1 指代题

指代题一．问法：The word X in the passage refers to二．代词分类：三．做题步骤1．分析代词在所在句的语法成分（利用难句分析，主、宾、表、同位）2．向前找相似结构（简化语言——内容相同、结构相似的结构）3．带入看前后语义四．规律1．后句指代前句方法：相邻两句话后句中的代词指代前句中相对应位置的名词；一个句子分为前后两个分句时(定从、状从；名从除外)，后半句当中的代词指代的是前半句当中相对应位置的名词。

注：向前找离代词最近的主干成分规律题：①代词的对应位置不会受到被动语态的影响10. The word Some in paragraph 2 refers toA effectsB chemicalsC enzymesD cells原文：Some are absorbed from an organism’s environment and act as metabolic poisons. 相邻两句话后句当中的代词指代前句中相对应位置的名词前句：Certain chemicals selectively inhibit the action of specific enzymes in plant and animal cells.（organism:有机体；metabolic poison:代谢毒物[医]; inhibit:抑制、禁止；enzymes:酶类）10. The word Some in paragraph 2 refers toA effectsB chemicalsC enzymesD cells②（两句子）介宾短语在句首的修饰作用1. The word These in the passage refers toA final decadesB guiding principlesC applied artsD indigenous designs原文：These were promoted in books, magazines, newspapers and art schools of the period.相邻两句话后句当中的代词指代前句中相对应位置的名词前句：In the final decades of the nineteenth century, the guiding principles for the applied arts were sensitive handcrafting, simplicity, and respect for indigenous designs.(promote: 提升、增强；sensitive:精细的；simplicity:简单、朴素；indigenous:本土的)1. The word These in the passage refers toA final decadesB guiding principlesC applied artsD indigenous designs6. The word they in the passage refers toA stratified societiesB individualsC large number of familiesD education, income, and valuesare similar to each other in education, income, and后半句当中的代词指代的是前半句当中相对应位置的名词(constitute:组成、构成)6. The word they in the passage refers toA stratified societies （分层的社会——阶级社会）B individualsC large number of familiesD education, income, and values9. The word it in paragraph 2 refers toA calciumB vitamin DC bone matrix （骨基质）D gravity原文：Consequently, when gravity pushes on the skeleton, it causes the typical bowing of the legs seen in a child with the disease called rickets.一个句子分成前后两个分句，后半句当中的代词指代的是前半句当中相对应位置的名词(bow:弯曲；ricket:软骨病)9. The word it in paragraph 2 refers toA calciumB vitamin DC bone matrix （骨基质）D gravity陷阱题：（前句倒装+同位语解释说明）17. The work This in paragraph 1 refers toA phloemB inner barkC vascular cambiumD naked eye原文：This is the tree’s major growth organ, responsible for the outward widening of the trunk, branches, twigs, and roots.相邻两句话后句当中的代词指代前句中相对应位置的名词前句：Between these two pipelines is the vascular cambium, a single-cell layer too thin to be seen by the naked eye.(twig:嫩枝；vascular cambium:维管形成层——a single-cell layer)17. The work This in paragraph 1 refers toA phloemB inner barkC vascular cambiumD naked eye（主系表结构表语为名词时，表等同于主的另一种表达形式）8. The word them in the passage refers toA younger generationsB dataC AmericansD unmarried couples原文：2.8million of the nation’s households are unmarried couples, and one-third of them are caring for children, according to the Census Bureau.一个句子分成前后两个分句，后半句当中的代词指代的是前半句当中相对应位置的名词8. The word them in the passage refers toA younger generationsB dataC AmericansD unmarried couples2．平行结构A and B方法：并列的两个及物动词，第二个及物动词后的宾语代词指代的是第一个及物动词后的宾语名词原文：She treated building and site as integral halves of a single composition and merged them seamlessly.(merge:使…合并seamlessly:无缝地、流畅地)33. The word them in paragraph 3 refers toA modern methods and materialsB her projectsC building and siteD texture, pattern, and color3．非常规代词短语搭配：（one，another）原文：We also use it to move people and other objects as well as to change matter from one physical or chemical form to another.2. The word another in the passage refers toA currencyB energyC matterD form（from A that to B that）原文：In that one brilliant marketing ploy, Krelage changed the tulip from a flower that was carefully and individually displayed to one that was planted in mass beddings of beautiful color.(ploy: 策略、手段)3. The word one in paragraph 1 refers toA ployB tulipC flowerD color4．代词传递原文：They are not large iron dolls, although several have “heads” or “legs”.前句：Many of Smith’s sculptures are “totems” that suggest variations on the human figure.(totem: 图腾)4. The word several in paragraph 2 refers toA sculpturesB variationsC dollsD formsOG P60—118指代题解析P83 9.The word It in the passage refers toA the advent of projectionB the viewer’s relationship with the imageC a similar machineD celluloid原文：It suddenly became public—an experience…前句：With the advent of projection, the viewer’s relationship with the image was no longer…后一句主语指代前一句主语P92 5. The word they in the passage refers toA future explosionsB pent-up aggressive impulsesC outletsD indirect ways原文: They may be expressed toward…, or they may be …前句：Pent-up aggressive impulses demand outlets.代词传递，后句找前句P105 10. The word them in the passage refers toA workersB political party loyaltiesC disagreements over tacticsD agents of opportunity原文：For them, the factory and industrialism were not…前句：Workers were united in resenting the …P114 2. The word they in the passage refers toA qualitiesB finsC groovesD depressions原句：When not in use, the fins are tucked into special grooves or depressions so that they lie flush…同句后找前。