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湖南省株洲市2013届高三教学质量统一检测试题(一)

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2024届湖南省株洲市高三上学期教学质量统一检测(一)语文试卷(含答案)

2024届湖南省株洲市高三上学期教学质量统一检测(一)语文试卷(含答案)

株洲市2024届高三年级教学质量统一检测（一）语文（本试卷共8页，23题，考试用时150分钟，全卷满分150分）注意事项：1．答题前，先将自己的姓名、准考证号写在试题卷和答题卡上，并将准考证条形码粘贴在答题卡上的指定位置。

2．选择题的作答：每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上相应题目的答案标号涂黑。

写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。

3．非选择题的作答：用签字笔直接答在答题卡上对应的答题区域内，写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。

4．考试结束后，将答题卡上交。

一、现代文阅读（35分）（一）现代文阅读Ⅰ（本题共5小题，17分）阅读下面的文字，完成1~5题。

真实：文学的第一天性真实是文学的第一天性，是文学创作的出发点。

文学的对象是人性和人的生存条件。

因此，文学的真实性最重要的是见证与呈现人性的真实性和生存条件的真实性。

伟大的作品总是深刻展示人性的复杂性与人生的巨大困境。

西方的莎士比亚和东方的曹雪芹这两位伟大作家都无与伦比地揭示了人性的丰富、复杂，和拥有对人类生存环境最深刻的认知。

他们笔下的人物，其性情性格，全都具有多重暗示，绝无简单化现象。

人物所处的环境，也都是复杂的多重冲突，父与子、母与子、丈夫与妻子、兄弟与姐妹、恋人与恋人，等等，他们在生存历程中所产生的自然悲剧（生老病死）、人为悲剧（人际关系所造成的冲突）、个体悲剧（情与欲、义与利等），相互交织，把人性的各个层面，展示得极为真实动人。

文学的真实性除了表现为展示于作品中的人性真实与环境真实之外，还特别表现在作家主体写作态度的真诚。

不欺骗读者，这对于作家来说，不仅是创作的思路，而且是创作的道德。

古往今来，一切不朽的经典，其生命力的密码就在这里。

超越：文学的第二天性文学的最高境界是超越现实功利、现实道德、现实视角，也超越现实时空的审美境界。

“超越”是指跳出经验世界而进入先验世界。

真实讲进入，超越讲跳出，两项加起来便是“入乎其中，出乎其外”。

湖南省株洲市2024-2024学年高三上学期教学质量统一检测(一)物理试题

湖南省株洲市2024-2024学年高三上学期教学质量统一检测(一)物理试题

湖南省株洲市2024-2024学年高三上学期教学质量统一检测（一）物理试题一、单选题 (共7题)第(1)题如图所示，在一对平行金属板MN、PQ加电压，两板间形成匀强电场，忽略边缘效应，两板边缘连线外面的电场忽略不计，电压按正弦规律变化，变化周期为T。

某时刻有一带电粒子沿两板间的中线以初速度为射入电场，经时间粒子离开电场。

则以下说法中正确的是（ ）A．粒子一定从O'点离开电场B．粒子离开电场时的速度一定大于C．粒子离开电场时的速度可能小于D．粒子在0~T内的位移一定等于在T~2T内的位移第(2)题图1是一辆正以速度v做匀速直线运动的自行车的车轮简化示意图，车轮边缘某点P（图中未画出）离水平地面高度h随自行车运动位移x的变化关系如图2所示，图中的L为已知量，则（ ）A．该车轮的直径为B．该车轮的转速为（转/每秒）C ．在位置，相对地面的速度为零D ．在位置，相对地面的速度为第(3)题2024年3月20日，我国“鹊桥二号”卫星发射成功，多次调整后进入周期为24h的环月椭圆轨道运行，并与在月球上开展探测任务的“嫦娥四号”进行通讯测试。

已知月球自转周期27.3天，下列说法正确的是（ ）A．月球处于“鹊桥二号”椭圆轨道的中心位置B．“鹊桥二号”在近月点和远月点的加速度大小相同C．“鹊桥二号”在远月点的运行速度小于月球第一宇宙速度D．“鹊桥二号”与月心连线和“嫦娥四号”与月心连线在相等时间内分别扫过的面积相等第(4)题2023年9月25日，中国年仅 15岁的小将陈烨在杭亚会滑板男子碗池决赛中夺冠。

图示为运动员陈烨在比赛中腾空越过障碍物，若忽略空气阻力，那么腾空过程中（ ）A．运动员始终处于超重状态B．运动员在最高点的加速度为零C．运动员所受重力的冲量一直变大D．运动员和滑板构成的系统动量守恒第(5)题如图甲所示，用传感器探究气体等温变化的规律，研究对象是注射器中的空气柱。

气体压强传感器通过塑料管与注射器相连，可以测得气体的压强p。

2024届湖南省株洲市高三上学期教学质量统一检测(一)(一模)英语试题

2024届湖南省株洲市高三上学期教学质量统一检测(一)(一模)英语试题

2024届湖南省株洲市高三上学期教学质量统一检测（一）（一模）英语试题学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________一、阅读理解The rising popularity of swimming hasn’t skipped by the Lake District—this beautiful national park is a hotspot for swimmers.Don’t miss these amazing swimming spots in the Lake District,perfect all year round.Haverigg BeachGreat for dog walking,Haverigg Beach is best enjoyed at a low tide so you and your family can make the most of the available space.The beach isn’t busy in the colder months,which makes it an ideal location for a spot of swimming.Blea TarnBlea Tarn is ideal for beginners or those who want a quiet swim.It is one of the easiest lakes to visit with two car parks.Blea Tarn is scenically impressive,especially in the colder months.Its otherworldly feel is best seen to be believed—it was even a filming destination for Netflix’s hit fantasy film The Witcher.Silecroft BeachSilecroft Beach sleeps at the edge of the Lake District National Park.This beach has excellent water quality and is Marine Conservation Society-recommended and it’s easy to see why.As well as being brilliantly looked after,the beach has accessible toilets,adequate parking,a local cafe and plenty of nearby pubs to warm up in after a dip in the water.St Bees BeachThis sand beach is a hidden diamond when it comes to striking Lake District views.St Bees Beach has two car parks available,plenty of cafes and restaurants and even a golf course!Dogs are also allowed here all year round.The impressive cliff face at the end of the beach makes for a brilliant view to swim towards and a sight you won’t soon forget.St Bees is England’s only cliff-nesting seabird colony!1．Which of the four spots was shot in a movie?A．Haverigg Beach.B．Blea Tarn.C．Silecroft Beach.D．St Bees Beach. 2．What is special about St Bees Beach?A．It is dog-friendly.B．It has car parks available.C．It has a cliff sight.D．It has the best water quality.3．What do the four spots have in common?A．They are located in the Lake District.B．They are sand beaches with restaurants.C．They are perfect for swimming beginners.D．They are recommended by MarineConservation Society.Sallows,the owner of a barbershop(理发店),designed a wheelchair-accessible barber chair, which was brought to reality by the engineers in the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center.They have developed the device that will help individuals with physical disabilities have a more tailored, comfortable and safe experience at the barbershop.“It’s a barber chair—that was the first concept,”said Sallows.“But now we are in the process of creating,developing,and applying new technologies for applications in multiple settings such as dentist chairs or stadium seats,”said Sallows.Sallows worked in a hospital as a certified therapist(治疗专家)for nearly20years.He enjoyed his career but decided to learn a trade.“I want something in the wheelhouse of therapists,”said Sallows.“I need something fulfilling,so I think barbering.”In one way,some may see it as a big career change,but Sallows says he is still a therapist.“I joke,I say I’ve gone from therapy to ‘hairapy’,”said Sallows.“Barbering gives me that therapeutic kind of environment that allows me to still talk.People know me as a therapist when they come in,not only as a barber,and so,just the conversations are really cool.”Sallows learned that a barbershop proved complex for clients in wheelchairs.Having one’s hair washed or getting a close shave often means being physically lifted out of the wheelchair and into a barber chair—an experience that is both difficult and embarrassing.So Sallows,with the help of the UPMC,has created the barber chair that lifts and tips a wheelchair back safely and comfortably.The user rolls onto the barber chair and is raised one or two feet,much like what one would see in a car shop.Sallows hopes that the device will provide clients with the kind of service people have come to appreciate at a barbershop.4．What is Sallows’s achievement?A．He was named as the best therapist.B．He became an engineer of the UPMC．C．He created tailored and comfortable dentist chairs.D．He designed a barber chair for the wheelchair-bound.5．Why did Sallows choose to work in barbering trade?A．He could talk to cool clients.B．He was eager to make a fortune.C．He could use his former experience.D．He wanted to start a different career. 6．Which of the following best describes Sallows?A．Cooperative and generous.B．Innovative and caring.C．Talented and competitive.D．Modest and competent.7．Which can be a suitable title for the text?A．A Tailored Cut B．A Flexible WheelchairC．A Skilled Barber D．A Special BarbershopThe book Yes Means Yes,Everything Else Means No,authored by an experienced decision strategist Bruce Mullen,is more than just a theoretical exploration of simplicity;it’s a practical guide to enhance decision-making skills.The goal of this book is not merely to promote the philosophy but to equip readers with the tools they need to carry it out effectively.From techniques to prioritize tasks to methods for removing distractions,the book offers a comprehensive toolkit for simplifying the decision-making process.In a world where indecisiveness often leads to confusion and missed opportunities,the book’s philosophy distinguishes between a decisive“Yes”and a clear“No”.At its essence,this title encourages readers to grasp the power of conviction and the art of clear choices.The book urges us to channel our energies into the positive‘Yes’and decrease our efforts with undecided commitments.Author Bruce Mullen’s journey began with a conversation with his brother,causing a serious reflection that gave rise to a philosophy centered around simplicity.Titled“Yes Means Yes, Everything Else Means No”,this guiding principle explores the importance of decisions in one’s life.Through his personal experiences,Mullen determined the power of simplification,directinghim to decisions harmonizing with his core values and ambitions.Beyond individual context,this book extends its reach,influencing business strategies,relationship dynamics,and societal considerations.Mullen’s exploration into the essence of the phrase not only drew parallels to the legal‘Yes Means Yes’principle but also emphasized the significance of clear intention in negotiating life’s crossroads.Yes Means Yes,Everything Else Means No is more than a book;it’s a philosophy that can revolutionize how we approach decisions.Rooted in the simplicity of its title,the book briefs the essence of purposeful decision-making.It offers a set of tools to take apart complexity and embrace the power of confirmation and decisive negation.For those who seek to live a life with clarity and purpose,this book is a guiding light in the fog of indecision.8．What is the book aimed at?A．Teaching strategy theories.B．Solving philosophical problems.C．Empowering readers with decision-making skills.D．Equipping readers with techniques to simplify life.9．What does the underlined word“conviction”in Paragraph2mean?A．Doubt.B．Speech.C．Certainty.D．Action. 10．What is the inspiration for Mullen’s philosophy of simplicity?A．A family talk.B．A hard decision.C．A painful lesson.D．A sudden thought. 11．What does the author think of Mullen’s book?A．Serious and daring.B．Inclusive and practical.C．Objective and humorous.D．Plain and straightforward.Moon dust is the absolute worst.Not only does electrostatics(静电)cause it to stick to virtually everything,but it also has the consistency and feel of finely ground fiberglass.It was a genuine problem for the six Apollo crews who visited the moon’s surface—moon dust covered their suits,worked their way into engines and electronics,and even ruined a few of their extremely expensive spacesuits.These are all serious issues to consider ahead of NASA’S planned return to the moon’s surface in2025,but a team of college undergraduates at Washington State University just developed a solution to moon dust—spraying liquid nitrogen(氮)onto moon dust.The teamdeveloped a new spray that takes advantage of the Leidenfrost d after its discoverer, an18th-century German doctor Johann Gottlob Leidenfrost,it occurs when a liquid comes into close contact with a significantly hotter surface,causing it to quickly form a protective layer of vapor(蒸汽)that briefly keeps it from evaporating,such as when water forms into drops and runs across a very hot frying nan.The same principle works similarly in space.In this case,a liquid nitrogen spray(typically around-320℉)comes into contact with a surface’s relatively warmer lunar dust coating,causing the particles to turn into things like drops and float away on the nitrogen vapors.To test their spray,the research team first dressed a Barbie doll wrapped with a material used to make spacesuits.They then sprayed it with liquid nitrogen in a normal atmospheric condition as well as the circumstances similar to outer space.Not only did the liquid nitrogen spray perform better in the latter circumstances,but also it only resulted in minimal damage to the spacesuit material.In past lunar missions,astronauts’specialized brushes for the moon dust task often caused damage to spacesuits after a single use.In comparison,the liquid nitrogen spray took75 uses before similar issues occurred.Going forward,the team hopes to further research the complexity that makes the cleaning process so effective,as well as secure funding to construct testing rooms more closely resembling the lunar surface’s gravity.With any luck,maybe a can of their Moon-Dust-Gone will be aboard a future Artemis mission,ready to help astronauts avoid one of the lunar surface’s annoying things. 12．Why does the author mention“Apollo”in the first paragraph?A．To prove moon dust is a real headache.B．To compare past and present moon programs.C．To show the achievements in moon exploration.D．To offer readers insights into the Apollo program.13．What does the underlined word“particles”in Paragraph2refer to?A．Liquid waste.B．Moon dust.C．Nitrogen spray.D．Protective coating. 14．What did the research team find about their spray in Paragraph3?A．It belonged to single-use items for astronauts.B．It performed better in normal atmospheric conditions.C．It increased the strength of the material of spacesuits.D．It protected spacesuits better compared with the brush.15．What may the follow-up research of the spray focus on?A．Test subjects.B．Complex lunar surface.C．Other applications.D．Reasons for efficient cleaning.One might hope that children’s capacity for boredom would be matched by an appetite for all things new—If only parenting were so easy.16Here are expert-approved tips on how to get your kids to attempt new things without frightening them off.Start with what they know.Take something your kids already like or are good at,and push them to try it in a new environment or a slightly different way.If you want your kids to feel confident about their strengths and use that as a springboard to try something new,think:17 How can you help them advance in that?There is no need to learn a new thing—you just create an opportunity to push your kids to try something new with the skill they know.Make a list.Ask your children what new things they want to try out or have them write a list. Help them figure out what it is that they are worried about when they avoid new things.18 It’s a way to help them feel in charge of their emotions and understand the connection between thoughts and actions.19You should both recognize your children’s fears and express certainty that they can handle the task.It is important to project confidence in your children.Say you believe they have capacity to handle those challenges and tolerate the discomfort or worries or negative feelings that might come along with doing new or scary things.Consider if they are doing enough.You should also do some reflecting of your own.Do your children really need to try tofu or martial arts?If your kids are functioning overall,they are doing the basics and they have some friends,then be encouraging.20Sometimes doing that stops you from focusing on the things they are doing.A．Sympathize and encourage.B．Be tolerant and open-minded.C．What are your kids comfortable with?D．Why are your kids fascinated by new things?E．Don’t overstress on everything they are not doing.F．Sometimes the act of identifying and naming fears can help decrease them.G．Trying new things is difficult for many children,whether a different food or skill.二、完形填空Washing windows was the worst chore for Maddie.As she did it,she noticed her21 Mr.Valdez pressing his knees with a rake(耙子)lying beside him.“How are you?”“Well,Maddie.”Mr.Valdez answered.“But raking leaves is the22chore for me.”“I’ll rake them for you first and finish washing my windows later.”Maddie23.She enjoyed building piles of golden leaves,24the grass and making the yard look like a freshly swept carpet.Truly appreciating her help,Mr.Valdez25Maddie the rake and went to see Mrs.Iguchi across the street.Maddie raked,piled and bagged all leaves.“I have to go back to do my windows.”She thought,turned toward her house and then stopped in26.Tom,the teenage boy living nearby,was washing her windows!Before she expressed her27to Tom,Mr.Valdez entered with Mrs.Iguchi.“I can explain.When I visited Mrs.Iguchi,she was28 peeling(去皮)potatoes,so I volunteered.I like making the potato peelings into long curly shapes.”Maddie looked puzzled,still29how peeling potatoes could have turned into washing windows.Mrs.Iguchi continued the30.She said she31to do her favorite—cleaning the carpet at Tom’s house when borrowing dustpans.When Tom asked what could be done for her,she couldn’t32any chores but only remembered Mr.Valdez had mentioned Maddie’s windows weren’t getting33because she was raking his leaves.Tom added,“Nothing is more pleasant than seeing the34glass shine in the sun.”What a neighborhood chore chain!Everyone gets a favorite and returns a35. 21．A．gardener B．cleaner C．neighbor D．colleague 22．A．hardest B．tiniest C．latest D．earliest 23．A．indicated B．hesitated C．resisted D．volunteered 24．A．cutting B．watering C．uncovering D．planting 25．A．handed B．bought C．returned D．displayed26．A．sorrow B．delight C．fright D．surprise 27．A．gratitude B．doubt C．concern D．disapproval 28．A．unwillingly B．hopefully C．excitedly D．aimlessly 29．A．understanding B．wondering C．stating D．showing 30．A．broadcast B．persistence C．observation D．explanation 31．A．appeared B．refused C．happened D．pretended 32．A．think of B．set aside C．put off D．take up 33．A．changed B．repaired C．washed D．decorated 34．A．valuable B．spotless C．previous D．colorful 35．A．call B．greeting C．profit D．favor三、语法填空阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

2013年高考英语试题-湖南卷[Word校对版]2013年高考英语试题-湖南卷[Word校对版]

2013年高考英语试题-湖南卷[Word校对版]2013年高考英语试题-湖南卷[Word校对版]

2013年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(湖南卷)英语PartⅠListening Comprehension (30 marks)Section A(22.5 marks)Directions: In this section, you will hear six conversations between two speakers. For each conversation, there are several questions and each question is followed by three choices marked A, B and C. Listen carefully and then choose the best answer for each question.You will hear each conversation TWICE.Conversation 11. Where is the man going?A. Kennedy.B. London.C. New York.2. When should the man arrive at the airport?A. By 8:15.B. By 9:00.C. By 9:25.Conversation 23. What is the woman doing?A. Taking a taxi.B. Doing shopping.C. Waiting for the man.4. Where are the two speakers going to meet?A. At home.B. In a shop.C. In a restaurant.Conversation 35. What is the woman looking for?A. A pan.B. Carrots.C. Tomatoes.6. What will the speakers probably have tonight?A. French fries.B. Noodles.C. Fried chicken.Conversation 47. What will the project focus on?A. A dog.B. A fish.C. A cat.8. What can we know about John?A. He has conducted the survey.B. He is making cards now.C. He will do the introduction.9. Who can handle the summarizing?A. Carol.B. Tom.C. Mary.Conversation 510. What can we know about the woman’s vacation?A. She will stay on the beaches.B. She will go camping in the jungle.C. She will spend 3 weeks in South Africa.11. Which does the woman need to bring?A. A map.B. A tent.C. Some clothes.12. Who will prepare the meals?A. The man.B. The guide.C. The woman.Conversation 613. What are the two speakers doing?A. Discussing a lecture.B. Visiting a museum.C. Attending a party.14. Which job has Jane applied for?A. Salesgirl.B. Waitress.C. Volunteer.15. What is the probable relationship between the two speakers?A. Teacher and student.B. Father and daughter.C. Classmates.Section B (7.5 marks)Directions: In this section, you will hear a short passage. Listen carefully and then fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard. Fill in each blank with NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS.You will hear the short passage TWICE.Part II Language Knowledge (45 marks)Section A(15 marks)Directions: For each of the following unfinished sentences there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence.Example:The wild flowers looked like a soft orange blanket the desertA.coveringB.coveredC.coverD.to coverThe answer is A.21. Happiness and success often come to those ________ are good at recognizing their own strengths.A. whomB. whoC. whatD. which22. “What do you want to be?” asked Mrs. Crawford. “Oh, I ________ president,” said the boy, with a smile.A. have beenB. amC. wasD. will be23. You must learn to consult your feelings and your reason ________ you reach any decision.A. althoughB. beforeC. becauseD. unless24. Around two o’clock every night, Sue will start talking in her dream. It somewhat ________ us.A. bothersB. had botheredC. would botherD. bothered25. The sun began to rise in the sky, ________ the mountain in golden light.A. bathedB. bathingC. to have bathedD. have bathed26. If nothing ________, the oceans will turn into fish deserts.A. doesB. had been doneC. will doD. is done27. — Have you heard about the recent election?— Sure, it ________ the only thing on the news for the last three days.A. would beB. isC. has beenD. will be28. Do not let any failures discourage you, for you can never tell ________ close you may be to victory.A. howB. thatC. whichD. where29. You cannot accept an opinion ________ to you unless it is based on facts.A. offeringB. to offerC. having offeredD. offered30. Every day ________ a proverb aloud several times until you have it memorized.A. readB. readingC. to readD. reads31. ________ warm at night, I would fill the woodstove, then set my alarm clock for midnight so I could refill it.A. StayingB. StayedC. To stayD. Stay32. He ________ sleep, although he tried to, when he got on such a hunt for an idea until he had caught it.A. wouldn’tB. shouldn’tC. couldn’tD. mustn’t33. The university estimates that living expenses for international students ________ around $8,450 a year, which ________ a burden for some of them.A. are；isB. are；areC. is；areD. is；is34. — I don’t understand why you didn’t go to the lecture yesterday afternoon.—I’m so sorry.But I my homework.A.had doneB. was doingC. would doD. am doing35. Not once ________ to Michael that he could one day become a top student in his class.A. occurred itB. it did occurC. it occurredD. did it occurSection B (18 marks)Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.When I was 8 years old, I once decided to run away from home. With my suitcase 36 and some sandwiches in a bag, I started for the front door and said to Mom, “I’m leaving.”“If you want to 37 , that’s all right,”she said. “But you came into this home without anything and you can leave the same way.”I 38 my suitcase and sandwiches on the floor heavily and started for the door again.“Wait a minute,” Mom said. “I want your 39 back. You didn’t wear anything when you arrived.”This really angered me. I tore my clothes off—shoes, socks, underwear and all—and 40 , “Can I go now?”“Yes,”Mom answered, “but once you close that door, don’t expect to come back.”I was so 41 that I slammed (砰地关上) the door and stepped out on the front porch.42 I realized that I was outside, with nothing on. Then I noticed that down the street, two neighbor girls were walking toward our house. I ran to 43 behind a big tree in our yard at once. After a while, I was 44 the girls had passed by. I dashed to the front door and banged on it loudly.“Who’s there?” I heard.“It’s Billy! Let me in!”The voice behind the 45 answered, “Billy doesn’t live here anymore. He ran away from home.” Glancing behind me to see if anyone else was coming, I begged, “Aw, c’mon, Mom! I’m 46 your son. Let me in!”The door inched open and Mom’s smiling face appeared. “Did you change your 47 about running away?” she asked.“What’s for supper?” I answered. (277 words)36. A. packed B. returned C. cleaned D. repaired37. A. drop out B. go by C. move around D. run away38. A. pressed B. shook C. threw D. pulled39. A. bag B. clothes C. sandwiches D. suitcase40. A. explained B. suggested C. continued D. shouted41. A. angry B. sorry C. frightened D. ashamed42. A. Certainly B. Naturally C. Suddenly D. Possibly43. A. play B. bide C. rest D. wave44. A. sure B. proud C. eager D. curious45. A. house B. tree C. door D. yard46. A. also B. still C. even D. already47. A. conclusion B. promise C. concern D. decisionSection C (12 marks)Directions: Complete the following passage by filling in each blank with one word that best fits the context.When kids in parts of the world want to play, they often make soccer balls out of trash tied together with string. “48 the areas used for playing fields are often rough and rocky, millions of real balls go flat (变瘪) 49 24 hours,”says Tim Jahnigen, a California businessman. Determined to solve this problem, 50 created an indestructible ball called the One World Futbol.The ball is made of 51 special material, ethylene-vinyl acetate foam. It’s lightweight, it’s flexible, and—52 important—it holds its shape.The One World Futbol needs no pump 53 won’t wear out, even on rough surfaces. When tested, 54 withstood (经受住) being crushed by a car, and even being chewed on by a lion.Although it costs more to produce 55 a typical soccer ball, Jahnigen estimates the One World Futbol can last 30 years. So far, it’s been given to kids in 143 countries. (154 words)Part III Reading Comprehension (30 marks)Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage.APlanning a visit to the UK? Here we help with ways to cut your costs.A VOID BIG EVENTS Big sporting events, concerts and exhibitions can increase the cost of accommodation and make it harder to find a room. A standard double room at the ThistleBrighton on the final Friday of the Brighton Comedy Festival (19 Oct.) cost £169.15 at . A week later, the same room cost £118.15.If you can be flexible and want to know dates to avoid—or you’re looking for a big event to pass your time—check out sites such as , which allow you to search for events in the UK by city, date and category.STAYAW AY FROM THE STATION If traveling to your destination by train, you may want to find a good base close to the station, but you could end up paying more for the sake of convenience at the start of your holiday.Don’t be too choosy about the part of town you stay in. Booking two months in advance, the cheapest room at Travelodge’s Central Euston hotel in London for Saturday 22 September was £95.95. A room just a tube journey away at its Covent Garden hotel was £75.75. And at Farringdon, a double room cost just £62.95.LOOK AFTER YOURSELF Really central hotels in cities such as London, Edinburgh and Cardiff can cost a fortune, especially at weekends and during big events. As an alternative consider checking into a self-catering flat with its own kitchen. Often these flats are hidden away on the top floors of city centre buildings. A great example is the historic O’Neill Flat on Edinburgh’s Royal Mile, available for £420 for five days in late September, with room for four adults.GET ON A BIKE London’s ‘Boris bikes’ have attracted the most attention, but other cities also have similar programmes that let you rent a bicycle and explore at your own pace, saving you on public transport or car parking costs.Among the smaller cities with their own programmes are Newcastle (casual members pay around £1.50 for two hours) and Cardiff (free for up to 30 minutes, or £5 per day). (358 words)56. The Brighton Comedy Festival is mentioned mainly to show big events may __________.A. help travelers pass timeB. attract lots of travelers to the UKC. allow travelers to make flexible plansD. cause travelers to pay more for accommodation57. “Farringdon” in Paragraph 5 is most probably __________.A. a hotel away from the train stationB. the tube line to Covent GardenC. an ideal holiday destinationD. the name of a travel agency58. The passage shows that the O’Neill Flat __________.A. lies on the ground floorB. is located in central LondonC. provides cooking facilities for touristsD. costs over £100 on average per day in lateSeptember59. Cardiff’s program allows a free bike for a maximum period of __________.A. half an hourB. one hourC. one hour and a halfD. two hours60. The main purpose of the passage is __________.A. to tell visitors how to book in advanceB. to supply visitors with hotel informationC. to show visitors the importance of self-helpD. to offer visitors some money-saving tipsBIn my living room, there is a plaque (匾) that advises me to “Bloom (开花) where you are planted.”It reminds me of Dorothy. I got to know Dorothy in the early 1980s, when I was teaching Early Childhood Development through a program with Union College in Barbourville, Kentucky. The job responsibilities required occasional visits to the classroom of each teacher in the program. Dorothy stands out in my memory as one who “bloomed” in her remote area.Dorothy taught in a school In Harlan County, Kentucky, Appalachian Mountain area. To get to her school from the town of Harlan, I followed a road winding around the mountain. In the eight-mile journey, I crossed the same railroad track five times, giving the possibility of getting caught by the same train five times. Rather than feeling excited by this drive through the mountains, I found it depressing. The poverty level was shocking and the small shabby houses gave me the greatest feeling of hopelessness.From the moment of my arrival at the little school, all gloom (忧郁) disappeared. Upon arriving at Dorothy’s classroom. I was greeted with smiling faces and treated like a queen. The children had been prepared to show me their latest projects. Dorothy told me with a big smile that they were serving poke greens salad and cornbread for “dinner” (lunch). In case you don’t know, poke greens are a weed-type plant that grows wild, especially on poor ground.Dorothy never ran out of reports of exciting activities of her students. Her enthusiasm never cooled down. When it came time to sit for the testing and interviewing required to receive her Child Development Associate Certification, Dorothy was ready. She came to the assessment and passed in all areas. Afterward, she invited me to the one-and-only steak house in the area to celebrate her victory, as if she had received her Ph. D. degree. After the meal, she placed a little box containing an old pen in my hand. She said it was a family heirloom (传家宝), but to me it is a treasured symbol of appreciation and pride that cannot be matched with things. (360 words)61. “Early Childhood Development” in Paragraph 1 refers to __________.A. a program directed by DorothyB. a course given by the authorC. an activity held by the studentsD. an organization sponsored by Union college62. In the journey, the author was most disappointed at seeing __________.A. the long trackB. the poor housesC. the same trainD. the winding road63. Upon arriving at the classroom, the author was cheered up by __________.A. a warm welcomeB. the sight of poke greensC. Dorothy’s latest projectsD. a big dinner made for her64. What can we know about Dorothy from the last paragraph?A. She was invited to a celebration at a restaurant.B. She got a pen as a gift from the author.C. She passed the required assessment.D. She received her Ph. D. degree.65. What does the author mainly intend to tell us?A. Whatever you do, you must do it carefully.B. Whoever you are, you deserve equal treatment.C. However poor you are, you have the right to education,D. Wherever you are, you can accomplish your achievement.CIt’s such a happy-looking library, painted yellow, decorated with palm-tree stickers and sheltered from the Florida sun by its own roof. About the size of a microwave oven, it’s pedestrian-friendly, too, waiting for book lovers next to a sidewalk in Palm Beach country Estates, along the northern boundary of Palm Beach Gardens.It’s a library built with love.A year ago, shortly after Janey Henriksen saw a Brian Williams report about the Little Free Library organization, a Wisconsin-based nonprofit that aims to promote literacy and build a sense of community in a neighborhood by making books freely available, she announced to her family of four, “That’s what we’re going to do for our spring break!”Son Austin, now a 10th-grader, didn’t see the point of building a library that resembles a mailbox. But Janey insisted, and husband Peter unwillingly got to work. The 51-year-old owner of a ship supply company modified a small wooden house that he’d built years earlier for daughter Abbie’s toy horses, and made a door of glass.After adding the library’s final touches (装点), the family hung a signboard on the front, instructing users to “take a book, return a book,” and making the Henriksen library, now one of several hundred like it nationwide and among more than 2,500 in the world, the only Little Free Library in Palm Beach County.They stocked it with 20 or so books they’d already read, a mix of science fiction, reference titles, novels and kids’ favorites. “I told them, keep in mind that you might not see it again,” said Janey, a stay-at-home mom.Since then, the collection keeps replenishing (补充) itself, thanks to ongoing donations from borrowers. The library now gets an average of five visits a day.The project’s best payoff, says Peter, are the thank-you notes left behind. “We had no idea in the beginning that it would be so popular.”(317 words)66. In what way is the library “pedestrian-friendly”?A. It owns a yellow roof.B. It stands near a sidewalk.C. It protects book lovers from the sun.D. It uses palm-tree stickers as decorations.67. Janey got the idea to build a library from __________.A. a visit to Brian WilliamsB. a spring break with her familyC. a book sent by one of her neighborsD. a report on a Wisconsin-based organization68. The library was built __________.A. by a ship supply companyB. on the basis of toy horsesC. like a mailboxD. with glass69. What can we infer about the signboard?A. It was made by a user of the library.B. It marked a final touch to the library.C. It aimed at making the library last long.D. It indicated the library was a family property.70. The passage tells us that the users __________.A. donate books to the libraryB. get paid to collect books for the libraryC. receive thank-you notes for using the libraryD. visit the library over 5 times on average dailyPart IV Writing (45 marks)Section A (10 marks)Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in the numbered blanks by using the information from the passage.Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.While there is no widely accepted definition of MOOCs, their key features are open access：they are currently free to participants, no entry qualifications are required, they support an unlimited number of participants and as yet, very few include any form of accreditation (认证).Currently offered by some famous universities, MOOCs are attractive to people who do not have the financial resources to meet the growing costs of university education, or who do not have formal qualifications. They also allow participants to study at their own pace.The potential for MOOCs to deliver education is obviously vast—they could be considered as a huge step forwards in widening participation. They also have the potential to provide a unique window on universities that offer popular and valuable courses, they may attract some participants to register for formal fee-paying programmes at the same or other universities and are likely to promote new ways of on-line education.However, it is still very early days for MOOCs. The quality of the education provision is highly variable, with many courses offering only recordings of lectures, and delivery is particularly difficult in some special fields that require practical classes, research projects or extensive library access. Besides, wider engagement with participants requires very considerable resource. Even limited feedback or examination becomes a major task if there are several thousand students in the class.Considering the challenges, some people argue MOOCs will soon evaporate (蒸发). But they certainly provide good opportunity for widening higher education, are a means of raising awareness of universities to audiences of tens or hundreds of thousands, and are well worthy ofserious consideration. (271 words)71.MOOCs 72.no requirement73.cannot afford 74.no formal qualifications75.potentials 76.providing77.Challenges 78.particularly difficult delivery79.evaporating 80.consideringSection B (10 marks)Directions: Read the following passage. Answer the questions according to the information given in the passage.“Let’s Talk”：The Free Advice ProjectA few weeks ago, I took a walk around Washington Square Park. I met all the usual people：street performers, the Pigeon Guy, a group of guitarists singing in harmony. But off to the side, sitting on a bench was a woman doing something vastly different—giving free advice.A week or two later, I set up an interview with her and we discussed her project at length.Lisa Podell, 32, started the Free Advice Project this past May. It began as an experiment；she sat in Washington Square Park for a day with a sign that read “Free Advice” as a simple way to reach out to people. Podell was astonished at the strong response.Podell admits that she was doubtful at first, but now she describes the project as mutually (相互地) beneficial. People learn from her—but she also learns from them. She says that the majority of those who come to her are dealing with some pretty heavy issues, and they expect her not only to listen, but also provide real answers.Having worked as a full time teacher and now as an adolescent advisor, Podell believes that talking things out is an important in the decision-making process.Sometimes, people walk around all day, keeping their problems in their own head and thinking about them in the same way. Podell simply strives to provide people with perspective.I asked if there is a future plan for the Free Advice Project. Podell said she would like to promote it to each public space in New York, which would be carried out by various volunteers across the city.It was truly inspiring to meet someone with such a big heart, especially in New York—where it is sometimes very hard to find anybody to listen. (303 words)81. In what way was Podell different from other people in the park? (No more than 6 words) (2 marks)_______________________________________________________________________________ ____82. What do people in need expect Podell to do? (No more than 10 words) (3 marks)_______________________________________________________________________________ ____83. According to Podell, what should people do when making decisions?(No more than 6 words) (2 marks)____________________________________________________________________________ _______84. How would Podell promote her project in New York? (No more than 15 words) (3 marks)_______________________________________________________________________________ ____Section C (25 marks)Directions: Write an English composition according to the instructions given below.请以下列词语为关键词写一篇英语短文。

湖南省2013届高三

湖南省2013届高三

湖南省2013届高三•十二校联考第一次考试语文试卷150分时量:150分钟总分:2013年3月9日14：00?17:00考试时间：得分:______一、语言文字运用（12分，每小题3分）1. 下列成语或短语中，字形和加点字读音的全都正确的一项是A.共商国是暗度陈仓暴殄天物（tiǎn）斗转参横（shēng）钟灵毓秀（yù）B优柔寡断鸠占鹊巢东殄骀荡（dài）乳臭未干（chòu）纤尘不染（xiān）C. 一幅对联隔靴搔痒栉风沐雨（z hì）日臻完善（zhēn）舐犊情深（shì）D 稗官野史明火执杖参虎作伥（chāng）佶屈聱牙（jí）俾众周知（bǐ）2. 下列各句中，加点的成语使用正确的一项是A. 文章生动细致地描写了小麻雀的外形、动作和神情，并在叙述和描写中，倾注着强烈的感情，读来楚楚动人，深感震撼。

B. 在那个完全没有社会保障制度的旧时代，张大伯因无儿无女，晚年穷困潦倒，衣食无着，到头来只落得个马革裹尸的结局。

C今年初，上海鲜牛奶市场燃起竞相降价的烽火，销售价格一路走低甚至低于成本，这对消费者来说倒正好可以火中取栗。

D. 《天香》写一个上海士绅家族几代人声色犬马的生活，并引出其女眷所习的“天香园绣”，是流传沪上的又一“传奇”。

3. 下列句子中，没有语病殄的一项是A. 对于那些指责这一学说缺乏理论支持、说它不以实验而以先验方式作一般性推理的人，这表明他们对这一学说缺乏深人认识，还没有掌握其精髓。

B. 学生冒雨为撑伞的领导表演节目、在阳光底下暴晒夹道欢迎领导的事件时有发生，我们的教育者要深刻反思这些事情是由于什么深层原因所造成的。

C异地高考是一项有利于打破教育地域特权、维护社会公正的改革，它不仅免去了部分考生的奔波之苦，更可以消除当前高考带彳度中蕴含的户籍歧视。

D.蛇年春晚主持阵容打破了惯常的“三男三女”组合模式，改用“四男两女”组合，刻意拉大了主持人的年龄跨度和风格搭配，亦庄亦谐，新颖活泼。

2013年上学期三校联考语文试卷

2013年上学期三校联考语文试卷

绝密★启用前2013年株洲市三校联合质量检测语文试卷时量：120分钟满分：100分一．积累与运用（共20分）（一）单项选择题（共8分，每小题2分）1．下列词语中加点字的注音全对．．的一项是（）A．毗．邻（pí）粗犷．（guǎng）形骸．（hái）叱咤．风云（zhà）B．纤．维（xiān）校．对（jiào）眼睑．（liǎn）戛．然而止（jiá）C．哺．育（bǔ）扉．页（fēi）溺．爱（nì）提纲挈．领（qì）D．庇．佑（pì）枢．纽（shū）贮．藏（zhù）瞠．目结舌（chēng）2．下列词语中没有错别字．．．．．的一项是（）A．推祟巧妙绝伦慈详墨守成规B．松弛因地治宜教诲开门缉盗C．急燥按部就班气慨不径而走D．寒暄相形见绌赃物山清水秀3．选择合适的句子填入下列横线上。

（）假如，你嫌这里太朴素了，就在墙边种上一行竹。

_________；_________；有雨，给你平添一番清凉；有雪，那是你清寂中的佳友。

即使无风无月，无雨无雪，竹影微动，也令人心旷神怡。

A．有月，你可以欣赏它婆娑的舞姿；有风，你可以领略窗上迷离的竹影。

B．有风，你可以欣赏它婆娑的舞姿；有月，你可以领略窗上迷离的竹影。

C．有月，你可以领略窗上迷离的竹影；有风；你可以欣赏它婆娑的舞姿。

D．有风，你可以领略窗上迷离的竹影；有月；你可以欣赏它婆娑的舞姿。

4．下列句子没有语病．．．．的一句是（）A．今晚天空月圆如镜，繁星满天，多美的夜景啊！B．能否根治中小学生沉迷网上聊天和网络游戏的“顽症”，是保证青少年健康成长的条件之一。

C．通过这次日本大地震造成的核泄漏事故，我们充分认识到盲目修建核电站存在的隐患。

D．天色晚了，自行车没修好，修车的急坏了。

（二）按原文默写。

（每空1分，共6分）5．①几处早莺争暖树，。

②，一览众山小。

③但愿人长久，。

④了却君王天下事，。

湖南省株洲县第三中学2013届高三模拟考试英语试题Word版含答案

湖南省株洲县第三中学2013届高三模拟考试英语试题Word版含答案

株洲县第三中学2013届高三模拟考试英语试题2012.12.27 班级：姓名：Part I Listening comprehension (30 marks)Section A (22.5 marks)Directions: In this section, you will hear six conversations between two speakers. For each conversation, there are several questions and each question is followed by three choices marked A, B, and C. Listen carefully and choose the best answer for each question.Conversation 11. Who use the car this morning?A. The sonB. The auntC. The mother2. Where are the keys found?A. In the purseB. In the pocket D. In the drawer.Conversation 23. Which of the following is true about the man?A. He borrowed some money.B. He is caught in the trafficC. He will meet his teacher.4. How is the man going home?A. By train.B. By bus.C. By taxi.Conversation 35. When was the party held?A. In the morning.B. In the afternoon.C. In the evening.6. Why didn’t the woman go to the party?A. She didn’t feel well.B. She didn’t have the time.C. She didn’t get an invitation. Conversation 47. What does the man want to buy?A. A camera.B. A mobile phone.C. A music player.8. Which of the following does the man choose?A. The PE310.B. The RT230.C. The FG160.9. How much does the man pay?A. $300.B. $270.C. $100.Conversation 510. What is the woman?A. A dress designer.B. A basketball player.C. A headmaster.11. What do we know about the man’s travel plan?A. He’s going by air.B. He’s leaving for Paris.C. He’s arriving this afternoon.12. Who is going to pick up the man?A. The woman’s son.B. The woman’s brother.C. The woman herself. Conversation 613. What is the man doing now?A. Looking for a job.B. Studying in a university.C. Teaching at a high school.14. What kind of movie does the man like best?A. Adventure.B. Comedy.C. Drama.15. Where are the speakers going first?A. The supermarket.B. The cinema.C. The café.Section B (7.5 marks)Directions: In this section, you will hear a short passage. Listen carefully and then fill in the numbered blankswith the information you have heard. Fill in each blank with no more than three words.Part II Language knowledge (45 points)Section A (15 marks)Directions: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices markedA,B, C and D. Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence.21. The ability _________ an idea is as important as the idea itself. A. expressing B. expressed C. to express D. to be expressed 22. —John, what __________ in your hand? —Lo ok, it’s a birthday gift for my grandma. A. had you held B. are you holding C. do you hold D. will you hold 23. The players _____ from the whole country are expected to bring us honor in this summer games. A. selecting B. to select C. selected D. having selected 24. I knew that ______ would ever discourage him; he would never give up wanting to be a director. A. something B. anything C. everything D. nothing 25. Julie was good at German, French and Russian, all of ______ she spoke frequently. A. who B. whom C. which D. that 26. One third of the country _____ covered with trees and the majority of the citizens ______ black people. A. is; are B. is; is C. are; are D. are; is 27. In 1942, Columbus ________ on one of the Bahama Islands, but he mistook it for an island off India. A. landed B. lands C. has landed D. had landed 28. —No one _______ be compared with Yao Ming in playing basketball. —Oh, you’re really his big fan. A. can B. need C. must D. might 29. Do you wake up every morning _______ energetic and ready to start a new day? A. feel B. to feel C. feeling D. felt 30. It is the most instructive lecture that I _______ since I came to this school. A. attended B. had attended C. are attending D. have attended 31. Before a problem can be solved, it must be obvious _______ the problem itself is. A. what B. that C. which D. why 32. Only after they had discussed the matter for several hours ________ a discussion. A. they reached B. did they reach C. they reach D. do they reach 33. Jack wasn’t saying anything, but the teacher smiled at him _______ he had done something very clever. A. as if B. in case C. while D. though 34. In the near future, more advances in the robot technology ________ by scientists. A. are making B. are made C. will make D. will be made 35. It’s not what we do once in a while ________ shapes our lives, but we do consistently. A. which B. that C. how D. whenEssay competition introduction: Topic: My Ideal City Questions Example or requirements Location Near the sea, 16 , or on an island 17 Depending on your own choice Features Mountains to make it 18 , or the fastest train in the world 19 No less than 3 pointsPrize: A free trip to Europe for a stay of 20Section B(18marks)Directlons:For each blank in the following passage there are four wordes or phrases marked A,B,Cand D.fill in each blank,with the word or phrase that best fits the context.I read of a man who was involved in a terrible accident. He lost both legs and his 36 arm and only a finger and 37 remained on the right hand. There was only enough left of the man that had been, to suffer and remember.But he still possessed a brilliant 38 , enriched with a good education and broadened with world travel.39 he thought there was nothing he could do but remain a 40 sufferer.Then a thought came to him. It was always nice to receive letters, but why not write 41 --he could still use his right hand with some 42 . But whom could he write to? Was there anyone like him who could be 43 by his letters? He thought of men in prison. Though kept in small dark cells(牢房), they did have some hope of being set free earlier, yet some had none. It was worth a try. He supposed they might need him.He wrote to a Christian organization concerned with prison ministry. He was told that his letters could not be answered—it was against prison rules, but he 44 this one-sided correspondence(通信).He wrote twice a week and into those letters he put his whole soul, all his experience, all his faith, and all his Christian optimism. It must have been hard writing those letters, often in pain, and 45 when there was no reply.Frequently he felt discouraged and wanted to give it up. But it was his one 46 activity and he determined to continue as long as he could.At last he got a letter. It was very short, written by the officer whose duty was to examine the mail. All it said was: “Please write on the best paper you can afford. Your letters are passed from 47 till they fall to pieces.”No matter what our personal situation is, we still have God-given gifts and talents, experience, and encouragement that we can share with others.36. A. right B. left C. one D. both37. A. part B. toe C. thumb D. arm38. A. eye B. face C. body D. mind39. A. At last B. Above all C. At first D. At least40. A. meaningless B. careless C. homeless D. helpless41. A. one B. it C. any D. some42. A. care B. ease C. difficulty D. help43. A. encouraged B. praised C. convinced D. said44. A. continued B. stopped C. sent D. began45. A. specially B. particularly C. extremely D. generally46. A. promising B. interesting C. remaining D. demanding47. A. cell to cell B. door to door C. room to room D. house to houseSection C (12 marks)Directions: Complete the following passage by filling in each blank with one word that best fits the context.I will never forget the lesson which Mr. Li gave us. One day Mr. Li was speaking to us in our school meeting room. He began his speech by holding 48 a $ 100 bill. He asked, “Who would like this $ 100 bill?”Most of us put up our hands quickly. Then he said, “I am going to give this $ 100 to one of you, but first let me do this.” He then made the bill into a ball 49 said, “Who wants it now?” We 50 our hands again. But he said, “Wait a moment.” He then dropped 51 on the floor and stepped on it. After that, he picked up the dirty bill and said, “Who still wants it?” Many hands were still up.“My friends,” he said, “you have learned a valuable lesson today. No matter 52 I did to the money, you still wanted it because it did not go down in value. It was still 53 $ 100.“We always lose many chances we take in our lives.” He went 54 speaking, “We feel as if we are worth nothing. But remember, whatever has to you, you will never lose your value: you are always valuable to those people 55 love you. Your value doesn’t come from what you do or who you know, but WHO YOU ARE.”“You are special and valuable. Don’t ever forget it!”Part III Reading Comprehension (30 marks)Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A,B,C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage.A L1PITORABOUT LIPITORLipitor is a prescription medicine．Along with diet and exercise，it lowers “bad，cholesterol(胆固醇)in your blood．It can also raise “good'’ cholesterol.Lipitor can lower the risk of heart attack in patients with several common risk factors，including family history of early heart disease，high blood pressure，age and smoking.WHO IS LIPITOR FOR?Who can take LIPITOR：．People who cannot lower their cholesterol enough with diet and exercise·Adults and children over l0Who should NOT take LIPITOR：．Women who are pregnant，may be pregnant，or may become pregnant. Lipitor may harm your unborn baby.．women who are breast-feeding．Lipitor can pass into your breast milk and may harmyour baby.·People with liver(肝脏)problemsPOSSIBLE SIDE EFFECTS OF LIPITORSerious side effects in a small number of people：．Muscle(肌肉)problems that can lead to kidney(肾脏)problems，including kidney failure ．Liver problems．Your doctor may do blood tests to check your liver before you startLipitor and while you are taking it．Call your doctor right away if you have：．Unexplained muscle pain or weakness，especially if you have a fever or feel very fired ．Swelling of the face，lips，tongue，and／or throat that may cause difficulty in breathing or swallowing·Stomach painSome common side effects of LIPITOR are：·Muscle pain·Upset stomach·Changes in some blood testsHOW TO TAKE LIPITORDO：．Take Lipitor as prescribed by your doctor.．Try to eat heart-healthy foods while you take Lipitor.．Take Lipitor at any time of day, with or without food.．If you miss a dose(一剂)，take it as soon as you remember.[But if it has been more than12 hours since your missed dose，wait．Take the next dose at your regular time.Don’t：．Do not change or stop your dose before talking to your doctor.．Do not start new medicines before talking to your doctor.56. What is a major function of Lipitor?A. To help quit smoking.B. To control blood pressure.C. To improve unhealthy diet.D. To lower "bad" cholesterol.57. Taking Lipitor is helpful for .A. breast-feeding womenB. women who are pregnantC. adults having heart diseaseD. teenagers with liver problems．58. If it has been over 12 hours since you missed a dose, you shouldA. change the amount of your next doseB. eat more when taking your next doseC. have a dose as soon as you rememberD. take the next dose at your regular ti59. Which of the following is a common side effect of taking Lipitor?A. Face swelling.B. Upset stomach.C. Kidney failure.D. Muscle weakness.60. What is the main purpose of the passage?A. To teach patients ways for quick recovery.B. To present a report on a scientific research.C. To show the importance of a good lifestyle.D. To give information about a kind of medicine.BWhen first entered, Vanak Restaurant does not look like much of a restaurant, but once the pleasant smells of kabob（烤肉串）hit the senses, you are incapable of calling it anything less.Owned by a local couple, this Persian restaurant has an inviting, homelike atmosphere that many restaurants lack.The space is small with only a few dining tables and nearly no decoration, but the environment is truly charming.Lying in a hardly noticeable street corner, the restaurant still attracts all customers, especially those experienced in the delights of Middle Eastern cooking.A common sight is that of old Persian men sitting in the corner talking loudly about world topics, watching news events on TV, drinking a black tea known as Persian chai, an reading local Persian newspapers all the while trying to finish off their plates piled with food.The variety of food at the restaurant is limited, but the amount of each dish is fairly large. Most of the meals can serve two people and are under $10, so not only is it affordable but practical as well.The food, especially appeals to health-conscious eaters because each dish is very healthy, made with limited fat and oil and served straight off the grill （烤肉架）.The main dish that the restaurant is popular for is its kabobs, which are different style of grilled meat.One delicious and extremely healthy dish is the Joojeh Kabob, which is made of grille chicken pieces served with cither rice or bread. Another great kabob is the Cbelo Kabob, kabob consisting of grilled beef.Although the restaurant is small, the atmosphere and the food is delicious. It is a place that should not be overlooked.61. When first entering the restaurant, one can find that it ________.A. is splendidly decoratedB. has pleasant smells of kabobsC. is crowded with dining tablesD. looks like a common restaurant62. What activity is also mentioned apart from dining in the restaurant?A. Watching news events on TV.B. Drinking a kind of black coffee.C. Reading local English newspapers.D. Discussing world topics in low voices.63. The food of the restaurant ________.A. is served in small amountsB. is rather expensiveC. is rich in varietyD. is very healthy64. What is the dish Joojeh Kabob mainly made of?A. RiceB. ChickenC. BreadD. Beef65. It can be inferred from the passage that the restaurant ________.A. occupies a large spaceB. owns a favorable locationC. is popular for its special foodD. has a quiet environment insideCWhat makes a gift special? Is it the price you see on the gift receipt? Or is it the look on the recipient’s face when they receive it that determines the true value? What gift is worth the most?This Christmas I was debating what to give my father. My dad is a hard person to buy for because he never wants anything. I pulled out my phone to read a text message from my mom saying that we were leaving for Christmas shopping for him when I came across a message on my phone that I had locked. The message was from my father. My eyes fell on a photo of a flower taken in Wyoming, and underneath a poem by William Blake. The flower, a lone dandelion standing against the bright blue sky, inspired me. My dad had been reciting those words to me since I was a kid. That may even be the reason why I love writing. I decided that those words would be my gift to my father.I called back. I told my mom to go without me and that I already created my gift. I sent the photo of the cream-colored flower to my computer and typed the poem on top of it. As I was arranging the details another poem came to mind. The poem was written by Edgar Allan Poe; my dad recited it as much as he did the other. I typed that out as well and searched online for a background to the words of it. The poem was focused around dreaming, and after searching I found the perfect picture. The image was painted with blues and greens and purples, twisting together to create the theme and wonder of a dream. As I watched both poems passing through the printer, the white paper coloring with words that shaped my childhood, I felt that this was a gift that my father would truly appreciate.Christmas soon arrived. The minute I saw the look on my dad’s face as he unwrapped those swirling black letters carefully placed in a cheap frame, I knew I had given the perfect gift.66. The idea for a special gift began to form when the author was _________.A. doing shoppingB. having a debaterC. reading a messageD. leaving for Wyoming67. The author’s inspiration for the gift came from _________.A. a photo of a flowerB. a story about a kidC. a call from the motherD. a text about Christmas68. The underlined word “it” in Paragraph 3 refers to a poem by _________.A. the fatherB. the authorC. William BlakeD. Edgar Allan Poe69. The author made the gift by _________.A. searching for the poems onlineB. drawing the background by handC. painting the letters in three colorsD. matching the words with pictures70. What is the main purpose of the passage?A. To show how to design images for gifts.B. To suggest making gifts from one’s heart.C. To explain how computers help create gifts.D. To describe the gifts the author has received.Part IV Writing (45 marks)Section A (10 marks)Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in the numbered blanks by using the information from the passage.Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.Since the earliest civilizations, people have controlled rivers to meet society ’s demands. Today, rivers are controlled for many reasons, primarily to maintain reliable water supplies for daily, agricultural and industrial needs, for power generation, for navigation (航行), and to prevent flooding.River control is achieved by channelization, a term that covers a range of river engineering works, including widening, deepening, straightening and stabilization of banks, and by the construction of dams.An important period of channelization took place in Europe during the 19th century, when many large rivers were straightened and their beds deepened. One of the most dramatically changed was the Tisza River, a branch of the Danube that flows through Hungary. The controlling of the Tisza, designed to reduce flooding and make land for agriculture, included cutting off more than 100 meanders (河曲), shortening the river ’s length by nearly 400 kilometers.One of the most common ways in which people control rivers is by damming them. The past 50 years or so has seen an increase in dam construction worldwide, and at the beginning of the 21st century, there were about 800,000 dams globally, some towering more than 200 meters in height. Despite their successes, many dams also cause significant environmental changes that prove harmful. Some particularly deep reservoirs (水库) can bring about earthquakes due to the stress on their bottom rocks caused by huge volumes of water. Downstream of a reservoir, the river is certainly influenced in many way s ：water volume, speed and quality are all affected, leading to changes in the landscape and among plants and animals.to 73 adequate water for ： daily life, 74 and industry power generation navigation to stop rivers from 75channelization ：engineering works ：widening, 76 and straightening rivers77 riverbanksan example ：the 78 of the Tisza by nearly 400 km 79 ：achievements ：800,000 dams builtproblems ：causing harmful changes 80Title ： 71 Ways 72Section B (10 marks)Directions: Read the following passage. Answer the questions according to the information given in the passage.Onions come in different sizes, shapes, colors and flavors, from mild and sweet to hot and strong. A full-grown onion plant has roots, bulbs(茎) and leaves. The leaves are long, thin and hollow. They stand straight up and thicken at the bottom to form a bulb.Onions grow best in loose, fertile(肥沃的) soil. They can grow in many different climates. In cooler climates, onions may need fourteen to fifteen hours of daylight to start forming bulbs. In warmer climates, onions can begin developing bulbs with fewer hours of daily sun.The bulbs can be pulled from the ground once their tops have dried and fallen over. Onions can be stored for months. But Barbara Fick says stored onions need to be cured(处理) first.First, dry the onions in the sun for a day or so. Then bring them out of direct sun for two to three weeks. Spread them out in any warm, airy place that is covered. Or cover the onions with a light cotton sheet held in place with stones along the edge.The sheet will keep the sun from burning the bulbs. Don't worry about rain. And do not use a plastic sheet. Heavy coverings will trap moisture(水分) and keep the onions from drying fully.Turn the bulbs a couple of times to help them dry.After curing the onions, you can hang them indoors to dry even more. There should be no wet spots on the onions when they are put in storage.Some people cut off the top leaves before curing onions. If you do that, do not cut the leaves any closer than two and a half centimeters from the bulb.81. Which kind of soil is the best for onions to grow? (no more than 5 words)_________________________________________________________________82. In what condition do onions form bulbs fast? (no more than 6 words)_________________________________________________________________83. Why can’t you use a plastic sheet to cover onions? (no more than 9 words)_________________________________________________________________84. How should people cut top leaves of onions before they cure them? (no more than10 words)_________________________________________________________________Section C (25 marks)Directions; write on English composition according to the instructions given below in Chinese.假设你是王平，李华是你的同窗好友，请根据下列要点，用英文给李华写一篇毕业留言。

湖南省株洲市高三教学质量统一检测(一)英语试题

湖南省株洲市高三教学质量统一检测(一)英语试题

第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。

录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。

第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。

每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。

听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。

每段对话仅读一遍。

例如：How much is the shirt?A. £ 19.15.B. £9.18.C. £9.15.答案是C。

1. What’s the possible relationship between the speakers?A. Mother and son.B. Teacher and student.C. Doctor and patient.2. Why is the woman anxious?A. She hasn’t finished her essay.B. She hasn’t met her friends for a long time.C. She h asn’t received any offers from universities.3. Where are the speakers?A. In an airport.B. In a campus.C. In a boo tore.4. How will the woman go home?A. By bus.B. By car.C. On foot.5. What is the woman doing now?A. Walking.B. Having dinner.C. Writing an article.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白，每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。

株洲市级教学质量统一检测(一)数学试题(文科)doc

株洲市级教学质量统一检测(一)数学试题(文科)doc

绝密★启用前株洲市2009年高三年级教学质量统一检测（一）数学试题（文科）本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分．满分150分，考试时间120分钟．参考公式：如果事件A 、B 互斥，那么 正棱锥、圆锥的侧面积公式)()()(B P A P B A P +=+ cl S 21=锥侧 如果事件A 、B 相互独立，那么 其中，c 表示底面周长、l 表示斜高或)()()(B P A P B A P ⋅=⋅ 母线长如果事件A 在1次实验中发生的概率是 球的体积公式 P ，那么n 次独立重复实验中恰好发生k 334R V π=球 次的概率kn k k n n P P C k P --=)1()( 其中R 表示球的半径第Ⅰ卷（选择题）一、选择题。

本大题共10小题，每小题5分，共50分，在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合要求的．答案要写在答题卷上。

1. 已知集合{}{}|1,|20,A x x B x x =>-=-≤≤则AB =A.{}|0x x ≥B. {}|2x x ≥-C. {}|10x x -<≤D. {}|10x x -≤< 2. 已知a b c 、、都是实数，则“22ac bc >”是“a b >”的 A.充分不必要条件 B.必要不充分条件C.充分必要条件D. 既不充分也不必要条件3.已知实数x y 、满足条件0022x y x y ≥⎧⎪≥⎨⎪+≤⎩，那么3x y +的最大值是A. 1B.3C. 6D. 84. 函数2211x y x -=+的值域是A.[)1,1-B.(]1,1-C.[]1,1-D.()1,1- 5.在正方体1111ABCD A B C D -中，下列结论正确的是A ．1//AB DC B ．11A B CC ⊥ C ．1111//A BCD ABB A 平面平面 D ．1111A BCD ABB A ⊥平面平面 6. 函数()lg 1f x x =+的图像大致是7. 在△ABC 中，内角A 、B 、C 的对边分别为a 、b 、c ，且222222c a b ab =++，则 △ABC 是A ．钝角三角形B ．直角三角形C ．锐角三角形D ．等边三角形8. 某电视台连续播放6个广告，其中4个不同的商业广告和2个不同的奥运宣传广告，要求最后播放的必须是奥运宣传广告，且2个奥运宣传广告不能连续播放，则不同的播放方式有 A.720种 B.48种 C.96种 D. 192种9. 已知三棱锥P －ABC 的底面是以AB 为斜边的等腰直角三角形，AB ＝PA ＝PB ＝PC ＝10，则该三棱锥的外接球的球心到平面ABC 的距离为 A.3 B. 3C. D.10.若,x Z n N *∈∈，定义()()()121,n x M x x x x n =+++-则函数()115x f x M -=的奇偶性是A.()f x 为偶函数，不是奇函数B. ()f x 为奇函数，不是偶函数第2页 共4页第1页 共4页C. ()f x 既是偶函数，又是奇函数D. ()f x 既不是偶函数，又不是奇函数 第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）二、填空题。

湖南省株洲市高三教学质量统一检测(一)数学(文)试题

湖南省株洲市高三教学质量统一检测(一)数学(文)试题

绝密★启用前株洲市2015届高三年级教学质量统一检测（一）数学试题（文科）本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分．满分150分，考试时间120分钟．第Ⅰ卷（选择题）一、选择题。

本大题共10小题，每小题5分，共50分，在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合要求的．答案要写在答题卷上． 1.已知集合{0,1,3}A =，{|ln(1)}B x y x ==-，则A B =（ ）A ．{0,1,3}B ．{1,3}C ．{3}D ．Φ 2. 命题“x R ∀∈，22x x +≥”的否定是（ ） A ．0x R ∃∈，22x x +≤B ．0x R ∃∈，22x x +<C ．x R ∀∈，22x x +≤D ．x R ∀∈，22x x +<3. 设数列{a n }是等比数列，函数y =x 2－x －2的两个零点是23,a a ，则14a a =（ ）A ．2B ．1C ．－1D ．－24. 程序框图如图所示，若输入a 的值是虚数单位i ，则输出的结果是（ ） A ．1-B ．1i -C ．0D ．i -5. 已知条件p ：k q ：直线y = kx +2与圆x 2+y 2=1相切， 则p 是q 的( )A ．充分不必要条件B ．必要不充分条件C ．充分必要条件D ．既不充分也不必要条件6．下列函数中，与函数y ＝－3|x |的奇偶性相同，且在(－∞，0)上 单调性也相同的是( )A ．y ＝－1x B ．y ＝log 2|x | C ．y ＝1－x 2 D ．y ＝x 3－17. 在长方体ABCD - A 1B 1C 1D 1中，AB ＝BC ＝2，AA 1＝1，则BC 1与平面BB 1D 1D 所成角的正弦值为( )A ．63B ．2 65C ．155D ．1058. 已知三棱锥的正视图与俯视图如图所示，俯视图是边长为2的 正三角形，则该三棱锥的侧视图可能为()9.双曲线上过一个焦点且） A． 10. 在ABC ∆中，若角A B C ，，所对的三边a b c ，，成等差数列，给出下列结论：①2b ac ≥；②其中正确的结论是（ ）A ．①②B ．②③C ．③④D ．①④第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）二、填空题：本大题共5小题，每小题5分，共25分．请将答案填在答题卷上．11．直角坐标系xOy 中，点A ，B 分别在曲线13cos :4sin x C y θθ=+⎧⎨=+⎩（θ为参数）上，则|AB|的最.12．向量1(,tan a α=，(cos ,1)b α=，且a ∥b ，则13．和集合{(,)|20,0,0}B x y x y x y =+-≤≥≥表示的平面区域分别为Ω1，Ω2，若在区域Ω1内任取一点M (x ，y )，则点M 落在区域Ω2内的概率为.14．如右图，在第一象限内，矩形ABCD 的三个顶点A ，B ，C 分别 在函数平行两坐标轴，若A 点的纵坐标是2，则D 点的坐标是 15．在边长为2的菱形ABCD 中，对角线AC 与BD 相较于O ，点P 是线段BD的一个三等分点，则AP AC ∙等于 .三．解答题：本大题共6小题，共75分。

湖南省株洲市高三化学教学质量统一检测(一)试题(含解

湖南省株洲市高三化学教学质量统一检测(一)试题(含解

湖南省株洲市2015届高三一模化学试卷一、选择题（每小题只有一个选项符合题意，每小题3分，共45分）1．下列广告语对应商品中含有的物质有误的是（）A．“红梅味精，领先（鲜）一步”﹣﹣蛋白质B．“衡水老白干，喝出男人味”﹣﹣乙醇C．“吃了钙中钙，腰不疼了，腿不痛了，腰杆也直了”﹣﹣碳酸钙D．“要想皮肤好，早晚用大宝”﹣﹣丙三醇考点：生活中的有机化合物．.专题：化学应用．分析：A、味精的主要成分是谷氨酸钠；B、酒的主要成分是乙醇；C、补品钙中钙主要成分是碳酸钙；D、甘油﹣丙三醇具有保湿功能．解答：解：A、味精的主要成分是谷氨酸钠，不是蛋白质，故A错误；B、衡水老白干说的是酒，主要成分是乙醇，故B正确；C、钙中钙主要成分是碳酸钙，故C正确；D、大宝保湿成分是甘油﹣丙三醇，故D正确；故选A．点评：本题考查了物质的组成和构成，与生活实际相联系，注意知识的积累．2．（3分）（2014•上海）如图是用于干燥、收集并吸收多余气体的装置，下列方案正确的是（）选项X收集气体YA 碱石灰氯化氢水B 碱石灰氨气水C 氯化钙二氧化硫氢氧化钠D 氯化钙一氧化氮氢氧化钠A．A B．B C．C D．D考点：真题集萃；气体的净化和干燥；实验装置综合．.专题：实验评价题．分析：该装置中采用向上排空气法收集，说明该气体密度大于空气，且该气体和空气中成分不反应，用固体干燥剂干燥，则该气体和干燥剂不反应，据此分析解答．解答：解：该装置中采用向上排空气法收集，说明该气体密度大于空气，且该气体和空气中成分不反应，用固体干燥剂干燥，则该气体和干燥剂不反应，A．碱石灰呈碱性，能和HCl反应，所以HCl不能用碱石灰干燥，故A错误；B．氨气密度小于空气，应该采用向下排空气法收集，故B错误；C．二氧化硫密度大于空气且常温下和空气中成分不反应，氯化钙和二氧化硫不反应，所以能用氯化钙干燥，故C正确；D．常温下NO和氧气反应生成红棕色气体二氧化氮，所以得不到NO，NO采用排水法收集，故D错误；故选C．点评：本题考查了气体的干燥、收集和尾气处理，根据气体的性质确定干燥剂、尾气处理试剂，根据气体的溶解性及密度确定收集方法，注意氨气不能用氯化钙干燥，为易错点，题目难度不大．3．（3分）（2015•株洲一模）设NA为阿伏加德罗常数的值，下列叙述正确的是（）A．25℃，pH=11的Na2CO3溶液中由水电离出的H+的数目为10﹣3NAB．标况下，22.4L NO与11.2L O2混合后气体的分子数为2NAC．标准状况下，22.4 L己烷中共价键数目为19NAD．常温常压下，将0.1mol Fe投入足量的浓硝酸中，转移的电子数为0.3 NA考点：阿伏加德罗常数．.专题：阿伏加德罗常数和阿伏加德罗定律．分析：A、依据碳酸钠水解显碱性，结合溶液中离子积使常数计算分析；B、由2NO+O2═2NO2，2NO2⇌N2O4，利用气体的物质的量来分析分子总数．C、标况下，己烷为液态；D、铁与足量浓硝酸反应后变为+3价．解答：解：A、25℃，pH=11的Na2CO3溶液中存在离子积常数，[H+]余=10﹣11mol/L；[H+]余•[OH﹣]水=10﹣14 ；由水电离出的[H+]=[OH﹣]==10﹣3mol/L；溶液体积不知，由水电离出的氢离子的数目无法计算，故A错误；B、标准状况下，22.4LNO和11.2L氧气的物质的量分别为1mol、0.5mol，由2NO+O2═2NO2，2NO2⇌N2O4，则气体的分子总数小于NA个，故B错误．C、标况下，己烷为液态，故C错误；D、铁与足量浓硝酸发生钝化现象，所以铁不能完全反应，故D错误．此题无答案．点评：本题考查了阿伏伽德罗常数的有关计算，熟练掌握公式的使用和物质的结构是解题关键，难度不大．4．（3分）（2015•株洲一模）下列离子在一定条件下能共存，且加入相应试剂后发生反应的离子方程式正确的是（）离子组加入试剂加入试剂后发生反应的离子方程式A Fe2+，NO3﹣，K+ 稀硫酸3Fe2++NO3﹣+4H+=3Fe3++NO↑+2H2OB Fe3+，I﹣，ClO﹣氢氧化钠溶液3Fe3++3OH﹣=Fe（OH）3↓C Ba2+，HCO3﹣，Cl氢氧化钠溶液HCO3﹣+OH﹣=CO32﹣+H2O﹣D Ag+，F﹣，NO3﹣过量浓氨水Ag++OH﹣=AgOH↓A．A B．B C．C D．D考点：离子共存问题；离子方程式的书写．.专题：离子反应专题．分析：A．该组离子能共存，加入稀硫酸，发生反应的离子方程式正确；B．Fe3+与I﹣能发生氧化还原反应，I﹣与ClO﹣能发生氧化还原反应；C．该组离子能共存，但加入氢氧化钠溶液生成的碳酸根离子和钡离子反应生成沉淀；D．该组离子能共存，浓氨水为弱电解质，书写离子方程式应写化学式，加入过量浓氨水AgOH↓会溶解．解答：解：A．Fe2+，NO3﹣，K+，均不反应能共存，加入稀硫酸发生反应3Fe2++NO3﹣+4H+=3Fe3++NO↑+2H2O，故A正确；B．Fe3+与I﹣能发生氧化还原反应2Fe3++2I﹣=2Fe2++I2，则不能大量共存；I﹣与ClO ﹣能发生氧化还原反应ClO﹣+2I﹣+2H2O=Cl﹣+I2+2OH﹣，则不能大量共存，加入氢氧化钠溶液发生反应的离子方程式3Fe3++3OH﹣=Fe（OH）3↓，故B错误；C．Ba2+，HCO3﹣，Cl﹣，均不反应能共存，但加入氢氧化钠溶液生成的碳酸根离子和钡离子反应生成沉淀，发生反应的离子方程式为：Ba2++HCO3﹣+OH﹣=BaCO3↓+H2O，故C错误；D．Ag+，F﹣，NO3﹣，均不反应能共存，但加入过量浓氨水，AgNO3+NH3•H2O=AgOH↓+NH4NO3，AgOH+2NH3•H2O=Ag（NH3）2OH+2H2O，总离子反应为Ag++3NH3•H2O=Ag（NH3）2++OH﹣+NH4++2H2O，故D错误；故选A．点评：本题考查离子共存及反应方程式问题，明确常见离子的性质及离子之间发生的反应是解答的关键，解答该题时注意各选项中的条件，题目难度中等．5．（3分）（2015•株洲一模）下列排列顺序正确的是（）①热稳定性：HF＞H2O＞NH3②离子半径：Na+＞Mg2+＞F﹣③电子数：H2O＞OH﹣＞﹣OH④结合质子能力：OH﹣＞C6H5O﹣＞HCO3﹣⑤分散系中分散质粒子的直径：Fe（OH）3悬浊液＞Fe（OH）3胶体＞FeCl3溶液．A．①③⑤B．①④⑤C．②④D．全部考点：元素周期律的作用．.专题：元素周期律与元素周期表专题．分析：①非金属性越强，对应氢化物的稳定性越强；②具有相同核外电子排布的，原子序数越大，离子半径越小；③H2O的电子数为10，OH﹣的电子数为10，﹣OH的电子数为9；④酸性越强，对应离子结合质子的能力越弱；⑤分散质微粒直径：悬浊液＞胶体＞溶液．解答：解：①非金属性越强，对应氢化物的稳定性越强，非金属性：F＞O＞N，则热稳定性：HF＞H2O＞NH3，故①正确；②Na+、Mg2+和F﹣具有相同的核外电子排布，原子序数Mg＞Na＞F，所以离子半径F﹣＞Na+＞Mg2+，故②错误；③H2O的电子数为10，OH﹣的电子数为10，﹣OH的电子数为9，故电子数：H2O=OH﹣＞﹣OH，故③错误；④酸性碳酸＞苯酚，水为中性，酸性越强，离子的结构质子的能力越弱，故结合质子能力：OH﹣＞C6H5O﹣＞HCO3﹣，故④正确；⑤分散质微粒直径：悬浊液＞胶体＞溶液，故Fe（OH）3悬浊液＞Fe（OH）3胶体＞FeCl3溶液，故⑤正确，故排列顺序正确的是①④⑤，故选B．点评：本题考查元素周期律的应用、电子数的计算、分散系等知识，综合性较强，难度中等．要注意基础知识的理解掌握．6．（3分）（2015•株洲一模）下列说法正确的是（）A．乙烷与氯气在光照条件下发生加成反应B．将石蜡油（液态烷烃混合物）加强热分解生成的气体都是烷烃C．甲苯能够使溴的四氯化碳溶液和酸性的高锰酸钾溶液褪色D．乙醇能够被酸性的高锰酸钾溶液直接氧化成乙酸考点：有机化学反应的综合应用．.专题：有机反应．分析：A、乙烷与氯气光照下发生取代反应；B、石蜡油分解生成烯烃和烷烃的混合物；C、甲苯使溴的四氯化碳溶液褪色原因是萃取，使高锰酸钾溶液褪色是氧化反应；D、乙醇具有还原性，能与高锰酸钾溶液反应，生成乙酸．解答：解：A、乙烷和氯气混合光照后，乙烷中的氢原子被氯原子所代替生成氯代物，属于取代反应，故A错误；B、石蜡油主要是含17个碳原子以上的液态烷烃混合物，在加热条件下，石蜡油分解生成烯烃，根据原子守恒知，除了生成烯烃外还生成烷烃，故B错误；C、甲苯与溴不反应，褪色原理是萃取，与高锰酸钾溶液反应，故C正确；D、乙醇具有还原性，能与高锰酸钾溶液反应，生成乙酸，故D正确，故选CD．点评：本题主要考查的是烷烃的性质、苯的同系物的性质以及乙醇的性质等，综合性较强，难度不大．7．（3分）（2015•株洲一模）下列有关反应热的说法正确的是（）A．在化学反应过程中，吸热反应需不断从外界获得能量，放热反应不需从外界获得能量B．甲烷的燃烧热△H=﹣890kJ/mol，则甲烷燃烧的热化学方程式为：CH4（g）+2O2（g）=CO2（g）+2H2O（g）△H=﹣890kJ•mol﹣1C．已知常温常压下：HCl（aq）+NaOH（aq）=NaCl（aq）+H2O（l）△H=﹣57.3 kJ•mol﹣1，则有：H2SO4（aq）+Ba（OH）2（aq）=BaSO4（s）+2H2O（l）△H=﹣114.6 kJ•mol﹣1 D．已知：S（s）+O2（g）=SO2（g）△H1=﹣Q1 kJ•mol﹣1，S（g）+O2（g）=SO2（g）△H2=﹣Q2kJ•mol﹣1，则Q1＜Q2考点：反应热和焓变．.专题：化学反应中的能量变化．分析：A、吸热反应需不断从外界获得能量，放热反应向外界释放出热量，不需从外界获得能量；B、甲烷燃烧的热化学方程式中，稳定的氧化物应该是液态水；C、H2SO4与Ba（OH）2反应生成沉淀，也释放出热量，△H小于﹣114.6 kJ•mol﹣1；D、S（g）变化为S（s）还要释放出热量，所以Q1＞Q2．解答：解：A、吸热反应需不断从外界获得能量，放热反应向外界释放出热量，不需从外界获得能量，故A正确；B、甲烷燃烧的热化学方程式中，稳定的氧化物应该是液态水，故B错误；C、H2SO4与Ba（OH）2反应生成沉淀，也释放出热量，△H小于﹣114.6 kJ•mol﹣1，故C错误；D、S（g）变化为S（s）还要释放出热量，所以Q1＞Q2，故D错误；故选A．点评：本题考查了焓变、燃烧热、中和热等基本概念，理解其内涵是基础，题目难度不大．8．（3分）（2015•株洲一模）对于达到平衡的可逆反应：X+Y⇌W+Z，其他条件不变时，增大压强，正、逆反应速率（υ）变化的情况如图所示．下列对X、Y、W、Z四种物质状态的描述正确的是（）A．W、Z均为气体，X、Y中只有一种为气体B．X、Y均为气体，W、Z中只有一种为气体C．X、Y或W、Z中均只有一种为气体D．X、Y均为气体，W、Z均为液体或固体考点：化学反应速率与化学平衡图象的综合应用．.专题：化学平衡专题．分析：由图象可知，其他条件不变时，增大压强，正逆反应速率都增大，且正反应速率大于逆反应速率，则平衡向正反应方向移动，说明反应物气体的化学计量数之和大于生成物气体的化学计量数之和，以此解答该题．解答：解：分析图象，其他条件不变时，增大压强，正逆反应速率都增大，且正反应速率大于逆反应速率，则平衡向正反应方向移动，说明反应物气体的化学计量数之和大于生成物气体的化学计量数之和，符合条件的只有B，故选B．点评：本题考查化学平衡移动图象问题，题目难度中等，明确平衡移动的方向以及化学计量数关系是解答该题的关键，注意压强对平衡的影响．9．（3分）（2015•株洲一模）下列有关物质的分离说法正确的是（）A．可用加热法分离NH4Cl（s）和I2（s）B．碘水中加CCl4振荡静置后，上层为紫色，下层几乎为无色C．工业上制无水酒精通常是将生石灰与95%酒精混合后蒸馏D．蒸馏、分馏和干馏都是利用组分沸点不同而分离的方法考点：物质的分离、提纯的基本方法选择与应用．.专题：化学实验基本操作．分析：A．加热是氯化铵分解，碘升华，不能分离；B．四氯化碳密度比水大；C．生石灰与水反应，起到吸水的作用；D．干馏为复杂的化学变化．解答：解：A．加热是氯化铵分解，碘升华，温度较低时重新生成固体，不能分离，故A错误；B．四氯化碳密度比水大，色层在下层，故B错误；C．生石灰与水反应，起到吸水的作用，蒸馏可得到乙醇，故C正确；D．干馏为复杂的化学变化，不是利用物质的沸点，故D错误．故选C．点评：本题考查物质的分离、提纯，为高频考点，侧重于学生的分析能力和实验能力的考查，注意把握物质的性质的异同，除杂时注意不能引入新杂质，难度不大．10．（3分）（2015•株洲一模）某同学组装了如图所示的电化学装置，电极Ⅰ为Al电极，其它均为Cu电极，则下列叙述正确的是（）A．电子流动方向：电极Ⅳ→A→电极ⅠB．电极Ⅰ发生氧化反应C．电极Ⅱ质量不变D．电极Ⅲ的电极反应：Cu2++2e﹣=Cu考点：原电池和电解池的工作原理．.专题：电化学专题．分析：电极Ⅰ为Al，其它均为Cu，Al易失电子作负极，所以Ⅰ是负极、Ⅳ是阴极，Ⅲ是阳极、Ⅱ是正极，电流方向从正极流向负极，负极上失电子发生氧化反应，正极上得电子发生还原反应，据此分析解答．解答：解：电极Ⅰ为Al，其它均为Cu，Al易失电子作负极，所以Ⅰ是负极、Ⅳ是阴极，Ⅲ是阳极、Ⅱ是正极，A．电子从负极沿导线流向正极，即电极Ⅰ→A→电极Ⅳ，故A错误；B．电极Ⅰ上电极反应式为Al﹣3e﹣=Al3+，发生氧化反应，故B正确；C．电极Ⅱ是正极，正极上发生反应为Cu 2++2e﹣=Cu，所以电极Ⅱ质量逐渐增大，故C 错误；D．电极Ⅲ为阳极，电极反应式为Cu﹣2e﹣═Cu 2+，故D错误；故选B．点评：本题考查了原电池原理，正确判断正负极是解本题关键，再结合各个电极上发生的反应来分析解答，题目难度中等．11．（3分）（2015•株洲一模）X、Y、Z、W四种短周期元素的原子序数依次增大，X原子的最外层电子数是其内层电子总数的3倍，Y原子的最外层只有2个电子，Z单质可制成半导体材料，W与X属于同一主族．下列叙述正确的是（）A．元素X只能形成一种氢化物：H2XB．元素W的最高价氧化物对应水化物的酸性比Z的弱C．原子半径的大小顺序：r（Y）＞r（Z）＞r（W）＞r（X）D．化合物YX、ZX2、WX3中化学键的类型相同考点：原子结构与元素周期律的关系．.专题：元素周期律与元素周期表专题．分析：短周期元素X、Y、Z、W的原子序数依次增大，X原子的最外层电子数是其内层电子总数的3倍，X有2个电子层，最外层电子数为6，故X为O元素，W与X属于同一主族，故W为S元素，Y原子的最外层只有2个电子，原子序数大于O元素，故Y处于第三周期，故Y为Mg元素，Z单质可制成半导体材料，Z为Si元素．解答：解：短周期元素X、Y、Z、W的原子序数依次增大，X原子的最外层电子数是其内层电子总数的3倍，X有2个电子层，最外层电子数为6，故X为O元素，W与X属于同一主族，故W为S元素，Y原子的最外层只有2个电子，原子序数大于O元素，故Y处于第三周期，故Y为Mg元素，Z单质可制成半导体材料，Z为Si元素，A．X为O元素，可以形成H2O、H2O2，故A错误；B．非金属Si＜S，故元素S的最高价氧化物对应水化物的酸性比Si的强，故B错误；C．同周期自左而右，原子半径减小，同主族电子层越多原子半径越大，故原子半径Mg ＞Si＞S＞O，即rY＞rZ＞rW＞rX，故C正确；D．MgO中含有离子键，而SiO2、SO3中含有共价键，故D错误；故选：C．点评：本题考查结构性质与位置关系、元素周期律、化学键等，难度不大，推断元素是解题的关键，注意对基础知识的理解掌握．12．（3分）（2015•株洲一模）常温下，用0.1000mol•L﹣1NaOH溶液滴定20.00mL 0.1000mol•L ﹣1CH3COOH溶液所得滴定曲线如图．下列说法不正确的是（）A．点①所示溶液中：c（CH3COO﹣）+c（CH3COOH）=2c（Na+）B．点②所示溶液中：c（Na+）=c（CH3COO﹣）C．点③所示溶液中：c（Na+）=c（CH3COOH）+c（CH3COO﹣）D．滴定过程中可能出现：c（CH3COOH）＞c（H+）＞c（CH3COO﹣）＞c（Na+）＞c（OH﹣）考点：酸碱混合时的定性判断及有关ph的计算．.专题：电离平衡与溶液的pH专题．分析：A、根据点①反应后溶液是CH3COONa与CH3COOH物质的量之比为1：1的混合物，所以c（CH3COO﹣）+c（CH3COOH）=2c（Na+）；B、点②pH=7，即c（H+）=c（OH﹣），由电荷守恒可知：c（CH3COO﹣）+c（OH﹣）=c（Na+）+c（H+），所以c（Na+）=c（CH3COO﹣）；C、点③体积相同，则恰好完全反应生成CH3COONa，根据物料守恒可知：c（Na+）=c（CH3COOH）+c（CH3COO﹣）；D、在滴定中当加入碱比较少时，可能出现c（CH3COOH）＞c（CH3COO﹣）＞c（H+）＞c（Na+）＞c（OH﹣）的情况．解答：解：A、根据点①反应后溶液是CH3COONa与CH3COOH物质的量之比为1：1的混合物，所以c（CH3COO﹣）+c（CH3COOH）=2c（Na+），故A正确；B、点②pH=7，即c（H+）=c（OH﹣），由电荷守恒知：c（Na+）+c（H+）=c（CH3COO﹣）+c（OH﹣），故c（Na+）=c（CH3COO﹣），故B正确；C、点③说明两溶液恰好完全反应生成CH3COONa，物料守恒可知：c（Na+）=c（CH3COOH）+c（CH3COO﹣），故C正确；D、如果出现c（CH3COOH）＞c（H+）＞c（CH3COO﹣）＞c（Na+）＞c（OH﹣）这个关系，则溶液中电荷不守恒，故D错误；故选：D．点评：本题考查NaOH与CH3COOH的反应，涉及盐类的水解和溶液离子浓度的大小比较，注意利用电荷守恒的角度做题．13．（3分）（2015•株洲一模）科学家发现了如下反应：O2+PtF6═O2（PtF6），已知O2（PtF6）为离子化合物，Pt为+5价，下列说法正确的是（）A．O和F无正化合价B．1mol O2参加反应，转移1mol e﹣C．上述反应中O2作氧化剂D．上述反应属于加成反应考点：氧化还原反应．.专题：氧化还原反应专题．分析：O2（PtF6）为离子化合物，其中Pt为+5价，因F未﹣1价，则O为+价，在反应O2+PtF6→O2（PtF6）中，O2是还原剂，PtF6是氧化剂，结合化合价的变化判断转移电子的数目．解答：解：A．根据化合价代数和为0可知，O2（PtF6）为离子化合物，其中Pt为+5价，则O2为+1价，氧元素的化合价是+0.5价，故A错误；B．此反应中，O元素化合价升高0.5价，则每生成1mol O2（PtF6）转移1mol 电子，故B正确；C．在反应O2+PtF6→O2（PtF6）中，O元素化合价升高，被氧化，O2是还原剂，故C 错误；D．反应不符合加成反应的特点，不存在不饱和键的加成反应，故D错误．故选B．点评：本题考查氧化还原反应，为高频考点，侧重于学生的分析能力的考查，明确元素化合价是分析氧化剂、还原剂、电子转移的关键，并学会利用信息结合所学知识来解答．14．（3分）（2015•株洲一模）溴酸银（AgBrO3）的溶解度随温度变化曲线如图所示，下列说法错误的是（）A．温度升高时溴酸银溶解速度加快B．溴酸银的溶解是放热过程C．60℃时，溴酸银的Ksp约等于6×10﹣4 D．常温下溴酸银微溶于水考点：难溶电解质的溶解平衡及沉淀转化的本质．.专题：盐类的水解专题．分析：A．温度升高，可以加快物质的溶解速率；B．根据图象中温度对溴酸银的溶解度影响可知溴酸银的溶解过程为吸热过程；C．根据溶度积表达式及溶液中银离子和溴酸根离子的浓度计算；D．溴酸银的溶解度受温度的影响较小，可以通过重结晶法分离硝酸钾与溴酸银的混合物．解答：解：A．升高温度，溴酸银的溶解度增大，所以温度升高时溴酸银溶解速度加快，故A 正确；B．根据图象可知，升高温度，溴酸银的溶解度增大，说明溴酸银的溶解过程为吸热过程，故B错误；C.60℃时溴酸银的溶解度为0.6g，溴酸银的物质的量为：≈2.5×10﹣3mol，100.6g溴酸银溶液的体积约为100.6mL，溶液中银离子、溴离子浓度约为2.5×10﹣2mol/L，所以60℃时溴酸银的Ksp=2.5×10﹣2×2.5×10﹣2≈6×10﹣4，故C正确；D．根据图象可知，常温下溴酸银的溶解度大于0.2g，可溶于水，故D错误；故选BD．点评：本题考查了难溶物的溶解平衡、溶度积的表达式及计算、物质的分离与提纯，题目难度中等，注意掌握难溶物的溶解平衡及其影响因素，明确溶度积的概念及计算方法．15．（3分）（2015•株洲一模）甲、乙、丙、丁四种物质中，甲、乙、丙均含有相同的某元素，它们之间具有如下转化关系：甲乙丙．下列有关物质的推断不正确的是（）A．若甲为C2H5OH，则丙可能为CH3COOHB．若涉及反应均为氧化还原反应，则甲可能为Cl2C．若涉及反应均为氧化还原反应，则丁可能为O2D．若甲为AlCl3溶液，则丁可能是NaOH溶液考点：无机物的推断．.专题：推断题．分析：A．若甲为C2H5OH，丙为CH3COOH，则乙应为CH3CHO，丁为O2，但丙不能与甲反应生成乙；B．若涉及反应均为氧化还原反应，甲为Cl2，则丁为Fe；C．如涉及反应均为氧化还原反应，丁为O2，则甲可能为C；D．若甲为AlCl3，丁是NaOH，则乙为氢氧化铝，丙为NaAlO2．解答：解：A．若甲为C2H5OH，丙为CH3COOH，则乙应为CH3CHO，丁为O2，但CH3COOH 不能与C2H5OH反应生成CH3CHO，应生成乙酸乙酯，故A错误；B．若涉及反应均为氧化还原反应，甲为Cl2，则丁为Fe，乙为FeCl3，丙为FeCl2，故B 正确；C．如甲为焦炭，丁是O2，则乙为CO，丙为CO2，则C CO CO2，符合转化，故C 正确；D．若甲为AlCl3，丁是NaOH，则乙为氢氧化铝，丙为NaAlO2，则AlCl3Al（OH）3NaAlO2，符合转化，故D正确．故选A．点评：本题考查无机物的推断，为高频考点，综合考查元素化合物知识，把握物质的性质、发生的转化反应为解答的关键，侧重分析与推断能力的考查，题目难度不大．二、非选择题（包括必考题和选考题两部分，共55分）（一）必考题（第16题～第20题，共40分，每个试题考生都必须作答）16．（8分）（2015•株洲一模）铜是生活中常见的金属，请回答下列问题：（1）Cu不活泼，通常情况下不与稀硫酸反应，但向Cu和稀硫酸的混合物中滴入H2O2溶液后，溶液很快变蓝色，试写出该反应的离子方程式Cu+H2O2+2H+=Cu2++2H2O．（2）将硫酸铜溶液和碳酸钠溶液混合，会析出Cu2（OH）2CO3绿色固体，试写出该反应的离子方程式2Cu+O2+H2O+CO2=Cu2（OH）2CO3．（3）火法炼铜的原理：Cu2S+O22Cu+SO2，在该反应中每生成1mol Cu，转移3mole﹣．（4）以CuSO4溶液为电解质溶液进行粗铜（含Al、Zn、Ag、Pt、Au等杂质）的电解精炼，下列说法正确的是ab（填选项字母）．a．粗铜接电源正极，发生氧化反应b．溶液中Cu2+向阴极移动c．电解过程中，阳极和阴极的质量变化相等d．利用阳极泥可回收Al、Zn等金属（5）据报道，有一种叫Thibacillus Ferroxidans的细菌在有氧气存在的酸性溶液中，可将黄铜矿CuFeS2氧化成硫酸盐：4CuFeS2+2H2SO4+17O2=4CuSO4+2Fe2（SO4）3+2H2O．利用反应后的溶液，按如下流程可制备胆矾（CuSO4•5H2O）：①检验溶液B中Fe3+是否被除尽的实验方法加入KSCN溶液若变红证明含有铁离子，若加入后溶液不变红证明不含铁离子．②在实验室中，设计两个原理不同的方案，从溶液B中提炼金属铜（要求：一种方案只用一个反应来完成）．写出两种方案中涉及的化学方程式：方案一：CuSO4+Fe=FeSO4+Cu；方案二：2CuSO4+2H2O2Cu+O2↑+2H2SO4．考点：铜金属及其重要化合物的主要性质；电解原理；物质分离和提纯的方法和基本操作综合应用．.分析：（1）Cu和稀硫酸的混合物中滴入H2O2溶液很快变蓝色，说明铜被氧化生成Cu2+；（2）结合反应物和生成物从质量守恒的角度书写化学方程式；（3）反应中Cu元素化合价由+1价将低到0价，O元素化合价由0价降低到﹣2价，S 元素化合价由﹣2价升高到+4价；（4）a、精炼铜时，粗铜做阳极，发生氧化反应；b、溶液中Cu2+向阴极移动；c、比铜活泼的金属先放电；d、反应中有热能产生Ag、Pt、Au不如铜活泼，铜放电后Ag、Pt、Au从粗铜脱落；（5）据铁离子的性质进行验证，铁离子遇到硫氰酸钾溶液变红色，若无红色出现这么铁离子除净；③溶液B为硫酸铜溶液，可以加入铁粉置换铜得到，也可以通过电解硫酸铜溶液得到；解答：解：（1）金属铜投入稀硫酸中不发生反应，但再加入H2O2溶液后铜开始溶解，溶液逐渐变为蓝色，说明过氧化氢在酸性溶液中具有氧化性溶解铜，离子方程式为：Cu+H2O2+2H+=Cu2++2H2O；故答案为：Cu+H2O2+2H+=Cu2++2H2O；（2）将硫酸铜溶液和碳酸钠溶液混合，会析出Cu2（OH）2CO3，反应的化学方程式为2Cu+O2+H2O+CO2=Cu2（OH）2CO3，故答案为：2Cu+O2+H2O+CO2=Cu2（OH）2CO3；（3）反应中Cu元素化合价由+1价将低到0价，O元素化合价由0价降低到﹣2价，S 元素化合价由﹣2价升高到+4价，由方程式可知生成2molCu，转移6mol电子，则该反应中每生成1molCu，转移3电子，故答案为：3；（4）a．精炼铜时，粗铜做阳极，连接电源正极，发生氧化反应故a正确；b．溶液中Cu2+向阴极移动，故b正确；c．比铜活泼的金属先放电，所以阳极和阴极的质量变化不相等，故c错误；d．Ag、Pt、Au不如铜活泼，铜放电后Ag、Pt、Au从粗铜脱落，利用阳极泥可回收Ag、Pt、Au等金属，故d错误；故答案为：ab；（5）检验溶液B中Fe3+是否被除尽的试剂是KSCN溶液，加入KSCN溶液若变红证明含有铁离子，若加入后溶液不变红证明不含铁离子；故答案为：加入KSCN溶液若变红证明含有铁离子，若加入后溶液不变红证明不含铁离子；③硫酸铜溶液得到金属铜的方法，可以加入铁粉置换铜反应的化学方程式为：CuSO4+Fe=FeSO4+Cu；也可以惰性电极通电电解硫酸铜溶液，反应的化学方程式为：2CuSO4+2H2O2Cu+O2↑+2H2SO4；故答案为：CuSO4+Fe=FeSO4+Cu；2CuSO4+2H2O2Cu+O2↑+2H2SO4；点评：本题综合考查铜及其化合物的性质，为高频考点，侧重学生的分析能力和计算能力的考查，注意把握物质的性质以及题给信息，结合元素的化合价的变化以及反应的现象解答该题，难度不大．17．（8分）（2015•株洲一模）草酸即乙二酸，是一种有机二元酸，在工业上有重要的作用．草酸在100℃开始升华，157℃时大量升华，并开始分解．电离方程式电离常数H2C2O4⇌H++HC2O4﹣K1=5.4×10﹣2HC2O4﹣⇌H++C2O42﹣K2=5.4×10﹣5NH3•H2O⇌NH4++OH﹣K=1.8×10﹣5（1）（NH4）2C2O4溶液的pH＜7（填“＞”或“＜”或“=”）．（2）用惰性电极电解饱和草酸溶液可制得乙醛酸（OHC﹣COOH），阴极的电极反应式为HOOC ﹣COOH+2e﹣+2H+=OHC﹣COOH+H2O．（3）草酸钠是一种重要的还原剂．合成草酸钠的操作如下：草酸草酸钠晶体①75%酒精的作用是溶解碳酸钠，降低草酸钠的溶解度．②当草酸与碳酸钠的物质的量按2：1充分混合后，溶液中pH＜7．请将该溶液中离子浓度按由大到小的顺序排列c（Na+）＞c（HC2O4﹣）＞c（CO32﹣）＞c（C2O42﹣）＞c（H+）＞c（OH﹣）．（4）已知某温度下CaC2O4的Ksp为2.5×10﹣9．将0.02mol•L﹣1澄清石灰水和0.01mol•L﹣1H2C2O4溶液等体积混合，所得溶液中C2O42﹣的物质的量浓度为 2.5×10﹣7mol•L﹣1．考点：弱电解质在水溶液中的电离平衡．.分析：（1）由表格可知，K1＞K，根据越弱越水解，（NH4）2C2O4中NH4+更弱，水解显酸性，pH＜7；（2）用惰性电极电解饱和草酸溶液，草酸在阴极放电，C由+3价降到+1价，得到2个电子，电极反应式为HOOC﹣COOH+2e﹣+2H+=OHC﹣COOH+H2O；（3）①75%酒精，溶解碳酸钠，降低草酸钠的溶解度；②草酸与碳酸钠的物质的量按2：1充分混合后，溶液中pH＜7，溶液显酸性，Na+不水解，浓度最大，该溶液中离子浓度按由大到小的顺序排列c（Na+）＞c（HC2O4﹣）＞c （CO32﹣）＞c（C2O42﹣）＞c（H+）＞c（OH﹣）；（4）将0.02mol•L﹣1澄清石灰水和0.01mol•L﹣1H2C2O4溶液等体积混合，c（Ca2+）=0.01mol•L﹣1，根据CaC2O4的Ksp为2.5×10﹣9，所得溶液中C2O42﹣的物质的量浓度为==2.5×10﹣7mol•L﹣1．解答：解：（1）由表格可知，K1＞K，根据越弱越水解，（NH4）2C2O4中NH4+更弱，水解显酸性，pH＜7；故答案为：＜；（2）用惰性电极电解饱和草酸溶液，草酸在阴极放电，C由+3价降到+1价，得到2个电子，电极反应式为HOOC﹣COOH+2e﹣+2H+=OHC﹣COOH+H2O；故答案为：HOOC﹣COOH+2e﹣+2H+=OHC﹣COOH+H2O；（3）①75%酒精，溶解碳酸钠，降低草酸钠的溶解度；故答案为：溶解碳酸钠，降低草酸钠的溶解度；②草酸与碳酸钠的物质的量按2：1充分混合后，溶液中pH＜7，溶液显酸性，Na+不水解，浓度最大，该溶液中离子浓度按由大到小的顺序排列c（Na+）＞c（HC2O4﹣）＞c （CO32﹣）＞c（C2O42﹣）＞c（H+）＞c（OH﹣）；。

2013年湖南省全国统一高考语文试卷及答案逐题解析

2013年湖南省全国统一高考语文试卷及答案逐题解析

2013年湖南省全国统一高考语文试卷及答案逐题解析2013年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试语文（湖南卷）解析湖南刘小忠胡健本试题卷共7道大题，21道小题，共8页。

时量150分钟，满分150分。

一、语言文字运用(12分，每小题3分)1．下列词语中加点的字，读音全都正确的一组是【C】A．惬意qiè静谧bì伊甸园diàn惊鸿一瞥piěB．乘势chng戏谑xuè可塑性suò跬步千里kuǐC．佳肴yáo苋菜xiàn瞭望哨liào独辟蹊径xīD．篆刻zhuàn黝黑yǒu口头禅chán力能扛鼎káng【答案】C【解析】本题仍考“形声套读”“多音误读”和“方言纠错”，“静谧”的“谧”，不能套读“bì”，应读“mì”；“可塑性”的“塑”方言中极易读成“suò”，应读“sù”；“力能扛鼎”的“扛”遵循“多音读次音”的原则，不读“káng”，应读“gāng”。

这些都是生活中经常被误读的字，难度不大，考题非常平和。

2．下列词语中，没有错别字的一组是【D】A．扮靓商贾关怀倍至余音绕梁B．辐员魁梧天花乱坠彪炳千秋C．联袂眈误沧海一粟插科打诨D．寒暄遴选克勤克俭针锋相对【答案】D【解析】本题考查对字形的识记能力。

关怀备至：关心得无微不至。

备，表示完全，不是加倍，“倍”字同音错误。

幅员：领土面积，指国家疆域。

宽窄叫幅，周围叫员。

“幅”字与“巾”有关，用于布帛、图画等；“辐”字是连结车辋和车毂的直条，与“车”有关，用于“车辐”“辐射”等，近形混淆。

耽误：因拖延或错过时机而误事，“耽”字从耳，,冘声。

本义是耳朵大而且下垂。

眈：注视的样子。

从目,冘声。

视近而志远也。

常用于“虎视眈眈”（凶狠贪婪地看着）。

也属于近形混淆。

解答此题的关键是“据义定形”，从意义入手，确定字形（同音字）或偏旁（近形字）。

2024届湖南省株洲市高三上学期教学质量统一检测(一)(一模)英语试题及答案

2024届湖南省株洲市高三上学期教学质量统一检测(一)(一模)英语试题及答案

株洲市2024届高三年级教学质量统一检测（一）英语（答案在最后）班级：_________姓名：_________准考证号：_________（本试卷共8页，考试用时120分钟，全卷满分150分）注意事项：1.答题前，先将自己的姓名、准考证号写在试题卷和答题卡上，并将准考证条形码粘贴在答题卡上的指定位置。

2.选择题的作答：每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上相应题目的答案标号涂黑。

写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。

3.非选择题的作答：用签字笔直接答在答题卡上对应的答题区域内，写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。

4.考试结束后，将答题卡上交。

第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。

录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。

第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。

每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。

听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。

每段对话仅读一遍。

例：How much is the shirt?A.£19.15.B.£9.18.C.£9.15答案是C.1.Where does the conversation probably take place?A.At a restaurant.B.At an airport.C.At a hotel.2.When should the textbooks be available at the bookstore?A.On Tuesday.B.On Wednesday.C.On Thursday.3.How much does the woman pay for rent per month?A.$100.B.$200.C.$600.4.What do we know about the woman?A.She stopped exercising two years ago.B.She lost a lot of pounds in two years.C.She chose a different exercising way.5.What is the probable relationship between the two speakers?A.Doctor and patient.B.Teacher and student.C.Employer and employee.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。

湖南省株洲市高三语文上学期教学质量统一检测试卷(一).pdf

湖南省株洲市高三语文上学期教学质量统一检测试卷(一).pdf

株洲市2016届高三年级教学质量统一检测（一） 语 文 注意事项： 1．本试卷分第I卷（阅读题）和第II卷（表达题）两部分，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号填写在答题卡上。

2．作答时，将答案写在答题卡上。

写在本试卷上无效。

第I卷 阅读题 甲 必考题 一、现代文阅读（9分，每小题3分） 阅读下面的文章，完成1-3题。

汉字书写发展为书法艺术的成因 在我们固有的观念中，汉字与书法艺术是绝对不能割裂的。

“书法是书写汉字的艺术”。

世界上存在着数百个国家和民族，它们大都有自己的语言和文字，但它们的文字书写没有成为一门艺术。

而独有汉字在其衍变过程中成了艺术，或在汉字产生之初便具有某种艺术性。

一些学者以“书画同源”说阐释汉字成为艺术的起因及性质，如刘纲纪《书法美学简论》、金学智《书法美学谈》等。

由于文字起源于象形，并且由于“文字的点画书写能够造成各种同现实生活中的形体(或动态)有类似之处的形体”(刘纲纪语)，所以文字书写成了能够描写现实生活的形象艺术。

这种以为书法一定反映现实生活的观念，显然只是套用了一般的艺术原理。

更多的人认为汉字成为艺术是由于汉字的结构这一事实，并由此认定书法是一门抽象艺术。

汉字结构的繁简、点画的错落造就了许多美的因素，这是其成为艺术的一个先决条件。

没有汉字结构的复杂性，其单纯的书写成为艺术似乎是不可想象的。

? 从“六书”造字原则看，我们似难以确信汉字产生的过程即是书法艺术产生的过程。

“六书”即象形、指事、形声、会意、转注、假借。

其中象形、指事、形声、会意为造字方法，转注、假借为用字方法。

四种造字方法的目的并非在于审美，而均在于实用。

即使如象形，是根据物质形状描绘简化而成，其简化的过程多少含有某些抽象的因素，然其目的仍是致用为上。

由此可见，汉字在一开始并无明显成为书法艺术的迹象。

? 我们似应再作如下的假设：如果说，作为书法艺术主要表现工具的毛笔至今仍没有发明，今天所说的书法是否能在历史上作为一种艺术而存在呢？也许人们会说，今天见到的许多历代名作并不全由毛笔表现，那些墓志砖铭、摩崖刻石、甲骨卜辞、青铜铭文等等，或由刀刻，或以模铸，而它们的艺术水平仿佛不在毛笔书法之下。

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湖南省株洲市2013届高三教学质量统一检测试题（一）历史命题人：张建军（市教科院）傅战来（市二中）汪瀛（市四中）蔡志中（攸县一中）审题人：张建军（市教科院）傅战来（市二中）汪瀛（市四中）蔡志中（攸县一中）本试卷分为第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分。

第Ⅰ卷1-4页，第Ⅱ卷5-6页。

请将答案做在答题卷上。

第Ⅰ卷（选择题共50分）本卷共25小题，每小题2分，共50分。

在每小题列出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的。

1．董仲舒说：“王者爱及四夷，霸者爱及诸侯，安者爱及封内，危者爱及旁侧，亡者爱及独身。

”这反映的思想主张是A．天民合一B．天人感应C．民贵君轻D．仁政2.吕思勉的《中国制度史》认为：“前此选举，皆权在举之之人，士有应举之才，而举不及，夫固无如之何。

”为解决“前此选举”所带来的弊端，中国封建统治者推出了A．科举制 B．察举制 C．征召制 D．九品中正制3．《资治通鉴》载：唐朝贞观年间，“中书、门下及三品官入阁奏事，必须谏官、史官随之，有失则匡正，美恶必记之。

诸司皆于正牙奏事。

御史弹百官，服豸冠，对仗读弹文。

故大臣不得专君，而小臣不得为谗。

”材料主要反映了唐朝Ａ．议事公开，加强君臣之间的约束Ｂ．中央集权加强Ｂ．贯彻法家治国理念，突出法制建设Ｄ．实行监察权与行政权分离制度4．《论语·颜渊》记载：“颜渊问仁，子曰，克己复礼为仁，一曰克己复礼，天下归仁焉。

”有人对这段话的解释是：“仁者，本心之全德。

克，胜也。

己，谓身之私欲也。

复，反也。

礼者，天理之节文也。

”这就把“克己复礼”解释为A．“人伦者，天理也” B．“存天理，灭人欲”C．“宇宙便是吾心，吾心即是真理” D．“心外无物”“心外无理”5.明谢肇制认为：“西戎茶马之市，自宋已然。

盖土蕃潼酪腥膻，非茶不解其毒，……（中原）藉之可以得马。

以草木之叶，易边场之用，利之最大者也。

”这说明宋朝设置“西戎茶马之市”主要是为了A．助边地少数民族解毒 B．为民众换取马匹运茶C．促进边疆贸易的发展 D．增强自身的军事力量6．《四库全书总目》在评价利玛窦的《乾坤体义》时说“虽篇帙无多，而其言皆验诸实测，其法皆具变通，可谓词简而义赅者。

是以《御制数理精蕴》多采其说而用之。

”“是书上卷皆言天象，以人居寒暖为五带，与《周髀》七衡说略同。

以七政恒星天为九重，与《楚辞·天问》同。

以水、火、土、气为四大元行，则与佛经同。

”材料表明A．清朝官方明确区分西方科学与西方宗教B．认可西方科学，排斥西方宗教C．清朝官方认为西学中源D．中国应该全面学习西方先进文明7．李约瑟在牛津大学科学史讨论会上作了一个题为“中国科学传统的贫困与成就”的报告。

在报告中他指出：“无论是谁想要解释中国社会未能发展出近代科学的原因，那他最好是从解释中国社会为何未能发展商业的以及后来的的资本主义入手。

”他甚至相信：“如果中国社会曾可能出现类似于西方的社会和经济的变革的话，那么在那里也许本来是会出现某种形式的近代科学的。

”在报告中李约瑟试图分析A．中国没能产生资本主义的原因B．中国没有发生过影响深远的社会变革的原因C．中国未产生近代科学的原因D．中国的科学技术一直落后于欧洲的原因8.《台湾通史》认为：“1840年起至1930年间，中国共开放77个城市作为通商口岸。

大多数通商口岸内皆设有租界。

‘通商口岸教堂洋行货物商民所在甚多，素由中国竭力保护’。

”这在本质上表明A．中国近代主动实行对外开放政策 B．通商口岸是中国半殖民地化缩影C．中国通商口岸经济文化高度繁荣 D．通商口岸有力促进了中国近代化9．史学界曾有人对1872－1894年中国境内近代工业作了比较详细的统计分析，并绘制出下列统计图表。

我们由此统计表可得出的正确结论是A．中国民族资本主义产生后发展迅速B．以四大家族为首的官僚资本实力雄厚C．中国民族资本主义在狭缝中艰难成长D．自然经济已经退出了中国经济舞台10．孙中山说：“中国的各省在历史上向来都是统一的，不是分裂的不是不能统属的。

而且统一之时就是治，不统一之时就是乱。

美国之所以富强，不是由于各邦之独立自治，还是由于各邦联合后的进化所成的一个统一国家。

所以美国的富强，是各邦统一的结果，不是各邦分裂的结果。

中国原来既是统一的，便不应该把各省再来分开。

”材料表明孙中山的主要观点是A．反对各省自治和实行联邦制度B．建立美国式的联邦共和国C．建立资产阶级民主共和国D．主张民族独立11.毛泽东认为：“中国应该大量吸收外国的进步文化，作为自己文化食粮的原料……决不能生吞活剥地毫无批判地吸收。

”正是基于这一认识，他在20世纪20年代创造性的提出了A．土地革命路线B．工农武装割据理论C．国共合作方针D．星星之火可以燎原12.张同冰在《新中国外语教育发展回顾》中指出：“1952年开始大学院系调整，撤消合并了大部分学校的英语系科，德语、法语等语种也被缩减。

1952年至1956年间，全国俄文专科学校纷纷建立，综合性大学俄文系招收人数大幅增加。

”导致这一现象的原因不包括A.西方国家对中国实行孤立封锁政策B.新中国推行“一边倒”外交政策C.受苏联大力援建中国与中苏关系密切影响D.受新中国和平共处五项原则影响13．据国家统计局《国民收入统计资料汇编》显示，从1952年到1957年，农业产值增长了12．8%，工业产值增长为128．6%。

在全部工业产值中，以农产品为主要原料的产值约占50%左右，农副产品和用农业原料制成的工业品，在国内市场主要商品供应量中约占90%左右，在出口总额中约占75%左右。

上述材料反映了A．农业集体化有利于工业化 B．建立了完备的工业体系C．土地革命取得了一定成效 D．外贸出口额大幅度增长14.1971年5月美国总统尼克松说：“没有中华人民共和国及其七亿五千万人民的参加，是不能有稳定与持久的和平的。

正因为如此，我在好几个方面采取了主动行动，为两国之间的比较正常的关系敞开门户。

”这里的“主动行动”是指A．电示美国乒乓球队访华并宣布对华新步骤 B．派国安助理基辛格秘密访问中国C．尼克松亲自访华签署《中美联合公报》 D．接受中国三原则与中国正式建交15．1978年安徽遇到特大旱灾，省委书记万里说：“我们不能眼看着农村大片土地撂荒，……与其抛荒倒不如让农民个人耕种，充分发挥各自潜力，尽量多种‘保命麦’，渡过灾荒。

”于是省委决定“借地渡荒”，即借给每一个农民三分地用于种麦，对超产部分不计征购，归自己所有，利用荒山湖滩种植的粮油作物谁种谁收。

安徽省委的做法A．公开违背了社会主义原则B．肯定家庭联产承包责任制C．完全满足了群众的土地需求D．实际上否定了人民公社的生产方式16.苏格拉底在批判雅典政治时说：“一个国家……统治者不是有王笏的人，不是偶然选中的人，不是攫取财富的人，不是使用强术和骗术的人，而是有统治知识的人。

”由此推断，雅典当时的统治者是A．拥有雅典国籍的雅典人 B．雅典的全体成年男性C．抽签或选举的公职人员 D．有统治知识的雅典人17．近代西方有一位思想家主张：“要寻找出一种结合的形式，使它能以全部共同的力量来防御和保障每个结合者的人身和财富，并且由于这一结合而使每一个与全体相联合的个人又只不过是在服从自己本人，并且仍然像以往一样地自由。

”这一观点的理论依据是A．社会契约论 B．人民主权说 C．三权分立说 D．天赋人权说18．1762年，约翰·威尔克斯开始发行《苏格兰人》报，其中第45期刊出一篇文章，激烈谴责政府的对外政策，并对乔治三世本人进行攻击……这使乔治三世大为光火．授意政府将其逮捕。

威尔克斯是议员，享有特权不受逮捕，但乔治三世指使下院通过决议，剥夺他的议员资格。

……各阶层人们开始支持威尔克斯。

“威尔克斯与自由”成了当时流行的口号。

对上述材料解读正确的是A.下议院履行了对国王负责的义务B.乔治三世的做法符合《权利法案》C.英国议员享有司法豁免权D.英国民众享有民主平等权19．托克维尔在《旧制度与大革命》中指出“法国大革命前二十年，人口在增加，财富增长得更快。

……国家因战争负债累累；但是个人继续发财致富，他们变得更勤奋，更富于事业心，更有创造性……一场浩劫怎能避免呢？一方面是一个民族，其中发财欲望每日每时都在膨胀；另一方面是一个政府，它不断刺激这种新热情，又不断从中作梗，点燃了它又把它扑灭，就这样从两方面催促自己的毁灭。

”作者观点的实质是A．经济繁荣加速了革命的到来B．革命往往会在对苛政“感受最轻的地方”爆发C．专制社会里，民众会变得越来越自私自利D．中间势力难以生存的社会，是“最难摆脱专制政府的社会”20.达尔文的“进化论”作为一项自然科学的巨大成就，也对人类社会的政治和思想观念产生了很大影响。

下列分析正确的是A.成为欧洲启蒙运动批判专制统治的思想武器B.成为西方国家进一步扩张侵略的“理论依据”C.成为马克思提出暴力革命主张的思想渊源D.成为近代中华民族反帝反封建革命的理论依据21.《巴黎公社公告》第44号向人们宣布：“你们是自己命运的主人。

最近成立的代表机构在你们的支持下，将着手补救前政权造成的灾难：遭到破坏的工业，停顿下来的劳动，瘫痪的商业贸易，即将获得有力的推动。

”这在本质上表明A．巴黎公社是劳动人民的政权 B．巴黎公社旨在恢复发展生产C．巴黎公社获得劳动人民支持 D．巴黎公社是工商业代表机构22.《大国崛起》认为：“列宁时代，国家的经济政策具有相当的弹性；而斯大林则以强硬的手段加快了国家工业化的步伐。

”据此判定列宁与斯大林的经济政策分别是A．战时共产主义政策、新经济政策和斯大林模式B．战时共产主义政策、大规模的农业集体化政策C．新经济政策、国家工业化和农业全盘集体化运动D．战时共产主义政策、国家工业化和农业全盘集体化运动23.有人认为：“历史的发展有其自身的逻辑。

不管西方舆论对新自由主义医治资本主义‘经济痼疾’的功能如何赞美，资本主义的经济危机似乎总是不合时宜地袭来。

……在新自由主义盛行的这些年代，‘经济和金融危机已成为流行病’”这说明：A．资本主义社会因经济危机而步入绝境 B．经济危机是经济发展的必然结果C．新自由主义医治经济危机的作用有限 D．新自由主义导致经济危机的频繁发生24．阿登纳认为，“即使在处在民族国家的年代里，这个欧洲的政治和精神的生活基础也是共同一致的”。

他还厌恶军国主义的“普鲁士精神”，反对极权，认为是极权把国家和人民引向灾难。

……认为解决德法争端的途径是“在经济领域中建立起共同的利害关系”。

不属于上述材料的观点是A．德法和解拥有共同的文化和生活基础B．和解应建立在民主政治之上C．和解的主要途径应以经济合作为主D．经济合作可消除战争25．1850年，伦敦毫无疑问是世界金融体系的太阳，1950年，纽约成为全球财富的中心。

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