培根英文简介-文档资料
弗朗西斯·培根
弗朗西斯·培根英国文艺复兴时期散作家、哲学家•添加义项•同义词•收藏•分享弗朗西斯·培根编辑词条快速导航•关系表中文名弗朗西斯·培根外文名Francis Bacon[4]国籍英国主要成就实验科学近代归纳法创始人教育背景英国牛津大学信仰新教安立甘宗性别男代表作品新工具、学术的进步、新大西岛、培根随笔[5]出生日期1561年1月22日逝世日期1626年4月9日身份唯物主义哲学家、思想家、科学家[6]爵位奥尔本斯子爵展开目录•1人物生平•人物简介•早年经历•政治生涯•2主要成就•思想贡献•哲学贡献•法学贡献•逻辑学贡献•归纳方法•科学态度•3主要作品•4人物名言•5人物评价•6相关影片•7词条图册1人物生平编辑人物简介弗朗西斯·培根弗朗西斯·培根是英国唯物主义哲学家、思想家和科学家，被马克思称为“英国唯物主义和整个现代实验科学的真正始祖”[7]。
生于贵族家庭，是掌玺大臣和大法官（王国最高法律官职）古拉斯·培根爵士的幼子。
后于1618也成为了大法官。
晚年脱离政治活动，专门从事科学和哲学研究。
[8]代表作是《论说文集》。
[9]他是新贵族的思想代表，反对君权神授和君权无限，主张限制王权；拥护清教主张改革，但反对革命。
他对中世纪的经院哲学，提出必须清除它给人们造成的错误认识和偏见（他称之为假相），以便给认识和科学扫清道路。
他继承了古代唯物主义传统，承认自然界是物质的，认为构成一切事物的最小单位是真正的分子，即事物的简单性质，它是有限的不变的。
千差万别的事物都是由它的不同排列和组合构成的。
运动是物质固有的最重要的特性，运动是有规律的，其形式是多样的。
他称事物运动的规律和规定性为形式。
科学的任务就是发现形式，从而获得行动上的自由，以便征服自然。
提出“知识就是力量”的口号。
[10]他提出唯物主义经验论的基本原则，认为感觉是认识的开端，它是完全可靠的，是一切知识的泉源。
关于培根的介绍
关于培根的介绍
Bacon, John (1740.11.24,英格兰伦敦～1799.8.4,伦敦)
英国新古典派雕刻家，曾使某些雕刻技巧臻於完善。
1754年在伦敦兰贝斯(Lambeth)一家瓷器厂当徒工，学徒期间曾改进人造石雕像的方法，后又使这一工艺达到完善地步。
1763年左右开始尝试用大理石雕刻，并改进了照模型雕刻大理石的方法，为此发明了一种比较完善的仪器，这种仪器比较精确，能准确衡量各个方向的尺寸，装在小罗盘内，既可用於模型，又可用於大理石。
1769年荣获皇家美术院为雕刻颁发的第一枚金质奖章，获奖作品是描绘埃涅阿斯(Aeneas)逃出特洛伊城的浅浮雕。
1770年展出战神雕像，荣获美术协会的金质奖章，并当选为皇家美术学院的非正式院士。
西敏寺中的一些纪念碑也是他的优秀作品。
培根英文介绍
shows the new empirical（经验主义的） attitudes toward truth about nature.
Section III
Theory
&Influence
Part1: philosophy
“the real father of English materialism and experimental sciences of modern times in general” --------Marx
Francis Bacon
(1561-1626 )
Outline of the lecture
His works
Bacon’s theory
Outline of the lecture
Section I: Introduction about Bacon’s life Section II: introduction about Bacon’s works Section III: introduction about Bacon’s theory and influence from 3 aspects part1: philosophy part2: Aesthetics part3: literature Section IV: play a video
Epistemology:认识 论
Empiricism经验
concerning Human Understanding (1690),is the
product of belief in experience as the exclusive basis of knowledge The first person to give Empiricism the systematic expression
弗兰西斯·培根的英语介绍(中英对照11Ps)
Introduction of Francis Bacon（中英对照）Excerpt of the Chapter VII of < A History of Western Philosophy>Written by BERTRAND RUSSELL, Audio file < 307 Francis Bacon > delivered by BiHui.摘自伯特兰·罗素所著《西方哲学史》第七章，音频文件< 307 Francis Bacon >已由必辉提供。
FRANCIS BACON (1561-1626), although his philosophy is in many ways unsatisfactory, has permanent importance as the founder of modern inductive method and the pioneer in the attempt at logical systematization of scientic procedure.He was a son of Sir Nicholas Bacon, Lord Keeper of the Great Seal, and his aunt was the wife of Sir William Cecil, afterwards Lord Burghley; he thus grew up in the atmosphere of state affairs.He entered Parliament at the age of twenty-three, and became adviser to Essex. None the less, when Essex fell from favour he helped in his prosecution. For this he has been severely blamed:Lytton Strachey, for example, in his Elizabeth and Essex, represents Bacon as a monster of treachery and ingratitude. This is quite unjust. He worked with Essex while Essex was loyal, but abandoned him when continued loyalty to him would have been treasonable; in this there was nothing that even the most rigid moralist of the age could condemn.In spite of his abandonment of Essex, he was never completely in favour during the lifetime of Queen Elizabeth. With James's accession, however, his prospects improved. In 1617 he acquired his father's office of Keeper of the Great Seal, and in 1618 he became Lord Chancellor. But after he had held this great position for only two years, he was prosecuted for accepting bribes from litigants. He admitted the truth of accusation, pleading only that presents never influenced his decision. As to that, any one may form his own opinion, since there can be no evidence as to the decisions that Bacon would have come to in other circumstances. He was condemned to a fine of £40,000, to imprisonment in the Tower during the king's pleasure, to perpetual banishment from court and inability to hold office. This sentence was only very partially executed. He was not forced to pay the fine, and he was kept in the Tower for only four days. But he was compelled to abandon public life, and to spend the remainder of his days in writing important books.The ethics of the legal profession, in those days, were somewhat lax. Almost every judge accepted presents, usually from both sides. Nowadays we think it atrocious for a judge to take bribes, but even more atrocious, after taking them, to decide against the givers of them. In those days, presents were a matter of course, and a judge showed his "virtue" by not being influenced by them. Bacon was condemned as an incident in a party squabble, not because he was exceptionally guilty. He was not a man of outstanding moral eminence, like his forerunner Sir Thomas More, but he was also not exceptionally wicked. Morally, he was an average man, no better and no worse than the bulk of his contemporaries.After five years spent in retirement, he died of a chill caught while experimenting on refrigeration by stuffing a chicken full of snow.Bacon's most important book, The Advancement of Learning, is in many waysremarkably modern. He is commonly regarded as the originator of the saying "Knowledge is power," and though he may have had predecessors who said the same thing, he said it with new emphasis. The whole basis of his philosophy was practical: to give mankind mastery over the forces of nature by means of scientific discoveries and inventions. He held that philosophy should be kept separate from theology, not intimately blended with it as in scholasticism. He accepted orthodox religion; he was not the man to quarrel with the government on such a matter. But while he thought that reason could show the existence of God, he regarded everything else in theology as known only by revelation. Indeed he held that the triumph of faith is greatest when to the unaided reason a dogma appears most absurd. Philosophy, however, should depend only upon reason. He was thus an advocate of the doctrine of "double truth," that of reason and that of revelation. This doctrine had been preached by certain Averroists in the thirteenth century, but had been condemned by the Church. The "triumph of faith" was, for the orthodox, a dangerous device. Bayle, in the late seventeenth century, made ironical use of it, setting forth at great length all that reason could say against some orthodox belief, and then concluding "so much the greater is the triumph of faith in nevertheless believing." How far Bacon's orthodoxy was sincere it is impossible to know.Bacon was the first of the long line of scientifically minded philosophers who have emphasized the importance of induction as opposed to deduction. Like most of his successors, he tried to find some better kind of induction than what is called "induction by simple enumeration." Induction by simple enumeration may be illustrated by a parable. There was once upon a time a census officer who had to record the names of all householders in a certain Welsh village. The first that he questioned was called William Williams; so were the second, third, fourth, . . . At last he said to himself: "This is tedious; evidently they are all called William Williams. I shall put them down so and take a holiday." But he was wrong; there was just one whose name was John Jones. This shows that we may go astray if we trust too implicitly in induction by simple enumeration.Bacon believed that he had a method by which induction could be made something better than this. He wished, for example, to discover the nature of heat, which he supposed (rightly) to consist of rapid irregular motions of the small parts of bodies. His method was to make lists of hot bodies, lists of cold bodies, and lists of bodies of varying degrees of heat. He hoped that these lists would show some characteristic always present in hot bodies and absent in cold bodies, and present in varying degrees in bodies of different degress of heat. By this method he expected to arrive at general laws, having, in the first instance, the lowest degree of generality. From a number of such laws he hoped to reach laws of the second degree of generality, and so on. A suggested law should be tested by being applied in new circumstances; if it worked in these circumstances it was to that extent confirmed. Some instances are specially valuable because they enable us to decide between two theories, each possible so far as previous observations are concerned; such instances are called "prerogative" instances.Bacon not only despised the syllogism, but undervalued mathematics, presumably as insufficiently experimental. He was virulently hostile to Aristotle, but thought very highly of Democritus.Although he did not deny that the course of nature exemplifies a Divine purpose, he objected to any admixture of teleological explanation in the actual investigation ofphenomena; everything, he held, should be explained as following necessarily from efficient causes.He valued his method as showing how to arrange the observational data upon which science must be based. We ought, he says, to be neither like spiders, which spin things out of their own insides, nor like ants, which merely collect, but like bees, which both collect and arrange. This is somewhat unfair to the ants, but it illustrates Bacon's meaning.One of the most famous parts of Bacon's philosophy is his enumeration of what he calls "idols," by which he means bad habits of mind that cause people to fall into error. Of these he enumerates five kinds. "Idols of the tribe" are those that are inherent in human nature; he mentions in particular the habit of expecting more order in natural phenomena than is actually to be found."Idols of the cave" are personal prejudices, characteristic of the particular investigator. "Idols of the market-place" are those that have to do with the tyranny of words and the difficulty of escaping from their influence over our minds. "Idols of the theatre" are those that have to do with received systems of thought; of these, naturally Aristotle and the scholastics afforded him the most noteworthy instances. Lastly there are "idols of the schools," which consist in thinking that some blind rule (such as the syllogism) can take the place of judgement in investigation.Although science was what interested Bacon, and although his general outlook was scientific, he missed most of what was being done in science in his day. He rejected the Copernican theory, which was excusable so far as Copernicus himself was concerned, since he did not advance any very solid arguments. But Bacon ought to have been convinced by Kepler, whose New Astronomy appeared in 1609. Bacon appears not to have known of the work of Vesalius, the pioneer of modern anatomy, or of Gilbert, whose work on magnetism brilliantly illustrated inductive method.Still more surprising, he seemed unconscious of the work of Harvey, although Harvey was his medical attendant. It is true that Harvey did not publish his discovery of the circulation of the blood until after Bacon's death, but one would have supposed that Bacon would have been aware of his researches. Harvey had no very high opinion of him, saying "he writes philosophy like a Lord Chancellor." No doubt Bacon could have done better if he had been less concerned with worldly success.Bacon's inductive method is faulty through insufficient emphasis on hypothesis. He hoped that mere orderly arrangement of data would make the right hypothesis obvious, but this is seldom the case. As a rule, the framing of hypotheses is the most difficult part of scientific work, and the part where great ability is indispensable. So far, no method has been found which would make it possible to invent hypotheses by rule. Usually some hypothesis is a necessary preliminary to the collection of facts, since the selection of facts demands some way of determining relevance. Without something of this kind, the mere multiplicity of facts is baffling.The part played by deduction in science is greater than Bacon supposed. Often, when a hypothesis has to be tested, there is a long deductive journey from the hypothesis to some consequence that can be tested by observation. Usually the deduction is mathematical, and in this respect Bacon underestimated the importance of mathematics in scientific investigation.The problem of induction by simple enumeration remains unsolved to this day. Bacon was quite right in rejecting simple enumeration where the details of scientific investigation are concerned, for in dealing with details we may assume general laws on the basis of which, so long as they are taken as valid, more or less cogent methods can be built up. John Stuart Mill framed four canons of inductive method, which can be usefully employed so long as the law of causality is assumed; but this law itself, he had to confess, is to be accepted solely on the basis of induction by simple enumeration. The thing that is achieved by the theoretical organization of science is the collection of all subordinate inductions into a few that are very comprehensive --perhaps only one. Such comprehensive inductions are confirmed by so many instances that it is thought legitimate to accept, as regards them, an induction by simple enumeration. This situation is profoundly unsatisfactory, but neither Bacon nor any of his successors have found a way out of it.第七章弗兰西斯·培根弗兰西斯·培根（Francis Bacon，1561-1626）是近代归纳法的创始人，又是给科学研究程序进行逻辑组织化的先驱，所以尽管他的哲学有许多地方欠圆满，他仍旧占有永久不倒的重要地位。
英国作家培根 Bacon
Of Marriage and Single Life
• To Marry or Not?
• Wives are young men's mistresses, companions for middle age, and old men's nurses. So as a man may have a quarrel to marry when he will. But yet he was reputed one of the wise men that made answer to the question when a man should marry: "A young man not yet, an elder man not at all". • It is often seen that bad husbands have very good wives; whether it be that it raiseth the price of their husband's kindness when it comes or that the wives take a pride in their patience. But this never fails if the bad husbands were of their own choosing, against their friends' consent; for then they will be sure to make good their own folly.
• Unlike other authors who were writing selfanalyzing autobiographies and meditations, Bacon was writing to inform, generally young men of his own station/class how to be more efficient, introducing and using the essay into the English language. • His style is very plain, and he tends to start his essays with a Latin quotation or classical anecdote.
英国文学讲稿4培根
3.2 literary works
Second group: Essays Apophthagmes New and Old (1605) The History of the Reign of Henry Ⅶ (1622) The New Atlantis (unfinished)《新大西岛》. The famous: Of Studies, Of Travel, Of Truth, and Of Wisdom. These essays cover a wide variety of subjects, such as love, truth, friendship, parents and children, beauty, studies, riches, youth and age, garden, death and many others.
a representative of the Renaissance in England, English philosopher and statesman, scientist and essayist., statesman, born in London, England, Jan 22, 1561 and died in London, April 9 1626. He lays the foundation for modern science with his insistence on scientific way of thinking and fresh observation rather than authority as a basis for obtaining knowledge.
3. Bacon's Works
弗朗西斯__培根英文赏析
The list of works
The philosophical works: Advancement of Learning《学术的推进》(1605) Novum Organum 《新工具论》（1620） New Atlantis 《新大西岛》(1624-1626) Literary works: Essays 《论说文集》(1597-1625) -- Includes "Adversity",
Features of Bacon’s essays
1. The language is very neat, pretty and weighty. 2. The sentences are very short. Bacon also likes to use more co-ordinate conjunctions than the subordinated ones, such as “as, since, because”. 3. Parallelism（并行论）, epigrams(警句), metaphor （隐喻） and simile 4. Bacon’s essays are famous for their brevity（简洁）, compactness（紧密） and powerfulness.
"Anger", "Athiesm", "Boldness", "Cunning", "Death", "Discourse", "Dissimulation and Simulation", "Empire", "Envy", "Goodness", "Great Place", "Honor and Reputation", "Love", "Nobility", "Revenge", "Seeming Wise", "Superstition", "Truth", "Unity in Religion", "Vicissitude of Things", and "Wisdom for a Man's Self".
弗朗西斯·培根——英国文艺复兴时期散文家
弗朗西斯·培根——英国文艺复兴时期散文家弗朗西斯·培根介绍中文名：弗朗西斯·培根外文名：Francis Bacon别名：弗兰西斯·培根国籍：英国民族：英格兰出生地：伦敦出生日期：1561年1月22日逝世日期：1626年4月9日职业：唯物主义哲学家、思想家、作家(散文家)信仰：新教安立甘宗代表作品：《新工具》、《学术的进步》、《新大西岛》《培根随笔》弗朗西斯·培根(Francis Bacon，1561一1626年)，第一代圣阿尔本子爵(1st Viscount St Alban)，英国文艺复兴时期散文家、哲学家。
英国唯物主义哲学家，实验科学的创始人，是近代归纳法的创始人，又是给科学研究程序进行逻辑组织化的先驱。
主要著作有《新工具》、《论科学的增进》以及《学术的伟大复兴》等。
培根12岁入剑桥大学，后担任女王特别法律顾问以及朝廷的首席检察官、掌玺大臣等。
晚年，受宫廷阴谋逐出宫廷，脱离政治生涯，专心从事学术研究和著述活动，写成了一批在近代文学思想史上具有重大影响的著作，其中最重要的一部是《伟大的复兴新工具论》。
另外，他以哲学家的眼光，思考了广泛的人生问题，写出了许多形式短小、风格活泼的随笔小品，集成《培根随笔》。
1626年3月底，培根由于身体孱弱，在实验中遭受风寒，支气管炎复发，病情恶化。
1626年4月9日清晨病逝。
人物生平弗朗西斯·培根，1561年1月22日出生于伦敦一个新贵族家庭。
记载培根幼年时期生活学习的文献不多。
培根幼时接受语言、圣经和神学教育后在1573年，年仅12岁的培根被送入剑桥大学三一学院深造，大学中的学习使他对传统观念和信仰产生了怀疑，开始独自思考社会和人生的真谛。
三年后，培根作为英国驻法大使的随员旅居法国巴黎。
短短两年半的时间里，他几乎走遍了整个法国，这使他接触到不少新的事物，汲取了许多新的思想，并且对其世界观的转变产生了极大的影响。
FrancisBacon
FrancisBaconFrancis Bacon弗兰西斯·培根（Francis Bacon，1561-1626）是与莎⼠⽐亚同时代的⼈，⽣于伦敦⼀个贵族家庭，⽗亲曾先后在亨利⼋世、伊丽莎⽩⼀世宫廷供职。
培根天赋极⾼，12岁便进⼊剑桥⼤学三⼀学院读书，23岁当上了下议院议员。
1620年培根晋封⼦爵，57岁时任⼤法官，三年后因受贿被捕⼊狱，褫夺⼀切公职，晚年致⼒于哲学著述和科学研究。
培根是现代科学的奠基⼈，马克思称他为“英国唯物主义及现代实验科学之⽗”。
《学术的推进》（Advancement of Learning, 1605）总结了前⼈的⼀切知识，并进⾏归类。
拉丁⽂著作《新⼯具》（New Instrument , 1620）阐述了归纳法。
培根学识渊博，阅历丰富，对社会⼈⽣和周围事物悉⼼观察，周密思考，写了很多短⼩隽永的随笔，题材涉及政治、⼈情、处世、经营、修⾝。
1597年他将10篇⽂章结集出版《论说⽂集》（Essays），1612年扩展为38篇，1625年增⾄58篇。
培根论说⽂中许多⾔简意赅、充满哲理的精辟语句已成为格⾔名句。
培根1561年出⽣于伦敦，是伊丽莎⽩⼥王⼿下⼀位⾼级政府官员的次⼦。
他⼗⼆岁进⼊剑桥⼤学三⼀学院，但是三年后中途辍学，未获得学位。
他从⼗六岁开始给英国驻巴黎⼤使当⼀个时期的官员。
但是当培根⼗⼋岁时，他的⽗亲猝死，未能给他留下什么钱财。
因此他开始攻读法律，⼆⼗⼀岁时找到⼀个律师的职业。
他的政治⽣涯就是在此后不久开始的。
⼆⼗三岁时他被选为下议院议员。
虽然他有⾼朋贵亲和显赫的才华，但是伊丽莎⽩⼥王拒绝委任他任何要职，或有利可图之职。
其理由之⼀是他在议会中果敢地反对⼥王坚决⽀持的某项税务法案。
他⽣活奢侈，挥霍⽆度，“借”债累累，⽆所顾忌。
（实际上他曾⼀次因⽋债⽽被捕）。
伊丽莎⽩⼥王于1603年去世，培根成为她的继承⼈詹姆斯⼀世国王的顾问。
虽然詹姆斯拒不采纳培根的劝告，但是他却赏识培根，在詹姆斯统治期间，培根在政府步步⾼升。
介绍培根的英文作文
介绍培根的英文作文Bacon, oh bacon! How can I describe the heavenly taste of this crispy, savory delight? It's like a party in my mouth, bursting with flavors that make my taste buds dance with joy. The sizzle of bacon in the pan is music to my ears, and the aroma that fills the air is simply irresistible. Bacon, you are the ultimate comfort food that brings me instant happiness.When I take that first bite of perfectly cooked bacon, it's a moment of pure bliss. The crunchiness of the edges combined with the juicy, tender meat is a texture sensation that is hard to beat. It's a symphony of textures in my mouth, with each bite offering a delightful combination of crispy and chewy.But it's not just the texture that makes bacon so amazing. The flavor is out of this world. The smoky, salty taste is like a flavor explosion that lingers on my tongue. It's a taste that is both familiar and comforting, yet alsoexciting and indulgent. Bacon adds a punch of flavor to any dish, whether it's a classic BLT sandwich or a decadent bacon-wrapped filet mignon.And let's not forget about the versatility of bacon.It's not just for breakfast anymore. Bacon can be added to almost anything to elevate the dish to a whole new level. From salads to soups, pasta to pizza, bacon can turn a simple meal into a culinary masterpiece. It's the secret ingredient that brings a touch of magic to any recipe.But bacon is not just about the taste and versatility. It also holds a special place in our hearts as a symbol of indulgence and comfort. It's the food that reminds us of lazy Sunday mornings, gathered around the breakfast table with loved ones. It's the guilty pleasure that we allow ourselves to indulge in every now and then, because life is too short to deny ourselves the simple pleasures.So, here's to bacon, the crispy, savory delight that brings instant happiness, tantalizes our taste buds, and adds a touch of magic to any dish. Whether it's forbreakfast, lunch, or dinner, bacon is always a good idea. It's the food that brings people together, sparks joy, and makes every meal a little more special. Bacon, you truly are a culinary superstar.。
(最新整理)弗朗西斯.培根(FrancisBacon)
2021/7/26
22
《论学习》的经典之论
Reading maketh a full man, conference a ready man, and writing an exact man.
读书使人充实，讨论使人机智，笔记使人准确。
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memory, poetry to man’s imagination and creation,
a20n21d/7/26philosophy to man’s reason.
6
B. Francis Bacon
b. 培根的主要作品及其内容：
Novum Organum is a successful treatise written
The second book is a survey of learning, which explains
its importance in scholarship. According Bacon, man’s
understanding consists of three parts: history to man’s
在人生中，妻子是青年时代的情人，中年时代的伴 暮年时代的守护。所以在人的一生中，只要有合 适的对象，任何时候 结婚都是有道理的。
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《论婚姻和单身》的经典之论
It is often seen that bad husbands have very good wives.
常可见到许多不出色的丈夫却有一位美丽的妻子。
His second group: his literary works
Essays, the most famous of them
弗兰西斯．培根简介
弗兰西斯．培根简介现代实验科学的始祖----弗兰西斯.培根（francis bacon,1561-1626）——英国著名的唯物主义哲学家和科学家。
他在文艺复兴时期的巨人中被尊称为哲学史和科学史上划时代的人物。
马克思称他是“英国唯物主义和整个现代实验科学的真正始祖。
”一.培根生平培根于1561年1月22日出生于伦敦一个官宦世家。
父亲尼古拉.培根是伊丽莎白女王的掌玺大臣，曾在剑桥大学攻读法律，他思想倾向进步，信奉英国国敦，反对教皇干涉英国内部事物。
母亲安尼是一位颇有名气的才女，她娴熟的掌握希腊文和拉丁文，是加尔文教派的信徒。
良好的家庭教育使培根成熟较早，各方面都表现出异乎寻常的才智。
12岁时，培根被送入剑桥大学三一学院深造。
在校学习期间，他对传统的观念和信仰产生了怀疑，开始独自思考社会和人生的真谛。
在剑桥大学学习三年后，培根作为英国驻法大使埃米阿斯.鲍莱爵士的随员来到了法国，在旅居巴黎两年半的时间里，他几乎走遍了整个法国，接触到不少的新鲜事物，汲取了许多新的思想，这对他的世界观的形成起到了很大的作用。
1579年，培根的父亲突然病逝，他要为培根准备日后赡养之资的计划破灭，培根的生活开始陷入贫困。
在回国奔父丧之后，培根住进了葛莱法学院，一面攻读法律，一面四处谋求职位。
1582年，他终于取得了律师资格，1584年当选为国会议员，1589年，成为法院出缺后的书记，然而这一职位竟长达20年之久没有出现空缺。
他四处奔波，却始没有得到任何职位。
此时，培根在思想上更为成熟了，他决心要把脱离实际，脱离自然的一切知识加以改革，把经验观察、事实依据、实践效果引入认识论。
这一伟大抱负是他的科学的“伟大复兴”的主要目标，是他为之奋斗一生的志向。
1602年，伊丽莎白去世，詹姆士一世继位。
由于培根曾力主苏格兰与英格兰的合并，受到詹姆士的大力赞赏。
培根因此平步青云，扶摇直上。
1602年受封为爵士，1604年被任命为詹姆士的顾问，1607年被任命为副检察长，1613年被委任为首席检察官，1616年被任命为枢密院顾问，1617年提升为掌玺大臣，1618年晋升为英格兰的大陆官，授封为维鲁兰男爵，1621年又授封为奥尔本斯子爵。
罗吉尔·培根
罗吉尔·培根Roger Bacon牛津大学自然历史博物馆中的罗吉尔·培根像别名Doctor Mirabilis 奇异博士出生约1214年萨默塞特郡伊尔彻斯特逝世1294年国籍英国职业修士、哲学家、炼金术士组织方济各会宗教信仰天主教会罗吉尔·培根（Roger Bacon，1214年－1294年），英国方济各会修士、哲学家、炼金术士。
他学识渊博，著作涉及当时所知的各门类知识，并对阿拉伯世界的科学进展十分熟悉。
提倡经验主义，主张通过实验获得知识。
生平[编辑]罗吉尔·培根生于英国萨默塞特郡伊尔彻斯特的伊尔彻斯特修道院。
具体的出生时间已无法确定，唯一相关的记载是他在1267年的著作中说“从我第一次接触字母表，至今已历40年”，而他在13岁进入牛津大学读书是确定的，于是研究者假设他在进入牛津之前不认识字母表，从而推定他的出生时间是1213或1214年。
如果他进入牛津之前已经识字，那他的出生时间应该是1220年年以后[1]。
培根的家境比较富裕，但是在亨利三世在位期间，家里的很多财产被掠夺，一些家庭成员被流放。
培根在牛津大学就读时可能曾师从罗伯特·格罗斯泰斯特，后在牛津大学讲授亚里斯多德的思想。
没有证据证明他拿到了博士学位，他的“万能博士”的称号是死后才有的。
1237-1245年之间他曾前往欧洲学术研究中心之一法国巴黎大学任教。
1247年他回到了牛津大学，购买了很多书籍和仪器，谢绝社会和学术活动，开始自己的研究。
大约1256年他成为方济各会修士，从此失去教职。
1260年更是受到方济各会的禁令，要求他不能随便出版书籍[1]:13-17。
培根受到的科学教育和他自己的研究使他看到了当时学术争论的很多缺陷：没有教师懂得希腊文，使得他们仅仅通过低劣的翻译来了解亚里士多德的思想。
物理学并不像亚里士多德提倡的通过实验来研究，而是对典籍进行争论。
目睹这一切的培根反对这种空洞的争论，提倡实验的重要性，并且出于他直率的个性，他到处宣扬他认为正确的方法，猛烈抨击他所不同意的，这给他带来了很多的麻烦。
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5.At 23, entered the House of Commons as an M.P.Meantime, wrote papers on public affairs and addressed some of his writings
Of Beauty
Beauty is as summer fruits, which are easy to corrupt, and can not last; and for the most part it makes a dissolute youth, and an age a little out of countenance; but yeat certainly again, if it light well, it makes virtue shine, and vices blush. 美者犹如夏日蔬果，易腐难存；要之，年 少而美者常无形，年长而美者不免面有愧 色。但若是美落在人身上得当的话，则德 行因美而益彰，恶性见美而愈愧。
Comments on Bacon and his works
• Imaginative powers of literary creation
• English materialist philosophy
• Bacon’s chief contribution
Thank you!
谢谢！
9.On 9 April 1626, died of pneumonia（肺 炎）
Philosophy
•Bacon's Utopia:
New Atlantis
•Baconian method:Bacon concluded
Works
• New Instrument
• Essays
Pictures
Mottos by Bacon
Of Studies
Histories make men wise; poets witty; the mathematics subtle;natural philosophy deep; moral grave' logical and rhetoric able to contend. 读史使人明智， 读诗使人灵慧，数学使人缜密 ，物理使人深刻，伦理学使人庄重， 逻辑学则 使人善辩。
Francis Bacon
1561-1Байду номын сангаас26
Early life
1. the younger son of Sir Nicholas Bacon，
the Lord Keeper of the Seal of Elisabeth I.
2. born in London in 1561. 3. sent to Cambridge University at 12 4. 4.left Cambridge and went abroad, 5. and was attached to the English 6. ambassador in France for some two
6.At 36, engaged in the courtship of Elizabeth Hatton
7.At 45, married Alice, a fourteenyear-old girl
8.In 1621,awarded with viscount; public career ended in disgrace because of twentythree separate counts of corruption