Chinese taboos
从女性主义角度分析美国女性－－《律政俏佳人》
中美奢侈品消费行为差异背后的文化影响研究A Comparative Study of English and Chinese Taboos in the Context of Intercultural CommunicationOn the Linguistic Features of English and Chinese News Headlines解读艾丽斯•沃克《紫色》中的家庭A Comparison Between the History of Development of Law in Western Countries and China笛福《鲁宾逊漂流记》中鲁宾逊形象解析Enhance Listening Aptitude through Music中英爱情谚语的隐喻研究及其翻译The Importance of the Translators’Overall Qualities In Translation《看管人》下的“品特式”生存与对话—浅析《非笑之事》英语电影片名的汉译研究《雾都孤儿》中南希的人物性格分析论跨文化商务交际中的非语言交际的重要性跨文化交际中的移情及其能力的培养文化负载词的翻译策略英汉基本颜色文化内涵对比浅析爱伦·坡小说《黑猫》的写作艺术手法委婉语探究：起源、构成、交际功能《哈利波特》系列小说的浪漫主义情节分析浅析英语原版影视欣赏和英语学习A Comparison between Tess and Hester’s Tragic Destiny仿拟在广告中的运用商务谈判中的语言技巧A Freudian Psychoanalytical Interpretation of Catherine and Heathcliff in Wuthering Heights简析比喻在《围城》中的运用Reread Shylock from a Tragic V iewpoint相同的追求，不同的命运——《红楼梦》中的林黛玉和《傲慢与偏见》中的伊丽莎白比较The Glossology and Translation of Rhetorical Devices of Harry Potter中式思维模式对初中生英语写作的影响文体学视觉下的英语商务信函的礼貌表现《红色英勇勋章》主人公亨利•弗莱明心路历程探析An Analys is of David Copperfield’s Dual Character唯美主义与奥斯卡王尔德童话浅析《献给艾米莉的玫瑰》中渐渐消失的玫瑰从《一个干净明亮的地方》看极简主义在短篇小说中的应用论奥斯卡•王尔德《道林格雷的画像》中的死亡结局与唯美主义女性主义视野下林黛玉与简•爱的比较研究An Analysis of Middlemarch from the Perspective of Ethics中学英语课堂中的情感教育从《雾都孤儿》看查尔斯•狄更斯的善恶观以赫索格为代表的索尔贝娄作品中知识分子的困境与出路约瑟夫•康拉德《进步前哨》的象征主义分析分析《等待》的悲剧数字口译及其训练策略高中英语任务型语法教学初探论《被遗弃的韦瑟罗尔奶奶》中象征主义和意识流的运用The Relationship Between Oscar Wilde and Dorian Gray中英身势语中的文化差异《呼啸山庄》和《远离尘嚣》中女主人公的女性意识的对比从目的论看电影《音乐之声》中对白的汉译习语及习语的汉英翻译中美商务谈判的风格差异英文电影对英语专业学生词汇附带习得的影响从生长环境看林黛玉与简爱的反抗性格之差异Pursuit and Disillusionment of American Dream—On Sister Carrie’s Tragedy弗吉尼亚•伍尔夫《达洛维夫人》的写作技巧剖析《生活大爆炸》言语幽默语用分析论英语新课标下高中生跨文化意识的培养论《瓦尔登湖》中梭罗的超验主义哲学观国际商务英语信函写作中的礼貌策略从《阿甘正传》中看美国梦对比研究《珊瑚岛》和《蝇王》主题的冲突性宗教禁欲下的爱情-论霍桑的宗教观与道德观在《红字》中的体现Analysis of the Factors that Influence News Listening Comprehension浅析对信用证软条款的防范西丽自我身份的寻求——《紫色》的女性主义解读从认知语言学的视角下浅析隐喻和换喻的异同爱情描写与《》核心主题的关系论《白鲸》主角的悲剧实质论口译中的跨文化意识中西方传统女权主义思想异同比较——王熙凤与简爱之人物性格对比分析从中西方节日看中西文化差异从违反合作原则的角度解读会话含义“黑人会飞”——托妮•莫里森小说《所罗门之歌》中的黑人神话研究对外新闻的导语编译研究与苦难嬉戏——透析《查尔斯兰姆散文集》分析女性语言特点在英语委婉语中的体现——以《绝望主妇》为例中西文化差异对英语俚语翻译的影响浅析《飘》中女性主义的萌发论《老人与海》所表现的人与自然的关系英语学习能力与风格的性别差异研究从认知的角度看委婉语《雾都孤儿》中的善与恶莎士比亚悲剧人物的海明威式英雄特征——以《哈姆雷特》与《奥赛罗》为例从小说《麦田里的守望者》的主人公看当代大学毕业生的迷惘《十日谈》中的乡村意象A Comparison of the English Color TermsThe Narrative Strategies of O. Henry’s Short Stories互联网时代的语言帝国主义论英语电影片名的翻译英汉谚语中“爱”的情感隐喻对比研究Colonialist Ideology in The Last of the Mohicans商务交际中的模糊语言策略海明威《雨中猫》的文体分析Inheritance and Development of Gothic Literary Tradition in Jane Eyre中西方茶文化对比研究——以红茶为例模糊语在国际商务谈判中的语用功能研究迪斯尼动画《木兰》中的中美文化融合分析从福斯特《天使不敢涉足的地方》看英国转型期中产阶级价值观论《围城》的幽默语翻译《苔丝》与《呼啸山庄》中复仇主题的生态女性主义解读《小妇人》的结局中所包含的清教主义与个人主义的冲突与融合Feminism in The A wakeningOn the Disposal of Cultural Differences in the Translation挣脱世俗枷锁，定义自我人生意义——解读毛姆《人生的枷锁》中的人生哲学做最好的自己—论斯佳丽形象对现代女性的教育意义中美时间观念的跨文化研究从《小妇人》看男性缺失时十九世纪美国女性的成长英汉语复合词结构特征比较探析照进黑暗的光－－电影《弱点》主题阐释论英语听力难点及解决方法《晚安,妈妈》中公共汽车和洗衣机的象征寓意福克纳《我弥留之际》中达尔形象解析《飘》—斯嘉丽女性主义意识的成长历程解读对《呼啸山庄》里所反映的人性的解读从译者的读者意识看童话英汉翻译从社会达尔文主义的角度分析《野性的呼唤》中的巴克魔鬼之子：论《呼啸山庄》和《呼唤》中的男主人公形象浅议中西方餐桌礼仪的文化差异及翻译从违反合作原则看电影语言的会话含义——以《最后的武士》为例文化差异对中美商务谈判的影响电影片名翻译的研究从弗洛伊德的精神分析理论浅析《道林格雷的画像》中的主要人物On the Female Influences on Pip’s Character in Great Expectations非智力因素与英语学习的关系-以xx大学学生为例从服饰看中西方文化差异与融合A Humanistic Study on Charles Dickens’ A Tale of Two Cities迷惘一代的英雄：厄内斯特海明威与弗雷德里克亨利从北京奥运会简析宝洁营销策略中西饮食文化的比较Christ Love in Uncle Tom’s Cabin游戏教学在小学英语课堂中的运用浅谈中国经济发展中的问题浅析英语专业学生在听力理解中的策略运用东西方隐逸文化对比——试比较梭罗与陶渊明的作品On the Absurdity in Waiting for GodotOn the Manifold Functions of the Scene of Parties in The Great Gatsby 论翻译的艺术“It be adj for sb to do sth”中形容词制约研究汉英翻译中文化传递的可接受度论女性主义对翻译标准的影响中国英语在中国文化输出中的作用英汉被动意义表达比较研究翻译呼啸山庄的感想（英译中）初中英语的传统教学与现代教学的差异On Translation Strategies of Animal Idioms between English and Chinese 《等待戈多》的荒诞色彩女性主义翻译视角下《紫色》汉译本对比研究儒家文化与和谐世界的构建解读《金色笔记》中的女性主义经济学视野下的《鲁滨逊漂流记》浅析美国高等教育的创新《林湖重游》中的静态美分析通过小说《紫色》分析沃克的妇女主义思想论《简爱》对《灰姑娘》的继承与颠覆An Eco-Critical Approach to Moby Dick商务策略研究——论沃尔玛的营销策略中外英语教师的优劣势比较：从中学生视角盖斯凯尔夫人工业小说研究论现实主义在《野性的呼唤》中的体现从生态视野解读狼图腾读者在文学文本多元解读中扮演的角色《爱玛》中的女权思想解读论《献给艾米莉的玫瑰》中的悲剧之源如何在高中英语教学中培养学生的创新思维能力英国贵族精神和绅士教育研究从功能对等的角度论英语习语翻译论《紫颜色》中黑人妇女的反抗英语中源于希腊罗马神话主要神祇姓名词汇的认知探索车贴中的语言污染现象研究从关联理论分析辛弃疾的诗词翻译论英语新闻中的模糊语言从社会习俗角度分析中西方文化差异论《喜福会》中女性的反抗精神从心理学角度试析简爱性格的对立性论《太阳照常升起》中“迷惘一代”的反叛与抗争高中英语互动式课堂教学模式研究从《肖申克的救赎》和《当幸福来敲门》看美国个人主义价值观通过姚木兰和斯嘉丽形象的对比看中西文化的异同艾米丽狄金森和李清照自然诗写作风格对比分析论《野性的呼唤》的多重主题林肯话语中幽默特征的分析Double Vision in Characterization in The Great Gatsby《推销员之死》中的反英雄主义群体隐私和个体隐私——中美家庭中隐私观念的对比研究从《喜福会》母女冲突看中美家庭教育差异从新历史主义视角解读杰罗姆•大卫•塞林格《麦田里的守望者》语境与商务英语信函写作A Comparison of the English Color Terms浅谈汉语成语的英译论《太阳照常升起》中的象征主义《红楼梦》英译中双关语文化成分的翻译策略研究Study on Characteristics of American Black English from Social Perspectives 浅论《洛丽塔》主人公悲剧命运的根源从日常交际礼貌用语失误看中西方文化差异从跨文化交际角度论委婉语的翻译。
Cultural comparation on taboos between chinese and english 2
Chinese!
“那个”, “底下”, “私处”, are always used when they have to mention tabooed words for private body parts. a large number of words that used to substitute urination and defecation in Chinese culture. (eg: “方便一下”, “去 洗手间”, “有点儿急事”, “解手 etc. ) “大姨妈来了”, “好朋友来了”, “例假”, “不适”,
In what exact aspects do taboos differ in Chinese and English?
Taboos in privacy Taboos in naming and adressing Taboos in religion and superstition
Taboos in Chinese
VS Taboos in English
What is taboo?
A taboo is a strong social prohibition (or ban) relating to any area of human activity or social custom that is sacred or forbidden based on moral judgment, religious beliefs or scientific consensus.
Same taboos shared by Chinese and English 3.
Taboos on bodies
Chinese!
中国禁忌-Chinese-Taboos
• And the position of the chopsticks when holding may depends the position where your husband’s home.
Now, I will introduce some Chinese taboos from the following aspects.
Chinese Taboos
The production, essence and functions of taboos
• Taboos are some actions that be forbid.
• The source of the taboos are the instinct to the horrific things, for example the animals, and the natural calamities.
• If a people pass away, we shouldn’t say that he is die, but choose other words replace.
Taboos in language
• Chinese people always avoid the negative things when speaking.
•
othing
•
Eating and drinking
•
Language
•
Gender
•
Wedding
Taboos in clothing
• People must select the clothes depend on the seasons.
英语presentation about “Taboos in China”
Next, Taboos related to Traditional Festivals.
1.Floors may not be swept and garbage may not be disposed on the first day of the New Year for fear of casting riches out the door.(BUT to be hoest, most of Chinese now won't pay attention to this kind of stuff even for old parents)
Taboos in China(完整)
Reading card 4：Taboos in ChinaCultural Taboos in ChinaForeigners are not expected to know all of these things the minute they step off the plane and will be given great latitude, however your knowledge of what is not acceptable can make your transition to life in China much smoother.If you want someone to come to you, don’t wave them over with an upturned finger. This is impolite. Wave them over with your fingers turned down, as if they were sweeping something toward you. The same motion is used whenhailing a cab.When using a toothpick in public, cover your mouth with your hand.When eating with a group, if there is a dish everyone is sharing (which is customary), do not use your chopsticks or the spoon you are eating with to dish your food. Use the serving spoon to dish into your bowl or plate and then use your spoon or chopsticks to eat.If someone gives you a present, it’s best not to open it in front of them.When someone gives a business card to you, do not stick it in your hip pocket. Also, don’t stick it in your wallet and then put your wallet in your hip pocket. You would be symbolically stating that you want to sit on them! Putting a business card in your wallet and them placing the wallet in a front pocket is no problem.After eating a meal, never leave your chopsticks sticking up in the left-over rice at the bottom of your bowl. This is what people do at shrines when offering a meal to their ancestors' ghosts. Doing it in a restaurant would be a terrible curse on the proprietor.Sometimes funerals, weddings, or religious ceremonies will suddenly occupy a whole street without warning. Even though they’re blocking your way, it's not good to walk through such a gathering.When you're just getting to know someone, and it begins to rain but they don't have an umbrella, it’s bad luck to give them an umbrella to go home with – a sure omen that you’ll never see each other again.( the Chinese word for umbrella-san-sounds like the word for “to break apart”.)This is particularly important for dating couples the first few times they go out together. If you like our new friend, take the time to escort him or her with the umbrella out to the bus stop or taxi.The following gifts and/or colors are associated with death and should not be given:Clocks (giving a watch is okay)Straw sandalsA stork or craneHandkerchiefsAnything white, blue or blackLikewise, its best not to give a handkerchief as a present. Given that this is something that is used to wipe away tears, a gift of this nature is perceived to actually bring them some kind of bad fortune, IE) the cause for crying. Believe it or not, finishing everything on your plate is NOT a good thing in China. If you eat all of your meal, the Chinese will assume you did not receive enough food and are still hungry.Don't lose your temper. You can be form as long as you remain polite but to lose one's temper is an absolute loss of face.You can give away your used stuff but not as a gift, no matter how nice it is. But don’t worry, if you accidentally give an unlucky gift, the course can be set straight if the receiver gives you a coin as a token payment – then it technically becomes a purchase instead of a present.Remember when entering any home in China that you need to always take off your shoes.When sitting, do not point the bottoms of your feet to any person. Try to sit cross-legged or tuck your legs underneath you.Eating Taboos in China“A Chinese dinner host will not expect a visitor to know all the traditions associated with a Chinese meal. But the visitor who knows some of them will gain 'face' and give 'face' to his host!” Here are some basic rules that we suggest you follow:1. First of all- Where to sit? No you cannot randomly go pick the best seat, right next to a friend of your host. There is a specific order to where you can sit.2. The host sits nearest to the door. The guest of honor sits opposite. Other honorary guests sit to the left of the guest of honor.3. In China, people tend to eat together. And sometimes the Chinese host uses their chopsticks to put food in your bowl or plate. This is a sign of politeness. The appropriate thing to do would be to eat the whatever-it-is and say how yummy it is. If you feel uncomfortable with this, you can just say a polite thank you and leave the food there.4. Don’t eat a whole course; just sample everything on your plate. The re will bea lot of courses.5. Don’t eat everything on your plate, or your host may misunderstand that you haven’t have enough food. Instead leave a little bit of food on your plate.6. Never pour your own drink first. Instead make a toast, about business or friendship. Pour everyone a drink, leave no one out, or it will seem as if you forgot them.7. Don’t take the last piece of food on the platter, as it will seem as you’re greedy.8. It is impolite if the index finger points to others while holding chopsticks.9. Don’t take your chopstick and turn them into forks by poking into the food. You must use the chopstick to pick up the piece.10. If you pick up a piece with a chopstick and drop it, don’t attempt to pick up another piece instead, keep on trying.11. Don’t start playing drum with your chopsticks by tapping on your bowl with them. Beggars tap on their bowls, so this is not polite.12. Don’t use the chopsticks as tooth picks, or suck on them.13. Never stick your chopsticks upright in the rice bowl, since that usually is done at a funeral and is deemed extremely impolite to the host and seniors present.14. Make sure the spout of the teapot is not facing anyone. The spout should always be directed to where nobody is sitting, usually just outward from the table.15. Never try to turn a fish over and de-bone it yourself, since the separation of the fish skeleton from the lower half of the flesh will usually be performed by the host or a waiter. Superstitious people think bad luck will ensue and a fishing boat will capsize if you do so.Social taboosEvery culture has its own rules on what is acceptable and what is not. This list will detail these customs in China. There is nothing better than experiencing a culture first hand - that doesn't, however, mean that one should not take the time to read and learn about what is expected before going. This will prevent embarrassing situations, and help natives feel more comfortable around you, so that you can learn the intricacies of the culture. In addition, taking the time to read about what is expected will help you avoid getting in trouble or seriously offending someone.Addressing PeersWhen addressing someone for any reason, it is expected that you address them with their official title. If they hold a position, such as 'General', then referto them as that. If they do not, however, or if you are unaware of their position, you should refer to them as Mr./Mrs./Ms plus their last name. Don't call them by their first name unless invited to do so.How to ActEvery culture has its rules on how you are to act, and China is no different. In China, to greet someone, you nod your head, or you bow slightly. Handshakes are also common, but you should wait for your Chinese partner to initiate the motion.Don't TouchThis is common in many Asian countries, and is the direct opposite of those found in Western society. Chinese people do not enjoy being touched by strang4ers. Don't touch someone unless you absolutely have to.Respect the EldersAs a Confucian rules, the elders are to be respected in every situation by those who are younger. You should always acknowledge the elder in a group first, and show the most respect to that person.Keep Your Hands out of Your MouthPutting your hands in your mouth is considered to be vulgar in Chinese culture, and should not be done. This includes biting your nails.Notes：Latitude：纬度Cab：驾驶室Shrines：神社break apart：掰开，分开escort：护送cross-legged：盘腿drum：鼓capsize：倾覆Confucian：儒家Vulgar：庸俗Nails:指甲。
中英禁忌语比较
中英禁忌语比较摘要：现在，中英两国人民之间的相互交流变得越来越频繁。
对中英两国人民来说在跨文化交际中不仅要知道讲什么话是首选，而且了解哪些话是被禁忌的是十分重要的。
禁忌语是中英文化中一个很普通的语言现象。
这篇文章介绍了禁忌语的起源和禁忌语的定义，也从文化差异这个角度比较了中英禁忌语的不同点和相同点。
主要的目的使人们对语言禁忌有更好的了解，并且在交流中能够建立更高的警觉性避免使用禁忌语，然后提高他们的跨文化交际能力。
关键词：禁忌语；定义；相似处；不同点IntroductionNowadays, taboo has become a commonly used word in anthropology and studies of religion and folk custom. Furthermore, it has been a fairly important field of these branches of learning. In every nation and culture there are phenomena of using taboo in daily life.About the origin of Taboo, there are two viewpoints now. One viewpoint is that the term Taboo is originated from Polynesian (in south Pacific) Tonga language. In 1777, Captain James Cook arrived in south Pacific Polynesian Tonga. In Tonga, he found a strange behavior in their daily life. There were many things forbidden to do, many foods forbidden to eat, and some words not allowed to say. The local language of Tonga called this phenomenon Taboo or Tabu. Then Cook borrowed the word into English. The word in English refers to acts that are forbidden or to be avoided. When an act is taboo, reference to this act may also become taboo. That is, first you are forbidden to do something, and then you are forbidden to talk about it. The other viewpoint is that the term Taboo is originated from native language in the middle Pacific Islands. After referring to information of different sources, I find most scholars think the source of the word “Taboo” is Tongan word, which is introduced by Captain James Cook from Polynesia to Europe in 1777. And in book the CambridgeEncyclopedia of Language, when it defines “Taboo”, it point s out clearly that Taboo has been borrowed from Tongan.1. Definition of Taboo1.1 Definition of TabooSigmund Freud, the founder of psychoanalytic school, put forward interesting and detailed discussions on taboos in his classical work Totem and Taboo. He pointed out that taboos contained two opposite meanings: on one hand, it was lofty, sacred; on the other hand, it was mysterious, dangerous, prohibitive and unclean. On the basis of Freud’s views, the Oxford Advanced Learner’s English-Chinese dictionary defines the word “Taboo” as follows: “a) ban or prohibition on something that is regarded for religious or other reasons as not to be done, touched, used, spoken of etc. b) general agreement not to discuss or to do something.”(Oxford Advanced Learner’s English-Chinese dictionary,2000 )We can also find the definition in the Cambridge Encyclopedia of Language: “Taboo has been borrowed from Tongan, w here it means ‘holy’ or ‘untouchable’. Taboos exist in all known cultures, referring to certain acts, objects, or relationships which society wishes to avoid-and thus the language used to talk about them. Verbal taboos are generally related to sex, the supernatural, excretion, and death, but quite often they extend to other aspects of domestic and social life.”(David,1997) In short, from these definitions of taboo, we can know all the taboos are likely to be considered sacred, dangerous, inviolable or obscene by certain people. It is usually not spoken directly.1.2 Differences between Taboo and EuphemismMany people think that taboo is to a degree similar to euphemism. In our daily life, we often meet certain things we cannot say directly, so we use language which can help us avoid saying certain things as well as to express them. Certain things are not said, not because there’s no way to express them, but because people do not want to talk about those things; or if those things are to be talked about, they are talked about in very roundabout ways. In the first case we have instance of linguistic taboo; in thesecond case we have the employment of euphemism so as to avoid mentioning certain things directly.Taboo is the prohibition or avoidance in any society of behavior believed to be harmful to its members in that it would cause them anxiety, embarrassment, or shame. Euphemism is more obvious than taboo words and expressions in our society. Euphemistic words and expressions allow us to talk about unpleasant things and “neutralize” the unpleasantness. They also allow us to give labels to unpleasant tasks and jobs in an attempt to make them sound almost attractive. These two linguistic are have some similar, however, each group is different from each other in how it constrains linguistic behavior in one way. Taboo is certain things that we cannot say, and euphemism is a linguistic we say certain things by better way, and then make people more comfortable.Taboo and euphemism affect us in all aspects of life. When we speak, we must constantly make choices of many different kinds: what we want to say, how we say it, and the specific sentence patterns, words and expressions that best unite the “what’s”with the “how’s”. We should know some words we never and hardly use when we are talking with others. If we use these words, it may cause some troubles in communication.2. Similar taboos in English and ChineseWith the development of science and technology, the world becomes smaller and smaller; the increasing communication between different countries and nations make the mutual understanding more and more important. Thus, different social values and life customs blend as well as collide with one another. People in one culture may not use euphemism when referring to a social phenomenon while in another culture euphemism is the preferred way people address it. So the former may find a different equivalent in the latter’s language. For instance, English-speaking people usually substitute “underachieve” for “slow student” and nowadays Chinese people also tend to use the euphemistic phrase“后进生”instead of “差生”. In present society,taboo plays a considerably important part in the development of cross-cultural communication in English and Chinese.According to International English Usage, there are mainly six taboo aspects as follows, religion and god, sex, secretions and excretions, disease and death, society, and privacy regarding age, weight, income etc. I have read some book about Chinese culture. Then, I compare English taboos with Chinese taboos. Chinese taboos are similar to English taboos. Chinese taboos also contain mainly six aspects.2.1 Religion and GodIn English-speaking countries, most people believe Christianity, they have a strong sense of religion, and people are strictly prohibited from mentioning God’s name. In the third commandment of Ten Commandments, it says,”Thou shalt not speak my name in vain”. Once you break the rule, you will be criticized or even be alienated by other members. Jesus Christ was a Jew who lived in Palestine 2000 years ago and is accepted by Christians as the Son of God. So in these countries, the religious terms like God, devil, Christ, damn, Jesus Christ etc, are only allowed to be mentioned in serious talk. If someone mentions Jesus Christ in casual talk or in a joke, he will be considered impolite. However, when English people scold someone, they will use these words:“For Christ's sake!” , “God damned!”, “Hell!”, “ Oh, damn it!”In Chinese, it is similar for people to avoid calling God’s name. Most Chinese people believe Buddhism, they also do not mention God’s name. They often call God such as“玉皇大帝”，“大圣”，“佛主” etc. when they swears, they will use sky, such as “上苍作证”, “对天发誓”，“上天为证”。
中国禁忌文化@
• widows They were considered to be ominous（不吉利的）. • Nuns and Monks
In Hunan,it was said that if you encountered nuns or monks on New Year's Day，you would be unlucky a year．
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Taboos for objects
c chopsticks to hit the side of your bowl or plate to make a lot of noise, because Chinese people think only beggars would do this to beg food. 2. When you use chopsticks, don't stretch out your index finger, which would be regarded as a kind of accusation(谴责） to others. Never use chopsticks to point at others. 3. It is thought to be an impolite behavior when you suck the end of a chopstick. People will think you lack family education. Powerpoint Templates
• The ancestors’names(alive or dead)
Sima Qian's “史记” was used instead of“史谈”, just because his father's name was “司马谈”. By Tang Dynasty,people were not allowed to use ancestors' names of the monarchs for more than seven generations，even after they died.
中国饮食禁忌英文作文
中国饮食禁忌英文作文英文：As a Chinese, I have grown up with a set of dietary taboos that have been passed down for generations. These taboos are deeply rooted in our culture and are believed to have health and spiritual benefits. Here are some of the most common Chinese dietary taboos:1. Avoid eating cold and raw food: In Chinese culture,it is believed that cold and raw food can cause digestive problems and weaken the body's immune system. Therefore, we avoid eating raw food, especially during the winter months.2. Don't eat too much spicy food: Spicy food isbelieved to cause excessive heat in the body, which canlead to health problems such as acne, nosebleeds, and sore throat. Therefore, we try to limit our intake of spicy food.3. Don't eat too much seafood: In Chinese culture,seafood is considered a "cold" food, which can cause digestive problems and weaken the body's immune system. Therefore, we try to limit our intake of seafood,especially during the winter months.4. Avoid eating certain types of meat: Some types of meat, such as dog meat and horse meat, are considered taboo in Chinese culture due to cultural and historical reasons. Eating these types of meat is seen as disrespectful and offensive.5. Don't eat certain types of vegetables: In Chinese culture, some vegetables, such as bitter melon and lotus root, are believed to have cooling properties, which can cause digestive problems and weaken the body's immune system. Therefore, we try to limit our intake of these vegetables.中文：作为一个中国人，我从小就接受了一套代代相传的饮食禁忌。
chinese menu
中式早點烧饼Clay oven rolls油条Fried bread stick韭菜盒Fried leek dumplings 水饺Boiled dumplings蒸饺Steamed dumplings水晶饺Pyramid dumplings芋子饺taro dumplings海扇饺子Scallop dumplings馒头Steamed buns/bread 割包Steamed sandwich饭团Rice and vegetable roll 蛋饼Egg cakes皮蛋100-year egg咸鸭蛋Salted duck egg豆浆Soybean milk饭类稀饭Rice porridge/gruel/congee 八宝粥Eight-treasure porridge 白饭Plain white rice油饭Glutinous oil rice糯米饭Glutinous rice卤肉饭Braised pork rice蛋炒饭Fried rice with egg地瓜粥Sweet potato congee 饭团Rice and vegetable roll 面类馄饨面Wonton & noodles刀削面Sliced noodles麻辣面Spicy hot noodles麻酱面Sesame paste noodles -------------[‘sezəmi]鴨肉面Duck with noodles鱔魚面Eel noodles乌龙面Seafood noodles榨菜肉丝面Pork , pickled mustard ________-green noodles牡蛎细面Oyster thin noodles板条Flat noodles米粉Rice noodles炒米粉Fried rice noodles冬粉Green bean noodle 汤类鱼丸汤Fish ball soup貢丸汤Meat ball soup蛋花汤Egg & vegetable soup蛤蜊汤Clams soup牡蛎汤Oyster soup紫菜汤Seaweed soup酸辣汤Sweet & sour soup馄饨汤Wonton soup猪肠汤Pork intestine soup肉羹汤Pork thick soup鱿鱼汤Squid soup花枝羹Squid thick soup甜点爱玉Vegetarian gelatin糖葫芦Tomatoes on sticks长寿桃Longevity Peaches芝麻球Glutinous rice sesame balls麻花Hemp flowers双胞胎Horse hooves碗糕Salty rice pudding筒仔米糕Rice tube pudding红豆糕Red bean cake绿豆糕Bean paste cake糯米糕Glutinous rice cakes萝卜糕Fried white radish patty芋头糕Taro cake芋泥sweet taro pudding冰类绵绵冰Mein mein ice麦角冰Oatmeal ice地瓜冰Sweet potato ice紅豆牛奶冰Red bean with milk ice八宝冰Eight treasures ice豆花Tofu pudding果汁甘蔗汁Sugar cane juice酸梅汁Plum juice杨桃汁Star fruit juice青草茶Herb juice雪碧Sprite可乐cola珍珠奶茶Pearl milk tea椰果奶茶Coconut Gelatin Milk Tea点心牡蛎煎Oyster omelet臭豆腐Stinky tofu (Smelly tofu)油豆腐Oily bean curd麻辣豆腐Spicy hot bean curd荔枝肉sweet and sour lychees佛跳墙sea food and poultry incasserole/buddha jumps over the wall虾片Prawn cracker虾球Shrimp balls春卷Spring rolls蛋卷Chicken rolls肉圆Taiwanese Meatballs肉丸Rice-meat dumplings豆干Dried tofu其他当归鸭Angelica duck槟榔Betel nut火锅Hot pot皮蛋100-year egg咸鸭蛋Salted duck egg臭豆腐Stinky tofu (Smelly tofu)油豆腐Oily bean curd火锅Hot pot卤味braised food。
ChineseTaboos
Listing T aboos in China (P253, Further Development, 练习21）Clocks cannot be taken as gift.2）Try to avoid the number of four for its pronunciation as “si”, especially for the car plate number.3）On the eve of the Spring Festival, fish should not entirely be finished.4）Chrysanthemums should never be given as gift for a visit or patient in hospital.5）When invited to dinner, the guests should not arrive exactly on time.6）Never unwrap a present in front of the person who gives it to you.7）Do not stick your chopsticks down into a bowl of rice. Some Chinese do this to commemorate the family dead who no longer eat at the dinner table.别把两根筷子竖着插在饭碗里。
有些中国人家这样做是为了祭拜家中死去了的人。
Chinese Taboo WordsIn ancient China, the Chinese regarded the names of their emperors and elders as taboos. It was forbidden to write the name of an emperor when quoting anything old or composing anything new. To avoid such problems, later emperors were given names with characters invented for them -- characters that were utterly useless for any other purpose.To illustrate the principles involved here, let us take up the case of the man who founded the Ming Dynasty (1368-1644). As an individual, he was a man of the Zhu family named Yuanzhang, so according to the usual manner he would be called Zhu Yuanzhang. However, once he ascended the throne, his personal name became taboo; thenceforth, he would be referred to by his dynastic name or Miaohao (temple name) Great Ancestor of the Ming, or Ming Taizu. According to the conventions of English usage, we would refer to him as Emperor Taizu.Since a Chinese character has different elements, or morphemes, and most Chinese names mean something, there were some ways to avoid tattoo words for ordinary people. For instance, a person can use any word element morpheme of a taboo word as his/her name; replace the taboo word with its synonyms or parasynonyms; use homophones or words with similar pronunciation as substitutes of the taboo word; change the pronunciation of the tattoo word when using it; use characters in similar shapes; add components to the taboo character to create a new one and so on.A taboo means a ban or prohibition on something sacred or indecent that is regarded for religious or other reasons as not to be done, touched, used or mentioned.The history of taboos can be traced back to primitive society, according to contemporary scholars. As early as the Western Han Dynasty (206 BC-25 AD), some Chinese academic works and historical records referred to the word "taboo" for the first time.As an important and inseparable part of folk customs, taboos had a close relationship with ordinary Chinese people's lives in ancient times and reached the most far-flung corners of the country.With the constant changes of society, both forms and implications of taboos have also undergone great evolution.Most of the far-reaching taboos have been discarded by people in recent years because of rapid scientific development. However, some elderly people maintain their traditional life styles at present and a number of ingrained taboos still exist in their lives.Among all the taboos, those related to nature and the weather remain shrouded in mystery. There are taboos relating to the sun, the moon, stars, wind, thunder, rain, rainbows, water, fire, stones and soil.The reason is simple: Nature and weather had a direct influence on people's lives in ancient times. If people benefited from nature and weather, they would be grateful to them. If people suffered from natural calamities, they would be seized with great panic.Such a combination of admiration and trepidation towards nature triggered the so-called "nature worship."According to ancient folk legends, the solar eclipse took place because dogs in heaven ate the sun. In order to save the sun from demise, ancient people formed the habit of beating drums and gongs at the critical moment. They believed that the sounds of drums and gongs could frighten and drive away the dogs. Meanwhile, in order to show their esteem towards the sun, people would not eat any food or hold any recreational activity.In addition, people were not allowed to sweep the floor after the sunset. In their opinion, the God of Wealth would be swept outside their houses and never came back again if they did so. The God of Wealth's departure meant the decline of a family's fortunes.In some parts of the country, visiting a patient after sunset was considered to be ominous. People thought the bright sunshine could help to improve a patient's health. After the sunset, a patient's poor health condition would deteriorate due to the lack of sunshine.Taboos related to soil also existed because Chinese people also showed great respect towards it.In ancient times, people were forbidden to scoop up soil from the mountains the shape of which looked like a divine dragon. Otherwise, what they did would offend the diving dragon and catastrophes would be inevitable.On top of that, ancient people believed that the land was under the management of numerous Gods of Land. The gods were able to make the earth fertile and ensure bumper harvests on the land where they lived.In order to express their respect towards the Gods of Land, ancient people had to establish temples for them.If people needed to scoop up soil to build houses, they had to worship the god who took charge of their land beforehand.。
taboo讲解
taboo(直译为“塔布”，意译为“禁忌”)一词 原是玻利尼西业汤加语，意思是“需要极端注意的 事”。英国航海家james cook(1728—1779)于 1777年航行到南太平洋的汤加岛，发现并记录了 该地有关taboo的种种现象。 “禁忌”现象包括两个方面：一是受尊敬的神 物不能随便使用；二是受鄙视的贱物不能随便接触。 而所谓语言禁忌(verbal taboo)也包括两个方面： 即语言的灵物崇拜和语言的禁用和代用。在当今社 会文化交流日益频繁，禁忌便成为人们在跨文化交 流中需要注意的问题否则会因为禁忌不同导致交际 失败。
In addition, helpful Englishspeaking countries the 另外，英语国家有用鲜 customary gifts of flowers, some 花送礼的习惯，其中也 of which were taboo. First of all, 有一些禁忌。首先，送 avoid sending double the 花忌送双数，因为双数 number of flowers, because 的花会招来厄运。也忌 even number of developments 讳送白色的花，如白色 have attracted bad luck. Also 百合花，被看作是厄运 taboo to send white flowers, 的预兆或死亡的象征。 such as the white lily, is seen as 除此之外，给医院的病 a harbinger of doom or death 人送花忌送白色或红白 symbol. In addition, patients in 相间的花。 the hospital to send flowers to avoid sending the white or red and white flowers.
中国风俗禁忌英文作文
中国风俗禁忌英文作文Chinese Taboos in Traditional Customs。
As a country with a long history and rich cultural heritage, China has developed a set of unique customs and traditions. However, many of these customs are accompanied by taboos that must be observed to avoid bad luck or misfortune. In this essay, I will discuss some of the most common taboos in Chinese traditional customs.Firstly, during the Chinese New Year, it is considered unlucky to sweep the floor or take out the garbage. This is because it is believed that doing so will sweep away good luck and fortune. Instead, people usually clean their homes thoroughly before the New Year and then avoid sweeping or cleaning during the first few days of the holiday. Additionally, it is taboo to use scissors or knives during the New Year, as it is believed that this will cut off good luck.Secondly, in Chinese culture, the number four is considered unlucky because it sounds like the word for death. Therefore, it is taboo to give gifts in sets of four or to have four people sitting at a table. Similarly, the number eight is considered lucky because it sounds like the word for prosperity. Many Chinese people will choose phone numbers or license plate numbers with multiple eights.Thirdly, in Chinese weddings, it is considered taboofor the bride and groom to see each other before the ceremony. Additionally, the color white is associated with funerals and death, so it is not a traditional color for wedding dresses. Instead, brides typically wear red, whichis a symbol of good luck and happiness.Finally, in Chinese funerals, it is taboo to wearbright colors or to celebrate with alcohol. The color white is the traditional color of mourning, and it is also common to wear black or dark colors. Additionally, it isconsidered disrespectful to laugh or smile during a funeral, as it is a solemn occasion.In conclusion, Chinese traditional customs are accompanied by many taboos that must be observed to avoid bad luck or misfortune. These taboos are deeply rooted in Chinese culture and are still observed by many people today. By understanding and respecting these customs and taboos,we can gain a better appreciation of Chinese culture and traditions.。
关于元宵的英文介绍_元宵节
关于元宵的英文介绍元宵节，又称上元节、小正月、元夕或灯节，是春节之后的第一个重要节日，是中国亦是汉字文化圈的地区和海外华人的传统节日之一。
你知道怎么用英文介绍元宵节吗?现在小编就带你来看看。
关于元宵节及相关习俗的英语介绍Popular Chinese name: 元宵节 'first night festival'Alternative Chinese name: 上元节 'first first festival'Date: Lunar calendar month 1 day 15 (February 22, 20xx)Importance: ends China's most important festival, Spring FestivalCelebrations: enjoying lanterns, lantern riddles, eating tangyuan a.k.a. yuanxiao (ball dumplings in soup), lion dances, dragon dances, et.History: about 2,000 yearsGreeting: Happy Lantern Festival! 元宵节快乐!The Lantern Festival is Very ImportantThe Lantern Festival is the last day (traditionally) of China's most important festival, Spring Festival (春节Chūnjié /chwn-jyeah/ a.k.a. the Chinese New Year festival). After the Lantern Festival, Chinese New Year taboos are no longer in effect, and all New Year decorations are taken down.The Lantern Festival is also the first full moon night in the Chinese calendar, marking the return of spring and symbolizing the reunion of family. However, most people cannot celebrate it with their families, because there is no public holiday for this festival.When Did the Lantern Festival Begin?The Lantern Festival can be traced back to 2,000 years ago.In the beginning of the Eastern Han Dynasty (25–220),Emperor Hanmingdi was an advocate of Buddhism. He heard that some monks lit lanterns in the temples to show respect to Buddha on the fifteenth day of the first lunar month. Therefore, he ordered that all the temples, households, and royal palaces should light lanterns on that evening.This Buddhist custom gradually became a grand festival among the people.How Do Chinese Celebrate the Lantern Festival?According to China's various folk customs, people get together on the night of the Lantern Festival to celebrate with different activities.As China is a vast country with a long history and diverse cultures, Lantern Festival customs and activities vary regionally, including lighting and enjoying (floating, fixed, held, and flying) lanterns, appreciating the bright full moon, setting off fireworks, guessing riddles written on lanterns, eating tangyuan, lion dances, dragon dances, and walking on stilts.The most important and prevalent customs are enjoying lanterns, guessing lantern riddles, eating tangyuan, and lion dances.Lighting and Watching Lanterns放花灯、看花灯Lighting and appreciating lanterns is the main activity of the festival. When the festival comes, lanterns of various shapes and sizes (traditional globes, fish, dragons, goats! — in 20xx, up to stories high!) are seen everywhere including households, shopping malls, parks, and streets, attracting numerous viewers. Children may hold small lanterns while walking the streets.The lanterns' artwork vividly demonstrates traditional Chinese images, such as fruits, flowers, birds, animals, people, and buildings.In the Chinese T aiwanese dialect, the Chinese word for lantern (灯dēng) is pronounced similarly to(丁dīng), which means 'a new-born baby boy'. Therefore lighting lanterns means illuminating the future and giving birth.Lighting lanterns is a way for people to pray that they will have smooth futures and express their best wishes for their families. Women who want to be pregnant would walk under a hanging lantern praying for a child.Guessing Lantern Riddles 猜灯谜Guessing (solving) lantern riddles, starting in the Song Dynasty (960–1279), is one of the most important and popular activities of the Lantern Festival. Lantern owners write riddles on paper notes and pasted them upon the colorful lanterns. People crowd round to guess the riddles.If someone thinks they have the right answer, they can pull the riddle off and go to the lantern owner to check their answer. If the answer is right, there is usually a small gift as a prize.As riddle guessing is interesting and informative, it has become popular among all social strata.Lion Dances舞狮子The lion dance is one of the most outstanding traditional folk dances in China. It can be dated back to the Three Kingdoms Period (220–280).Ancient people regarded the lion as a symbol of bravery and strength, and thought that it could drive away evil and protect people and their livestock. Therefore, lion dances are performed at important events, especially the Lantern Festival, to ward off evil and pray for good fortune and safety.The lion dance requires two highly-trained performers in a lion suit. One acts as the head and forelegs, and the other theback and rear legs. Under the guidance of a choreographer, the "lion" dances to the beat of a drum, gong, and cymbals. Sometimes they jump, roll, and do difficult acts such as walking on stilts.In one lion dance, the "lion" moves from place to place looking for some green vegetables, in which red envelopes with money inside are hidden. The acting is very amusing and spectators enjoy it very much.Nowadays, the lion dance has spread to many other countries with overseas Chinese, and it is quite popular in countries like Malaysia and Singapore. In many Chinese communities of Europe and America, Chinese people use lion dances or dragon dances to celebrate every Spring Festival and other important events.Eating Tangyuan (Yuanxiao) 吃汤圆(元宵)Eating Tangyuan is a very important custom of the Lantern Festival.Eating tangyuan is an important custom of the Lantern Festival. Tangyuan (汤圆tāngyuán /tung-ywen/ 'soup round') are also called yuanxiao when eaten for the Lantern Festival, after the festival.These ball-shaped dumplings made of glutinous rice flour, with different fillings are stuffed inside, usually sweet, such as white sugar, brown sugar, sesame seeds, peanuts, walnuts, rose petals, bean paste, and jujube paste, or any combination of two or three ingredients. Yuanxiao can be boiled, fried, or steamed, and are customarily served in fermented rice soup, called tianjiu (甜酒tián jiǔ /tyen-jyoh/ 'sweet liquor').As tangyuan is pronounced similarly to tuanyuan (团圆/twan-ywen/ 'group round'), which means the whole familygathering together happily, Chinese people believe that the round shape of the balls and their bowls symbolize wholeness and togetherness. Therefore, eating tangyuan on the Lantern Festival is a way for Chinese people to express their best wishes for their family and their future lives.It is believed that the custom of eating tangyuan originated during the Song Dynasty, and became popular during the Ming (1368–1644) and Qing (1644–1911) periods.关于元宵节，英语怎么说?正月是农历的元月，古人称夜为“宵”，所以称正月十五为元宵节。
中国禁忌的英文作文
中国禁忌的英文作文英文：Taboo is a common phenomenon in every culture, and China is no exception. As a Chinese, I have grown up with the concept of taboo, and it has become a part of my life. There are many taboos in China, and they vary from region to region. Some of the most common taboos in China include avoiding the number four, not pointing at people with your finger, and not giving a clock as a gift.One of the most well-known taboos in China is the number four. In Chinese, the pronunciation of the word "four" is similar to the word for "death". Therefore, many Chinese people believe that the number four is unlucky and should be avoided. For example, in many hospitals in China, there is no fourth floor, and the number four is often skipped in phone numbers and license plates.Another taboo in China is pointing at people with yourfinger. In Chinese culture, it is considered rude and impolite to point at someone with your finger. Instead, people use their whole hand to gesture towards someone or something. This is a sign of respect and shows that you are not singling out one person.Finally, giving a clock as a gift is also considered taboo in China. The word for "clock" in Chinese sounds similar to the word for "funeral". Therefore, giving a clock as a gift is seen as a bad omen and is avoided. Instead, people give other gifts, such as flowers or fruit, which are seen as more auspicious.中文：禁忌是每个文化中普遍存在的现象，中国也不例外。
TOPIC-----taboos
TaboosA: Taboo, means something we should pay much attention to. There are some similarities in foreign and Chinese taboos, but different cultures may not all agree on what is or is not a taboo. So the differences also exist between foreign and Chinese taboos. A lack of knowledge in this field taboos may lead to misunderstandings.B: Yeah, I agree. Chinese culture is very different from the foreign culture. We can’t know each of them, but at least, we can list some of them which can help us in our lives.C: I know something about taboos. Matters of the Heart, this is a tricky one. Sometimes you may run into people who cannot wait to pour their hearts out to you. And there are also those who make sure their personal business stays behind closed doors.D: Maybe you are right. Therefore, try not to ask too many questions about someone's love life, marriage and family until you have a friendship with this person. Even then, you better wait for your friend to come to you with the matters of their heart. This is what people do in America.B: But in China, most people still won’t tell others about their marriage and family. Most of them like to hold them as a secret. When people talk, they may talk about the income, but it is impolite, d on’t you think so?C: Yes, you should never ask how much someone's salary is. In America, there's no way around this one. However, it's perfectly suitable to ask about their job title and what they do for a living. This information should give you some idea how much they make a year.A: Chinese culture has many taboos which foreign countries don’t have, such as the entire house cleaning before New Year's Day. In ancient China, the Chinese regarded the names of their emperors and elders as taboos. And I’m find that you have only mentioned about the difference. Can you tell some similarities?D: Age is a very sensitive subject to many people, especially to women. Thought of growing older is a painful thing and nearly all of us have nothing to do with it. So many women work hard to maintain a youthful appearance. Maybe the last thing they want to be asked is "How old are you exactly?"B: This is also a taboo in China. I know another taboo---- Weight. This is one of the touchiest subjects. In America, the thinner you are, the prettier you are considered. Looking through any American fashion magazines, you'll notice that most models are nothing more than skin and bones..C: Now, lose weight is a common topic among young people. And it is also popular among us college students. Believe it or not, the tall and thin look was the hottest look of the 1990s.D: We talked about some of taboos. Now we may safely come to the conclusion that different culture has different taboos.A: Anyhow, it's difficult to always avoid conversation landmines so be sensible, watch your steps and try not to open a can of worms.。
taboo
现在人们称美国黑人为blacks 或 African American。英语中还有一些 含有“black”的词语也是禁忌语。英语 中“white”表示“清白”“纯洁”“干 净”“慈善”等——这些都是有积极含 义的褒义词；而“black”则与“邪
恶”“罪孽”“肮脏”等有关。如：
blackguard(恶棍)，blacklist(黑名单)， black mark(污点)等。全家引以为耻的 “败家子”叫black sheep，不叫 white sheep。无恶意的谎言叫white lie，不像ordinary lie(一般的谎言)或 black lie(用心险恶的谎言)那么坏。
9) Carrying a rabbit‘s foot brings good luck. 提起兔脚可交好运。
10) Opening an umbrella in the house is bad luck. 在屋中撑伞会倒霉。
这其中有些迷信有其流传的说法，
但不少无从考证。如：在英美等国人 们都喜欢猫，但对黑猫却有种种的禁 忌。在英国，人们常把黑猫与巫婆联 系在一起。巫婆在英国文化中是一个 令人憎恶的形象：老太婆，头戴尖帽， 骑一把扫帚，到处“兴风作浪”。而 传说中，巫婆身边常有一只黑猫陪伴。 所以直到今天，不少人仍认为黑猫主 凶。 (猫猫语: 为什么呢？不管黑猫白 猫，能抓鼠鼠就是好猫，反正黑猫我 也喜欢。嘿嘿~~）
Social taboo
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4.Married vehicles can't go the same road. 结婚车辆，不能走重路。(传说，走重路， 男续弦，女改嫁。)
1.The entire house should be cleaned before New Year's Day. On New Year's Eve, all brooms，brushes， dusters，dustpans （簸箕）and other cleaning equipment are put away. Sweeping or dusting should not be done on New Year's Day for fear that good fortune will be swept away.
3.Nothing should be lent on New Year's Day，as anyone who does so will be lending all the year. All debts have to be paid by New Year's Eve.
• 1. Avoid knocking bowls while eating. • 2. Avoid leaning on the frame of the door when having a meal.
• 3.In the company of fishermen, do not turn the fish over. It symbolises boats being capsized(颠覆).
• 4.盛饭时忌勺子往外倒，说过去给犯人 才这样盛饭。
Chinese taboos
1.Wedding gifts avoid singular. 2.The wedding bedding should be the new, otherwise, will be considered contempt of the bride.
3.If there is no "spring" solar terms of this year , which is considered as the "year without spring”, avoid marriage. 一年内没有“立春”这个节气，称为“一 年无春”，忌结婚。
2.Wear new clothes —— preferably in red. Children should wear new clothes and new shoes. Red is considered as a bright，happy color，sure to bring the wearer a sunny and bright future.