The Cross-cultural Adaptation of Western Literature----Setting Hamlet and the Banquet as an Example

西方经典文学在中国的跨文化改编：
以《哈姆雷特》与《夜宴》为例
摘要: 影视作品与大众媒体是文化习得的最大来源之一。

研究由西方文学改编的东方影视作品可发现对原著的解构重组，揭示跨文化改编中文化的碰撞、渗透与交融。

本文主要以西方经典《哈姆雷特》与由其改编的《夜宴》为例，从比较文学角度通过对两部作品的异同分析，以及从接受美学角度对不同文化背景观众读者对两者的评价分析，采用变异学中异质文明的沟通和对话的视角看待二者不同,挖掘跨民族文化交往中文学变异的事实。

关键词：哈姆雷特；夜宴；跨文化改编；比较文学；接受美学；文学变异The Cross-cultural Adaptation of Western Literature----Setting Hamlet and the Banquet as an Example
Abstract: Culture is learned, and films and mass media are the most influential in learning culture. The study on the Eastern film adapted from Western classic literature reveals the deconstruction and reconstruction of the original work, so as to verify the interaction of different cultures. By setting the example of Hamlet and The Banquet, the article analyzes the similarities and differences of the two works and the reflection of the audience with different cultural backgrounds towards them. At the end of the essay, regarding the differences from the perspective of variation studies in comparative literature, it will dig out the fact of variation occurring during the communication of different cultures.
Key words: Hamlet; The Banquet; intercultural adaptation; comparative literature; reception aesthetics; variation
The Cross-cultural Adaptation of Western Literature
----Setting Hamlet and the Banquet as an Example
1. Introduction
1.1 The current situation of the study of cross-cultural adaptation Cross-cultural adaptation is the product of the interaction of different cultures and a cultural phenomenon of globalization. Complicated as the reason and diverse as the forms of the cross-cultural adaptation may be, the scholars around the world try to conclude the concepts and classify the theories. In the recent decade, the research on the
cross-cultural adaptation has caused the worldwide repercussions among the theater theorists. (Zhu and Que, 2011) As the pioneer of cross-cultural adaptation theories, German theater theorist Erika Fischer-Lichte argues that the diverse development of the modern dramas is influenced by the performing practice of the interweaving cultures, which plays a dynamic role of the construction of the modernity. In China, the pioneer scholar, Professor He Chengzhou of Nanjing University, describes three modes of culture transference, and points out the importance of the audience‘s reflection in studying cross-cultural dramas.(He, 2009)
The research at present mainly focuses on the performances and the texts, less of which has paid attention to the acceptance and reflection of the audience and has studied it from the perspective of comparative literature.
1.2 Literature status and influence of Shakespeare‘s plays William Shakespeare is the greatest playwright in the world. His works are regarded as the treasure of mankind, which has be adapted into various forms of works of arts, such as the Disney cartoon King Lion, the modern romantic film Romeo and Julia, stage drama and so on. Since the first film adapted from King Lear in 1899, there have been more than 400 adapted works and more than 40 of them won Oscar or London Film Academy. (Liu, 2010)Among all the great works, Hamlet is the most renowned work with its complicated plot. Perhaps, no other character‘s name in Shakespeare‘s plays, and few in any other author‘s works, have been converted into a noun expressive of an attitude to life o r ―philosophy‖. The interpretations vary from different countries and nations. In France, Hamlet comes to be seen as a contemplative in pursuit of ideals, but trapped in a world demanding action, or a noble figure capable of action, but embittered and rendered ineffectual by his disgust with the world around him. In Russia, Hamlet became the exemplar of what Turgenev called the superfluous man..(Wells, 2002) The character itself, combined with the unique culture can have a variety of diverse meanings, let alone the outcome of the combination of the play and the native cultures. Except for the Bible, there is no such masterpiece of a writer that can influence and reflect the life of people in the West as Shakespeare did. Hamlet, in particular, reflects the realistic problems and ideological puzzles in England at。