she received a broader education than many women of her time. This was a good basis for her later writing.2. Jane Austen’s Love and MarriageJane Austen wrote six novels in all her life, most of which describe marriage. But in author‟s whole life of 47 years, her marriage was completely a blank. She ever had sweet and bitter love story. The process connected closely with the author‟s writingPride and Prejudice. When she wrote the original work, the first impression of Pride and Prejudice, she was only 21 years old (the same age as her favorite heroine Elizabeth), fell in love with Thomas Lefroy. A young graduate of Trinity College, Dublin, Lefroy was in Steventon to visit relative who happened to be friends of the Austens. When Lefroy‟s aunt sensed her nephew‟s affection for Jane, she feared that marriage to the youngest daughter of a poor churchman might ruin his career in the law. She insisted that he leaved Steventon immediately, and thus put an end to Austen‟s first romance.In 1800, Austen‟s father suddenly resigned his position in the church and announced he was moving the family to the city of Bath in southwestern England. Austen was reported to have fainted when she received the news. Bath---built by the Romans as a spa around natural hot springs---had become a fashionable resort for the English gentry. Austen quickly recovered from the initial shock of the move, and, for a while at least, enjoyed the company of the family‟s new circle of social acquaintances. The following year Austen embarked on the second of her three ill-fated romances. While away from Bath on a vocation, Austen fell in love with a young churchman, who was expected would propose marriage to her. But the young man died suddenly for suffering disease. In 1802, she was 27 years old (the same age as Charlotte in the novel). She met an inheritor of a propertied manor who made proposal to her. After a long sleepless night, she refused him definitely on the second morning. When she was 33 in 1808, she almost married middle-aged clergyman but it had no result. The author rewrote Pride and Prejudice at her 35 years old and published the novel in1813. After the writer experienced all of these, she described four different marriages and marriage state from a mature woman‟s point of view; it showed her own ideal about marriage. Jane Austen remained unmarried until she died on July 18th, 1817 in Winchester, Hampshire, England.B. The Background of the Characters in the NovelThe story of Pride and Prejudice took place in the time of the Regency in Britain. At that time, Britain was at the period of transition from the earlier stage ofCapitalism to Capitalist Industrialization. Pride and Prejudice mainly told of the love story between a rich proud young man Darcy and the beautiful and intelligent Elizabeth Bennet, one of the daughters in Bennet‟s family. There were five daughters in the Bennet family. Since the family had no male heir, the daughters would lose their home and property to their cousin Mr. Collins when Mr. Bennet died. For this reason, this matter that how her daughters married the rich was to be Mrs. Bennet‟s great worry.Meanwhile, the novel depicted a society governed by a class system that imposed unwritten rules on who may marry or socialize with whom. Women in early 19th century country life cannot work, and the position allotted to women was to economically depend upon men. In Pride and Prejudice, Jane Austen relied on this social background in the position of a woman and used the new visual angle to observe the love and the marriage in that era. In the novel, Jane Austen mainly depicted four quite different marriages---Jane Bennet and Charles Bingley, Elizabeth Bennet and Fitzwilliam Darcy, Charlotte Lucas and Mr. Collins, Lydia Bennet and George Wickham. By depicting these four marriages, Jane Austen expressed her own attitude towards the marriage---marriage should be based on love but money. Ⅱ.The Embodiment of FeminismA. The Feminism Reflected on LanguageLanguage is an important window through which one can understand the culture and society of the people, because people‟s socio-cultural behaviors and attitudes as well as thoughts are reflected in their use of the language. The novel contains a large array of conversations between different characters; these conversations are in keeping with the style that prevailed in that period. It is a truth universally acknowledged that the beginning sentence: “It is a truth universally acknowledged, that a single man in possession of a good fortune must be in want of a wife.”①is an excellent irony. But it is a truth almost as universally ignored that it also reflected Jane Austen‟s feminism. While reading through the novel, it shows that the single men in possession of good fortune, Mr. Bingley, Mr. Darcy and Mr. Collins, were in want oftheir wives. Mr. Bingley married Miss Jane Bennet, Mr. Darcy married Miss Elizabeth Bennet and Mr. Collins, the laughing-stock of the novel, also succeeded in marrying Miss Charlotte Lucas. So it could not only regard the beginning sentence as an irony, it could be a truth. The truth is that woman, one half of the human being, is as important as man in the universe. Man must be in want of woman because woman has made and will make a great contribution to the peace of family and society. Austen believes that female is also very intelligent and quick-witted as male. Elizabeth Bennet is the spokesman of Jane Austen and is also her favorite character. She is not only beautiful, but also intelligent and quick-witted. Meanwhile, she has the acute observation and judgement as well as the rare independence for the era. The wisdom and ability also need be presented by language. Speeches should be held to the point, and the expression has to include a literary grace. Only those people who are full of internal self-cultivation can speak the charming words. The wisdom and ability on the speech is the intelligent characteristic that Austen advocates. Elizabeth‟s wisdom is mainly represented by her “wise words” in Pride and Prejudice. It is not difficult to see that from the brilliant controversy between Elizabeth and Darcy. In Chapter Ten, Darcy asks Elizabeth to dance a reel when Miss Bingley is playing a lively Scotch air.She smiled, but made no answer. He repeated the question, with some surprise ather silence.“O h!” said she, “I heard you before; but I could not immediately determine what tosay in reply. You wanted me, I know, to say …Yes,‟ that you might have the pleasureof despising my taste; but I always delight in overthrowing those kind of schemes,and cheating a person of their premeditated contempt, I have therefore made up mymind to tell you, that I do not want to dance a reel at all---and now despise me ifyou dare.”②This passage shows Elizabeth is quick-witted, sensible and something complacent. It can be said that Elizabeth‟ outstanding wit is in her language, which is in contrast to several characters‟: the words are unbearably vulgar as Mrs. Bennet‟s, as superfluous as Mr. Collins‟s, as senseless as Miss Bingley‟s and as poor as Miss De Bourgh‟s. Representing Austen, Elizabeth pokes sly fun at men. She really pokesfun at man‟s world, the things that men take for granted, and the kind of judgments that men make.Austen takes the ability and wisdom as the ladder for climbing up freedom. On the other hand, this is the value of women re-estimated by Austen. The male-centered culture system can not be completely destroyed by Austen‟s female consciousness of freedom. It also can not build the system of signs and words that mainly giving priority to female consciousness of freedom, but she sent out a female discourse, then the free awareness of women also would be open to publicity. This will accumulate into a strength rippled and permeate the human constant pursuit of freedom in the vast ocean, and play a great role in the society.B. The Feminism Reflected on BehaviorBy depicting the behaviors by the window, Jane Austen portrays the lifelike characters in Pride and Prejudice. Elizabeth Bennet is not only beautiful and intelligent, but also confident and independence. She makes diligent to receive education and increase insight. At that time, and contrary to the ladies, Elizabeth Bennet in Pride and Prejudice is a country girl with a more general knowledge of the image. Elizabeth‟s wisdom, courage and insight come from her knowledge learning. She prefers to read books rather than play cards for pastime. She thinks a lot of genuine ability and learning, and constantly educate by herself. She attaches more importance to knowledge than arts. She sings …by no means capital‟ ③; she doesn‟t play the piano well just because she …would not take the trouble of practicing‟, but not that her fingers are not …as capable as any other woman‟s of superior execution‟. ④She considers that women should do much reading and gain in insight.Austen is against women‟s absolute obedience, one of the so-called traditional women‟s virtues. Elizabeth is a typical character who is bold enough to challenge the feudal authority. At every turn Elizabeth displays the latter trait: she walks several miles alone to visit her sick sister Jane at Netherfield; she declines Mr. Collins‟ marriage offer despite her mother‟s outrage; she angrily rejects Darcy‟scondescending proposal. She is almost as free in expressing her opinions, as for instance when she is undaunted by Lady Catherine de Bourgh‟s insolent wealth and display. Her sparkling and teasing wit bring on Lady Catherine de Bourgh‟s disapproval. When the imperious and despotic Lady Catherine dishonors Elizabeth to force her to give up Darcy, Elizabeth diametrically refutes her. According to conservative ideas, it is inconceivable to allow the younger sisters out before the elder are married. But Elizabeth‟s sisters are in and out the gaming occasion at the same time. She thinks that it is a rigor thing that the society wouldn‟t allow her younger sister‟s social activity. Elizabeth is independent, rebellious, and fearless to power and influence. Moreover, Elizabeth is good at reflection and self-analysis. She is proud of her ingenuity and prejudiced against Darcy at the beginning, as she gradually comes to recognize the nobility of Darcy‟s character, she realizes the error of her initial prejudice against him. This growth in self-knowledge is at the same time a moral growth, she can take the measure of the reality around and in her because she has uncluttered her perception by an honest self-security. To analyses such behaviors of Elizabeth, it shows that she is the image of woman who possesses independent self-consciousness.C. The Feminism Reflected on Psychological DepictionThe portrayal of women‟s inner world and emotion in Pride and Prejudice by Austen made people refocus on women‟s perspective to understand their daily life. In the novel, Austen exercise manifold forms to represent the rich inner world of Elizabeth. So readers can not only realize the heroine from the way she speaks and what she does, but also understand the central figure from its inherent thoughts and feelings. Elizabeth is good at consideration and self-analysis; it is her self-discovery that helps her shed the prejudice and begins to be completely honest with herself. She has her own judgment about the two men. However, such independent and cognitive ability is very valuable at the social background, which women‟s dependence is very strong. Elizabeth will take the initiative to accept the information and make a correctjudgment. This is the most dynamic performance of the main s ense of women‟s independent consciousness. It is shown in her changing relationship with the two men on the turning point.The union of Elizabeth and Darcy is fist affected by means of a letter from Darcy, written after her rejection of his first and condescending proposal. Then she learns not only the truth about Darcy‟s financial dealing with Wickham but also the story of how Wickham attempted to seduce Darcy‟s sister. At that time, …Astonishment, apprehension, and even horror, oppressed her.‟⑤On rereading and reflection she feels ashamed of misjudging both men, realizing that …she had been blind, partial, prejudiced, absurd.‟⑥Elizabeth has a monologue of her inner self-anatomy. This time, Elizabeth attains self-knowledge---“Till this moment I never truly knew myself”⑦She faced up to the unpalatable truth about herself, and determined to change. It also shows that Elizabeth processes of completion from cognizing others to self-examination, consequently establishing the subjective consciousness.D. The Feminism Reflected on Marital ViewpointMarriage is the embodiment of women‟s value and the end-result in ancient and modern societies. In Pride and Prejudice, there are various marriages, Jane and Bingley, Darcy and Elizabeth, Wickham and Lydia, Mr. Collins and Charlotte Lucas, etc. Charlotte and Lydia stood for two extremes, the former one was in pursuit of “pleasantest preservative from want”, while the latter one was entirely out of pure sex impulse and ignored the consequence at all. Pride and Prejudice also described people‟s different pursuit and ideas about marriage. It is worthy of noticing that in the novel, the writer put the marriage problem into the relation of society and economy to exam and made the story take root in the soul of real life.With sharp eyes, Jane Austen, by describing four different marriages expressed her viewpoint that love is the base for marriage and social status and property are not the first but also the second. At the center stands, Darcy and Elizabeth whose struggle leads to a reconciliation of personal and social claims. Elizabeth pursued marriagebasing on love, equality and respect. Far to one side of them stand Collins and Charlotte, who demonstrates a complete yielding to social claims. Charlotte married with Mr. Collins for a comfortable home, but it is ridiculous that it is who brings Charlotte property, yet it is without seeing Mr. Collins that Charlotte feels comfortable. Elizabeth declines Mr. Collins‟ marriage offer despite her mother‟s outrage. While Charlotte holds chance and agrees to marry with Mr. Collins. Elizabeth and Charlotte do not have high social status. But both of them hope to change their fate through marriage. Elizabeth‟s marriage reflects the romantic---love, equality and respect. Charlotte‟s marriage reflects the reality---the importance of money, rank and descent in marriage.Austen puts forwards her view of happy marriage. Man and woman have the freedom and right in the choice of their partners. Elizabeth‟s intention is to rem ain true to her best self by being guided by her heart and by her good sense. In choosing, or rather accepting a husband. She will remain true to her feelings and her considerable intelligence. While Charlotte‟s intention is to have a comfortable home, she has to marry with Mr. Collins. Her behavior is a type of traditional women. Elizabeth‟s marriage embodies the power of female consciousness of perfect marriage. She is the new-style woman at that time. It shows that women‟s rebellious awareness in traditional marriage. The heroine works hard to stick up for her rights, which has a important realistic meaning in women‟s liberty afterward.Ⅲ. Awakening of FeminismA. Women’s Low Social StatusExperienced the Industrial Revolution and long Napoleonic War, Austen wrote at a time of transition of the British class system. As more and more people in commerce became wealthy, division in the higher social ranks became increasingly irregular and uncertain. The hereditary aristocracy was being joined by new capitalist wealth, creating a powerful stratum atop the class hierarchy. Yet, though class divisions were being eroded between the aristocracy and the upper middle class, and between the latter, the lesser landed gentry, and people in business, the working class was stillregarded as social inferior.1. Women’s EducationIn the traditional education of young ladies, manners and accomplishments took first place. For women of the‘genteel’classes the goal of non-domestic education was thus often the acquisition of ‘accomplishment’, such as the ability to draw, sing, play music, or speak modern (i.e. non- classical) language, generally French and Italian. Though it was not usually stated with such open cynicism, the purpose of such accomplishment was often only to attract a husband; so that these skills then tended to be neglected after marriage. This was not to say, by any means, that all women were ignorant; only that, since there was no requirement for academic education for women, and very little opportunity for women to use such knowledge, so that for women were sent to public school though they were as adventurous and as imaginative to see the world as their brothers were.At that time, writing, reading, and thinking were not only alien but also inimical to female characteristics. And a father from the highest motives did not wish his daughter to leave home and become writer, painter or scholar. Mr. Oscar Browning, a great figure in Cambridge at one time said that the best woman was intellectually the inferior of the worst man. Even if her father did not read out loud these opinions, any girls could read them for herself; and the told profound upon her work. There would always have been that assertion---you can not do this, you are incapable of doing that ---to protest against, to overcome.2. Women’s Position in FamilyIn Jane Austen‟s time, there was no real way for young women of the‘genteel’classes to strike out on their own or be independent. Profession, the universities, politics, etc. were not open to women. Therefore most‘genteel’women could not get money except by marrying for it or inheriting it, and since the eldest son generally inherited the bulk of an estate, as the‘heir’, a woman could only really be a‘heiress’if she had no brothers. Unmarried women had to live with their families or with family-approved protectors---it was almost unheard of for a genteel young andnever-married female to live by herself, even if she happened to be an heiress.Marriage was pretty much the only way of ever getting out from under the parental roof---unless , of course, her family could not support her, in which case she could face the unpleasant necessity of going to live with employers as a …dependant‟governess or teacher, or hired …lady‟s companion‟. A woman with no relations or employer was in danger of slipping off the scale of gentility altogether. And in general, becoming an …old maid‟ was not considered a desirable fate. So when Charlotte Lucas, at age 27, marries Mr. Collins, her brothers were …relieved from their apprehension of Charlotte‟s dying an old maid‟⑧. And Lydia says, “Jane will be quite an old maid soon, I declare. She is almost three and twenty! Lord, how ashamed I should be of not being married before three and twenty!”⑨. Given all this, some women were willing to marry just because marriage was the only way. All this had more point because Jane Austen her self was relatively …portion less‟, which apparently prevented one early mutual attraction from becoming anything serious, and once turned down a proposal of marriage from a fairly prosperous man. In addition to all these reasons why the woman herself might wish to be married, there could also be family pressure on her to be married. When a woman got married to a man, out of her choice, she and her money were legally in her husband‟s power, without any of the limitations of pre-nuptial legal …settlements‟, which the wife‟s family might have insisted upon if she had married with their approval. The dependence upon man in economy resulted in a woman‟s lack of her own will, and woman felt constrained in the family.B. The Awakening of FeminismSince the appearance of the first English woman writer, Aphra Behn, in the eighteenth century, more and more women have taken up the pen to write. The novel is the most popular. It is well acknowledged that feminist writing can not be a synonym for women‟s writing. Feminism is an alignment of political interests, which some women‟s writers may adopt and others not. Feminist literature, generally, is the literature which female writer displays the contents by revealing feminism andsexuality in her work. In the late eighteenth century, the middle-class women began to write. Fanny Burney‟s sentimental novels and Mrs. Radcliffe‟s Gothic ones filled the readers with tears and thrills. Not until the publication of a work in 1792 did the first feminist writer appear in England in Vindication of the Right of Woman, Mary Wollstonecraft advocates women‟s individual rights. The work has been regarded as the feminist classics so far.It can be said that English feminism emerged in the eighteenth century and developed in the nineteenth century.Feminism has undergone three waves: First wave feminism wants to include women in humanity, second wave feminism stresses the sexual difference of women, rejecting the notion of a general humanity, third wave feminism looks at how the difference between men and women is constructed and performed. First wave feminism stresses equality, rights, liberation and emancipation, insisting that sexual identity is inessential or secondary to our humanity. In eighteenth and nineteenth- century novels women emerge both as authors and autonomous characters, from Moll Flanders(Defoe) and Pride and Prejudice(Austen) to Middlemarch(Eliot). And first wave feminist literary criticism looks at women writers, women characters and women‟s self-development.Pride and Prejudice is an enduring popular novel published in1813 by Jane Austen, which is Austen‟s most poplar and perhaps her greatest novel. The novel appears in at least twenty-five language and has adapted for screen. As the pioneering woman behind such popular classics, Austen delivers her feminist view by insisting on the equality of intelligence and sense, education, and love and marriage between sexes in Pride and Prejudice. She points out definitely that woman and man are equal in all aspects of life, because both of them are human beings. Austen is the great woman writer who really changes female characters into leading role in her works. In Pride and Prejudice, She changes women‟s inferior position of being observed in male works by presenting her heroine Elizabeth, with acute observation and judgment, for the first time as active speaking subject. Austen has broken away from the myth of perfect heroine in traditional man-dominated literature, thus Elizabeth id exhibited。
a nrrow fellow in the grass分析
Perhaps the speaker is thinking of the venomous bite of the snake, or of the mysterious habits of the snake. Often a creature associated with fear, and at times, evil, the snake has a curious place in history. We might say that “A Narrow Fellow in the Grass” is an exploration of fear, using the creature of the snake as a catalyst for that fear. This poem shows fear to be a complex emotion — an emotion that exists in balance with comfort, as is suggested by the characterization the fearful snake as a “fellow.”
What makes Dickinson’s poetic technique interesting is that she avoids words we would normally associate with snakes, such as “slither,” “scaly,” “slide,” “coil,” or the traditional descriptions of snakes as evil, demonic, or Satan-like. She chooses instead unlikely images, calling the snake a “fellow” who “rides” instead of slithers, who “wrinkles” away. She makes the reader conscious of language and forces him or her to imld not intuitively imagine it. In this way, she calls into question what reality is, and how much appearance plays a part in what we imagine to be real.
Analysis of Scarlett's Character《斯嘉丽人物性格分析》
Analysis of Scarlett's Character(In the Movie Gone With the Wind)Scarlett is a character of distinct personality.As for my opinion about her,I am in great contradiction.On one hand,I admire her beauty,as well as her toughness and strong will.On the other hand,I hate her vanity,greed,cruelty and selfishness.To begin with,Iwould like to say why I like her. I still remember the scene when several men were sitting beside her,laughing and chatting. As a daughter of a rich family,she tented to have the ability to attatch admirers by her cham.But all the happiness disappeared at the moment the war came,she suffered a lot:Her husband died and she became a young widow. When the town was nearlly occupied by the Y ankees,she didn't leave at once,but helped Melly give birth to the baby,though she had no experence about this. On her way to Tara,she caught a cow for the infant feeding. Finally,she overcame all the difficulties and went back home,but she has never thought a bigger challenge was waiting for her:mother died,father was ill. What 's worse,they had no food to eat,no clothes to wear. In suchcircumstances,Scarlett said:''As God is my witness,as God is my witness,they are not going to lick me.'' Then she lifted the burden of the whole family. Even,to defend the property,she killed a robber with a gun. Later,she married again just to pay for the tax of Tara. In the end,her third husband Rhett decided to leave her. She felt sad but never be desperate. Just as she said:''Tomorrow is another day.''From a series of unfortunate experience,we can draw a conclusion that Scarlett has got a kind of toughness and her strong will helped her deal with pressure of life. But these good qualities are not powerful enough to make her survive in the war times. In fact we can't ignore the importance of bad ones.First,let's come to her vanity .She was proud of her beauty. In the ball,she used many methods to attract Ashley's eyes;when she asked Rhett for help to pay the tax of Tara,she lied that she lived a good life. Rhett found her tricks soon, she got angry and left without hesitation. Moreover,Scarlett was greed for money. Her second husband is rich,but she started a lumber business instead ofstaying at home as a rich lady. Also she had greed for Ashley. She was a married woman,but she always wanted to keep Ashley near her. She said to Ashley:''I've counted on you to help me start a lumber business, Ashley and,I counted on you.''This can indicate that she is selfish. No matter Ashley was hapopy or not, she hoped that he could say yes to her. When she married Rhett and got more love from this generation. She was not satisfied,either. She didn't forget Ashley until Rhett was really hurt and went away. In the last place,Scarlett was a woman of cruelty and selfishness. Such characters were seen clearly in her second marriage. Her husband was the lover of her sister. To earn more money in lumber business,she used prisoners and paid no attention to their lives.In summary, speaking at Scarlett,I am more admired. Even though she has some bad qualities that we can't accept in modern times,but we must admit that they are necessary for a woman to live in such society. As is seen to me,it's not right to judge Scarlett at a level of morality. After all,survial is the kingly way in turbulent times.。
anrrowfellowinthegrass分析
anrrowfellowinthegrass分析A Narrow Fellow in the grassThemesAppearances and Reality“A Narrow Fellow in the Grass” is built around the contrast between what appears to be and what is. Dickinson wrote several “riddle” type poems, where she uses an extended metaphor to compare her subject to something, without coming right out and telling the reader what she is describing. Each stanza offers “clues” in the form of imagery, vivid word pictures such as the “spotted shaft” that divides the grass “as a comb.”Dickinson describes her object — in this case a snake — by hinting at what it resembles. The speaker falsely recognizes the object, taking it for something else. There is a split between what it appears to be and what it actually is. This theme of appearances versus reality comes through most strongly in the fourth stanza. The speaker is recalling time spent walking through the grass barefoot. The speaker — a young boy — spots the snake in the grass, but perceives it to be the lash of a whip: “I more than once at Noon / Have passed, I thought, a Whip lash / Unbraiding in the Sun.” But just as the speaker reaches down to grab the Whip, he discovers it to be a snake, which slithers away: “It wrinkled, and was gone.”What makes Dickinson’s poetic technique interesting is that she avoids words we would normally associate with snakes, such as “slither,” “scaly,” “slide,” “coil,” or the traditional descriptions of snakes as evil, demonic, or Satan-like. She chooses instead unlikely images, calling the snake a “fellow” who “rides” instead of slithers, who “wrinkles” away. She makes the reader conscious of language and forces him or her to imagine something in a way that one would not intuitively imagine it. In this way, she calls into question what reality is, and how much appearance plays a part in what we imagine to be real.Fear“A Narrow Fellow in the Grass” starts out with an image that seems to evoke the opposite of fear. The “fellow” in the first line hardly seems fearful, especially since the word “fellow” evokes a feeling of familiarity and a sense of ease. By calling the snake a “fellow,” Dickinson almost gives it a personality. It seems far from the imposing, fearful creature the snake has traditionally been thought to embody.As the poem proceeds, the imagery continues to paint a picture of the snake as a harmless creature, one of “nature’s people,”with whom the speaker is well-acquainted. The snake is again called a “fellow” in the final stanza, but this time, the context is different. The speaker is revealing his fear of the snake. Meeting this creature, this “narrow fellow,” either “attended or alone”causes “tighter breathing.” It causes the speaker to feel “zero at the bone,” or to be chilled to the bone. The final stanza describes an irrational fear. Literary critic Barbara Seib Ingold explains: “Irrational fears arise from what we do not understand; it is the many things one does not understand about a snake that add to one’s fear of snakes.”Perhaps the speaker is thinking of the venomous bite of the snake, or of the mysterious habits of the snake. Often a creature associated with fear, and at times, evil, the snake has a curious place in history. We might say that “A Narrow Fellow in the Grass” is an exploration of fear, using the creature of the snake as a catalyst for that fear. This poem shows fear to be a complex emotion — an emotion that exists in balance with comfort, as is suggested by the characterization the fearful snake as a “fellow.”StyleDickinson constructed the great majority of her poems around the short stanza forms and poetic rhyme schemes of familiar nursery rhymes and Protestant hymns. “A Narrow Fellow in the Grass,” for instance, is written in six quatrains, or stanzas of four lines each, rhyming only in the second and fourth lines. Most, but not all, of the rhythms are iambic, meaning the poem has regularly recurring two-syllable segments, or feet, in which the first syllable is unstressed and the second syllable is stressed. The first two quatrains of the poem are laid out in the hymn meter called common meter, alternately eight and six syllables to the line. But Dickinson narrows the pattern thereafter to sevens and sixes, alternately seven and six syllables to the line.Dickinson made many deviations from the conventional exact rhyme used by her poet contemporaries. “Alone/bone” in the final stanza is this poem’s single exact rhyme, with similar sounds in the stressed vowels and in subsequent vowels and consonants, but not in the consonants immediately preceding the stressed vowels. “Me/cordiality” in stanza five is a vowel rhyme, and the other end rhymes are half rhymes, also called imperfect rhymes, off rhymes or slant rhymes, as in “rides/is”where the rhyming vowels are followed by different consonants, or in “seen/on” and “sun/gone” where the stressed vowels are different, but followed by identical consonants.Dickinson often used alliteration and other repeated vowel and consonant sounds within lines and across lines and stanzas as alternatives to formal rhyme. In this poem, for example, the repetition of the sound “s” suggests the slithering of a snake. Alliteration is used effectively in “Attended or alone” and “breathing/bone” in the final stanza. Note, too, the echoing consonant and vowel sounds in stanza three’s “A floor too cool for corn,” and the prevalence of the long “o” sound in the concluding stanza underscoring the word “zero.”Poem SummaryLines 1 – 4In the opening quatrain, Dickinson cleverly disguises the subject of the poem, a snake. This creature sounds harmless enough as it is introduced in line one. The term “narrow Fellow” is a nice use of colloquial language, “narrow,” meaning small in width as compared to length,and “fellow” being a familiar term for a man or a boy, with an undertone that suggests commonness. The choice of the word “rides” is also interesting because it sounds like “glides” and “writhes” but gives the impression that the snake is being carried, or that it is floating along. In addition, the word can also mean torment, harass, or tease, and this definition fits the snake’s reputation as a sly tempter. The speaker goes on to ask readers if they, too, have ever encountered snakes, noting that these “narrow fellows” always seem to take people by surprise.Lines 5 – 8This second quatrain vividly describes the way a snake moves through tall grass. In line one, the grass is compared to hair and the snake to a comb moving through it. In line two, only part of the snake is seen, “a spotted shaft.” The snake is long, slender, and marked with spots, and it is quickly glimpsed as it passes at the speaker’s feet. After the flash of snake, the grass closes up and then is “combed” apart again as the snake moves on. There is something invisible, or ghost-like, in the way the snake slithers along, for the creature is mostly unseen but evidently there.Lines 9 – 12The snake likes “boggy,” or wet and marshy, land. Corn grows best in hot, dry soil, so the snake’s favorite environment is not suitable for growing corn. The speaker goes on to reminisce about one of many childhood encounters with a snake during a morning walk. The speaker’s detail about being barefooted is particularly provocative, for the thought of a snake slithering across one’s naked extremities would make most people cringe.Lines 13 – 16In these lines, the speaker continues the description of the childhood encounter. While walking along, the speaker sees something that appears to be a “Whip lash,” or flexible part of a whip, “un-braiding,” or coming apart. The lash of a whip is often made of braided pieces of leather, so the speaker might have thought that the Whip lash was disintegrating because it had sat so long in the harsh sunlight. The speaker recalls being well deceived by the snake. The speaker bends over the supposed “Whip lash” in order to pick it up, when it is suddenly metamorphosed in to a living creature that “wrinkled,” or crumpled and folded, and then slithered away. Oddly enough, a colloquial definition of the noun form of “wrinkle” is “a clever trick.” In a sense, the speaker was tricked by the snake, for it was not what it appeared to be.Lines 17 – 20In this quatrain, the poem’s speaker claims to be familiar with some of “Nature’s People,” or animals, and they with the speaker. The speaker seems to feel a real closeness to these creatures, referring to this connection as a “transport,” or strong emotion, “of cordiality,” or of warm friendliness.Lines 21 – 24The snake appears to be the one exception to the opinion described in quatrain five. Every encounter with a snake, whether a shared or solitary experience, is a moment of shock and fear. “Tighter breathing” refers to an attack of panic, in which the heart races and breathing becomes strained. Most people who have ever been startled can relate to the sensations of this description. The final line contains a brilliant metaphor, for the term “Zero at the Bone”describes both bone-chilling terror and absolute nothingness. This final quatrain strongly suggests that the snake, who iscasually referred to as a harmless, “narrow Fellow” in the first quatrain, might possibly be a manifestation of deception. The speaker, who loves all creatures, cannot love this treacherous trickster, the snake in the grass.the snake (for that is obviously what this poem is about) is a phallic image with a history extending back to Adam and Eve. And once you read the poem with THAT in mind ... it suddenly makes alot of sense. Try it, people, and I dare you not to blush.And I love the tone of the speaker when mentioning said 'snake' - laced with an intriguing combination of disgust, fear, and curiosity. I mean, come on ... 'spotted' and 'wrinkled'? That cracks me up. And the 'Zero at the Bone' line ... wow.So anyway, I am not going to say more about the poem. But please reread it ... and this time, think PHALLIC, people!。
英美文学教程笔记
English LiteratureChapter OneEnglish Literature in the Middle Age (5th -15th )Main points:I. Background information of the Anglo-Saxon period.II. Literary characteristics of the Anglo-Saxon period.III. Background information of the Anglo-Norman period.IV. Literary characteristics of the Anglo-Norman period.V. Important literary works and men of letters of the Anglo-Norman period.VI. Geoffrey ChaucerI . Background information of the Anglo-Saxon periodThe period can be roughly divided into two stages: the Anglo-Saxon period and the Anglo-Norman period.1.The making of the nation.1.1 The inhabitants of the nationThe native Celts凯尔特人(they inhabit in what is now Ireland, Wales and Scotland )------- the Roman Conquest ( this conquest was led by Julius Caesar in 55B.C., which lasted 4 centuries, but it made little influence on the nation’s literature )------- the Anglo-Saxon Conquest in about 449 by three Teutonic tribes 条顿部落--- the Anglos, the Saxons, the Jutes.The Anglo-Saxons were Christianized in the 7th century, which influenced the literature intwo aspects: one is the great number of Christian poetry which forms an important part of English literature of this period; the other is Christian color in pagan works, for the monks recorded the oral literature with their Christian ideas. (The ideas usually do not go with the content of the whole being.)1.2 The languageIn the 7th, the three tribes mixed into a whole people called English and the language spoken by them is generally called Anglo-Saxon, that is the Old English.II. Literary characteristics of the Anglo-Saxon period.The main literary form of the period is poetry and there are two groups: pagan poetry and religious poetry, and often Christian one.The most important works left is Beowulf《贝奥武甫》or《贝尔武夫》The introduction to BeowulfIt is the earliest complete epic in English literature and it is regarded as the national epic of the English people.----- Definition of epic or national epic 史诗: it is a poetic account of the deeds of oneor more great heroes, or of a nation’s past history. ----- 3182 lines, two parts with an interpolation between the two.----- The theme of the poem: Beowulf is one of the nation’s heroes of the English people.With the descriptions of his heroic deeds, the song reflects events taking place on the Scandinavian peninsula at the beginning of the 7th century.----- The significance of the poem: The story represents 1) the fight of the ancient people against beasts and natural forces ( e.g. flood, volcano ); 2) it reflects thefeatures of tribal society of ancient time; 3)Beowulf’s deeds presents the ideal virtues of ancient Anglo-Saxons.( courage, prowess, devotion to his people )----- Characteristics of the poem: an alliterative verse头韵体诗歌; pagan in spirit andmatter, yet with visible Christian marks.III. Background information of the Anglo-Norman period.3.1 The Norman ConquestThe beginning of the Anglo-Norman period is marked by the Norman Conquest in 1066. The influences of the conquest on the English society are: 1) the nation turned from the tribal society to the feudal society; 2) the conquest brought for the nation French civilization and the French language.3.2 The languageAt first, French was the language of the upper class or the oppressor and Old English was the language of the oppressed. Then Old English was combined with French to form a new language ---- Middle EnglishIV. Literary characteristics of the Anglo-Norman periodThe main literary forms of the period are poetry and prose.( romance in the form ofprose )Literary characteristics------ 中古英诗呈现法国诗风与英格兰本土传统交融的情景。
悲伤与坚定并存--解读《聚会》中的创伤与救赎
The Coexistence of Sorrow with Dauntlessness：On Analysis of Trauma and Redemption in The
Gathering
作者： 郝新颖
作者机构： 南京航空航天大学外国语学院,南京210000
出版物刊名： 成都师范学院学报
页码： 67-70页
年卷期： 2014年 第8期
主题词：�聚会》;安·恩莱特;创伤;救赎;个体创伤;集体创伤;心理创伤;文化创伤
摘要：安·恩莱特在《聚会》中将最伤痛的故事用最美的语言书写了出来，彰显出这个家族
悲伤与坚定并存的一面。
从揭露海格迪家族三代人的过去与现在入手，分析小说中个人创伤和
集体创伤的书写，以及三代人为治愈创伤所进行的救赎，以此显示这个命运多舛的家族在侵蚀
中最终实现了悲伤与坚定并存的平衡。
MariRuti,TheSingularityofBeingLacanandthe
Mari Ruti, The Singularity of Being: Lacan and the Immortal Within (Fordham University Press, 2012)I usually feel a twinge of embarrassment when academics refer to their work as‘interventions,’ mainly because the stakes seem so small compared to other situations where the term is evoked. However, Mari Ruti’s The Singularity of Being: Lacan and the Immortal Within is indeed worthy of the term ‘intervention,’ not only because of the strength of her argument, but because her accessible language and pragmatic approach suggest a new kind of psychoanalytic cultural studies.My understanding of Ruti’s project is that she intends to show how the difficult discourse of Jacques Lacan can be made useful to an audience beyond Lacanian scholars, and she also wants to rescue certain concepts from the nihilistic connotations attributed to them by prominent ‘post-Lacanians’such as Slavoj Žižek, Alain Badiou, and Lee Edelman. In her endeavor, Ruti employs Lacanian theory to describe the many ways that people use the singularity of their being to shape the discourse of the Other into more inspiring and satisfying forms. The result is a quite ambitious pairing of singularity with personal and social transformation, and this pairing opens interesting avenues of study for both particular works of art and the social function of art itself.Ruti splits the book into two sections that function as steps in her argument. In the first half, she analyses the ethics of the act in relation to the concept of singularity and proposes a rejuvenating act that contrasts with the destructive act in Žižek and the restrictive fidelity to the truth-event in Badiou. Ruti’s understanding of singularity comes from the Lacanian real, particularly as theorised by the late Lacan of the sinthome. Using Lacan’s three orders as a guide, Ruti explains that ‘one might say that subjectivity, for Lacan, is aligned with the symbolic, personality with the imaginary, and singularity with the real’ (1). To embrace singularity is thus to work productively with the diverse ways in which the real impinges on the ordinary structures of the symbolic and the incapacitating cultural fantasies of the imaginary. Thus, Ruti draws on aspects of the real such as jouissance, the drive, and the Thing to flesh out how singularity weakens the hold of the discourse of the Other so that we are able to experience new intensities of being. While not minimising the frightening aspects of jouissance, Ruti shows how jouissance frees us from the numbing regularity of the symbolic, and instead of lamenting our dependence on language and our alienation within the Other’s discourse, Ruti suggests that we consider ways in which the failures of the symbolic, often caused by the ‘too muchness’ of the drive, enable ‘an exhilarated sense of liberation and self-expansion.’Ruti presents a brilliant reading of the Lacanian dictum from Seminar VII to ‘not cede’on one’s desire, where Lacan stated that ‘the only thing of which one can be guilty of is having given ground relative to one’s desire’ (50). Ruti differentiates between the commitment to sustain desire and the commitment to follow desire to its destructive end, and her reading helps to counter the emphasis placed on ‘subjective destitution’ by scholars such as Žižek and Edelman. For Edelman the ‘sinthomosexual’ gains ethical legitimacy by accepting ‘its figural status as resistance to the viability of the social’ (63) while Žižek repeatedly argues that the ethical act in its purest form is the achievement of ‘suicidal ecstasy’. In contrast, Ruti conceptualis es not giving ground on one’s desire as negotiating between the symbolic and the real in order to nurture desire. She explains thatBook reviews: The Singularity of Being: Lacan and the Immortal Within by Mari Ruti. Tom Ratekin. Transnational Literature Vol. 5 no. 2, May 2013.Book reviews: The Singularity of Being: Lacan and the Immortal Within by Mari Ruti. Tom Ratekin. Transnational Literature Vol. 5 no. 2, May 2013.2 Not ceding on one’s desire could be interpreted to mean that one should resist the temptation to completely close the space between the void and the ‘name ’ that aims to encapsulate this void; it could be said to imply that desire should remain partiallyunfulfilled, that some share of desire should always persist as desire rather thanbecome completely overtaken by the jouissance of the act. (101)Thus not ceding on one’s desire entails accepting a certain indeterminateness andvulnerability; it means avoiding both the rigidity of social norms and the abandonment of the social in favor of the void. Ruti’s emphasis on maintaining the ambivalence of desire presents a very persuasive reading of this problematic aspect of Lacanian ethics.In the second half of the book Ruti focuses on Lacan’s theory of sublimation and uses it to present singularity as an alternative process of social change to the destructive or suicidal act. At the heart of Ruti’s linking of the singular and the social is an emphasis on the ways in which we incorporate the real into our everyday lives. Because the Other is full of gaps and inconsistencies, we do not need to repudiate it. We need only make use of those gaps in order to refashion meaning according to our own desires:Although being compelled to participate in a common symbolic system on the one level deprives us of autonomy, on another level it offers us the opportunity of carving out a singular place within that system, of claiming language for our own purposes. (123)Thus singularity is the source of imaginative possibility that engages us in the life despite its inherent disappointments.Ruti presents singularity, which she also describes as embracing the ‘dignity of the Thing ’, as an alternative to the imaginary lures of capitalist culture. The imaginary fantasy substitutes a socially approved desire for the singular desire of the Thing. The refreshing aspect of Ruti’s argument is her acknowledgement that the Thing can only be graspedthrough culture; therefore, enjoyment of the material world is still possible. Ruti explains that Lacandoes not ask us to shun material things in favor of some sublime ideal that will never crystallize (or even in favor of a radical act that will detach us from the world). Quite the opposite, he intimates that the various things (objects and representations) of the world are how ‘real’ satisfaction makes its way into our lives . (146)The key is to differentiate desire motivated by the Thing from desire dictated by the bigOther. This raises an inherent problem within Lacanian ethics, which is the extreme difficulty of distinguishing the false lures of the imaginary from the echo of the Thing. Ruti is aware of this problem and addresses it directly, particularly in her discussion of the work of Badiou. Unfortunately, a simulacrum, false event, or social fantasy may provide the samerejuvenating energy as proximity to the Thing. It seems that Lacanian ethics leaves us still in need of a supplementary ethics, even if it is the injunction not to harm others. I see no persuasive evidence that an ethics of the Thing will never harm the social good.Ruti’s exploration of singularity has many implications for the study of art andcreativity. The benefit of the (destabilising) proximity to the real that she describes is that it allows us to transform the Other’s signifiers into something more ‘inspired ’, and thisBook reviews: The Singularity of Being: Lacan and the Immortal Within by Mari Ruti. Tom Ratekin. Transnational Literature Vol. 5 no. 2, May 2013.3 creativity appears in language, art, politics, and social and intellectual endeavours. Ruti’s work promotes a Lacanian aesthetics that reveals the particular blendings of the symbolic and the real, or the ways in which cultural context provides quilting points that allow us to communicate our singular passion to others. Singularity is, perhaps, what makes cross-cultural communication possible in that it evokes the ‘inscrutable intensity of being ’ (8) that transcends cultural norms. Ruti’s primary intervention is to imply that we can indeed invite the real into our lives and improve our ability to harness its energy. The writing and careful reading of literature is, to my mind, a paradigmatic exercise in the use of the symbolic to gain proximity to the real, a real that connects human beings in a more visceral way.Tom Ratekin。
TheRhetoricalPrecis
In her essay titled “I Am A Cripple,” Nancy Mairs defines herself as a “cripple” as opposed to the more accepted terms disabled or handicapped.
Rhetorical Analysis: The Rhetorical Précis
Rhetorical Analysis: The Rhetorical Précis
Gaughen AP Lang & Comp
rhetorical analysis
the rhetorical précis
foundation for an effective introduction
Rhetorical Analysis: The Rhetorical Précis
Gaughen AP Lang & Comp
what is a rhetorical précis?
Rhetorical Analysis: The Rhetorical Précis
Gaughen AP Lang & Comp
rhetorical précis: another arrangement
In her essay titled “I Am A Cripple,” Nancy Mairs takes the reader through her path of acceptance of her MS diagnosis by defining herself as a “cripple” as opposed to the more accepted terms disabled or handicapped. She writes in a sincere, yet often humorous tone for those unsure how to characterize or approach someone of her similar condition. She marries euphemism and clinical description, appealing simultaneously to our sense of humor and our sorrows, invoking a complex tone of recognition with hope.
Analysis of the Causes of Mary’s Marrage
Analysis of the Causes of Mary’sTragedy in The Grass Is SingingAbstract: “The Grass Is Singing” reflects the theme of an individual woman’s tragic fate. Mary, heroine in the novel, lives in Southern-Africa of the colonial system, which strangled normal human nature. Narrow sense of racial discrimination hampers her deep thinking about the relationship between society and herself. Distorted consciousness makes her unable to master her own destiny. This paper tends to analyze the reasons that cause the tragic fate of Mary——persecution of racial system, tragedy of mismatched marriage, and tragedy of character.Key words: tragedy, Mary, colonial system, marriage, character1.Introduction“The Grass Is Singing” is Doris Lessing’s first published nov el. In this book, Lessing tells the story of Mary and Dick Turner, a farmer husband, their life and struggles on their farm in South Africa, and also portrays the fragile and unstable state of the balance of forces between the whites and the blacks. The book closes with Mary’s death at the hand of her black servant Moses. In this book, the difficult suffering character Mary merits attention most, especially the reasons lying behind her tragic fate.2. Reasons cause Mary’s tragedyMary is a representative of sorrow in the times of disillusionment. Her life is destined to be a tragedy because of the social reality and her own distorted consciousness, namely, persecution of racial system, tragedy of mismatched marriage, and tragedy of her character.2.1 Persecution of racial systemThe word “race” is equivalent to “class” in meaning at that time in South Africa. In the novel, Mary is definitely the biggest sacrificial victim of the white colonialism and racial discrimination. She is a native white in South Africa, when facing the“nigger”, a strong sense of racial discrimination tending to make her into a mental state of hatred and hostility. “She was afraid of them, of course. Every woman in South Africa is brought up to be.”(61) “…and she hated more than anyth ing, with a violent physical repulsion, the heavy smell that came from them, a hot, sour animal smell”.(130) With the long thong looped round a wrist, she experiences a feeling of victory and pleasure of revenge. It is an evidence to show that she is a cruel master oppressing the Negro heartlessly.But the existence of her black servant Moses changes her life. “…that thick black neck with the lather frothing whitely on it, the powerful back stooping over the bucket, was like a goad to her”.(166) She gets b ack the passion for the opposite sex. Moses produces a kind of mysterious attraction that she finds irresistible. Although nearly forties, it is for the first time that Mary feels the happiness of being loved and the impulse to love. But this happiness is gained at the expense of the loss of reason. If her reason is aroused, then the affection will be the source of tragedy. In the society which has a clear distinction between black and white, white women are not allowed to have any relation with black men. The power of Moses stimulates Mary’s repressed sexual consciousness, but the result is terrible, for it violates the notions of race inherited from the white colonial group. Therefore, it is inevitable that she eventually suffers from mental breakdown and physical perish.“She felt as if she were in a dark tunnel, nearing something final, something she could not visualize, but which waited for her inexorably, inescapably”.(195) The distorted relationship and racial discrimination push Mary to the abyss to e xtricate herself. The racial dignity is ever-present in her. Her tragic fate is largely defined by the racial system.2.2 Tragedy of mismatched marriageMary’s decline to the dark tunnel finally, apart from the colonial factor, may be partly resulting from her mismatched marriage without love and sex. As to her, marriage indicates no free pursuing of true love, but surrendering to the invisible pressure from society.She is born in a poor white family. Her father earns low income and drinksheavily, “he wa s a little man, with dull ruffled hair, a baked-apple face”. (31)She had inherited from her mother an arid feminism. Her father embodies the image in her nightmare. Mary’s childhood is dark and depressed. Family distress, father’s incompetence, mother’s complains, and sibling’s early deaths all give Mary’s heart the shadow that is hard to get rid of. She is deprived of the credit and safe feeling that should be given to marriage, family and man. She is happy until she overhears some friends say that she will never marry. Under the pressure of society, she finds herself a man, Dick, who is a farmer ——a hard-working sensitive man with an intense love of his land, a stubborn pride ——but with a fatal weakness. So the truth is Mary steps into a life completely d ifferent from anything she has ever imagined, “possessed with the thought that her father, from his grave, had sent out his will and forced her back into the kind of life he had made her mother lead.”(56) “Their marriage was all wrong, and there was no rea l understanding between them”. (118) Dick marries for the purpose of dispelling loneliness but is not capable of taking the family responsibility. He concentrates all his energy on the farmland but with bad harvest. Mary never considers Dick as the right man to be a husband, but all she can do is to place her destiny in his hands.Actually, Mary’s life is the duplication of her mother’s, “…like an older, sardonic double of herself walking beside her, followed the course her upbringing made inevitable.” “Th e women who marry men like Dick learn sooner or later that there are two things they can do: they can drive themselves mad, tear themselves to pieces…or they can hold themselves tight and go bitter.” (99) In her marriage, there is loss of emotion, need of sex, and pressure from money, all these indicating the arrival of her tragedy.2.3 Tragedy of Mary’s characterTo some extent, neurotic Mary brings tragedy upon herself. She passively accepts everything that fate offers to her, choosing to stay away when facing difficulties. The arid feminism and an unlucky childhood lead a closed emotional world, which results in the eccentric and unsociable disposition. She leads a life without struggling, which obviously accounts for her tragic fate.Before marriage, Ma ry owns no real time and feeling. She just waits to be “took out”. In fact, “just as she seemed to have a hundred women friends, but no particular friend, so she had a hundred men.”(36) Even when she gets married, “she was hollow inside, empty, and into this emptiness would sweep from nowhere a vast panic, as if there were nothing in the world she could grasp hold of.”(43) Every time when confronted with the challenges in life, she will do nothing but stay at home expecting a miracle to happen. She blames D ick’s failure and incompetence, withdrawing from the farm but “not realizing that she was his failure.”(145) Mary immerses herself in the numbness and apathy instead of giving serious thoughts to the meaning of life, “taking it for granted that once transp lanted to a new place, things would settle themselves”.(146) What she is longing for? Where the future will lead to? These thinking are not reflected in her brain. “She continued to cry, but hopelessly for herself, though still from a forgiving distance.”(225) Besides, Mary involves in no social activity, but immuring herself in the isolation of the veldt. Her gaze confines in the room, which displays her closed inner space. Desperate loneliness makes her extreme fear, these two kinds of emotions like two h eavy millstones cracked Mary’s body and mind.With all those weaknesses in her character——passivity, escapism, pessimism, eccentricity, and loneliness, Mary lives a life withering with time and collapses completely in the end.3.ConclusionThe tragedy of Mary in the novel strikes people most. The colonial system is at the bottom of Mary’s tragic end. Also, other factors can be detected from the mismatched marriage and her own shortcomings. It is Doris Lessing’s big success to stimulate people to have critical thinking about the social problems reflect in the book.W oks CitedDoris Lessing. The Grass Is Singing, U.S.A.：A plume book，1978。
He is regarded as one of the founders of realism i
He is regarded as one of the founders of realism in world literature.Hamlet is the most performed play in the world.<The Merchant of Venice> to praise the friendship between Antonio and Bassanio, to idealize Portia a heroine of great beauty, wit and loyalty, to expose the insatiable greed and brutality (Shylock)<Hamlet> hesitate between fact and fiction, language and actionTo be, or not to be - to live on in this world or to die; to suffer or to take actionSoliloquy or monologue - fully reveal the inner conflict of the charactersA 14-line verse form usually having one of several conventional rhyme schemes.Rhyme:abab cdcd efef gg3 quatrains(3 four-line stanza )+ 1 couplet(2 lines)John Bunyan (1628-1688)班扬Puritan authorHis best known work, The Pilgrim's Progress天路历程a religious allegoryDaniel Defoe (1660-1731)English NovelRobinson Crusoe describes how Crusoe makes great efforts to overcome the hardships and difficulties he encounters on the island. . .Jonathan Swift (1667-1745)Gulliver’s Travels was a fierce attack on human foolishness and social evils.This novel tells separately about the voyages to Lilliput, to Brobdingnag，to Laputa，and the voyage to the country of the Houhnhnms.代表作是寓言小说《格列佛游记》Gulliver’s Travels, 1726），通过主人公格列佛四次航海，先后到小人国、大人国、飞岛国、慧骃国等地的历险，影射讽刺英国政治、法律、社会、党争和哲学。
双城记英文读后感范文【精选】-双城记英文读后感范文-双城记英文读后感
双城记英文读后感范文【精选】|双城记英文读后感范文|双城记英文读后感The complex hatred is hard to solve, the cruel revenge has made more hatreds, loves rebirth in the hell edge,but take the life as the price. As an outstanding writer,in Dickens's work,the language skill is essential.Each kind of rhetoric technique,like the analogy,the exaggeration,the contrast,the humorous,and the taunt are handled skillfully,and the artistry of the work is also delivered the peak. A tale of two cities has its difference with the general historical novel, its character and the main plot are all fictionalizes.With the broad real background of the French Revolution,the author take the fictional character Doctor Manette's experience as the main clue,interweaves the unjust charge, love and revenge three independences but also incident cross-correlation stories together,the plot is criss-crossed,and the clue is complex.The author use insert narrates,foreshadowing,upholstery and somany techniques,causes the structure integrity and strictness,the plot winding anxious and rich of theatrical nature,it displayed the remarkable artistic skill.the style A tale of two cities is solemnity and melancholy,fills indignantion,but lacks the humor of the early works.双城记英文读后感范文【二】A TALE OF TWO CITIESThe tale of two cities is a historical story, one of Dickens long fictions.The background to the novel is the revolution of France .It portrayed a brutal and bloody story , but it also contained love and friendship.In the novel, Dickens sarcastically described a typical cruel nobleman marquis of Evermonde . When he was young he and his brother stole a countrywoman by force and killed her family .What s worse , he used his power to imprison DrManette , a kind and honest man who knew all the things they had done and wanted to disclose their crimes . In order to hide their crimes. Marquis of Evermonde and his brother threw Doctor Manette into prison for 18 years . During these 18 years,Doctor Manette lost his freedom and suffer a great in spirit .I felt unthinkable that Marquis of Evermonde and his brother killed people just as easily as they killed chickens. They deprived other people s freedom as they liked and they thought it was normal and unremarkable. They had never realized that they had done something wrong or something improper. Because their nature was cruel and evil, like demons. There is an old saying which means: People who commit too many crimes will kill themselves. After all, there is justice in the world. The demons can t be rampant forever. Because the world will not forgive them. They will pay their lives for their crimes. Let s see the consequence of the Marquis, He lay there like a stone with a knife pushed into his heart. I think it was just what he ought to gain and it is a real exciting scene.The Marquis death was just the beginning of people s resistance to the nobleman. Gradually more and more people joined in the revolution. One after another nobleman were sentenced to death and their heads were cut down . However, some innocent people were implicated in the revolution. Charles Darney was one of them He was the nephew of Marquis of Evermonde. To the opposite of his uncle, Darney was a kind and independent young man.Dickens spoke highly of kindness mercy and love in the novel too. This is the other thone of the novel when Doctor Manette was released from prison. It was his daughter Lucie who took care of him and helped him return to normal. During this time, Dr manette and Lucie knew Charles Darney and Sydeny Carton, the two young man fell in love with Lucie at the same time . At last, Lucie married Chares Darney .Dr Manette accepted Darney as his son-in-law although he knew that Darney was the nephew of the man who threw him into prison for18 years. This is the love between father and daughter. And Sydeny Carton , the very great man ,loved Luciedeeply. He promised Lucie that he would do everything for her happiness. He did it truely ,he sacrificed himself instead of Darney who looked the same as him. This is love for lovers . This is the most wonderful thing in the world. It also reminds us that no matter how no matter when there is true love existing. At the end , Lucie, Dr Manette and Darney arrived in England safely.The tale of two cities is different from other historical fictions. Its characters and main plots are fictional under the real background of the revolution of France. The author made the experience of the fictional charactor Dr Manette as the main clue.The plots are complicated, and they are flexuous and dramatic. The structure is complete and rigorous.Dickens had dear love and hate. He praised those who ought to be praised and attacked those who ought to be attacked. The motivation of the novel maybe just warn the English dominators. But I think we can learn something meaningful from the tale of two cities.。
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- 252-校园英语 / 文艺鉴赏An Analysis of Rhett's Chivalry in the Gone with the Wind宁波大红鹰学院/钱振强【Abstract 】Chivalry is the moral standard of the knight nobles during the Middle Ages including bravery, generosity, devoutness, honesty, sapience, politeness, the supreme sense of honor and unselfish behaviour, especially by men towards women. The objective of this paper is to dig out and analyze the Rhett ’s chivalry. Rhett is a complex and contradictory character of unity. This thesis is written mainly from three stages of the war between the states. According to Gone with the wind written by Margaret Mitchel, this paper can dig out and analyzes Rhett's chivalry and helps readers to get a deeper understanding and mastery of Rhett.【Key words 】Rhett; chivalry;war between the states1. IntroductionGone with the Wind is one of the most popular American novels, which is written by American female writer Margaret Mitchell. When it was published, its sales broke many records among the publishing circles. The novel mainly describes the life of Scarlett who is the daughter of Tara' s master during the American Civil War. Meanwhile with the hint of a triangular love among Scarlett, Ashley and Rhett, the novel depicts a wide and prosperous picture of the social life of the South in America. Not only the rich content of the novel, but also the complex plots and the contradictions between the figures of the novel have an important artistic effect on shaping the characters in the novel. Among all the roles, Rhett is the most controversial one who is full of conflicting and complicated features. He is the coalition of contemptibility and nobility.This article analyzes and digs out Rhett ’s chivalry from three aspects: the first one is his wisdom before the Civil War, the second one is his contribution during the war, the last one is his kindness towards the people around him after the world. The analysis aims at showing the eternal charm of the image, Scarlctt in the novel.2. Literature ReviewIn Margaret Mitchell ’s description, it ’s easy to find that Rhett has plenty of the warm feelings under the hardhearted and stubborn appearance. He likes children, even the son of Scarlett ’s former husband. He does not discriminate against the person of minority race including black people. Rhett is a cynical person in the past, because he regardless of evil and hypocritical things from the world. In his eyes, there's no difference between evil and kind, profit is the most important. And he even wants to become a evil and hypocritical one so that he can enjoy an easy and relaxing life. When he meets Melanie and understands her,he is moved by her nice inclusive soul. She has a so great soul, tolerant to others, is adamant in face of the difficulties.Rhett was not afraid to do his own thinking and to use his own knowledge. He could separate facts from opinions and don ’t pretend to have all the answers. He listened to others and evaluated what they said, but came it to his own conclusionsIn his eyes, there's no difference between evil and kind, profit is the most important. And he even wants to become a evil and hypocritical one so that he can enjoy an easy and relaxing life. Although Rhett could admire and respect other people, he was not totally defined, demolished, bound, or awed by them. Then the brilliant thought would be hit him. Rhett was the winner, and what he had done is like this.It can have a conclusion that many scholars have focused on studying Rhett ’s experience, love stories and people around him, but the analysis of his chivalry is blank. This paper is going to focus on his behaviour to dig out his chivalry.3. The embodiment of Rhett's Chivalry before American Civil War3.1 Self-confidence Embodied in the Opinions of the War Rhett is a sapienbtial and honest man. Rhett was born in a family with a blue blood. But his strain was not familiar with the kind of the blue blood people. He refused to marry a girl who rid horse out with Rhett and spend a night. So he was banished from his family by his stern father. To some people, the storm in life is the disaster that leaves him nothing but the perpetual ruins. On the contrary, the Rhett see the storm as the turning point in life. He began his road which can be explored to success. Therefore, he became a winner.“They ’ve got plenty of soldiers,food and weapons. All we have here is cotton, slaves, and too much pride.”(Mitchell, 2005, p.118). Do not like those who indulge in bourgeois self-delusion, he spelled out the apparent corrupt practice of the South. From this paragraph, it is easy for readers to discover Rhett ’s chivalry —honesty and sapience.3.2 Revolt to the noble familyRhett is a brave and honest man.Actually, Rhett has the worst reputation at that time. He was forced to leave the West Point school because of some terrible situation with a gril. Rhett was asked to marry her but he refused because he hold that he hadn ’t done anything to her. Then he killed the gril ’s brother when Rhett fought with him.Rhett rehashed all the conventianal ideas about male and校园英语 / 文艺鉴赏female relationship and broke down traditional perceptions. He believed that it’s foolish for people to get marry just for staying out all night. Finally, he was thrown into the world without a penny by his father—an old gentleman with an iron will and a ramrod for a blackbone. Rather than give himself up as hopeless, Rhett accepted all the disaster and tried best to become a independent and competent man! It can be digged out that Rhett has chivalry.4. The embodiment of Rhett's Chivalry in the American Civil WarIn the millde of April, 1861. The air was filled with excitement. Ashley and Melanie’s wedding date had been set on the first day of May. When she discovered this, she decided to marry Charles on April 30 to make Ashley jealous. But within two months, Scarlett became a widow. Her husband, Charles had died of a fever while in camp.4.1 Contribution to the SouthIn the begining of the war, Rhett has been helping the South find supplies. South has not much medicine,clothing,and other things for their soldiers. Rhett tries his best to provide military supplies to the South.Although the quality of his goods became not as good, he would ignore the rumors and focus on what is real. He is patriotic and faithful.After resucing Scarlett and Melanie from Atlanta, which was a city of fire and smoke, Rhett left them to help the Southern soldiers fight. “The men are crazy right now—they might try to steal the carriage, because they think there is food inside. I’m leaving. Like I told you,I’m going to go and fight the last battle of the South.”(Mitchell,2005, p.274)From that, Rhett’s chivalry—bravery and faithfulness can be found.4.2 Compassion and unselfish behaviour to the Scarlett O’HaraRhett is a compassionate man. On one night,there is a large party that would raise money for the hospital and send money to the fighting soldiers.At the ball, Scarlett was eager to dance and laugh with the young men, but it would not be allowed because she was a widow!In fact, Rhett has a terrible name. However, Rhett preferred to ignore the rumors and helped Scarlett satisfy her dream of dancing.“She tried to act as if she did’n t care, but Rhett had seen the look in her eyes. Before she could say anything more, Rhett had taken her by the hand and guided her onto the dance floor!”(Mitchell,2005, p.216)From this paragraph, it is easy for readers to discover Rhett’s chivalry—compassion and unselfish behaviour, especially by men towards women.4.3 Kindness to MelanieFrom that time on,Christmas of 1863, the war began to get worse for the South. At the end of the war something terrible happened on one hobbile night, the Northern armies had reached the edge of Atlanta,and they were burning builings. Melanie was upstairs in the bed,crying out in pain. She was going to die,because she just had her baby and had lost too much blood. After knowing that, without thinking,he gently as he lifted her in his arms and put Melanie in the back of the carriage. Rhett was not afraid of anything or anyone, he just wanted to protect his friend, Melanie.5. The embodiment of Rhett's Chivalry after the American Civil War5.1 Assistance to Ashley and FrankRhett was a friendly and brilliant man, as Ashley and Frank was heard that Scarlett was hit by the black northern man when she passed the lonely path, he knew they must take measure to save her honor to killing that man.So Rhett was hiding on near Ashley and Frank to secure them. And later he had helped Ashley hiding the north police seeking and asking. Through he put Ashley as love enemy, but he faced Ashley as a friend who he would care about.“I was able to help Ashley defend himself.We were fighting a group of black men, very strong. But we were able to defend ourselves and escape. But it was too late for Frank. When I arrived,he was already dead.”(Mitchell,2005,p.345)From this paragraph, we can konw that though Rhett do not like Ashley, he is willing to help him sincerely. It is easy for readers to discover Rhett’s chivalry—generosity and devoutness.5.2 Kindness and love to WadeWade was the son of Charles,Scarlett’s first husband. Actually,Rhett had not been related by blood, morally speaking, Rhett should hate this boy. However,rather than hurt him, Rhett preferred to love him. Wade loved his monther, but he was rather afraid of her. Because Scarlett was angry with children when they were loud and she did not know how to tell stories and play with them. Rhett understood that Wade had never had a father and his monther did not pay much attention to him. Rhett became like a father to Wade.6. ConclusionThere is no doubt that Rhett has chivalry for his bravery,generosity, honesty, kindness and unselfish behaviour. Rhett is a being of very complicated contradictions. Some people believe that. Rhett is clever enough, but he's also something of an egomaniac. He smuggled weapons for money and became an rich man. Others deem that he was irresponsible, he refused to marry the gril who stayed out with him all night. However, we should wise enough to not be fooled by his bad behaviours.Rhett is a legendary gigurec with chivalry. He adheres to his principles no matter what happens .In the Gone with the Wind, Rhett helped- 253 -- 254-校园英语 / 文艺鉴赏美国清教文学传统探究上海电力学院外国语学院/张琦【摘要】清教思想和清教文学是美国文化和美国文学的重要组成部分，对美国文学的影响渊远流长。