quality_assurance_legislative_translation_en
质量标准 英文
质量标准英文Quality Standards。
Quality standards are a set of guidelines and criteria used to ensure that products and services meet certain levels of excellence. These standards are essential in various industries, including manufacturing, healthcare, education, and more. By adhering to quality standards, organizations can improve efficiency, reduce waste, and enhance customer satisfaction.In the manufacturing sector, quality standards play a crucial role in ensuring the safety, reliability, and performance of products. For example, ISO 9001 is an international standard that sets out the criteria for a quality management system. Companies that are certified to ISO 9001 demonstrate their ability to consistently provide products and services that meet customer and regulatory requirements.In healthcare, quality standards are used to assess the performance of healthcare providers and improve patient outcomes. The Joint Commission, for instance, sets standards for hospitals and other healthcare organizations to ensure the quality and safety of patient care. By complying with these standards, healthcare facilities can enhance the overall patient experience and reduce medical errors.In education, quality standards are used to evaluate the effectiveness of educational programs and institutions. Accreditation bodies such as the Council for Higher Education Accreditation (CHEA) and the Accrediting Council for Independent Colleges and Schools (ACICS) establish criteria for evaluating the quality of educational institutions. By meeting these standards, schools and universities can demonstrate their commitment to providing high-quality education to students.Adhering to quality standards is also essential for businesses seeking to maintain a competitive edge in the market. By consistently delivering high-quality productsand services, companies can build a strong reputation and gain the trust of customers. This, in turn, can lead to increased customer loyalty and repeat business.In conclusion, quality standards are an integral partof ensuring the reliability, safety, and performance of products and services across various industries. Byadhering to these standards, organizations can improve efficiency, reduce waste, and enhance customer satisfaction. Whether in manufacturing, healthcare, education, or business, quality standards play a vital role in driving continuous improvement and excellence. It is imperative for organizations to prioritize the implementation and adherence to quality standards to remain competitive and meet the ever-evolving needs of their customers and stakeholders.。
QAA质量保证模版（英汉对照）
Annex 8Quality Assurance Agreement (QAA)质量保证协议REBS: hereinafter referred to as “Purchaser”莱伯斯：下称“买方”XXX : hereinafter referred to as “Contractor”XXX:下称“承包方”Issue date发布日期: 2009-10-10Doc. No. 文件号: 09107.XXX.08.00Contents目录Page页码1General总则3 2Records of the Contractor's qualifications承包方资质记录3 2.1Quality system质量体系3 2.2Welding approval焊接认可32.3 Other qualification records and permits其它资质记录和许可证 43 Quality plan质量计划4 4Quality reports 质量报告5 5Design control 设计控制5 5.1Design reviews 设计评审5 5.2Design verification 设计确认6 5.3Interface management 接口管理6 FMEA/FMECA (Failure Mode, Effects (and Criticality) Analysis)故障模式，影响（和风险）分析6 5.4Reliability analysis 可靠性分析7 6Software 软件7 7Fire protection 防火8 8Filing project documentation / Records项目文件和记录归档89 Declaration according to the list of prohibited substances与违禁物品清单相符的声明 810Purchasing 采购9 11Identification and traceability 标识和可追溯性9 12Inspection and testing 检验和试验10 12.1General inspections and tests 检验和试验总则10 12.2Inspection and testing planning 检验和试验计划12 12.3Inspection and test instructions检验和试验指导书14 12.4Quality records / test reports 质量记录和试验报告15 12.5Performing inspections and tests 检验和试验的执行16 13Delivery交付17 14Eliminating nonconformities不符合项的消除17 15Responsibility 责任18 16Access rights, inspections / tests at the Contractor's premises, audits 访问权，在承包方处的检验和试验，审核18 17Abbreviations缩略语19 18Appendices附录201 General总则QA requirements to be met by outsourced items and suppliers (Q0-Q8) are drawn up for every ordering operation, irrespective of the component concerned. Q0-Q8 describe the qualification records required with respect to the supplier and the product.They constitute a mandatory integral element of the contractual documentation for every order.不考虑相关的零部件，必须为每个订购活动制订满足外购项目或供方的质量保证要求（Q0-Q8）。
BEC高级必背词汇积累
BEC高级必背词汇积累为了帮助大家备考bec，积累更多词汇，下面小编帮大家整理好BEC高级商务英语必背词汇，望喜欢!BEC高级必背词汇积累1QC(=Quality Circle) n. 质检人员qualify v. 有资格，胜任qualified adj. 有资格的，胜任的，合格的qualification n. 资格，资格证明quality n. 质量quality assurance n. 质量保证quality control 质量控制，质量管理quarterly adj./adv. 季度的，按季度questionnaire n. 调查表，问卷quote n. 报价，股票牌价quotation n. 报价，股票牌价R&D Research and Development 研究与开发radically adv. 根本地，彻底地raise n. (美)增加薪金v. 增加，提高;提出，引起range n. 系列产品BEC高级必背词汇积累2rank n./v. 排名rapport n. 密切的关系，轻松愉快的气氛rate n. 比率，费用采集者退散fixed rate 固定费用，固定汇率going rate 现行利率，现行汇率rating 评定结果ratio n. 比率rationalise v. 使更有效，使更合理raw adj. 原料状态的，未加工的raw material n. 原材料BEC高级必背词汇积累3receive v. 得到receipt n. 收据receiver n. 接管人，清算人accounts receivable 应收帐receivership n. 破产管理recession n. 萧条reckon v. 估算，认为recognise v. 承认reconcile v. 使……相吻合，核对，调和recoup v. 扣除，赔偿recover v. 重新获得，恢复recovery n. 重获，恢复recruit v. 招聘，征募 n. 新招收的人员recruitment n. 新成员的吸收BEC高级必背词汇积累4red n. 红色in the red 赤字，负债reduce v. 减少reduction n. 减少redundant adj. 过多的，被解雇的redundancy n. 裁员，解雇reference n. 参考，参考资料reference number (Ref. No.) 产品的参考号码refund n./v. 归还，偿还region n. 地区。
质量保证 英语
质量保证英语Quality Assurance in EnglishQuality assurance is an important aspect of any production process, and it is no different when it comes to the realm of language learning. In the case of learning English, there are a number of steps that can be taken to ensure the quality of the learning experience. In this article, we will explore some of these steps and how they can help to improve the quality of English language learning.1. Curriculum DesignThe first step in ensuring quality in English language learning is through the design of the curriculum. A well-designed curriculum should take into consideration the needs and goals of the learners, as well as provide a comprehensive and balanced approach to language learning. Therefore, it should provide ample opportunities for listening, speaking, reading and writing. It is also important to ensure that the curriculum covers a variety of topics, such as grammar, vocabulary, and culture, among others.2. Instructor QualityThe quality of the instructor is also a critical factor in the quality of English language learning. A goodinstructor should have a strong command of the English language, as well as experience teaching English as a second language. They should also be able to present the curriculum in a clear and engaging manner, and be able to adjust their teaching styles to accommodate the needs of different learners. Additionally, the instructor should be approachableand willing to answer questions and provide support when needed.3. Technology IntegrationTechnology has become an increasingly important aspect of language learning, and integrating technology into the learning experience can help to enhance the quality of the learning process. Some examples of technology that can be used in English language learning include online resources, such as instructional videos and language apps, as well as multimedia tools, such as interactive whiteboards and language learning games.4. Assessment MethodsFinally, it is important to have an effective assessment system in place to ensure that learners are truly learning and making progress in their language skills. Assessment methods should be appropriate for the level of learners, as well as aligned with the curriculum objectives. This could include a variety of methods, such as written tests, oral presentations, and group projects, among others.In conclusion, there are a number of steps that can be taken to ensure the quality of English language learning. These include designing a comprehensive curriculum, employing highly qualified instructors, integrating technology into the learning experience, and implementing appropriate assessment methods. By following these steps, learners can gain the necessary language skills to communicate effectively in English.。
品质保证函 英文模版
品质保证函英文模版[Your Name][Your Address][City, ZIP Code][Email Address][Phone Number][Date][Company Name][Company Address][City, ZIP Code]Dear [Company Name],Subject: Quality Assurance LetterI am writing this letter to provide you with a quality assurance guarantee for the products/services provided by [Your Company Name]. We are dedicated to delivering nothing but the highest quality products/services to our customers.At [Your Company Name], we understand the importance of maintaining and exceeding the expectations of our clients. Therefore, we have implemented a rigorous quality assurance process throughout every stage of our operations, including but not limited to:1. Product/Service Development: Our dedicated team of professionals ensures that all our products/services are developed using the latest technology, best practices, and industry standards.We conduct extensive research and testing to guarantee that our offerings meet the highest quality standards.2. Supplier Selection: We carefully select our suppliers based on their reputation, reliability, and commitment to quality. Our suppliers go through a thorough vetting process to ensure that their products/services align with our quality assurance standards.3. Manufacturing/Service Delivery: Our manufacturing/service delivery processes are closely monitored to ensure consistent quality. We have implemented standardized operating procedures, regular quality control inspections, and performance evaluations to maintain the utmost quality in our products/services.4. Customer Support: Our commitment to quality extends beyond the initial purchase. We provide prompt and efficient customer support to address any concerns or issues our clients may encounter. We value customer feedback and continuously strive to improve our products/services based on their valuable input.In the rare event that a product/service falls short of the expected quality, we offer a comprehensive warranty and guarantee to rectify any issues promptly and free of charge.By assuring you of the highest quality products/services, we aim to build strong and long-lasting relationships with our clients. Your satisfaction is of utmost importance to us, and we are confident that our quality assurance measures will meet and exceed your expectations.Please do not hesitate to contact us if you have any further questions or need any additional information. We look forward to the opportunity of serving you with our superior quality products/services.Thank you for considering [Your Company Name].Yours sincerely,[Your Name][Your Company Name]。
qualityassurance
quality assuranceQuality AssuranceWhat is Quality Assurance?Quality assurance is the process of verifying or determining whether products or services meet or exceed customer expectations. Quality assurance is a process-driven approach with specific steps to help define and attain goals. This process considers design, development, production, and service.The most popular tool used to determine quality assurance is the Shewhart Cycle, developed by Dr. W. Edwards Deming. This cycle for quality assurance consists of four steps: Plan, Do, Check, and Act. These stepsare commonly abbreviated as PDCA.The four quality assurance steps within the PDCA model stand for: , Plan: Establish objectives and processes required to deliver the desired results., Do: Implement the process developed., Check: Monitor and evaluate the implemented process by testing the results against the predetermined objectives, Act: Apply actions necessary for improvement if the resultsrequirechanges.PDCA is an effective method for monitoring quality assurance because it analyzes existing conditions and methods used to provide the product or service customers. The goal is to ensure that excellence is inherent in every component of the process. Quality assurance also helps determine whether the steps used to provide the product or service are appropriate for the time and conditions. In addition, if the PDCA cycle is repeated throughout the lifetime of the product or service, it helps improve internal company efficiency.Quality assurance demands a degree of detail in order to be fully implemented at every step. Planning, for example, could include investigation into the quality of the raw materials used in manufacturing, the actual assembly, or the inspection processes used. The Checking stepcould include customer feedback, surveys, or other marketingvehicles todetermine if customer needs are being exceeded and why they are or are not. Acting could mean a total revision in the manufacturing process in order to correct a technical or cosmetic flaw.Competition to provide specialized products and services results in breakthroughs as well as long-term growth and change. Quality assurance verifies that any customer offering, regardless if it is new or evolved, is produced and offered with the best possible materials, in the most comprehensive way, with the highest standards. The goal to exceedcustomer expectations in a measurable and accountable process is provided by quality assurance.Quality Assurance Courses, Educational material may thus include Six Sigma and ISO 9000, whichare often perceived as industry-leading standards for qualityassurance. Students may also receive quality control training in systems analysis and failure as well as measurement science., After you become a quality control analyst with a particular employer,you will have specific quality control analyst training. This will teach youthe company's own techniques for quality assurance. This mayinclude reading meters and blueprints, adhering to strict safety standards, learning new computer programs and reporting results according to a predetermined style or template.Quality Control And QualityAssurance, When maintaining the data is key to tasks that involve the well-being ofindividuals, such as patients in a hospital or healthcare facility, dataquality control helps to prevent the development of misinformation thatcould have a detrimental impact on the treatment process, possibly placing the life of the patient in danger. Using a combination of dataquality control and quality assurance helps to keep data current, identify and correct inconsistencies, and in general keepinformationusable for a variety of purposes., Although the two terms are sometimes used interchangeably by job websites, there is a difference between quality control and quality assurance. Generally, quality control careers involve testing productsto ensure a minimum level of quality set by the manufacturer orgovernment regulation agencies.Quality Assurance Plan, The most popular tool used to determine quality assurance is the Shewhart Cycle, developed by Dr. W. Edwards Deming. This cycle for quality assurance consists of four steps: Plan, Do, Check, and Act.These steps are commonly abbreviated as PDCA., In attempts to improve the value of the business, a quality assuranceofficer devises new plans to advance the effectiveness of production practices. This typically entails the implementation of moreefficientsystems designed by the officer.Quality Assurance Jobs, For example, there are colleges in the United States that offer associatedegrees in quality control management. As quality assurance jobs become increasingly automated over time, knowledge of computerprogramming and software is likely become more and more essential for employees., The analyst validates the phone staff is friendly and personable duringinteractions with the customers. Quality assurance jobs typically require a strong knowledge of the business processes of anorganization.Quality Control And Assurance, Tools of this type are constantly gathering and arranging data in formats that quality control and assurance personnel can evaluate.Use of this type of automated software can make it possible to identifypotential quality issues before they have the chance to impact the customer, thus allowing the company to retain its good name as well asits client base., Although the two terms are sometimes used interchangeably by job websites, there is a difference between quality control and qualityassurance. Generally, quality control careers involve testing productsto ensure a minimum level of quality set by the manufacturer orgovernment regulation agencies., Quality Assurance Systems, Typical quality assurance officer responsibilities include analyzingbusiness needs and areas for improvement, developing newprocedures that ensure higher quality products or methods ofproduction, and defining budgetary needs and the proper distribution ofresources. Quality assurance officer jobs are available in a diverse array of fields, from manufacturing and construction to public serviceorganizations and food production facilities., Workers will also likely be taught proper techniques for quality control,safety, and blueprint reading. Most individuals with careers in qualityassurance work for manufacturing companies, where theirresponsibilities revolve around ensuring products are safe andundamaged.Quality Assurance Standards, Creating a good quality control process is a part of most successfulbusiness ventures. Maintaining high quality control standards can helpimprove company reputation and make the workplace safer and more pleasant for employees., Typical quality assurance officer responsibilities include analyzingbusiness needs and areas for improvement, developing newprocedures that ensure higher quality products or methods ofproduction, and defining budgetary needs and the proper distribution ofresources. Quality assurance officer jobs are available in a diverse array of fields, from manufacturing and construction to public serviceorganizations and food production facilities.What Does a Quality Assurance Director Do?A quality assurance director (QA Dir) is responsible for ensuringthat the overall standards of the company are met or exceeded within every area of the workplace. Often, a set of guidelines will be drafted by the quality assurance director to enforce the company’s values. The position is also often responsible for hiring skilled laborers, managing various developmental teams within the organization, and meeting withclients to design and modify products to fit their overall business needs. Anotherlarge aspect of this position is evaluating the performancehistories of both employees and machinery to discover more efficient methods of operation.The main responsibility of a quality assurance manager is theability tolead, because in large, complex businesses, it is almost impossiblefor one person to directly oversee every aspect of this position. Training department managers to locate and correct potential problems before they occur is a huge aspect of quality assurance, not only from a profit standpoint, but also from a safety standpoint. In some industries, quality assurance directors also work alongside the staff to create new products or improve existing ones, meaning that they have to beextremely organized and very flexible within their daily operations.In essence, all businesses ranging from a small mom-and-poprestaurant to a massive Fortune 500 company have a quality assurance director, even if that precise title is not given. Within smaller storefronts, these responsibilities may fall on the owner or the store manager, while inmid-size d companies, it may be the human relation’s director that handles these types of quality-control tasks. Large corporationsnormally havea full staff of employees that work directly under the quality assurance director to ensure that compliance is met within every facet of the business. Regardless of the actual title, none of those companies would remain in business long without this performance-driver leadership role. Candidates applying to become a quality assurance director normally have at least a bach elor’s degree within the particular field of interest andmanagerial experience from previous employment. Besides the physical aspects of the job, this position is often responsible for the overall morale within the working environment, so strong leadership and communication skills are also mandatory. A thorough knowledge of the various pieces of machinery within that type of industry is also a key component to receiving a formal interview for the position.What Does a Quality AssuranceManager Do?A quality assurance manager is responsible for supervising and managing the people who ensure that products and services meet customer expectations before the products go out on the market. He or she is generally ultimately responsible for the quality of the product in all stages of its development, from the factory to the market. Meeting customer expectations also plays a large role in this job. There are several responsibilities that a quality assurance manager has, although these might vary depending on the company for which he or she works. First, quality assurance managers must set the standards for quality. Inother words, the quality assurance manager decides what standards each product must meet. Second, he or she must ensure that the employees, as well as inspectors, understand the standards that have been set. In this regard, communication is very important.Another responsibility of a quality assurance manager is testing. In this stage, products are tested to make sure that they meet the standards that have been previously set. Finally, quality assurance managers often review customer feedback to see whether the standardsthat were set were acceptable to the customer and whether the products passed the quality inspections. They also are often responsible to make sure that certain laws are followed, depending on the products being manufactured. Quality assurance managers sometimes act as a go-between between the production development offices, where the standards are set, and the corporate offices of a company. They also might partake in strategic planning to find ways for the company to become more efficient in manufacturing quality products. They might use computer software to inspect quality or do physical inspections, or they might supervise those who do inspections.Often, quality assurance managers start their careers as entry-level quality inspectors or have some kind of experience in management. Two-year degree programs in quality management are offered for those interested in this type of career. Some companies require that managers have four-year degrees, and they often require a bachelor's degree in either business or engineering.In addition to possible education requirements, quality assurance managers might need licenses or special certifications, depending on the company. The most important aspect of the job is ensuring that the customer's expectations and requirements, as well as all safety requirements, are met. Attention to detail and administrative experience are also important aspects of quality assurance manager jobs, because managers supervise inspectors and test, inspect and adjust products to make sure that they meet the required standards.What Does a Quality AssuranceOfficer Do?A quality assurance officer is charged with creating, implementing, and managing a business's quality control processes. Typical quality assurance officer responsibilities include analyzing business needs and areas for improvement, developing new procedures that ensure higher quality products or methods of production, and defining budgetary needs and the proper distribution of resources. Quality assurance officer jobs are available in a diverse array of fields, from manufacturing and construction to public service organizations and food production facilities.One of the primary aspects of a quality assurance officer job description is the thorough review of company policies and procedures. The officer utilizes knowledge of various production techniques, company rules, and business standards to identify areas that can be improved upon. The goal of this function is to ensure an overall higher qualityof finished product, but it also aims to streamline production processes, better adhere to company rules and any applicable laws, and create more contented workers and customers.In attempts to improve the value of the business, a qualityassurance officer devises new plans to advance the effectiveness of production practices. This typically entails the implementation of more efficient systems designed by the officer. He or she oversees the execution of these new systems and may be called upon to providetraining to employees. The position is traditionally a supervisory one, and the quality assurance officer manages technicians and administrators within the quality control department.Drawing up budgets and appropriately allocating the necessary funds are important parts of any quality assurance officer's job. He or she identifies the need for and cost of any new equipment that may be required by a restructuring of quality control standards. The officer remains inclose communication with senior level employees and those in the finance department so as to better determine the financial scope of any necessary upgrades.To become a quality assurance officer, a candidate is typically required to have a minimum of a bachelor's degree in business, business administration, or management. Many employers look for applicants with a master's degree in one of these specialties. Quality assurance officers tend to have worked in a non-supervisory role within the business for alength of time, as either a technician or in another middle management position. Hiring for this role from within the company is important to many businesses since a candidate who has been with the organization has firsthand knowledge of the processes utilized in production.What Does a Quality AssuranceEngineer Do?Many manufacturing, engineering, software, and other development processes include steps for ensuring that products and services meet the needs and terms of the customer. A quality assurance engineer often performs steps to check a project at various stages of developmentin order to attest to the quality of what is being produced. In software engineering, a quality assurance engineer may be responsible for testing and debuggingsoftware code, while in hardware development, a quality assurance (QA) representative might be tasked with inspecting parts and assembly to ensure they meet government and client specifications. Most quality assurance engineers also review documentation and checklists developed for the project or program.While quality controls are in place at most stages of a product’s development and are within the roles of all team members on a project, a quality assurance engineer generally performs steps at the end of a benchmark or milestone of a program time-line. If a client requests a design development process with reviews at the preliminary stage and at each progressive phase, a QA engineer likely will be reviewing andsigning off as a last step in each phase. When an engineer finds a problem with quality at any of these stages, a product may be demotedfor improvements and moved through the cycle as many times as needed to meet expectations and requirements.Some companies have full-time devoted staff who provide quality assurance to a multitude of programs. Other firms may contract employees in order to complete one large-scale program or component of a program. Projects requiring official government overview, such as an aerospace upgrade of a military plane, for example, may utilize temporary on-site representatives who review and provide a QA stamp of approval based on federal guidelines as needed throughout a project term. Documentation often is a part of QA review a nd approval, as a product’s technical development and components often must be recorded as outlined in a contract.Generally a quality assurance engineer has a high level of experience in a discipline which enables understanding at many levels of a progra m’s development. However, sometimes a QA specialist can apply the same quality techniques from one discipline to another field. Having an understanding of the smallest components of a program with an ability to identify problems with the completed project as a whole is typically a talent of a QA engineer in any specialty.A unique skill of many QA professionals is the ability to test and even attempt to break a program or process in order to troubleshoot any potential problems before they become actual problems for end users.This can involve hours of software bugging and debugging, automotive and aeronautical road or flight testing, or hardware dynamics and temperaturetesting, depending on the field. Being able to identify issuesbefore they become issues for a customer often is a large part of what a quality assurance engineer does.What Does a Quality AssuranceAnalyst Do?The title of quality assurance analyst is most often used todescribe aprofessional who tests and tweaks program applications in a software development company. An analyst may also work in a manufacturing plant or service facility, overseeing production and suggesting ways to improve overall quality. In any setting, it is important for a quality assurance analyst to be highly detail-oriented and have excellent communication skills. He or she must be able to explain necessary changes to products and procedures and provide feedback to workers. Most quality insurance analysts are involved all phases of research, development, production, and distribution.A quality assurance analyst at a software firm tests programs to make sure they are reliable, fully functional, and user-friendly. He or she inspects thousands of lines of code to make sure they are entirely error-free. The analyst also looks for weaknesses in the program, such as an unappealing interface or a slow loading speed. A quality assuranceanalyst with the proper training may be able to make adjustments personally, but most professionals explain their findings to technicians instead so the correct tweaks can be made. Once a program is completed, the analyst reviews it once again before it is released to the public. Professionals who work in other industries typically share many of the same responsibilities. Instead of reviewing code, they may inspect engineering schematics and product prototypes. An analyst might help engineers identify shortcomings in current products and plan ways to improve new models. He or she also works alongside productionspecialists to make sure items are built according to specifications. Finally, analysts work with marketing experts to research customer satisfactionand consider feedback to determine if their products meet expectations. The qualifications to become a quality assurance analyst can vary. Most manufacturing plants and corporations prefer to hire analysts who havetaken at least some college coursework in business administrationanddemonstrated their skills in entry-level quality control or assurancetechnician jobs. A degree in programming, computer science, software engineering, or network administration may be needed order to workfora software development firm. Most new quality assurance analysts spendseveral weeks in training with experienced workers to learn about company-specific policies and procedures.An experienced quality assurance analyst usually has many opportunities for advancement in a large company. He or she may be able to become a supervisor over an entire quality control and assurance division. With continuing education, a professional can move into a top administrative or executive position.。
个人简历常用单词
name 姓名alias 别名pen name 笔名date of birth 出生日期birth date 出生日期born 出生于birth place 出生地点age 年龄native place 籍贯province 省city 市autonomous region 自治区prefecture 专区county 县nationality 民族，国籍citizenship 国籍duel citizenship 双重国籍address 地址current address 目前地址present address 目前地址permanent address 永久地址postal code 邮政编码home phone 住宅电话office phone 办公电话business phone 办公电话Tel.电话sex 性别male 男female 女height 身高weight 体重marital status 婚姻状况family status 家庭状况married 已婚single/unmarried 未婚divorced 离异separated 分居number of children 子女人数none 无street 街lane 胡同，巷road 路district 区house number 门牌health 健康状况health condition 健康状况blood type 血型short-sighted 近视far-sighted 远视color-blind 色盲ID card No.身份证号码date of availability 可到职时间available 可到职membership 会员，资格president 会长vice-president 副会长director 理事standing director 常务理事secretary general 秘书长society 学会association 协会research society 研究会education 学历educational background 教育程度educational history 学历curriculum 课程major 主修minor 副修educational highlights 课程重点部分curriculum included 课程包括specialized courses 专门课程courses taken 所学课程courses completed 所学课程special training 特别训练social practice 社会实践part-time jobs 业余工作summer jobs 暑期工作vacation jobs 假期工作refresher course 进修课程extracurricular activities 课外活动physical activities 体育活动recreational activities 娱乐活动academic activities 学术活动social activities 社会活动rewards 奖励scholarship 奖学金"Three Goods" student 三好学生excellent League member 优秀团员excellent leader 优秀干部student council 学生会off-job training 脱产培训in-job training 在职培训educational system 学制academic year 学年semester 学期（美）term 学期（英）president 校长vice-president 副校长dean 院长assistant dean 副院长academic dean 教务长department chairman 系主任professor 教授associate professor 副教授guest professor 客座教授lecturer 讲师teaching assistant助教research fellow 研究员research assistant 助理研究员supervisor 论文导师principal 中学校长（美）headmaster 中学校长（英）master 小学校长（美）dean of studies 教务长dean of students 教导主任dean of students 教导主任teacher 教师probation teacher 代课教师tutor 家庭教师governess 女家庭教师intelligence quotient 智商pass 及格fail 不及格marks 分数grades 分数scores 分数examination 考试grade 年级class 班级monitor 班长vice-monitor副班长commissary in charge of studies 学习委员commissary in charge of entertainment 文娱委员commissary in charge of sports 体育委员commissary in charge of physical labor 劳动委员Party branch secretary 党支部书记League branch secretary 团支部书记commissary in charge of organization 组织委员commissary in charge of publicity 宣传委员degree 学位post doctorate 博士后doctor (Ph.D) 博士master 硕士bachelor 学士student 学生graduate student研究生abroad student 留学生returned student 回国留学生foreign student 外国学生undergraduate 大学肄业生senior 大学四年级学生；高中三年级学生Junior 大学三年级学生；高中二年级学生sophomore 大学二年级学生；高中一年级学生freshman 大学一年级学生guest student 旁听生（英）auditor 旁听生（美）government-supported student 公费生commoner 自费生extern 走读生day-student 走读生intern 实习生prize fellow 奖学金生boarder 寄宿生classmate 同班同学schoolmate 同校同学graduate 毕业生accomplish 完成（任务等）achievements 工作成就，业绩adapted to 适应于adept in 善于administer 管理advanced worker 先进工作者analyze 分析appointed 被任命的assist 辅助authorized 委任的；核准的be promoted to 被提升为be proposed as 被提名为；被推荐为behave 表现breakthrough 惊人的进展，关键问题的解决break the record 打破记录business background 工作经历business experience 工作经历business history 工作经历conduct 经营，处理control 控制cost 成本；费用create 创造decrease 减少demonstrate 证明，示范design 设计develop 开发，发挥devise 设计，发明direct 指导double 加倍，翻一番duties职责earn 获得，赚取effect 效果，作用eliminate 消除employment experience工作经历employment record 工作经历employment 工作enlarge 扩大enliven 搞活enrich 使丰富establish 设立（公司等）；使开业；确立evaluation 估价，评价excellent League member 优秀团员excellent Party member 优秀党员execute 实行，实施expand 推广；扩大expedite 加快；促进experience 经历exploit开发（资源，产品）export 出口found 创立generate 产生good at 擅长于guide 指导；操纵implement 完成，实施import 进口improve 改进，提高increase 增加influence 影响initiate 创始，开创innovate 改革，革新inspired 受启发的；受鼓舞的install 安装integrate 使结合；使一体化introduce 采用，引进invent 发明invest 投资job title 职位justified 经证明的；合法化的launch 开办（新企业）lead 领导lengthen 延长lessen 减少（生产成本）level 水平localize 使地方化maintain 保持；维修make 制造manage 管理，经营manufacture 制造mastered 精通的modernize 使现代化motivate 促进，激发negotiate 谈判nominated 被提名的；被任命的occupational history 工作经历operate 操作，开动（机器等），经营（厂矿）organize 组织originate 创始，发明overcome 克服（困难等）participate in 参加perfect 使完善；改善perform 执行，履行plan 计划position 职位professional history 职业经历professional 职业经历profit 利润promote 生产，制造promote 推销（商品）；创立（企业）等provide 提供，供应raise 提高reach 达到realize 实现（目标等）；获得（利润）receive 收到，得到，接受recognize 认清（职责等）recommended 被推荐的；被介绍的reconsolidate 重新巩固；重新整顿reconstruct 重建recorded 记载的recover恢复；弥补rectify 整顿，调整redouble 加倍，倍增reduce 减少，降低（成本等）refine 精练，精制reform 改革regenerate 更新，使更生registered 已注册的regularize 使系统化regulate 控制（费用等）rehandle 重铸；重新处理rehash以新形式处理（旧材料）reinforce 加强reckon计算（成本等）renew 重建，换新renovate 革新；修理repair 修复，修补replace 接替，替换representative 代表，代理人research 调查，研究resolve 解决responsibilities 职责second job 第二职业set 创造（纪录等）settle 解决（问题等）shorten 减低......效能show 显示,表明significant 重要的,有效的simplify 简化,精简solve 解决sort out 清理specific experience 具体经历speed up 加速sponsor 主办spread 传播,扩大standard 标准,规格streamline 把......设计流线型strengthen 加强,巩固study研究succeed 成功supervise 监督,管理supply 供给,满足(需要)systematize 使系统化target 目标,指标test 试验,检验top 头等的,最高的total 总数,总额translate 翻译,转化travel 旅行unify 使成一体,统一use 使用，运用useful 有用的utilize 利用valuable 有价值的vivify 使活跃well-trained 训练有素的work experience 工作经历work history 工作经历work 工作,起作用working model 劳动模范worth 使......钱的,有......价值的able 有才干的，能干的active 主动的，活跃的adaptable 适应性强的adroit 灵巧的，机敏的aggressive 有进取心的alert 机灵的ambitious 有雄心壮志的amiable 和蔼可亲的amicable 友好的analytical 善于分析的apprehensive 有理解力的aspiring 有志气的，有抱负的audacious 大胆的，有冒险精神的capable 有能力的，有才能的careful 办事仔细的candid 正直的charitable 宽厚的competent 能胜任的confident 有信心的conscientious 认真的，自觉的considerate 体贴的constructive 建设性的contemplative 好沉思的cooperative 有合作精神的creative 富创造力的dashing 有一股子冲劲的，有拼搏精神的dedicated 有奉献精神的devoted 有献身精神的dependable 可靠的diplomatic 老练的，有策略的disciplined 守纪律的discreet （在行动，说话等方面）谨慎的dutiful 尽职的dynamic 精悍的earnest 认真的well-educated 受过良好教育的efficient 有效率的energetic 精力充沛的enthusiastic 充满热情的expressive 善于表达faithful守信的，忠诚的forceful （性格）坚强的frank 直率的，真诚的friendly 友好的frugal 俭朴的generous 宽宏大量的genteel 有教养的gentle 有礼貌的hard-working 勤劳的hearty 精神饱满的honest 诚实的hospitable 殷勤的humble恭顺的humorous 幽默的impartial 公正的independent 有主见的industrious 勤奋的ingenious 有独创性的initiative 首创精神have an inquiring mind 爱动脑筋intellective 有智力的intelligent 理解力强的inventive 有发明才能的，有创造力的just 正直的kind-hearted 好心的knowledgeable 有见识的learned 精通某门学问的liberal 心胸宽大的logical 条理分明的loyal 忠心耿耿的methodical 有方法的modest 谦虚的motivated 目的明确的objective 客观的open-minded 虚心的orderly 守纪律的original 有独创性的painstaking 辛勤的，苦干的，刻苦的practical 实际的precise 一丝不苟的persevering 不屈不挠的punctual 严守时刻的purposeful 意志坚强的qualified 合格的rational 有理性的realistic 实事求是的reasonable 讲道理的reliable 可信赖的responsible 负责的self-conscious 自觉的selfless 无私的sensible 明白事理的sincere 真诚的smart 精明的spirited 生气勃勃的sporting 光明正大的steady 塌实的straightforward 老实的strict 严格的systematic 有系统的strong-willed 意志坚强的sweet-tempered 性情温和的temperate 稳健的tireless 孜孜不倦的objective 目标career objective 职业目标employment objective 工作目标position wanted 希望职位job objective 工作目标position applied for 申请职位position sought 谋求职位position desired 希望职位for more specialized work 为更专门的工作for prospects of promotion 为晋升的前途for higher responsibility 为更高层次的工作责任for wider experience 为扩大工作经验due to close-down of company 由于公司倒闭due to expiry of employment 由于雇用期满offered a more challenging opportunity 获得的更有挑战性的工作机会sought a better job 找到了更好的工作to look for a more challenging opportunity 找一个更有挑战性的工作机会to seek a better job 找一份更好的工作大学英语College English高等数学Advanced Mathematics体育Physical Education军事理论Military Theory机械制图Mechanical Graphing算法语言Algorithmic Language大学物理College Physics物理实验Experiment of College Physics线性代数Linear Algebra 法律基础Fundamentals of Law普通物理General Physics普通物理实验Lab of General Physics复变函数与积分变换Functions of Complex V ariables& Integral Transformations电路理论Theory of Circuitry电路测试技术Circuit Measurement Technology概率论与随机过程Probability Theory & Stochasti cProcess信号与线性系统Signal & Linear System电子线路Circuitry脉冲与数字电路Pulse & Numerical Circuitry金工实习Metalworking Practice电工实习Electrical Engineering PracticeCET-4College English Test (Band 4)电子线路实验Experiment in Electronic Circuitry微机原理Principle of Microcomputer电磁场与电磁波Electromagnetic Fields & MagneticWaves电机电器与供电Motor Elements and Power Supply计算方法Computational Method软件技术基础Basis of Software Technique微波技术Microwave Technique通讯原理Principle of Communication数字信号处理Digital Signal Processing微机实验Experiment of Microcomputer计算机接口技术Computer Interface Technologyc 语言 C languageCET-6College English Test (Band 6)工业企业管理Industrial Enterprise Management移动通讯Moving Communication光纤通讯系统Fiber Optical Communication System可靠性技术导论Introduction to Reliability Technology卫星通信Satellite Communications电视原理Television Operation数字图象处理Digital Image Processing专业英语Specialty English情报检索Information Searches毕业设计Graduation Thesis自动控制理论Automatic Control Theory模拟电子电路Analogical Electronics数字电子电路Digital Electronics资本主义经济Economy of Capitalism马克思主义原理Principle of Marxism机械原理Principle of Mechanic机械设计Mechanic Design最优控制Optimum Control微机控制技术Microcomputer Control Technology过程控制Procedure Control自动控制系统Automatic Control System半导体变流技术Semiconductor converting Technique运筹学Operational Research自动检测技术Auto-Measurement Technique传感器原理Principle of Sensing Device单片机原理Principle of Single-Chip computer立法机关LEGISLA TURE中华人民共和国主席/副主席President/Vice President, the People’s Republic of China全国人大委员长/副委员长Chairman/Vice Chairman, National People’s Congress秘书长Secretary-General主任委员Chairman委员Member（地方人大）主任Chairman, Local People’s Congress 人大代表Deputy to the People’s Congress政府机构GOVERNMENT ORGANIZA TION国务院总理Premier, State Council国务委员State Councilor秘书长Secretary-General（国务院各委员会）主任Minister in Charge ofCommission for（国务院各部）部长Minister部长助理Assistant Minister司长Director局长Director省长Governor常务副省长Executive V ice Governor自治区人民政府主席Chairman, Autonomous Regional People’s Government地区专员Commissioner, prefecture香港特别行政区行政长官Chief Executive, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region市长/副市长Mayor/V ice Mayor区长Chief Executive, District Government县长Chief Executive, County Government乡镇长Chief Executive, Township Government秘书长Secretary-General办公厅主任Director, General Office（部委办）主任Director处长/副处长Division Chief/Deputy Division Chief科长/股长Section Chief科员Clerk/Officer发言人Spokesman顾问Adviser参事Counselor巡视员Inspector/Monitor特派员Commissioner外交官衔DIPLOMA TIC RANK特命全权大使Ambassador Extraordinary and plenipotentiary公使Minister代办Charge d’Affaires临时代办Charge d’Affaires ad Interim 参赞Counselor政务参赞Political Counselor商务参赞Commercial Counselor经济参赞Economic Counselor新闻文化参赞Press and Cultural Counselor公使衔参赞Minister-Counselor商务专员Commercial Attaché经济专员Economic Attaché文化专员Cultural Attaché商务代表Trade Representative一等秘书First Secretary武官Military Attaché档案秘书Secretary-Archivist专员/随员Attaché总领事Consul General领事Consul司法、公证、公安JUDICIARY,NOTARY AND PUBLICSECURITY人民法院院长President, People’s Courts人民法庭庭长Chief Judge, People’s Tribunals审判长Chief Judge审判员Judge书记Clerk of the Court法医Legal Medical Expert法警Judicial Policeman人民检察院检察长Procurator-General, People’s procuratorates监狱长Warden律师Lawyer公证员Notary Public总警监Commissioner General警监Commissioner警督Supervisor警司Superintendent警员Constable政党POLITICAL PARTY中共中央总书记General Secretary, the CPC Central Committee政治局常委Member, Standing Committee of PoliticalBureau, the CPC Central Committee政治局委员Member, Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee书记处书记Member, secretariat of the CPC Central Committee中央委员Member, Central Committee候补委员Alternate Member…省委/市委书记Secretary,…Provincial/Munic ipal Committee of the CPC党组书记secretary, Party Leadership Group社会团体NONGOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZA TION会长President主席Chairman名誉顾问Honorary Adviser理事长President理事Trustee/Council Member总干事Director-General总监Director工商金融INDUSTRIAL, COMMERCIAL AND BANKING COMMUNITIES名誉董事长Honorary Chairman董事长Chairman执行董事Executive Director总裁President总经理General Manager; C.E.O(Chief Executive Officer) 经理Manager财务主管Controller公关部经理PR Manager营业部经理Business Manager销售部经理Sales Manager推销员Salesman采购员Purchaser导演Director演员Actor画师Painter指挥Conductor编导Scenarist录音师Sound Engineer舞蹈编剧Choreographer美术师Artist制片人Producer剪辑导演Montage Director配音演员Dubber摄影师Cameraman化装师Make-up Artist舞台监督Stage Manager售货员Sales Clerk领班Captain经纪人Broker高级经济师Senior Economist高级会计师Senior Accountant注册会计师Certified Public Accountant出纳员Cashier审计署审计长Auditor-General, Auditing Administration 审计师Senior Auditor审计员Auditing Clerk统计师Statistician统计员Statistical Clerk厂长factory Managing Director车间主任Workshop Manager工段长Section Chief作业班长Foreman仓库管理员Storekeeper教授级高级工程师Professor of Engineering高级工程师Senior Engineer 技师Technician建筑师Architect设计师Designer机械师Mechanic化验员Chemical Analyst质检员Quality Inspector高级农业师Senior Agronomist农业师Agronomist助理农业师Assistant Agronomist农业技术员Agricultural Technician中国科学院院长President, Chinese Academy of Sciences 主席团执行主席Executive Chairman科学院院长President(Academies)学部主任Division Chairman院士Academician大学校长President, University中学校长Principal, Secondary School小学校长Headmaster, Primary School学院院长Dean of College校董事会董事Trustee, Board of Trustees教务主任Dean of Studies总务长Dean of General Affairs注册主管Registrar系主任Director of Department/Dean of the Faculty客座教授Visiting Professor交换教授Exchange Professor名誉教授Honorary Professor班主任Class Adviser特级教师Teacher of Special Grade研究所所长Director, Research Institute研究员Professor副研究员Associate Professor助理研究员Research Associate研究实习员Research Assistant高级实验师Senior Experimentalist实验师Experimentalist助理实验师Assistant Experimentalist实验员Laboratory Technician教授Professor副教授Associate Professor讲师Instructor/Lecturer助教Assistant高级讲师Senior Lecturer讲师Lecturer助理讲师Assistant Lecturer教员Teacher指导教师Instructor主任医师（讲课）Professor of Medicine主任医师（医疗）Professor of Treatment儿科主任医师Professor of Paediatrics主治医师Doctor-in-charge外科主治医师Surgeon-in-charge内科主治医师Physician-in-charge眼科主治医师Oculist-in-charge妇科主治医师Gynaecologist-in-charge牙科主治医师Dentist-in-charge医师Doctor医士Assistant Doctor主任药师Professor of Pharmacy主管药师Pharmacist-in-charge药师Pharmacist药士Assistant Pharmacist主任护师Professor of Nursing主管护师Nurse-in-charge护师Nurse Practitioner护士Nurse主任技师Senior Technologist主管技师Technologist-in-charge技师Technologist技士Technician总编辑Editor-in-chief高级编辑Full Senior Editor主任编辑Associate Senior Editor编辑Editor助理编辑Assistant Editor高级记者Full Senior Reporter主任记者Associate Senior Reporter记者Reporter助理记者Assistant Reporter编审Professor of Editorship编辑Editor助理编辑Assistant Editor技术编辑Technical Editor技术设计员Technical Designer校对Proofreader译审Professor of Translation翻译Translator/Interpreter助理翻译Assistant Translator/Interpreter广播电视RADIO AND TELEVISION电台/电视台台长Radio/TV Station Controller 播音指导Director of Announcing主任播音员Chief Announcer播音员Announcer电视主持人TV Presenter电台节目主持人Disk JockeyA. 肉品类(鸡, 猪, 牛)Fresh Grade Legs 大鸡腿Fresh Grade Breast 鸡胸肉Chicken Drumsticks 小鸡腿Chicken Wings 鸡翅膀Minced Steak 绞肉Pigs Liver 猪肝Pigs feet 猪脚Pigs Kidney 猪腰Pigs Hearts 猪心Pork Steak 没骨头的猪排Pork Chops 连骨头的猪排Rolled Porkloin 卷好的腰部瘦肉Rolled Pork Belly 卷好的腰部瘦肉连带皮Pork sausage meat 做香肠的绞肉Smoked Bacon 醺肉Pork Fillet 小里肌肉Spare Rib Pork chops 带骨的瘦肉Spare Rib of Pork 小排骨肉Pork ribs 肋骨可煮汤食用Black Pudding 黑香肠Pork Burgers 汉堡肉Pork-pieces 一块块的廋肉Pork Dripping 猪油滴Lard 猪油Hock 蹄膀Casserole Pork 中间带骨的腿肉Joint 有骨的大块肉Stewing Beef 小块的瘦肉Steak & Kidney 牛肉块加牛腰Frying steak 可煎食的大片牛排Mimced Beef 牛绞肉Rump Steak 大块牛排Leg Beef 牛键肉OX-Tail 牛尾OX-heart 牛心OX-Tongues 牛舌Barnsley Chops 带骨的腿肉Shoulder Chops 肩肉Porter House Steak 腰上的牛排肉Chuck Steak 头肩肉筋、油较多Tenderised Steak 拍打过的牛排Roll 牛肠Cowhells 牛筋Pig bag 猪肚Homeycome Tripe 蜂窝牛肚Tripe Pieces 牛肚块Best thick seam 白牛肚B. 海产类Herring 鲱Salmon 鲑Cod 鳕Tuna 鲔鱼Plaice 比目鱼Octopus 章鱼Squid 乌贼Dressed squid 花枝Mackerel 鲭Haddock 北大西洋产的鳕鱼Trout 鳟鱼、适合蒸来吃Carp 鲤鱼Cod Fillets 鳕鱼块，可做鱼羹，或炸酥鱼片都很好吃Conger (Eel) 海鳗Sea Bream 海鲤Hake 鳕鱼类Red Mullet 红鲣，可煎或红烧来吃Smoked Salmon 熏鲑*Smoked mackerel with crushed pepper corn 带有黑胡椒粒的熏鲭*Herring roes 鲱鱼子Boiled Cod roes 鳕鱼子Oyster 牡蛎Mussel 蚌、黑色、椭圆形、没壳的即为淡菜Crab 螃蟹Prawn 虾Crab stick 蟹肉条Peeled Prawns 虾仁King Prawns 大虾Winkles 田螺Whelks Tops 小螺肉Shrimps 小虾米Cockles 小贝肉Labster 龙虾C. 蔬果类Potato 马铃薯Carrot 红萝卜Onion 洋葱Aubergine 茄子Celery 芹菜White Cabbage 包心菜Red cabbage 紫色包心菜Cucumber 大黄瓜Tomato 蕃茄Radish 小红萝卜Mooli 白萝卜Watercress 西洋菜Baby corn 玉米尖Sweet corn 玉米Cauliflower 白花菜Spring onions 葱Garlic 大蒜Ginger 姜Chinese leaves 大白菜Leeks 大葱Mustard & cress 芥菜苗Green Pepper 青椒Red pepper 红椒Y ellow pepper 黄椒Mushroom 洋菇Broccoliflorets 绿花菜Courgettes 绿皮南瓜，形状似小黄瓜，但不可生食Coriander 香菜Dwarf Bean 四季豆Flat Beans 长形平豆Iceberg 透明包心菜Lettuce 莴苣菜Swede or Turnip 芜菁Okra 秋葵Chillies 辣椒Eddoes 小芋头Taro 大芋头Sweet potato 蕃薯Spinach 菠菜Beansprots 绿豆芽Peas 碗豆Corn 玉米粒Sprot 高丽小菜心Lemon 柠檬Pear 梨子Banana 香蕉Grape 葡萄Golden apple 黄绿苹果、脆甜Granny smith 绿苹果、较酸Bramleys 可煮食的苹果Peach 桃子Orange 橙Strawberry 草莓Mango 芒果Pine apple 菠萝Kiwi 奇异果Starfruit 杨桃Honeydew-melon 蜜瓜Cherry 樱桃Date 枣子lychee 荔枝Grape fruit 葡萄柚Coconut 椰子Fig 无花果D. 其它Long rice 长米，较硬，煮前先泡一个小时Pudding rice or short rice 短米，较软Brown rice 糙米THAI Fragrant rice 泰国香米*Glutinous rice 糯米*Strong flour 高筋面粉Plain flour 中筋面粉Self- raising flour 低筋面粉Whole meal flour 小麦面粉Brown sugar 砂糖（泡奶茶、咖啡适用）dark Brown Sugar 红糖（感冒时可煮姜汤时用）Custer sugar 白砂糖（适用于做糕点）Icing Sugar 糖粉Rock Sugar 冰糖Noodles 面条Instant noodles 方便面Soy sauce 酱油，分生抽浅色及老抽深色两种Vinger 醋Cornstarch 太白粉Maltose 麦芽糖Sesame Seeds 芝麻Sesame oil 麻油Oyster sauce 蚝油Pepper 胡椒Red chilli powder 辣椒粉Sesame paste 芝麻酱Beancurd sheet 腐皮Tofu 豆腐Sago 西贾米Creamed Coconut 椰油Monosidum glutanate 味精Chinese red pepper 花椒Salt black bean 豆鼓Dried fish 鱼干Sea vegetable or Sea weed 海带Green bean 绿豆Red Bean 红豆Black bean 黑豆Red kidney bean 大红豆Dried black mushroom 冬菇Pickled mustard-green 酸菜Silk noodles 粉丝Agar-agar 燕菜Rice-noodle 米粉Bamboo shoots 竹笋罐头Star anise 八角Wantun skin 馄饨皮Dried chestuts 干粟子Tiger lily buds 金针Red date 红枣Water chestnuts 荸荠罐头Mu-er 木耳Dried shrimps 虾米Cashewnuts 腰果CCD 分辨率CCD Pixels影像分辨率Image SizeISO 感光度Sensitivity镜头性能Lens数字变焦Digital Zoom自动对焦Autofocus手动对焦Manualfocus 一般对焦范围General Shooting Distanc 近拍对焦范围Macro Shooting Distance 光圈范围Aperture Range白平衡White Balance快门速度Shutter内建闪光灯Built-in Flash外接闪光灯Supported Speedlights闪光灯模式Flash Mode曝光补偿Exposure Compensation测光方式Exposure Metering光圈先决Aperture-Priority Auto快门先决Shutter-Priority Auto连拍Continuous Capture Modes远程遥控Remote三角架使用Tripod Mount自拍Self-Timer储存媒体Storage Media随机附赠内存Attached Storage不压缩格式Uncompressed Image Format 压缩格式Compressed Image Format画质选择Tuning观景窗V iewfinder液晶屏幕LCD Display视讯输出V ideo Output序列接口Serial InterfacesUSB 接口USB InterfacesIrDA接口(红外线）IrDA Interfaces自动对焦控制方式Autofocus Control闪光灯指数Guide Number重量Weight尺寸规格Dimensions使用电池/电池寿命Power/ Battery Life 工作语言Working Languages南非语Afrikaans阿尔巴尼亚语Albanian阿姆哈拉语Amharic阿拉伯语Arabic亚美尼亚语Armenian阿塞拜疆语Azerbaidzhan孟加拉语Bengali保加利亚语Bulgarian缅甸语Burmese白俄罗斯语Byelorussian汉语Chinese捷克语Czech丹麦语Danish荷兰语Dutch英语English爱沙尼亚语Estonian芬兰语Finnish佛兰芒语Flemish法语French盖尔语Gaelic格鲁吉亚语Georgian德语German希腊语Greek吉吉拉特语Gujarati希伯来语Hebrew印地语Hindi匈牙利语Hungarian冰岛语Icelandic印度尼西亚语Indonesian意大利语Italian日语Japanese哈萨克语Kazakh高棉语Khmer吉尔吉斯语Kirgiz斯瓦希里语Kiswahili朝鲜语Korean老挝语Lao拉托维亚语Latvian立陶宛语Lithuanian马尔加什语Malagasy马来语Malay马耳他语Maltese摩尔达维亚语Moldavian蒙古语Mongolian尼泊尔语Nepali挪威语Norwegian旁遮普语Panjabi波斯语Persian波兰语Polish葡萄牙语Portuguese罗马尼亚语Romanian俄语Russian塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语Serbo-Croatian 僧伽罗语Sinhalese斯洛伐克语Slovak索马里语Somali西班牙语Spanish瑞典语Swedish塔吉克语Tadzhik他加禄语Tagalog泰语Thai土库曼语Turkhmen土耳其语Turkish乌克兰语Ukrainian乌尔都语Urdu乌兹别克语Uzbek越南语V ietnamese地理类GEOGRAPHIC A TTRIBUTES 全球的Global发展中国家Developing countries发达国家Developed countries 非洲AFRICA北非North Africa阿尔及利亚Algeria埃及Egypt利比亚Libya毛里塔尼亚Mauritania摩洛哥Morocco突尼斯Tunisia中非Central Africa布隆迪Burundi喀麦隆Cameroon中非共和国Central African Republic乍得Chad刚果Congo加篷Gabon卢旺达Rwanda扎伊尔Zaire西非West Africa贝宁Benin布基纳法索Burkina Faso佛得角Cape V erde科特迪瓦Cote d''Ivoire赤道几内亚Equatorial Guinea冈比亚Gambia加纳Ghana几内亚Guinea几内亚-比绍Guinea-Bissau利比里亚Liberia马里Mali尼日尔Niger尼日利亚Nigeria圣多美和普林西比Sao Tome and Principe 塞内加尔Senegal塞拉利昂Sierra Leone多哥Togo南部非洲Southern Africa安哥拉Angola博茨瓦纳Botswana莱索托Lesotho马拉维Malawi莫桑比克Mozambique纳米比亚Namibia南非South Africa斯威士兰Swaziland赞比亚Zambia津巴布韦Zimbabwe东非East Africa科摩罗Comoros吉布提Djibouti埃塞俄比亚Ethiopia肯尼亚Kenya马达加斯加Madagascar毛里求斯Mauritius塞舌尔Seychelles索马里Somalia苏丹Sudan乌干达Uganda坦桑尼亚Tanzania厄立特里亚Eritrea美洲AMERICAS北美洲North America加拿大Canada美利坚合众国United States of America墨西哥Mexico中美洲Central America哥斯达黎加Costa Rica萨尔瓦多El Salvador危地马拉Guatemala洪都拉斯Honduras尼加拉瓜Nicaragua巴拿马Panama加勒比地区Caribbean Area安提瓜和巴布达Antigua and Barbuda巴哈马Bahamas巴巴多斯Barbados伯利兹Belize古巴Cuba多米尼克国Dominica多米尼加共和国Dominican Republic格林纳达Grenada海地Haiti牙买加Jamaica圣卢西亚St Lucia圣基茨和尼维斯St Kitts and Nevis圣文森特和格林纳丁斯St V incent and the Grenadines 特立尼达和多巴哥Trinidad and Tobago安圭拉Anguilla百幕大Bermuda蒙特塞拉特Montserrat南美洲South America阿根廷Argentina玻利维亚Bolivia巴西Brazil智利Chile哥伦比亚Colombia尼瓜多尔Ecuador圭亚那Guyana巴拉圭Paraguay秘鲁Peru乌拉圭Uruguay委内瑞拉V enezuela苏里南Suriname二十四个节气二十四节气The 24 Solar Terms 立春Spring begins.雨水The rains.惊蛰Insects awaken.春分V ernal Equinox清明Clear and bright.谷雨Grain rain.立夏Summer begins.小满Grain buds.芒种Grain in ear.夏至Summer solstice.小暑Slight heat.大暑Great heat.立秋Autumn begins.处暑Stopping the heat.白露White dews.秋分Autumn Equinox.寒露Cold dews.霜降Hoar-frost falls.立冬Winter begins.小雪Light snow.大雪Heavy snow.冬至Winter Solstice.小寒Slight cold.大寒Great coldwedding ceremony结婚典礼wedding anniversary结婚纪念日bride新娘bridegroom or groom新郎officiator主婚人pastor牧师groomsman伴郎bridesmaid伴娘honeymoon蜜月kettle水壶whistling kettle鸣笛水壶whistle鸣笛teapot茶壶toaster烤箱refrigerator-freezer, fridge-freezer冰箱dishwasher洗碗机draining board沥水板microwave微波炉cooker灶food processor食品加工机blender搅拌机fruit and vegetable juice extractor果汁机corkscrew开塞钻bottle cap opener瓶盖启子pot锅stew pot炖锅cover, lid锅盖handle锅耳frying pan煎锅handle锅把pressure cooker压力锅pressure valve压力阀wok炒勺electric wok电炒勺ladle勺rolling pin擀面杖boil煮fry煎鸡蛋deep-fry炸steam蒸broil, grill烧烤roast烤bake烘shell剥,剥皮peel削,削皮slice切片chop切碎shred切丝dice切丁grate磨beat打knead和toss拌mash捣,捣成泥sift筛drain捞Assembly line 组装线Layout 布置图Conveyer 流水线物料板Rivet table 拉钉机Rivet gun 拉钉枪Screw driver 起子Pneumatic screw driver 气动起子worktable 工作桌OOBA开箱检查fit together 组装在一起fasten 锁紧(螺丝)fixture 夹具(治具)pallet 栈板barcode 条码barcode scanner 条码扫描器fuse together 熔合fuse machine热熔机repair修理operator作业员QC品管supervisor 课长ME 制造工程师MT 制造生技cosmetic inspect 外观检查inner parts inspect 内部检查thumb screw 大头螺丝lbs. inch 镑、英寸EMI gasket 导电条front plate 前板rear plate 后板chassis 基座bezel panel 面板power button 电源按键reset button 重置键Hi-pot test of SPS 高源高压测试V oltage switch of SPS 电源电压接拉键sheet metal parts 冲件plastic parts 塑胶件SOP 制造作业程序material check list 物料检查表work cell 工作间trolley 台车carton 纸箱sub-line 支线left fork 叉车personnel resource department 人力资源部production department生产部门planning department企划部QC Section品管科stamping factory冲压厂painting factory烤漆厂molding factory成型厂common equipment常用设备uncoiler and straightener整平机punching machine 冲床robot机械手hydraulic machine油压机lathe车床planer |plein|刨床miller铣床grinder磨床linear cutting线切割electrical sparkle电火花welder电焊机staker=reviting machine铆合机position职务president董事长general manager总经理special assistant manager特助factory director厂长department director部长deputy manager | =vice manager副理section supervisor课长deputy section supervisor =vice section superisor副课长group leader/supervisor组长line supervisor线长assistant manager助理to move, to carry, to handle搬运be put in storage入库pack packing包装to apply oil擦油to file burr 锉毛刺final inspection终检to connect material接料to reverse material 翻料wet station沾湿台Tiana天那水cleaning cloth抹布to load material上料to unload material卸料to return material/stock to退料scraped |'skr?pid|报废scrape ..v.刮;削deficient purchase来料不良manufacture procedure制程deficient manufacturing procedure制程不良oxidation |' ksi'dei?n|氧化scratch刮伤dents压痕defective upsiding down抽芽不良defective to staking铆合不良embedded lump镶块feeding is not in place送料不到位stamping-missing漏冲production capacity生产力education and training教育与训练proposal improvement提案改善spare parts=buffer备件forklift叉车trailer=long vehicle拖板车compound die合模die locker锁模器pressure plate=plate pinch压板bolt螺栓administration/general affairs dept总务部automatic screwdriver电动启子thickness gauge厚薄规gauge(or jig)治具power wire电源线buzzle蜂鸣器defective product label不良标签identifying sheet list标示单location地点present members出席人员subject主题conclusion结论decision items决议事项responsible department负责单位pre-fixed finishing date预定完成日approved by / checked by / prepared by核准/审核/承办PCE assembly production schedule sheet PCE组装厂生产排配表model机锺work order工令revision版次remark备注production control confirmation生产确认checked by初审approved by核准department部门stock age analysis sheet 库存货龄分析表on-hand inventory现有库存available material良品可使用obsolete material良品已呆滞to be inspected or reworked 待验或重工total合计cause description原因说明part number/ P/N 料号type形态item/group/class类别quality品质prepared by制表notes说明year-end physical inventory difference analysis sheet 年终盘点差异分析表physical inventory盘点数量physical count quantity帐面数量difference quantity差异量cause analysis原因分析raw materials原料materials物料finished product成品semi-finished product半成品packing materials包材good product/accepted goods/ accepted parts/good parts良品defective product/non-good parts不良品disposed goods处理品warehouse/hub仓库on way location在途仓oversea location海外仓spare parts physical inventory list备品盘点清单spare molds location模具备品仓skid/pallet栈板tox machine自铆机wire EDM线割EDM放电机coil stock卷料sheet stock片料tolerance工差score=groove压线。
质量保障措施翻译英文
质量保障措施翻译英文Quality Assurance MeasuresIntroduction:In today's highly competitive business environment, quality assurance has become a critical aspect for organizations across various industries. Quality assurance refers to the systematic approach taken to ensure that products or services meet or exceed customer expectations. It involves implementing processes, practices, and methodologies to minimize defects, reduce risks, and continuously improve the quality of deliverables. This article aims to explore the different quality assurance measures that organizations can adopt to ensure the highest level of quality in their products or services.1. Defining Quality Standards:The first step in ensuring quality is to define clear and specific quality standards. These standards should align with customer expectations and industry best practices. Organizations should develop quality control checklists or guidelines that clearly outline the criteria for acceptable quality. These standards should cover all aspects of the product or service, including design, functionality, performance, safety, and reliability.2. Continuous Training and Skill Development:Providing continuous training and skill development opportunities to employees is vital for maintaining quality standards. Regular training sessions should be conducted to update employees on the latest quality control techniques and industry trends. This will ensure that employees remain knowledgeable and up-to-date withthe best practices in their respective fields. Skill development programs can also be implemented to improve employees' technical skills and expertise.3. Comprehensive Testing and Inspection:Thorough testing and inspection play a crucial role in quality assurance. Organizations should establish robust testing procedures to verify that products or services meet the defined quality standards. This may involve conducting different types of tests, such as functionality testing, performance testing, reliability testing, and compatibility testing. Additionally, inspection processes should be implemented at various stages of the production or service delivery process to identify and rectify any quality issues before they reach the customers.4. Process Standardization and Documentation:Standardizing processes and documenting them is essential for maintaining consistency and quality. Organizations should develop documented procedures and guidelines that provide step-by-step instructions on how to carry out various tasks. This documentation ensures that all employees follow the same processes and that there is no deviation from the established quality standards. Regular audits should also be conducted to ensure compliance with the documented processes.5. Supplier Evaluation and Quality Control:Many organizations rely on suppliers to provide them with raw materials or components. To ensure the quality of the final product, organizations should establish an evaluation system for suppliers. This includes assessing suppliers' quality control measures, theiradherence to specifications, and their ability to consistently deliver high-quality materials. Regular communication and feedback should be established with suppliers to address any quality issues promptly.6. Customer Feedback and Satisfaction Surveys:Listening to customer feedback and measuring customer satisfaction is essential for quality assurance. Organizations should establish feedback mechanisms, such as customer complaint hotlines or online feedback forms, to gather information on customer experiences and possible quality issues. Regular satisfaction surveys can also be conducted to gauge customer satisfaction levels and identify areas for improvement. This feedback should be carefully analyzed, and appropriate actions should be taken to address any identified shortcomings.7. Root Cause Analysis and Corrective Actions:When quality issues are identified, it is important to conduct root cause analysis to understand the underlying reasons. This analysis helps to identify the root causes of defects or failures and enables organizations to implement effective corrective actions. Implementing preventive measures based on root cause analysis helps to minimize the occurrence of similar issues in the future. Continuous monitoring and analysis of quality-related data can also help in identifying potential issues before they have a significant impact on product or service quality.8. Performance Evaluation and Recognition:Establishing a performance evaluation system that rewards and recognizes employees for their contributions to quality assurance iscrucial for maintaining high-quality standards. This system should be transparent, fair, and objective, taking into account both individual and team performance. Recognizing and rewarding employees who consistently deliver high-quality results encourages others to strive for excellence and creates a culture of quality within the organization.Conclusion:Implementing comprehensive quality assurance measures is essential for organizations to deliver products or services that consistently meet or exceed customer expectations. By defining clear quality standards, providing continuous training and skill development opportunities, conducting thorough testing and inspection, standardizing processes, evaluating suppliers, gathering customer feedback, conducting root cause analysis, and recognizing employee performance, organizations can ensure that they consistently deliver high-quality outcomes. Continuous improvement and a relentless focus on quality are key to achieving long-term success and competitiveness in today's market.。
质量标准 英文
质量标准英文Quality Standards。
Quality standards are a set of criteria that are usedto measure and evaluate the quality of a product or service. These standards are essential for ensuring that productsand services meet the expectations and requirements of customers. In this document, we will discuss the importance of quality standards, the benefits they bring, and how they can be implemented effectively.First and foremost, quality standards are crucial for ensuring consistency and reliability in products and services. By establishing clear and specific criteria for quality, businesses can ensure that their offerings meetthe same high standards every time. This not only helps to build trust and loyalty among customers but also enhances the reputation of the brand.Moreover, quality standards play a vital role inimproving efficiency and reducing costs. When products and services meet the specified quality standards, there isless need for rework or rectification, which can save time and resources. Additionally, by adhering to quality standards, businesses can minimize the risk of defects and errors, ultimately leading to a reduction in waste and an increase in productivity.Furthermore, quality standards are essential for ensuring compliance with regulations and industry requirements. Many industries have specific quality standards that must be met in order to operate legally. By adhering to these standards, businesses can avoid penalties and legal issues, as well as demonstrate their commitmentto ethical and responsible practices.In order to implement quality standards effectively, businesses should establish clear and measurable quality objectives. These objectives should be aligned with the overall business strategy and should be regularly monitored and reviewed to ensure continuous improvement. Additionally, businesses should invest in training and development toensure that employees are aware of and capable of meeting the required quality standards.In conclusion, quality standards are essential for ensuring the consistency, reliability, and compliance of products and services. By implementing and adhering to quality standards, businesses can enhance their reputation, improve efficiency, and demonstrate their commitment to excellence. It is important for businesses to establish clear quality objectives and invest in the necessary resources to ensure that quality standards are met and maintained. Ultimately, quality standards are a key driver of success and competitiveness in today's global marketplace.。
质量法规英语
质量法规英语Quality regulations are critical in ensuring the safety and efficacy of products we use daily. They set the standards that manufacturers must meet to protect consumers.Adhering to these regulations is not just a legal obligation but a commitment to excellence. Businesses that prioritize quality gain the trust of their customers, whichis invaluable in today's competitive market.In the pharmaceutical industry, for instance, strict quality control measures are enforced to guarantee that medications are both potent and safe. The consequences of failing to meet these standards can be dire, affecting public health and the reputation of the company.Similarly, in the food industry, quality regulations are designed to prevent contamination and ensure that food products are nutritious and safe for consumption. This is essential to prevent foodborne illnesses and to maintain consumer confidence.Educational institutions also have quality regulations to maintain high standards of teaching and learning. These regulations ensure that students receive a well-rounded education that prepares them for the future.In the construction industry, quality regulations arecrucial for safety. They ensure that buildings arestructurally sound and can withstand natural disasters, protecting the lives of those who live and work in them.Environmental regulations are another aspect of quality control, aiming to preserve our planet for future generations. They set limits on pollution and encourage sustainable practices.Finally, in the digital age, data protection regulations are becoming increasingly important. They ensure thatpersonal information is handled securely, protectingindividuals from identity theft and privacy breaches.In conclusion, quality regulations are essential acrossall sectors, ensuring safety, trust, and excellence in our daily lives.。
{经营管理制度}质量管理之质量保证与标准化
准
，必须执行并具有法律约束力。
我国的标准体系 (标准化内容)
技 术 标
是对标准化领域中，需要协调统一的技术事项所制定的标准。 它主要是产品和服务形成过程中在必须满足的技术要求。 如产品标准、工艺标准、检测试验标准、安全卫生环境保护标准等。
准
管 理 标 准
是对标准化领域中，需要协调统一的管理事项所制定的标准。
(4)翻译法——国家标准是国际标准的译文，也可同时用原文和译文出版。通常附引言说明编辑性 修改或技术上的差异。
(5)重新起草法——凡是没有真正采用国际标准的原文，即使在结构上的修改，也应视为重新起草。 重新起草应在前言中说明与国际标准的差异。
(6)引用法——国家标准中含有国际标准。一种情况是国家标准的应用领域比国际标准更广，其中 没有差异的采用了国际标准，应用于相应领域，并增加了内容。另一种情况是国家标准比国 际标准的应用领域狭窄，国家标准含在国际标准之中，只在有限范围内被采用，没有完全采 用该国际标准的内容。
③ 概念标准是在特定的范围内对名词概念的含义做出的规 定。
④ 管理标准和工作标准则是对管理和工作的职权、任务、 时间、质量、原则等方面的要求做出的规定。
标准的特殊性
① 标准的制定和贯彻以科学技术和实践经验的综合成果为 基础，以促进最佳社会效益为目的。
② 标准是“协商一致”的结果。 ③ 标准通过特定的形式颁布。
＿＿GB/T16733-1997《国家标准制定程序的阶段划分及代码》 GB/T16733-1997《国家标准制定程序的阶段划分及代码》
7.企业标准化工作
企业标准化工作是以经济效益为中心，以企业的生产、技 术、经营活动的全过程为内容来制定标准和贯彻标准的一 种有组织的活动。
标准化工作是企业提高产品质量和发展品种的重要手段， 而且为企业实现各项管理职能提供了共同遵守的准则和依 据
质量保障措施翻译成英文
质量保障措施翻译成英文Quality Assurance MeasuresAbstractIn today's competitive business environment, ensuring the quality of products and services has become of paramount importance. Quality assurance (QA) measures play a crucial role in achieving this objective by systematically monitoring and improving the quality of the processes involved in service delivery or product manufacturing. This paper provides an in-depth analysis of various QA measures and their significance in different industries. It explores the key components of QA measures, including quality planning, quality control, quality improvement, and quality audits. Additionally, it discusses the importance of customer feedback, employee training, and the use of technology in ensuring quality. The paper concludes by highlighting the benefits of robust quality assurance measures and their contribution to the long-term success and sustainability of businesses.1. IntroductionIn today's global marketplace, organizations across various industries face immense competition and customer expectations. To maintain a competitive edge and meet customer demands, businesses must consistently deliver high-quality products and services. Quality assurance measures have emerged as an essential aspect of ensuring product and service excellence. By implementing these measures, organizations can manage and control quality throughout the entire production or service deliveryprocess, enhancing customer satisfaction and loyalty.2. Key Components of Quality Assurance MeasuresThe successful implementation of quality assurance measures relies on four key components: quality planning, quality control, quality improvement, and quality audits.2.1 Quality PlanningQuality planning involves defining the quality objectives, specifications, processes, standards, and resources required for the successful completion of a product or service. This stage emphasizes proactive measures to identify potential quality issues and mitigate them through efficient planning. It sets the foundation for the subsequent components of quality assurance by determining the quality requirements and expectations.2.2 Quality ControlQuality control focuses on monitoring and inspecting the processes, products, or services at various stages to ensure that they meet the defined quality standards. It involves activities such as inspections, testing, and measurements to identify any deviations from the established quality parameters. This component aims to prevent defects or non-conformities by taking corrective actions promptly.2.3 Quality ImprovementQuality improvement aims to continuously enhance the processes,products, or services through the identification and elimination of the root causes of defects or deficiencies. This component focuses on proactive measures to prevent future defects by implementing process improvements, employee training, and other corrective actions. Quality improvement ensures that the organization evolves and adapts to changing customer needs and market trends.2.4 Quality AuditsQuality audits serve as a systematic and independent examination of the quality management system to determine its conformity with defined standards, procedures, and requirements. Audits help organizations assess the effectiveness of their quality assurance measures and identify areas for improvement. Internal and external audits play a vital role in enhancing the credibility and reliability of the organization's quality practices.3. Importance of Customer FeedbackCustomer feedback serves as a valuable source of information for organizations to understand customer requirements, expectations, and satisfaction levels. By actively seeking and analyzing customer feedback, businesses can identify areas for improvement, make product/service enhancements, and address any issues promptly. Furthermore, customer feedback provides insights into market trends, new opportunities, and areas of competitive advantage. Organizations should establish robust feedback mechanisms, such as surveys, customer interviews, or online reviews, to gather valuable customer insights and align their quality assurance measures accordingly.4. Employee Training and DevelopmentEmployees are integral to the successful implementation of quality assurance measures. Organizations should invest in extensive training and development programs to equip employees with the necessary knowledge and skills to meet quality standards. Training programs should focus on quality awareness, process understanding, and problem-solving techniques. Additionally, organizations should foster a culture of continuous learning and improvement to encourage employees to actively contribute to the enhancement of quality assurance measures.5. Utilizing Technology for Quality AssuranceAdvancements in technology have revolutionized quality assurance measures, enabling organizations to streamline processes, enhance efficiency, and reduce the risk of errors or defects. Automation tools, data analytics, and artificial intelligence (AI) can empower organizations to monitor and control quality in real-time. For instance, AI-powered algorithms can analyze vast amounts of data to detect patterns, identify quality issues, and predict potential defects. With the integration of technology, organizations can minimize human errors, ensure consistent quality standards, and improve overall productivity.6. Benefits of Robust Quality Assurance Measures Implementing robust quality assurance measures brings numerous benefits to organizations, including:6.1 Increased Customer Satisfaction: Effective quality assurance measures ensure that products or services meet customer expectations, leading to higher satisfaction levels and increased customer loyalty.6.2 Cost Reduction: By preventing defects, organizations can reduce waste, rework, and customer complaints, leading to significant cost savings.6.3 Competitive Advantage: Organizations with reliable quality assurance measures gain a competitive edge over their competitors, as they can consistently deliver high-quality products or services.6.4 Improved Efficiency: Quality assurance measures streamline processes, eliminate bottlenecks, and improve overall efficiency, leading to faster turnaround times and increased productivity.6.5 Enhanced Reputation: Organizations known for their superior quality practices build a positive reputation in the market, attracting more customers and business opportunities.7. ConclusionIn conclusion, quality assurance measures are critical to the success and sustainability of businesses across industries. By implementing effective QA measures, organizations can consistently deliver high-quality products and services, meet customer expectations, and gain a competitive edge. Quality planning, control, improvement, and audits form the foundation ofa robust quality assurance framework. Additionally, customer feedback, employee training, and the use of technology are vital in ensuring quality excellence. The benefits of implementing quality assurance measures include increased customer satisfaction, cost reduction, improved efficiency, competitive advantage, and enhanced reputation. Organizations that prioritize quality assurance measures are poised for long-term success in the dynamic business landscape.。
外贸术语：品质
品质 Quality The goods are available in different qualities. 此货有多种不同的质量可供。
Nothing wrong will happen， so long as the quality of your article is good. 只要商品质量可靠，就不会发⽣差错。
If the quality of your products is satisfactory， we may place regular orders. 如果你们产品的质量使我们满意，我们将不断订货。
If the quality of your initial shipment is found satisfactory， large repeats will follow. 如果贵⽅第⼀批运来的货令⼈满意，随后将有⼤批续订。
There is no marked qualitative difference between the two. 两者在质量上⽆显著差异。
We sincerely hope the quality are in conformity with the contract stipulations. 我们真诚希望质量与合同规定相符。
As long as the quality is good， it hardly matters if the price is a little bit higher. 只要能保证质量，售价⾼点都⽆所谓。
Prices are fixed according to their quality， aren't they？ 价格按质量的好坏⽽定，对吗？ The transferee must see to it that the quality of the product is maintained. 接受转让⼀⽅要负责保持产品的质量。
表达产品质量好的英文句子
表达产品质量好的英文句子1. 形容产品质量好的英语单词都有哪些形容产品质量好的英语：做工精细exquisite workmanship 、质量优秀superior quality 、质量稳定stable quality、质量可靠reliable quality、经久耐用durable in use词组解释：一、exquisite workmanship1、exquisite英 [ɪkˈskwɪzɪt] 美 [ˈɛkskwɪzɪt，ɪkˈskwɪzɪt]adj.精致的；细腻的；优美的；2、workmanship英 [ˈwɜ：kmənʃɪp] 美 [ˈwɜ：rkmənʃɪp]n.技艺，工艺例句：his vase is a piece of exquisite workmanship.这花瓶工艺很精。
二、superior quality1、superior英 [su：ˈpɪəriə（r）] 美 [su：ˈpɪriə（r）]adj.（级别、地位）较高的；（在质量等方面）较好的；上等的2、quality英 [ˈkwɒləti] 美 [ˈkwɑ：ləti]n.质量，品质；美质，优点；例句：Our business goals: superior quality, customer satisfaction.我们的经营目标：品质优越，客户满意。
三、stable quality1、stable英 [ˈsteɪbl] 美 [ˈstebəl]adj.稳定的；沉稳[持重]的；[物理学]稳定平衡的；持久的例句：The miller owns simple structure; stable quality and high efficiency.该铣床结构简单、加工质量稳定，效率高。
四、reliable quality1、reliable英 [rɪˈlaɪəbl] 美 [rɪˈlaɪəbəl]adj.可靠的；可信赖的；真实可信的例句：Product performance is stable and reliable quality.产品性能稳定，质量可靠。
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satisfy the stated and implied needs?
- 16 -
Quality – How?
Quality management
Total Quality Management Translation processes quality management Translation product quality assurance
- e.g. different text types/genres need different
approaches • A quality problem which may be insignificant in one context may be critical in another
- 5 -
Directorate-General for Translation
Quality assurance and legislative translation
Erkka Vuorinen Quality Officer, Finnish Department
Brussels, 25th of March 2011
§ terminological
• clear & well-defined terms; consistent usage; new EU terminology vs. existing national terminology
§ linguistic:
• compliance with EU rules vs. compliance with national (general and legislative) textual conventions; avoidance of linguistic interference
• product specifications, professional and in-house norms and standard practices, quality of source text, etc.
- 12 -
Quality – Why?
§ Transparency and openness
- 11 -
Quality – What?
Translation quality as a function of fitness for purpose and production constraints
§ Fitness for purpose: The ability of a target text to do what it is set out to do, communicatively and otherwise, with regard to:
- 6 -
Quality – What?
al acts (some 60 %)
§ Drafted and translated according to strict norms and principles § Strict equivalence requirements between language versions (”concordance”)
- 9 -
Quality – What?
Legal acts
Legislative translation: a ”balancing act”
- 10 -
Quality – What?
Other text types/genres
§ Often more leeway in terms of drafting and translation § A more ”target-oriented” approach in translation often required § Awareness of text type/genre conventions important § ”Legal act autopilot” should be switched off § Image implications § BUT the concordance requirements are still there
Note 1: ”entity” = product, service, process, etc. §Note 2: quality is relative to needs à there is no absolute quality §Note 3: needs may be implied, too
- 3 -
Quality – What?
Quality: the totality of characteristics of an entity that bear on its ability to satisfy stated or implied needs (ISO 8402 standard; Quality Management and Quality Assurance)
§ Image considerations
- 13 -
Quality – Why?
§ The entire EU project is communicated through translations (22 out of 23 languages) § All 23 official languages have the same status
- 7 -
Quality – What?
Legal acts – 3 main aspects of drafting/translation quality
§ formal/legal
• compliance with drafting rules; compliance with prior legislation; technical quality (format); legal equivalence (same legal effect)
Quality – What?
Text types/genres in the European Commission
§ § § § § § § § § preparatory documents related to legislation legislation guidelines for application reports correspondence with citizens/companies/institutions information leaflets, brochures press releases web texts etc.
- 17 -
Quality – How?
A. Source text quality control (1)
§ Drafting of documents
• Often a joint effort (à in-built quality control, but potential harmful effects, too) Mainly assurance of legal quality DGT’s editing unit + web translation unit editing team Only a limited percentage of all incoming documents can be edited
• its user(s), its (assumed) target audience(s), its manner and circumstances of use (incl. its target textual environment)
§ taking into account the production constraints, including:
EUROPEAN COMMISSION
Quality
§ § § § § § What? Why? How? When? Who? (Where?)
- 2 -
Quality – What?
DGT’s mission
§ ”We provide the European Commission with highquality translation and other language services. Our job is to respect the European Union's multilingual character by making sure the Commission produces clearly written documents in all the official languages, and in others as well.”
- 8 -
Quality – What?
Legal acts
§ Challenges
• Language systems differ • Relations between individual languages differ − e.g. EN-FR, EN-FI, EN-BG… • Relations between EU law and individual national legal orders differ • Individual Member States differ − in terms of ”EU history”, natural/geographical/political/cultural characteristics, etc.
• Later work is based on translations provided by DGT
- 15 -
Quality – How?