计算机网络小题翻译
《计算机网络》考试试题及答案解析3
《计算机网络》考试试题及答案解析3一、判断题(每小题2分，共20分）1、数字电话所占用的信道带宽一般要比模拟电话所占用的信道带宽大。
（）2、提高网络服务质量QoS属于应用层的工作。
（）3、对模拟信号进行数字化的技术称为脉码调制PCM技术。
（）4、数字通信系统可以采用FDM多路复用技术行。
（）5、拥塞控制就是流量控制。
（）6、数据传输率为100Mbps，电缆长度为100m；以及数据传输率为10Mbps，电缆长度为1km 的两个以太网，其性能相差无几。
（）7、电路交换(Circuit Switching)技术是在发送端和接收端之间建立一条物理线路。
（）8、网络层路由选择功能是为每个进入路由器的报文选择一条输出线路。
（）9、网桥和路由器都能阻止广播风暴。
（）10、TCP的传输连接的建立和释放都要采用三次握手过程。
（）二、填空题(1~5每空1分，6～12每空2分，共20分）1、分层路由选择算法是为了解决网络规模过大而引起（）问题。
2、V-D路由算法和L-S路由算法都是Internet（）。
3、在TCP协议中，当TCP报文中的SYN=1而ACK=0时，表明这是一个连接建立请求报文，若接收方同意建立TCP连接，则应在返回的TCP报文将“SYN”标志位置（），“ACK”标志位置（）。
4、传输层是（）之间的协议。
5、漏桶算法和令牌桶算法都是用于（）。
6、在数据链路层的滑动窗口协议中，当发送窗口允许发送帧的最大顺序号为15时，接收窗口的最大尺寸应为（）。
7、1公里长，数据传输率为1Gbps的以太网，电信号的传播延迟为200m/μs，其最小帧长度应为（）字节。
8、数据传输率为10Mbps的令牌环网上有50个站点均匀地分布在1km的环上，每个站点引入1位延迟，电信号的传播速度为200m/ s，则该环可以同时容纳的数据位数为（）位。
9、在HDLC协议中，用户数据为0，经过位填充后的数据应该是( )。
10、要使2400波特率的电话线能够支持33.6Kbps的数据传输率，要求载波信号每波特必须携带（）位二进制数据。
计算机网络题库
计算机网络试题一、名字翻译题P2P Peer-to-Peer 对等系统LAN Local Area Network 局域网MAN Metropolitan Area Network 城域网WAN Wide Area Network 广域网NAP Network Access Point 网络接入点POP Point of Presence 汇接点ISP Internet Service Provider 互联网服务提供商OSI Open System Interconnection 开放式系统互联DNS Domain Name System 域名服务HTML HyperText Markup Language 超文本标记语言STP Shielded Twisted Pair 屏蔽双绞线UTP Unshielded Twisted Paired 非屏蔽双绞线LRC 纵向冗余校验CRC 循环冗余校验FEC Forward Error Correction 前向纠错VPI Vritual Path Identifier 虚路径标识VCI Virtual Channel Identifier 虚通道标识VPN Virtual Private Networks 虚拟专网VLAN 虚拟局域网ADSL Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line 非对称数字用户环路ATM Asynchronous Transfer Mode 异步传输模式AAL ATM Adaptation Layer ATM适配层SAR Segmentation And Ressenbly 分段和重组CS Convergence Sublayer 汇聚子层ATDM Asynchronous Time Division Multiplex 异步时分多路复用CDMA Code Division Multiple Access 码分多址PDH Plesiochronous Digital Hierarchy 准同步数字序列SDH Synchronous Digital Hierarchy 同步数字序列SONET Synchronous Optical Network 同步光网络ARQ Automatic Repeat request 自动重发请求CSMA/CD Carrier Sense Multiple Access/Collision Detect 载波监听多路访问/冲突检测CSMA/CA Carrier Sense Multiple Access/Collision Avoidance载波监听多路访问/冲突避免PSTN Public Switched Telephone Network 公用交换电话网ISDN Integrated Services Digital Network 综合业务数字网GSM Global System for Mobile Communications 全球移动通信系统GPRS General Packet Radio Service 通用分组无线服务GPS Global Positioning System 全球定位系统IIS Internet Information Server Internet信息服务CBX Computerized Branch Exchange 程控交换WiFi Wireless Fidelity 无线网路终端通信技术CIDR Classless InterDomain Routing 无类别域间路由NAT Network Address Translation 网络地址转换PPP Point-to-Point Protocol 点对点协议POP Post Office Protocol 邮局协议ICMP Internet Control Message Protocol 互联网控制信息协议IGMP Internet Group Management Protocol 互联网组管理协议SNMP Simple Network Management Protocol 简单网络管理协议SMTP Simple Mail Transfer Protocol 简单邮件传输协议HDLC High-Level Data Link Control Protocol 高级数据链路控制协议ARP Address Resolution Protocol 地址解析协议RARP Reverse Address Resolution Protocol 逆地址解析协议DHCP Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol 动态主机设置协议FTP File Transfer Protocol 文件传输协议HTTP HyperText Transfer Protocol 超文本传输协议IP Internet Protocol 互联网协议TCP Transmission control protocol 传输控制协议UDP User Datagram Protocol 用户数据报协议IDP International Datagram Program 互联网数据报协议LCP Link Control Protocol 链路控制协议NCP Network Control Protocol 网络控制协议IGP Interior Gateway Protocol 核心（内部）网关协议EGP Exterior Gateway Protocol 扩展（外部）网关协议RIP Routing Information Protocol 路由信息协议RTP Real-time Transport Protocol 实时传送协议OSPF Open Shortest Path First Protocol 开放式最短径优先协议WAP Wireless Application Protocol 无线应用协议ISO International Organization for Standards 国际标准化组织ITU International Telecommunications Union 国际电信联盟ITU-T国际电信联盟（ITU）电信标准化部门CCITT International Telephone and Telegraph Consultative Committee国际电报电话咨询委员会（ITU-T的前身）ICCC国际计算机通信会议IEEE 美国电气和电子工程师协会IETF Internet Engineering Task Force Internet工程任务组ANSI 美国国家标准协会二、选择题点到点网络和广播网络的主要区别是（B）。
计算机与网络用语中英翻译（三）_计算机英语词汇
electric polarization 电场偏极化,电极化electric transducer 电转换器electrical accounting machine 电动会计机electrical accounting machine (eam) 电动计算器，电子会计机electrical impulses 电脉冲electrical numerical integrator and calculator (eniac) 电子数字积分计算器electrically alterable memory 电可变内存electrically controlled birefringence lcd (ecb lcd) 利用电场控制的双折射液electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (eeprom) 电子抹除式唯electrically erasable read only memory (erom) 电可抹只读存储器electrically erasable rom (eerom) 电可抹只读记忆electro luminescent 电子发光体显示器electro static discharge 静电放电electro-optical effect 电子光学效应electrochromeric display 电路显示器electrochromeric display (ecds) 电铬显示器electrodeposition 电极沉淀electrodynamics 电动力学electroencephalograph 脑电波计,脑波仪electroflour 电萤石electrokinetics 动电学electrolysis 电解electromagnetic 电磁绒electromagnetic communications 电磁通信electromagnetic delay line 延电磁线electromagnetic disturvance 电波干扰electromagnetic relay 电磁继电器electromagnetic wave 电磁波electromechanical device 机电装置electromechanical printer 机电印字机electromechanical switching system 机电转换系统electromechanics 电机械学electrometallurgy 电冶学electron 电子electron beam fabrication 电子束制作electron beam lithography 电子束石版印刷术electron beam recording (ebr) 电子束记录electron camera 电子摄影机electron jet 电子射流electron lens 电子透镜electron mass 电子质量electron optics 电子光学electron paramagnetic resonance 电子顺磁谐振electron trap 电子陷阱electronic 电子的electronic accounting machines 电子会计机electronic automatic exchange (eax) 电子自动交换机electronic benefits transfer (ebt) 电子给付转帐electronic book 电子书electronic cash register 电子收款机electronic cash, e-cash 电子钱electronic certificate [e-cert] 电子证书electronic commerce (ec) 电子商务electronic commerce modelling language [ecml] 电子贸易模型语言electronic commerce [e-commerce] 电子贸易electronic conference 电子会议electronic data inter change (edi) 电子数据交换electronic data interchange (edi) 电子数据交换electronic data interchange (edi)) 电子数据交换electronic data interchange [edi] 电子数据联通electronic data interchange, edi 电子数据交换electronic data processing (edp) 电子数据处理electronic data processing system 电子数据处理系统electronic diary 电子记事本electronic differential analyzer 电子微分分析器electronic filing 电子存盘electronic frontier foundation (eff) 电子开拓基金会electronic funds transfer (eft) 电子金融转帐electronic funds transfer system (eftss) 电子财务转换系统electronic government [e-government] 电子政府electronic industries association, eia 电子工业协会electronic library 电子数据馆electronic mail (e-mail) 电子邮件electronic mail address 电子邮址electronic mail box 电子邮箱electronic mail network 电子传递网络electronic mail system software 电子邮递系统软件electronic mail [e-mail] 电子邮件electronic mail, e-mail 电子邮件electronic mailing 电子传递electronic message service (ems) 电子讯息服务electronic message system 电子讯息系统electronic messaging system 电子信息系统electronic neuron network simulation 电子神经网仿真electronic packaging 电子封装electronic post office 电子邮局electronic printer 电子印字机electronic publishing 电子出版electronic record 电子纪录electronic scales 电子秤electronic serial number (esn) 电子序号electronic service delivery [esd] 公共服务电子化electronic signature 电子签署electronic statistical machine 电子统计机electronic store 电子商店electronic stylus 光电笔electronic switch 电子开关electronic switching system (ess) 电子式交换系统electronic switching system, ess 电子交换系统electronic toll collection system (etcs) 电子收费系统electronic transaction 电子交易electronic transactions ordinance 电子交易条例electronic translator 电子译码器electronic tutor 电子教学机electronic wallet ,electronic purse(e-wallet) 电子钱包electronically alterable romm (earom) 电子可变只读存储器electronics 电子学electronics manufacturing services (ems) 电子制造服务业electronmagnetic compatibility (emc) 电磁兼容性electronmagnetic interfering (emi) 电磁干扰electronmagnetic stamina (esa) 电磁耐受性electronogen 电子产生electrontic design automation (eda) 电子设计自动化electrophotography 静电摄影electrostatic 静电electrostatic deflection 静电偏转electrostatic printer 静电印字机electrostatic screen 静电渡electrostatic separator 静电分离器electrostatic shield 静电屏electrostatic storage 静电储存器electrostatic tube 静电储存管electrostatic unit 静电制单位electrostatic voltmeter 静电伏特计electrostatic wattmeter 静电瓦特计electrostatics 静电学electrostriction 电伸缩现象,电致伸缩element 元素element (elem,elt) 元素,组件element declaration 元素宣告element expression 组件表式element set 元素集element structure 元素结构element type 元素型别element type definition 元素型别定义element type parameter 元素型别参数element variable 组件变量elementary item 基本项elevation movement 升降移动elevation sensor 升降感应器elevator motor 升降马达elevator sensor 升降感应器eleven punch 十一孔elimination factor 消除因素elimination zero 消零ellipse tool 椭圆形工具else clause 「否则」子叙句else rule 其它规则elt 元素,组件em 介末字符emacs emacsemail hosting 电子邮件主机email program 信件软件embed 内嵌embedded 嵌入embedded (database) language 嵌入 [ 数据库 ] 语言embedded item 内嵌项目embedded object 内嵌物件embedded pointers 嵌入指标embedded software 嵌入式软件embedded system 嵌入式系统embeded servo system 内嵌式伺服系统emboldening 加强强调emboss 浮雕embossed plate printer 突版印字机embossment 浮凸文件emergency button 紧急钮emergency disk 救援磁盘emergency maintenance 紧急维护emergency maintenance time 紧急维护时间emergency response system (ers) 紧急应变系统emergency switch 焚急开关emission 发射emittance 发射量emitter pulse 定列发射脉波emitter-coupled logic (ecl) 射极耦合逻辑emitter-coupled logic advantage 射极耦合逻辑优点emm 扩充内存管理程序emma emma绘图芯片emoticon 表情图示emotion 表情符号emphasis 强调empirical 实验的,经验的empty 清空empty link set 空链接集empty map 空对照empty medium 空媒体empty recycle bin 清空资源回收筒empty set 空集empty string 空串行ems 扩充内存系统ems electronics manufacturing services provider 专业合约代工厂emulate 模拟emulation 仿真emulation testing 模仿测试emulator 仿真器emulator generation 模仿器运转emulsion-laser storage 乳剂雷射储存器enable 启用enable pulse 起动脉冲enable single-click url navigation 启用按一下方式的 url 巡览enabled 启用状态; 致能enabled module 复动模块enabled page fault 复原寻页缺失enablenet 能网enabling signal 促成信号enabling workflow services on an existing database 在现有的数据库启用工作流程enabling technology 促成科技encapsulate 封装encapsulated interface pointer 封装的接口指针encapsulation 封包encipher 编密encipher, encipter 加密，译成密码enciphered data 编密资料enclosed class 被封入类别enclosing class 外围类别enclosing tag 封入标记enclosing type 封入类型enclosure 封闭encode 编码encoded 编码encoded point 编码点encoded question 编码问题encoder 编码器encoding 字集码encoding header 字集标头encoding strip 编码带encompassed type 被内含类型encompassing type 内含类型encrypt 加密encrypted trigger 加密的触发程序encryption 加密encryption scheme 加密方法encryption schemes 加密机制end 终止end around carry 端回进位end around shift 端回移位end caps 结束端点end distortion 端点失真end instrument 终端仪器end mart 端标end of address (eoa) 地址终端end of block (eob) 成块终端end of data 资料终端end of data indicator 资料终端指示器end of file 档案结尾end of file label (eof label) 文件尾标记end of form 表格终端end of line 列终端,行终端end of message code (eom code) 讯息终端码end of run routine 运转终端例程end of transmission 传毕码end office 端局end point 终点,终端end printing 终端印字end statement 终结叙述end time 时间终点end track 终点轨段end user 使用者end user computing 终端用户电脑应用end user license agreement 使用者授权合约 (eula)end-around borrow 端回借位end-data symbol 数据终端符号end-entity initialization services 终端实体启始服务end-of-file indicator 檔尾指示器end-of-file mark 档尾标示end-of-file spot 档尾点end-of-medium (em character) 介末字符end-of-message 讯息终端end-of-record word 记录终端字end-of-tape mark (eot mark) 带尾标志end-of-tape or end-of-file routines 带终端例程或文件终端当式end-of-tape warning 带尾警示end-of-text character (etx character) 文末字符end-of-transmission (eot) 传毕号end-of-transmission character (eot character) 传毕字符end-of-transmission-block character (etb character) 传输块末字符end-of-volume eov label 卷尾标记end-tag 结束标签end-to-end responsibility 端间责任end-to-end signaling 端间作信end-use device 终端装置end-user (eu) 最终用户endian 元组排列顺序ending file label 文件尾标记ending frame 终点帧ending point 终点ending tape label 带尾标记endness loop 无尽止循环endorser 背书人energizer 激励程序,激励机energy level diagram 能阶固energy star 能源之星engineer 工程师engineered capacity 工程容量engineering and administration data acquisition system (eadas) 工程与经营管engineering communication or telephone 工程通信或电话engineering graphics 工程制固学engineering planning and analysis systems (eplans) 工程计划与分析系统engineering time 工程时间engineering work order 工程工作订单english (australia) 英文 (澳大利亚)english (belize) 英文 (贝里斯)english (britain) 英文 (英国)english (canada) 英文 (加拿大)english (carribean) 英文 (加勒比海)english (ireland) 英文 (爱尔兰)english (jamaica) 英文 (牙买加)english (new zealand) 英文 (纽西兰)english (philippines) 英文 (菲律宾)english (south africa) 英文 (南非)english (trinidad) 英文 (千里达)english (united kingdom) 英文 (英国)english (united states) 英文 (美国)english (zimbabwe) 英文 (津巴布韦)enhanced expanded memory specification (eems) 增强扩充内存规格enhanced full rate speed encoding (efr) 增强型全速率编码功能enhanced ide 加强式ide接口enhanced keyboard 加强型键盘enhanced metafile 加强型中继档案enhanced private switched communication service (epscs) 严密私用交换通信服eniac 电子数值积分计算器enlarge 放大enlargement 放大enqueue 储入队列enquiry character (enq) 询问字符enter 输入enter / return key 回车键enter key 进入键enter/inquiry mode 输入/询问模态enterprise application integration 企业应用系统整合eaienterprise application integration (eai) 企业信息应用整合enterprise data modelling 企业数据模型enterprise edition 企业版enterprise information portal (eip) 企业信息入口网站enterprise number 企业叫号enterprise resource planning (erp) 企业资源规划enterprise resource planning [erp] 企业资源规划enterprise storage network (esn) 企业储存网络enterprise system connection, escon 企业系统连接entertaining 娱乐片entire project 整个专案entity 实体entity declaration 实体宣告entity end 实体结束entity end signal 实体结束讯号entity indentifier 实礼识别码entity manager 实体管理者entity reference 实体参引entity set 实体集entity structure 实体结构entity text 实体文字entity－relationship diagram (erd) 实体关系图entrance 进入口entropy 焰entry 项目entry block 进入块,输入块entry conditions 进入条件entry constant 进入常数entry expression 输入表示entry instruction 进入指令entry name 进入名称entry point 进入点entry symbol 进入符号entry time 馈入时间,输入时间entry variable 款目变数enu chtenum 列举型别enum-type 列举类型enumerate 列举enumerated property 列举内容enumeration 列举类型enumerator 列举值(元)envelope 分封线envelope delay distortion 波封延迟畸变environment 环境environment (of a label constant) 标记常数环境情况environment description on statement 环境设备描述陈述environment division 环境章节environment variable 环境变量eof eofeol 文字列结尾epa, environmental protection agency 环境保护局epilog 收场epilog code 终解程序代码epitaxial film 外延薄膜epitaxial growth 晶膜生长epitaxial growth process 外延生长过程epitaxial-growth mesa transistor 晶膜生长台面晶体管epitome 波缩epop 电子采购点epos 电子型录式销售点管理系统epp 加强型并行端口eprom erasable &programmable rom 可消除可程序只读存储器eprom, erasable programmable read only memory 可删可编程只读存储器eps eps档案格式epson 爱普生equal gain combiner 等增益组合器equal zero indicator 等零指示器equality 相等,同等equality circuit 相等电路equality gate 相等问equality operator 等号运算子equality unit 相等单元equalization 等化,均化equalizer 均衡器equals 相等,等于equation solver 方程式解答器equation typesetting 等式翻印equijoin 等联结equipment 通信文字处理设备equipment (eqpt,equip) 设备equipment charge 设备收费equipment clock 设备时钟equipment compatibility 设备兼容性equipment failure 失效设备equipment installation 安装设备equipment output 轮出设备equipment relocation 迁移设备equipment side 装备边equivalence 等价equivalence element 等值组件equivalence gate 等效闸equivalence operation 等值运算equivalent binary digit factor 等效二进数字因素equivalent binary digits 等效二进制数位equivalent four-wire system 等效四线系统equivalent reference string 对等参引串equivalent to element 相等组件equivalent-to element 等效组件equivocation 收发讯息差异erasability 可抹除性erasable 可抹除的erasable programmable read-only memory (eprom) 抹除式只读存储器erasable programmable read-only memory, eprom 消除式可程序只读存储器erasable storage 可擦储存器erase 抹除erase diskette 抹除磁盘erase head 抹除头erase the selection 清除所选的范围eraser tool 橡皮擦工具erasibility 擦拭率ergonomics 人机工程学,人体工学eripheral interface adapter(pia) 外围接口配接器eripheral interface channel 外围接口信道erlang 欧兰,占线小时erlang b 欧兰 berlang c 欧兰cerotic 色情片erp system 企业资源规划系统err object err 物件erroneous execution 错误性执行error 错误error (err) 误差,错error ambiguity 误差含糊error burst 误差丛发error check 错误检查error checking 错误检查error checking and correcting 误差校验error checking and correction (ecc) 误差核对与改正error checking and recovery 误差核对与复原error code 误差码error condition 误差状态error condition statement 误差状态叙述error control 误差控制error correcting system 改误系统error correction 错误更正error detecting and feedback system 侦误与反馈系统error detecting code 侦误码error detecting system 侦误系统error detection (transmission) 侦误error detection and correction (edac) 错误检测校正error detection routine 侦误例程error diagnostics 诊断误差error handler 错误处理例程error handling 误差处理error indicator (ei) 误差指示器error interrupts 误差岔断error list 误差列表error logging 错误登录error message 误差信息error messages 错误讯息error number 错误代号error object error 物件error range 误差范围error rate 误差率error ratio 误差比error record 误差记录error recovery 误差复原error recovery procedures (erp) 误差复原程序error recovery routine [procedure] 误差复原例程 [ 程序 ]error routine 误差例程error signal 误差信号error span 误差全距error tape 示误带error-checking code 核误码error-control character 误差控制字符error-correcting code 改误码error-correction routine 改误例程error-correction submode 改误次模态error-free program 无误差程式errors catastrophic 大量误差errors execution (remote computing sy) 执行误差,遥程计算系统ers 紧急应变系统es 额外区段esc esc控制字符esc key 逸位键,略过键escape 逸出,逸出号escape character 逸出字符escape character (esc) 逸出字符escape character esc 逸出字符escape code 逸出码escape sequence 逸出序列escape sequence esc 控制序列escape value 逸出值esdi 加强型小型设备界面esi communications (externally specifi) 外指数通信esn 电子序号espresso 口袋型计算机estonian 爱沙尼亚文esupplychain e商网etched 蚀刻etched horz 横刻etched printed circuit 蚀刻印刷电路etched vert 直刻eten 倚天ethernet 以太网ethiopic 衣索比亚文eticket 电子机票eudora eudora程序eudora lite 爱多拉邮递软件eula 使用者授权合约书european telecommunication standards institute, etsi 欧洲电信标准协会eutectic bond 共晶会接evaluate 评估evaluate statement 评估陈述式evaluation 求值,评估event 事件event bubbling 事件反升event chain 事件链,本件系列event control block (ecb) 事件控制段event handler 事件处理例程event interface 事件界面event listener 事件接听项event log 事件日志档案event map 事件对映event mask 事件屏蔽event object 事件对象event pair high event pair highevent pair low event pair lowevent posting 事件安置event procedure 事件程序event registration 事件注册项event response objects 事件响应对象event scheme 事件方案event script procedure 事件脚本步骤event sensing card 事件感应卡event sink 事件接收event sink map 事件接收对映event sinking 事件接收event source 事件来源event variable 事件变量event-control block (ecb) 事件控制块event-driven 事件驱动event-driven programming 事件驱动程序设计event-handling procedure 事件处理步骤event-ready 事件就绪event-ready object 事件就绪对象event-sinking 事件接收evidence set 辨识项集eworld 电子世界exaclink exaclinkexample 范例example page 范例页exceed capacity 超容量excel excel电子表格软件except gate 除外闸except operation 例外运算exception 例外exception declaration 异常宣告exception handler 异常处理例程exception handling 异常处理exception handling unwinding 异常处理回溯exception message 例外讯息exception principle system 例外原理系统exception reporting 例外报告exception scheduling routine 例外排程例程exception specification 异常规格exception-item encoder 例外项目编码器exceptions 例外excess 64 binary notation 二进制标记超六十四码excess fifty 加五十磅excess-three code 加三码exchange 交换,交换机,交换所exchange area 交换区域exchange area facilities 交换区设施exchange buffering 交换缓冲exchange classes 交换所等级exchange device remote computing system 远距离计算系统交换装置exchange network facilities for interstate access (enfia) 州际存取交换网络设exchange service 交换服务exchange sort 交换排序exchange test string 交换测试串exchangeable disk storage (eds) 可交换磁盘储存器exclusion 互斥exclusions 除外exclusive mode 独占模式exclusive nor 互斥(非门)exclusive or 互斥或exclusive reference 互斥参考exclusive segments 互斥段exclusive-or element 互斥或组件exclusive-or function 互斥或作用exclusive-or gate 互斥或门excute bar 执行列exe 可执行档的格式exe project 可执行档案项目exec statements 执行叙述execunet 执行网络executable 可执行的executable bytes 可执行字节executable file 可执行档案executable machine code 可执行的机器码executable program 可执行程序executable statement 可执行叙述execute 执行execute (ex, exec) 执行execute cycle 执行循环execute key 执行键execute phase 执行相execute statement (exec statement) 执行叙述execution 执行execution character set 执行字符集execution cycle 执行周execution delay 执行延迟execution error detection 执行误差侦测execution file 执行档execution of an instruction 指令执行execution path 执行路径execution time (e-time) 执行时间executive command 执行命令executive communications 执行通信executive control statement 执行控制叙述executive deck 轨行迭卡executive diagnostic system 执行诊断系统executive dumping 执行程序倾印executive facilities assignment 执行设备指定executive file 执行档案executive guard mode 执行保护模态,执行警戒模态executive information system [eis] 行政资讯系统executive instruction 执行指令executive language 执行语言executive program 执行程序executive routine 执行例程executive schedule maintenance 执行定期维护executive supervisor 执行监督器executive system 执行系统executive system control 执行系统控制executive system routine 执行系统例程executive system utilities 执行系统公用程序executive system utility 执行系统公用程序executive termination 执行终端executive-control utility routines 执行控制公用例程exerciser 监督执行程序exercisers 操作监督器exhaustivity 彻查。
计算机网络外文翻译
附录一、英文原文：The NetWorksBirth of the NetThe Internet has had a relatively brief, but explosive history so far. It grew out of an experiment begun in the 1960's by the U.S. Department of Defense. The DoD wanted to create a computer network that would continue to function in the event of a disaster, such as a nuclear war. If part of the network were damaged or destroyed, the rest of the system still had to work. That network was ARPANET, which linked U.S. scientific and academic researchers. It was the forerunner of today's Internet.In 1985, the National Science Foundation (NSF) created NSFNET, a series of networks for research and education communication. Based on ARPANET protocols, the NSFNET created a national backbone service, provided free to any U.S. research and educational institution. At the same time, regional networks were created to link individual institutions with the national backbone service.NSFNET grew rapidly as people discovered its potential, and as new software applications were created to make access easier. Corporations such as Sprint and MCI began to build their own networks, which they linked to NSFNET. As commercial firms and other regional network providers have taken over the operation of the major Internet arteries, NSF has withdrawn from the backbone business.NSF also coordinated a service called InterNIC, which registered all addresses on the Internet so that data could be routed to the right system. This service has now been taken over by Network Solutions, Inc., in cooperation with NSF.How the Web WorksThe World Wide Web, the graphical portion of the Internet, is the most popular part of the Internet by far. Once you spend time on the Web,you will begin to feel like there is no limit to what you can discover. The Web allows rich and diverse communication by displaying text, graphics, animation, photos, sound and video.So just what is this miraculous creation? The Web physically consists of your personal computer, web browser software, a connection to an Internet service provider, computers called servers that host digital data and routers and switches to direct the flow of information.The Web is known as a client-server system. Your computer is the client; the remote computers that store electronic files are the servers. Here's how it works: Let's say you want to pay a visit to the the Louvre museum website. First you enter the address or URL of the website in your web browser (more about this shortly). Then your browser requests the web page from the web server that hosts the Louvre's site. The Louvre's server sends the data over the Internet to your computer. Your webbrowser interprets the data, displaying it on your computer screen.The Louvre's website also has links to the sites of other museums, such as the VaticanMuseum. When you click your mouse on a link, you access the web server for the VaticanMuseum.The "glue" that holds the Web together is called hypertext and hyperlinks. This feature allow electronic files on the Web to be linked so you can easily jump between them. On the Web, you navigate through pages of information based on what interests you at that particular moment, commonly known as browsing or surfing the Net.To access the Web you need web browser software, such as Netscape Navigator or Microsoft Internet Explorer. How does your web browser distinguish between web pages and other files on the Internet? Web pages are written in a computer language called Hypertext Markup Language or HTML.Some Web HistoryThe World Wide Web (WWW) was originally developed in 1990 at CERN, the European Laboratory for Particle Physics. It is now managed by The World Wide Web Consortium, also known as the World Wide Web Initiative.The WWW Consortium is funded by a large number of corporate members, including AT&T, Adobe Systems, Inc., Microsoft Corporation and Sun Microsystems, Inc. Its purpose is to promote the growth of the Web by developing technical specifications and reference software that will be freely available to everyone. The Consortium is run by MIT with INRIA (The French National Institute for Research in Computer Science) acting as European host, in collaboration with CERN.The NationalCenter for Supercomputing Applications (NCSA) at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, was instrumental in the development of early graphical software utilizing the World Wide Web features created by CERN. NCSA focuses on improving the productivity of researchers by providing software for scientific modeling, analysis, and visualization. The World Wide Web was an obvious way to fulfill that mission. NCSA Mosaic, one of the earliest web browsers, was distributed free to the public. It led directly to the phenomenal growth of the World Wide Web.Understanding Web AddressesYou can think of the World Wide Web as a network of electronic files stored on computers all around the world. Hypertext links these resources together. Uniform Resource Locators or URLs are the addresses used to locate these files. The information contained in a URL gives you the ability to jump from one web page to another with just a click of your mouse. When you type a URL into your browser or click on a hypertext link, your browser is sending a request to a remote computer to download a file.What does a typical URL look like? Here are some examples:/The home page for study english.ftp:///pub/A directory of files at MIT* available for downloading.news:rec.gardens.rosesA newsgroup on rose gardening.The first part of a URL (before the two slashes* tells you the type of resource or method of access at that address. For example:·http - a hypertext document or directory·gopher - a gopher document or menu·ftp - a file available for downloading or a directory of such files·news - a newsgroup·telnet - a computer system that you can log into over the Internet·WAIS* - a database or document in a Wide Area Information Search database ·file - a file located on a local drive (your hard drive)The second part is typically the address of the computer where the data or service is located. Additional parts may specify the names of files, the port to connect to, or the text to search for in a database.You can enter the URL of a site by typing it into the Location bar of your web browser, just under the toolbar.Most browsers record URLs that you want to use again, by adding them to a special menu. In Netscape Navigator, it's called Bookmarks. In Microsoft Explorer, it's called Favorites. Once you add a URL to your list, you can return to that web page simply by clicking on the name in your list, instead of retyping the entire URL.Most of the URLs you will be using start with http which stands for Hypertext Transfer Protocol*. http is the method by which HTML files are transferred over the Web. Here are some other important things to know about URLs:· A URL usually has no spaces.· A URL always uses forward slashes (//).If you enter a URL incorrectly, your browser will not be able to locate the site or resource you want. Should you get an error message or the wrong site, make sure you typed the address correctly.You can find the URL behind any link by passing your mouse cursor over the link. The pointer will turn into a hand and the URL will appear in the browser's status bar, usually located at the bottom of your screen.Domain NamesWhen you think of the Internet, you probably think of ".com." Just what do those three letters at the end of a World Wide Web address mean?Every computer that hosts data on the Internet has a unique numerical address. For example, the numerical address for the White House is 198.137.240.100. But since few people want to remember long strings of numbers, the Domain Name System (DNS)* was developed. DNS, a critical part of the Internet's technical infrastructure*, correlates* a numerical address to a word. To access the White House website, you could type its number into the address box of your web browser. But most people prefer to use "." In this case, the domain name is .In general, the three-letter domain name suffix* is known as a generic top-level domain and describes the type of organization. In the last few years, the lines have somewhat blurred* between these categories..com - business (commercial).edu - educational.org - non-profit.mil - military.net - network provider.gov - governmentA domain name always has two or more parts separated by dots and typically consists of some form of an organization's name and the three-letter suffix. For example, the domain name for IBM is ""; the United Nations is "."If a domain name is available, and provided it does not infringe* on an existing trademark, anyone can register the name for $35 a year through Network Solutions, Inc., which is authorized to register .com, .net and .org domains. You can use the box below to see if a name is a available. Don't be surprised if the .com name you want is already taken, however. Of the over 8 million domain names, 85% are .com domains.ICANN, the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers, manages the Domain Name System. As of this writing, there are plans to add additional top-level domains, such as .web and .store. When that will actually happen is anybody's guess.To check for, or register a domain name, type it into the search box.It should take this form: In addition to the generic top-level domains, 244 national top-level domains were established for countries and territories*, for example:.au - Australia.ca - Canada.fr - France.de - Germany.uk - United KingdomFor US $275 per name, you can also register an international domain name with Net Names. Be aware that some countries have restrictions for registering names.If you plan to register your own domain name, whether it's a .com or not, keep these tips in mind:The shorter the name, the better. (But it should reflect your family name, interest or business.)The name should be easy to remember.It should be easy to type without making mistakes.Remember, the Internet is global. Ideally, a domain name will "read" in a language other than English.Decoding Error MessagesAs you surf the Net, you will undoubtedly find that at times you can't access certain websites. Why, you make wonder? Error messages attempt to explain thereason. Unfortunately, these cryptic* messages baffle* most people. We've deciphered* the most common ones you may encounter.400 - Bad RequestProblem: There's something wrong with the address you entered. You may not be authorized* to access the web page, or maybe it no longer exists.Solution: Check the address carefully, especially if the address is long. Make sure that the slashes are correct (they should be forward slashes) and that all the names are properly spelled. Web addresses are case sensitive, so check that the names are capitalized in your entry as they are in the original reference to the website.401 - UnauthorizedProblem: You can't access a website, because you're not on the guest list, your password is invalid or you have entered your password incorrectly.Solution: If you think you have authorization, try typing your password again. Remember that passwords are case sensitive.403 - ForbiddenProblem: Essentially the same as a 401.Solution: Try entering your password again or move on to another site.404 - Not FoundProblem: Either the web page no longer exists on the server or it is nowhere to be found.Solution: Check the address carefully and try entering it again. You might also see if the site has a search engine and if so, use it to hunt for the document. (It's not uncommon for pages to change their addresses when a website is redesigned.) To get to the home page of the site, delete everything after the domain name and hit the Enter or Return key.503 - Service unavailableProblem: Your Internet service provider (ISP) or your company's Internet connection may be down.Solution: Take a stretch, wait a few minutes and try again. If you still have no luck, phone your ISP or system administrator.Bad file requestProblem: Your web browser may not be able to decipher the online form you want to access. There may also be a technical error in the form.Solution: Consider sending a message to the site's webmaster, providing any technical information you can, such as the browser and version you use.Connection refused by hostProblem: You don't have permission to access the page or your password is incorrect.Solution: Try typing your password again if you think you should have access.Failed DNS lookupProblem: DNS stands for the Domain Name System, which is the system that looks up the name of a website, finds a corresponding number (similar to a phone number), then directs your request to the appropriate web server on the Internet. When the lookup fails, the host server can't be located.Solution: Try clicking on the Reload or Refresh button on your browser toolbar. If this doesn't work, check the address and enter it again. If all else fails, try again later.File contains no dataProblem: The site has no web pages on it.Solution: Check the address and enter it again. If you get the same error message, try again later.Host unavailableProblem: The web server is down.Solution: Try clicking on the Reload or Refresh button. If this doesn't work, try again later.Host unknownProblem: The web server is down, the site may have moved, or you've been disconnected from the Net.Solution: Try clicking on the Reload or Refresh button and check to see that you are still online. If this fails, try using a search engine to find the site. It may have a new address.Network connection refused by the serverProblem: The web server is busy.Solution: Try again in a while.Unable to locate hostProblem: The web server is down or you've been disconnected from the Net.Solution: Try clicking on the Reload or Refresh button and check to see that you are still online.Unable to locate serverProblem: The web server is out-of-business or you may have entered the addressincorrectly.Solution: Check the address and try typing it again.二、英文翻译：网络网络的诞生迄今为止，因特网的历史虽比较简短，但仍然是突破性的。
《计算机网络》试卷
《计算机网络》期末试卷及答案（2000级）一、填空题（每空1分，共25分）1、信道复用技术有三种方式：________、___________和_____________。
2、IP地址长度在IPV4中为_____比特，而在IPV6中则为_____比特。
3、网络上的计算机之间通信要采用相同的______，FTP是一种常用的_____层协议。
4、从计算机域名到IP地址翻译的过程称为________。
5、常见广播式网络一般采用_____和______结构。
6、目前以太网最常用的传输媒体是_________。
7、TCP协议是_________的，UDP协议是____________的。
8、在局域网模型中，数据链路层又分为_____________和___________。
9、网络管理的五大功能是：_____、____、____、____、____。
二、名词翻译（英译中）（每小题3分，共15分）1、ARP2、SDH3、FDDI4、W AN5、QOS三、选择题（每小题2分，共30分）1、网络层的互联设备是____。
A、网桥B、交换机C、路由器D、网关2、IP协议是无连接的，其信息传输方式是____。
A、点到点B、广播C、虚电路D、数据报3、用于电子邮件的协议是____。
A、IPB、TCPC、SNMPD、SMTP4、WEB使用____进行信息传递。
A、HTTPB、HTMLC、FTPD、TELNET5、检查网络连通性的应用程序是____。
A、PINGB、ARPC、BINDD、DNS6、ISDN的基本速率是____。
A、64kbpsB、128kbpsC、144kbpsD、384kbps7、在INTERNET中，按____地址进行寻址。
A、邮件地址B、IP地址C、MAC地址D、网线接口地址8、在下面的服务中，____不属于INTERNET标准的应用服务。
A、WWW服务B、EMAIL服务C、FTP服务D、NETBIOS服务9、数据链路层的数据单位是____。
计算机网络中英文互译
DWDM (Deｎｓe WDM) 密 集 波 分 复 用
AＲQ (Autｏmaｔic Rｅpeａt reQｕest) 自 动 请 求 重 发
ATM (Ａsynchronous Ｔransｆeｒ Moｄe) 异 步 传 递 方 式
ATU (Aｃceｓs Tｅrminatioｎ Unit) 接 入 端 接 单 元
ATU-C (Accesｓ Ｔermination Unit Ceｎtraｌ Ofｆicｅ ) 端 局 接 入 端 接 单 元
ＣCIＴT (Cｏnsultatiｖe Commｉｔtee, Intｅrnａtional Tｅlｅgraph and Tｅlｅpｈone）国际电报电话咨询委员会
CCＰ 通信控制处理机
CＤＭ (Cｏde Division Mulｔiplexinｇ) 码 分 复 用
CDMA (Ｃoｄe Ｄivisioｎ Ｍuｌtipｌex Aｃｃｅｓs) 码 分 多 址 ﻫCNNＩC (Neｔwｏｒｋ Information Centeｒ of China) 中 国 互 联 网 络 信 息 中 心
CＡP (Cａｒrierｌｅss Amplituｄe Phaｓe) 无 载 波 振 幅 相 位 调 制 ﻫCATV (Comｍunｉty Antenna TV, CAble ＴV) 有 线 电 视
CＢＲ ( Constant Bit Ｒatｅ ) 恒 定 比 特 率 ﻫCCIR （Ｃｏｎsultatiｖe Ｃommiｔｔｅe，Ｉnternational Rａdio） 国 际 无 线 电 咨 询 委 员 会
计算机与网络用语中英翻译（一）_计算机英语词汇
a and i 摘要和目录a and notb gate a及反b闸a drive a 磁盘驱动器a impliesb gate, negative a及非b闸；负a隐含b闸；负a蕴含b闸a implies,b gate b或非a闸a programming language, apl apl 语言a- conversion a-变换a-bus 主总线a-conversion a-变换a-light a缓存器控制灯a-type addrress constant a型地址常数a/d (analog-to-digital) 模拟对数字转换a/d converter 模拟至数字转换器a/d converter controller 模拟数字转换控制器a/d converter, counter type 计数式模拟数字转换器a/d converter, successive approximation 连续近似模拟数字转换器a/d converter, video 视讯模拟数字转换器a/d interface 模拟-数字接口a/dconverter, charge balancing 电荷平衡模拟数字转换器a/v ready 影音专用硬盘机aadjacent-channel selectivity 邻近道选择性aba 美国银行业协会aba number 美国银行协会数码abacus 算盘abandon 舍弃abbreviated address calling 缩写地址呼号abend dump 异常终止倾印abend exit 异常终止出口abend recovery program 异常终止恢复程序abend, unrecoverable 不可恢复异常终止aberration 像差abilene abileneabkhazian 亚布卡萨文abnormal 不正常abnormal end of task (abend) 异常终止abnormal end of task dump (abend dump) 异常终止倾印abnormal end of task exit (abend exit) 异常终止出口abnormal execution 异常性执行abnormal termination 异常终止abored cycle 中止周期abort 放弃abort function 中止函式abort timer 中断定时器aborted cycle 中止周期about 关于about box 「关于」对话框above 890 decision 高超890决议abrasiveness 研磨性absa, business software alliance 商业软件联盟absolute address 绝对地址absolute addressing 绝对寻址absolute assembler 绝对组合器absolute cell reference 绝对区段参考absolute code 绝对码absolute coding 绝对编码absolute command 绝对指令absolute coordinate 绝对坐标absolute data 绝对数据absolute error 绝对误差absolute expression 绝对表示法absolute instruction 绝对指令absolute loader (absldr) 绝对载入器absolute maximum rating 绝对最大定额absolute order 绝对命令absolute path 绝对路径absolute position 绝对地址absolute positioning 绝对位置absolute reference 绝对参考absolute term 绝对项absolute time 绝对时间absolute value 绝对值absolute value device 绝对值装置absolute value sign 绝对值符号absolute vector 绝对向量absolute-value device 绝对值装置absolute-valuesign 对值符号absorption 吸收absorption current 吸收电流abstract 摘录abstract base class 抽象基底类别abstract class 抽象类别abstract data type 抽象数据类型abstract declarator 抽象宣告子abstract file 摘要档案abstract symbol 摘录符号abstract syntax 抽象语法abstract syntax of sgml sgml的抽象语法abstracting service 摘录服务abstracting, automatic 自动化摘录abstraction 抽象性ac adapter 交流电转接器ac dump 交流电源切断ac erasing 交流抹除ac input module, controller 控制器交流输入模板ac output module, controller 控制器输出模块ac power cord 交流电电源线ac tesi 交流测试ac test 交流测试ac/dc ringing 交流/直流振铃acc area communication controller 区域网管中心accelerated graphic port(agp) 绘图加速连接端口accelerated graphics port (agp) 图形加速端口acceleration period 加速期acceleration time 加速时间accelerator board 加速板accelerator editor 加速键编辑器accelerator key 加速键accelerator mapping 加速键对映accelerator resource 加速键资源accelerator table 加速键对应表accent 重音；声调accent sensitive 区分腔调字accept 接受acceptance test 验收测试access 存取access arm 存取臂access arrangement 存取装置access authority 存取法则access button 存取键access charge 存取费用access code 存取密码access coding, minimal 存取编码access control 存取控制access control field 接达控制字段access date 存取日期access environment 存取设备access function 存取函式access hole 存取孔access key 便捷键access line 存取线access mask 存取屏蔽access mechanism 存取机制access method 存取方法access method routines 存取方法例程access mode 存取模式access path 接达路径access permission 存取许可access permition 存取许可access privileges 存取权限access rate 接取速率access right 存取权限access scan 存取扫瞄；存取搜索access server 存取服务器access site 存取位置access specifier 存取规范access speed 接取速度access time 存取时间access time, address 地址存取时间access time, memory 记忆存取时间access time, ram 随机存取内存存取时间access time, tape 磁带存取时间access will be granted 授与存取access, content-addressable memory 可寻址内容记忆存取access, direct 直接存取access, immediate 实时存取access, instantaneous 立即存取access, multiple 复存取access, parallel 并行存取access, random 随机存取access, remote batch 远距群组存取access, serial 串行存取access, zerc 零存取access-address, second-level address 存取地址；间接地址access-control entry 存取控件 (ace)accessarm 存取臂accessiblity domain 存取范围定义域accessor function 存取子函式accessor type 存取子类别accessories 附件accessory 附件according file 根据档案accordion 手风琴accordion coil 指状线圈account 账号account policy 账号政策account type 账号类型accounting 账号accounting check 账号检查accounting machine 会计机accounting(cama) 集中式自动化通话记帐制accounting-operator number identification(cama-oni)operator 集中式自动化通accumulate(acc) 累积accumulating reproducer 累积复制器accumulator 累加器accumulator (acc) 累积器accumulator (acc) (accum) 累积器 1.一种设计，其可决定一算数accumulator jump instruction 累积器跳越指令accumulator shift instruction 累积器位移指令accumulator, running 流动累积器accuracy 精确度accuracy control character 准确度控制字符accuracy control system 准确度控制系统accurately 准确地acd 自动呼叫分配器acdump 交流撤除acetate base 醋酸纤膜衬底achieved reliability 达成可靠度acia (asynchronous communications interface adapter) 异步通讯接口转接器acia interface signals 异步通讯界面配接器界面信号acia microcomputer control 异步通信接口配接器微算机控制ack n/aack/nak transmission 认可字符/不认可字符传输acknowledge 确认acknowledge character (ack) 认可字符acknowledgment(ack) 确认acl (audit command language) 审核指令语言acm 计算器组织协会acm (association for computing machinery) 计算器器协会acm committee on nomenlature 计算器器术语委员会acoustic coupler 声音耦合器acoustic coupler operation 声音耦合作业acoustic coupler, auto-answer modem 自答型调变解调声音耦合器acoustic coupling 声耦合acoustic delay line 音声延迟线acoustic fingerprinting 声纹辨识技术acoustic level 噪音位准acoustic memory 音响记忆器acoustic modem 音声调变解调器acoustic storage 音响储存体acpi 高等组态与能源界面acquire 取得acquire printer ports 取得打印机连接端口acquisition 收购acronym 首字缩action 作用action cycle 作用周期action line 作用线action message 作用讯息action period 作用周期action provider component 动作提供者组件action query 动作型查询action specification 作用说明action spot 作用点action table 动作表action/adventure 动作/冒险片activate (a block) 启动activate button 触动钮activate object 活化物件activate request 活化要求activate task list 活化工作清单activate this window 活化这个窗口activates 活化activates embedded or linked object 活化内嵌或连结的对象activation 启动activation key 活化金钥activator 活化子active 作用中active area 作用区域active break point 作用断点active card 主动式卡active cell 作用储存格active component 主动组件active content 主动式内容active context handle 主动式内容控制代码active desktop componnet 动态桌面组件active display 主动显示active document 作用中文件active document applications 主动式文件应用程序active document server 主动式文件伺服程序active document support 主动式文件支持active document type 现用的文件型别active document type declaration 现用的文件型别宣告active element 有效组件active file 执行中档案active html documents 主动式 html 文件active hub 主动集线器active line 现役传送线active link 现役无线电传送线路active link type 现用的链接型别active link type declaration 现用的链接型别宣告active master file 现役主档案active master item 现役主项目active matrix display 主动矩阵显示active navigation 主动式导览active program 现役程序active satellite 主动卫星active screen buffer 作用中屏幕缓冲区active server page (asp) 动态伺服页active state 作用状态active station 主动讯号台active terminator 主动式终端器active title bar 作用中窗口的标题列active title bar text 作用中窗口的标题列文字active transducer 主动转换器active window 作用中窗口active window caption color 作用中窗口的标题色彩activex activex技术activity 活性，活动率activity level 活动等级activity loading 活动馈入法activity network 活动网络activity ratio 活动性，活动比率activitylevel 活动位准activityloading 活动馈入法actual address 实际地址actual argument 实质自变量actual data transfer rate 实际数据转移率actual decimal point 实际十进制点actual key 实位键actual parameter list 实质参数清单actual time 实时actual transfer rate 实际传送率actual working time (awt) 实际工作时间actuating signal 动作信号acute 锐角acyclic feeding 非周期性馈送acyclic graph 非循环图ad banner 广告横幅ad impression 广告曝光ad request 广告索阅ad view 广告点选人数ada ada语言ada language structure ada语言结构adapso 美国加拿大数据运作服务协会adaptation layer, aal atm 调节层adapter 适配器adapter (interface card) 适配卡adapter plug 配接器插头adapter, channel 通道配接器adapter, gpib interface 一般用途界面总线配接器adapting, sell 自适态adaptive caching 自适式高速缓存adaptive channel allocation 自适通路分配adaptive control action 自适控制作用adaptive differential pulse code modulation, adpcm 可调式差动博码调变、可适性差分脉冲码调adaptive dithering 拟色adaptive palette 最适化色盘adaptive transversal equalizer 自适截面均衡器adbot software (adware) adwareadc 模拟至数字转换器adc interfacing, systems 系统模拟数字转换接口adc, flash or parallel type 闪电或并行式模拟数字转换器adc, integrating 积体模拟数字转换器adc/mps support hardware 连接adc (模拟数字转换器) 和mps (微处理器系adccp 高等数据通讯控制程序adcon (address constant) 地址常数add 加入add as 加入为add cut line 加入裁切行add device driver 加入驱动程序add existing item 加入现有项目add existing project 加入现有项目add file 附加档案add folder 加入数据夹add item 加入项目add mode 加格式add new 加入新的add new hardware 加入新的硬件add new item 加入新项目add new project 加入新的项目add new solution item 加入新的方案项目add on card 加置卡add operation 加法运算add personal mailbox 新增个人信箱add time 加运算耗时add to 加入到add to output 加入到输出add to solution 加入到解决方案add to storage 加入储存add, boolean 布尔加add, logical 逻辑加add, special 特级加add-in 增益功能add-in memory 添加内存add-ins 加载宏add-on 增添辅助物add-on card 附加卡add-on memories, lsi 大规模集成电路附加记忆add-on program 附加程序add-subtract time 加-减耗时add/remove 新增/移除add/remove program 新增/移除程序added entry 附加入口addend 加数adder 加法器adder (a)(addr) 加法器adder subtracter 加减器adder, analog 模拟加法器adder-accumulator 加法累积器addition 加法addition item 附加项addition operator 加法运算子addition record 增添纪录addition table 加法表addition time, microprocessor 微处理机加算时间addition, destructive 破坏性加法addition, nondestructive 非破坏性加法addition, serial 串行加法addition, zeroaccess 零出入加法additional 额外additional character 附加字符additional header data 额外的标头数据additional materials 额外材料additive attributes 增添属性additive color 投影色彩additive operator 加法类运算子additive process 添加处理address 地址address access time 地址存取时间address alignment 地址列线address book 通讯簿address bus 地址总线address code 地址代码address comparator 地址比较器address computation 地址计算address conflict 地址冲突address constant 地址常数address conversion 地址转换address effective 有效地址address error exception 地址错误例外address field 地址栏address field, dish 磁盘地址栏address format 地址格式address instruction, functional 函数指令地址；功能地址指令address instruction, immediate 实时指令地址address mapping 地址变换address mark 地址符号address marks, disk 磁盘地址符号address mode 地址模式address modes, microprocessor 微处理机地址模式address modification (adm) 地址修改address operand 操作数地址address part 地址部address path, microprocessor 微处理机地址路径address register 地址缓存器address restriction 地址限制address size 地址大小address source, instruction 指令地址源address space 地址空间address space identifier (asid) 地址空间识别符号address stop 地址停止符address storage, display lights 展示讯号地址储存器address system, one-over-one 一超一地址制address trace 地址轨address track 地址磁道address translation 地址转译address translator (at) 地址转译器address, absolute 绝对地址address, actual 实际地址address, arithmetic 算术地址address, base 基地址address, calculated 计算地址address, checking file program 检查档案程序地址address, direct 直接地址address, direct reference 直接参考地址address, dummy 虚假地址address, effective virtual 有效虚地址address, floating 浮动地址address, four 四址address, immediate 实时地址address, indexed 指针地址address, indirect 间接地址address, indirect reference 间接参考地址address, instruction 指令地址address, machine 机械地址address, memory 内存地址address, memory and i/o 内存和输出入地址address, microprocessor 微处理机地址address, multiple 多级地址address, nth-level n级地址address, one plus one 一加一地址address, operand effective 操作数有效地址address, p p地址address, page 页面地址address, presumptive 假定地址address, program counter 程序计算器地址address, q q地址address, reference 参考地址address, regional 区域地址address, register field 缓存器栏地址address, relative 相对地址address, result 结果地址address, second-level 第二级地址address, single 单址address, single-level 单级地址address, specific 特定地址address, symbolic 符号地址address, third-level 第三级地址address, three 三地址address, two 二址address, variable 可变地址address, zero-level 零级地址address-of operator 取址运算子addressability 地址度addressability measure 地址度量度addressable atorage 程控的可定地址储存计算器addressable horizontal position 水平可寻址位置addressable point 可寻址点addressable storage 键盘控制的可定地址储存计算器addressable vertical positions 垂直可寻址位置addressable-pollable terminal 录册地址性终端机addressed location, specific 特定寻址位置addressed memory 寻址记忆器addressee 受讯者addresses of address 地址之寻址addressing 寻址addressing (addr) 寻址addressing capabilities 寻址能力addressing capacity 寻址容量addressing capacity, microprocessor 微处理机寻址容量addressing characters 寻址字符addressing level 寻址等级addressing mode 寻址模式addressing modes 寻址模态addressing modes, instruction 指令寻址模态addressing modes, microprocessor 微处理机定型模态addressing modes, relocatable code 可重寻址码寻址模态addressing types 寻址型式addressing (addr) 寻址addressing, bit set/clear mode 单位元寻址；清除模态寻址addressing, common data bus 共数据总线寻址addressing, deferred 暂位寻址addressing, direct 直接寻址法addressing, disk file 磁盘档案寻址addressing, extended 扩展寻址addressing, file pockets 档案袋寻址addressing, fixed-position 固定位置寻址addressing, hash 初步寻址法addressing, immediate 实时寻址法addressing, indexed 指标寻址addressing, indirect 间接寻址法addressing, inherent 固有寻址；本质寻址addressing, relative 相对寻址addressing, repetitive 重复寻址addressing, self-relative 自我相对寻址addressing, specific 特定寻址addressing, symbolic 符号寻址addressing, three-level 三阶寻址addressing, two-level 二阶寻址addressing, types 寻址型式addressless instruction format 无地址指令格式addresstransiator (at) 地址转译器adi 美国文件协会adis 自动数据交换系统adjacency 字距adjacent 相邻adjacent channel 近信道adjacent domains 邻近区域adjacent link storage image 邻近连接储存映象adjacent nodes 邻近节点adjacent subareas 邻近次区域adjacent-channel interference 邻近通道干扰adjacent-channel selectivity 邻近通道选择性adjust (line end) 调准(行尾)adjust column 调整字段adjust text mode 调准文字模态adjustable extent 可调范围adjustment, character 字符调整administration 管理administration console 管理主控台administrative data processing 行政数据处理administrative operations 行政管理作业administrative support system 行政支持系统administrative system 行政系统administrator 系统管理员administrator account 系统管理员账号adp system 自动化数据处理系统adpe 自动数据处理设备adps 自动数据处理系统adsl 非对称式数字用户线路(asymmetric digital subscriber line) adsl asymmetrical digital subscriber line 非对称数字用户回路adult 成人片advance card technology canada (act canada) 加拿大卡片科技推广促进advance data link controller (adlc) 高等数据连接控制器advanced 进阶advanced communications service (acs) 高等通信服务advanced configuration & power interface(acpi) 高等组态与能源界面advanced configuration and power interface (acpi) 进阶组能与电源界面advanced encryption standard (aes) 高级加密标准advanced encryption standard, aes 先进加密标准advanced information systems (ais) 高等信息系统advanced intellgent network (ain) 高阶智能网络advanced intelligent tape 先进智能型磁带机系统advanced mobile phone service 高等移动电话服务advanced mobile phone service (amps) 先进行动电话服务advanced mobile phone system (amps) 模拟式行动电话系统advanced optical character reader (aocr) 高等感光文字阅读机advanced research projects agency (arpa) 高阶研究计划署advanced television system commission (atsc) 美国先进电视系统委员会advenced graphics port (agp) 加速影像处理端口adventure 冒险片advertising 广播advisory committee 中文界面谘询委员会advisory committee on code of practice for recognized certification authorities认advisory committee [gac] 互联网域名及规约编号指配组织辖adx 自动数据交换aed 自动工程设计系统aerial 天线aerial cable 架空电缆afar 阿法文afips 美国信息处理协会联盟afr 自动格式组织afrikaans 南非荷兰文after service 售后服务after-image 余像agenda 议程agent 代理程序aggregate 汇总aggregate expression 聚合表示aggregate field 汇总数据域位aggregate function 汇总函式aggregate object 汇总物件aggregate point of presence with gigabit capacity giga传输汇集点aggregate query 汇总查询aggregate type 汇总类型aggregation 汇总agument transfer instruction 参数转移指令ai 人工智能ai, artificial intelligence 人工智能,人工智能aida aida法则aifc 声音文件格式aiming circle 标的圈aiming field 标的场aiming symbol 标的符号airbrush 喷枪airbrushed strokes 喷枪笔画airline reservation system 航空订位系统ais n/aait﹒另类aix 高阶交谈式作业系列al 汇编语言alarm 警示alarm display 警报显示器alarm systems, microprocessor 微处理机警报系统alarm, audible 音响警报(器)alarm-repeated transmission 警报复送albanian 阿尔巴尼亚文album 相簿ald n/aalerting (alerting signal) 警示讯号alertor 警报器algebraic expression 代数表示algebraic expression manipulation statement 代数表示操作陈述algebraic language 代数语言algebraic manipulation 代数操作algebraic sign conventions 代数符号规则algol algol程序语言algol (algorithmic language) 奥高(算法语言)algol 10 奥高10语言algol 68 奥高68语言algorithm 算法algorithm convergence 算法收敛性algorithm, programming 程序设计算法algorithm, scheduing 排程算法algorithm, transfer 转移运算法algorithm, translation 翻译算法algorithmic 算法的algorithmic language 算法语言algorithmic routine 演算例程alias 别名alias name 别名aliasing 别名align 对齐align center 置中对齐align left 靠左对齐align right 靠右对齐align text 对齐文字align to grid 贴齐网格线alignment 排列alignment pin 调整脚alignmentpin 调整脚all 算术逻辑单位all files 所有档案all purpose computer 全能计算机；全方位计算机all types 所有类型all-number calling (anc) 全数目呼叫all-number calling(anc) 全数目呼叫all-source analysts 全资源分析师allocate 分派allocation unit 配置单位allocation, dynamic-storage 动态储存配置allocation, resource 资源配置allocation, storage 储存配置allocator 分派器allotting 取位选择allow 允许almador almador芯片组aln 高阶智能网络alpha αalpha channel alpha 色板alpha cpu alpha 微处理器alpha flux α通量。
计算机网络中英文对照外文翻译文献
中英文资料外文翻译计算机网络计算机网络，通常简单的被称作是一种网络，是一家集电脑和设备为一体的沟通渠道，便于用户之间的沟通交流和资源共享。
网络可以根据其多种特点来分类。
计算机网络允许资源和信息在互联设备中共享。
一．历史早期的计算机网络通信始于20世纪50年代末，包括军事雷达系统、半自动地面防空系统及其相关的商业航空订票系统、半自动商业研究环境。
1957年俄罗斯向太空发射人造卫星。
十八个月后，美国开始设立高级研究计划局(ARPA)并第一次发射人造卫星。
然后用阿帕网上的另外一台计算机分享了这个信息。
这一切的负责者是美国博士莱德里尔克。
阿帕网于来于自印度，1969年印度将其名字改为因特网。
上世纪60年代，高级研究计划局(ARPA)开始为美国国防部资助并设计高级研究计划局网(阿帕网)。
因特网的发展始于1969年，20世纪60年代起开始在此基础上设计开发，由此，阿帕网演变成现代互联网。
二．目的计算机网络可以被用于各种用途:为通信提供便利:使用网络，人们很容易通过电子邮件、即时信息、聊天室、电话、视频电话和视频会议来进行沟通和交流。
共享硬件:在网络环境下，每台计算机可以获取和使用网络硬件资源，例如打印一份文件可以通过网络打印机。
共享文件：数据和信息: 在网络环境中，授权用户可以访问存储在其他计算机上的网络数据和信息。
提供进入数据和信息共享存储设备的能力是许多网络的一个重要特征。
共享软件:用户可以连接到远程计算机的网络应用程序。
信息保存。
安全保证。
三．网络分类下面的列表显示用于网络分类：3．1连接方式计算机网络可以据硬件和软件技术分为用来连接个人设备的网络，如：光纤、局域网、无线局域网、家用网络设备、电缆通讯和G.hn（有线家庭网络标准）等等。
以太网的定义，它是由IEEE 802标准，并利用各种媒介，使设备之间进行通信的网络。
经常部署的设备包括网络集线器、交换机、网桥、路由器。
无线局域网技术是使用无线设备进行连接的。
计算机网络习题(有答案)
一、填空题1.计算机网络是现代通信技术和计算机技术密切结合的产物。
2.计算机网络的定义为一个互连的自主的计算机集合。
3.计算机网络按规模分为局域网，城域网，广域网。
4.按带宽分为窄带网和宽带网。
5.局域网的英文缩写为 LAN ，城域网的英文缩写为 MAN ，广域网的英文缩写为 WAN 。
6.在某层上进行通信所使用的规则的集合称为该层的协议。
网络各层协议按层次顺序排列而成的协议称为网络的协议栈。
7.对一个网络进行层次结构的划分时应做到：各层功能明确、相互独立；层间接口清晰、穿越接口的信息量尽可能少。
8.两个最重要的网络参考模型是__OSI/RM______模型和_TCP/IP_______。
9.OSI参考模型分为__7___层，从低到高依次是物理层、数据链路层、网络层、传输层、会话层、表示层和应用层。
10.ISO的全称是___国际标准化组织 ______，在1984年正式颁布了一个称为__开放系统互联参考模型___。
该模型包含七个层次。
11.计算机网络采用___分层结构 _____。
每层完成一定的___功能 _____，每层都向它的上层提供一定的____服务 ____，而将如何实现服务的细节对上层屏蔽，即低层协议对高层而言是透明的。
相邻两层之间为___层间接口 _____。
对等层用户通话时所必须遵守的规则称为___对等层协议_____。
12.协议由_语义，语法，时序等三部分组成。
13.TCP/IP协议分为___4__层，从低到高依次是___网络接口层_______，___网间网层_____________， __传输层________，___应用层________________。
14.数据通信的几个主要指标有___信号传输速率、数据传输速率、信道容量、误码率。
15.RS-232C机械特性规定了使用一个__25_____芯或__9_____芯接头。
16.RS-232C机械特性规定了使用一个__25_____芯标准连接器，电气特性规定逻辑“1”的电平为___-15____至__5_____，即采用正负15V的__负_____逻辑电平。
计算机网络中英文互译
计算机网络中英翻译ACK (ACKnowledgement) 确认帧ADSL (Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line) 非对称数字用户线AN (Access Network ）接入网ANSI (American National Standards Institute) 美国国家标准协会AP (Access Point) 接入点API (Application Programming Interface) 应用编程接口APNIC (Asia Pacific Network Information Center) 亚太网络信息中心ARP （ Address Resolution Protocol ）地址解析协议ARPA (Advanced Research Project Agency)美国国防部远景研究规划局（高级研究计划署）ARQ (Automatic Repeat reQuest) 自动请求重发ATM (Asynchronous Transfer Mode) 异步传递方式ATU (Access Termination Unit) 接入端接单元ATU-C (Access Termination Unit Central Office ）端局接入端接单元ATU-R (Access Termination Unit Remote) 远端接入端接单元AUI (Attachment Unit Interface ）连接接口单元AWT （ Abstract Window Toolkit ）抽象窗口工具箱BECN (Backward Explicit Congestion Notification) 反向显式拥塞通知BER (Basic Encoding Rule) 基本编码规则BGP (Border Gateway Protocol) 边界网关协议BSA (Basic Service Area) 基本服务区BSS (Basic Service Set) 基本服务集BNA 宝来网络体系结构CAC (Connection Admission Control) 连接准许控制CAP (Carrierless Amplitude Phase) 无载波振幅相位调制CATV (Community Antenna TV, CAble TV) 有线电视CBR （ Constant Bit Rate ）恒定比特率CCIR (Consultative Committee，International Radio) 国际无线电咨询委员会CCITT (Consultative Committee, International Telegraph and Telephone)国际电报电话咨询委员会CCP 通信控制处理机CDM (Code Division Multiplexing) 码分复用CDMA (Code Division Multiplex Access) 码分多址CNNIC (Network Information Center of China) 中国互联网络信息中心CRC (Cyclic Redundancy Check) 循环冗余检验CSMA/CD (Carrier Sense Multiple Access ／ Collision Detection)载波监听多点接入/碰撞检测CSU/DSU （ Channel Service Unit/Data Service Unit) 信道服务单元／数据服务单元CTD (Cell Transfer Delay) 信元传送时延DACS (Digital Access and Cross-connect System) 数字交接系统DCA 数据通信体系结构DCE (Data Circuit-terminating Equipment) 数据电路端接设备DE (Discard Eligibility) 丢弃指示DES (Data Encryption Standard) 数据加密标准DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) 动态主机配置协议DLCI (Data Link Connection Identifier) 数据链路连接标识符DMT (Discrete Multi-Tone) 离散多音（调制）DNS (Domain Name System) 域名系统DNA 数据网络系统结构DSL (Digital Subscriber Line) 数字用户线DSLAM (DSL Access Multiplexer) 数字用户线接入复用器DSSS (Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum) 直接序列扩频DTE (Data Terminal Equipment) 数据终端设备DVMRP (Distance Vector Multicast Routing Protocol) 距离向量多播路由选择协议DWDM (Dense WDM) 密集波分复用EGP (External Gateway Protocol) 外部网关协议EIA (Electronic Industries Association ）美国电子工业协会ESP (Encapsulating Security Payload) 封装安全有效载荷ESS 伍 xtended Service Set) 扩展的服务集FCS (Frame Check Sequence) 帧检验序列FDDI (Fiber Distributed Data Interface ）光纤分布式数据接口FDM (Frequency Division Multiplexing) 频分复用FEC (Forwarding Equivalence Class) 转发等价类FEC (Forward Error Correction) 前向纠错FHSS (Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum) 跳频扩频FIFO （ First In First Out) 先进先出FQ (Fair Queuing) 公平排队FR (Frame Relay) 帧中继FSK (Frequency Shift Keying) 移频键控FTP (File Transfer Protocol ）文件传送协议FTTB (Fiber To The Building) 光纤到大楼FTTC (Fiber To The Curb ）光纤到路边FTTH (Fiber To The Home) 光纤到家FTTD (Fiber To The Desk) 光纤到桌面FTTZ(Fiber To The Zone ）光纤到小区FTTO (Fiber To The Office) 光纤到办公室FTTF (Fiber To The Floor) 光纤到楼层GIF (Graphics Interchange Format) 图形交换格式GII (Global Information Infrastructure) 全球信息基础结构，全球信息基础设施GFC （ Generic Flow Control) 通用流量控制GSM (Group Special Mobile) 群组专用移动通信体制HDLC (High-level Data Link Control) 面向比特的链路控制规程HDSL (High speed DSL) 高速数字用户线HEC (Header Error Control) 首部差错控制HFC (Hybrid Fiber Coax) 光纤同轴混合（网）HTML (HyperText Markup Language) 超文本置标语言HTTP (HyperText Transfer Protocol) 超文本传送协议IAB (Internet Architecture Board) 因特网体系结构委员会IAC （ Interpret As Command ）作为命令解释IAHC (Internet International Ad Hoc Committee ）因特网国际特别委员会ICMP （ Internet Control Message Protocol ）因特网控制报文协议IDEA (International Data Encryption Algorithm) 国际数据加密算法IEEE电气和电子工程师协会IESG (Internet Engineering Steering Group) 因特网工程指导小组IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force) 因特网工程部IFS (Inter Frame Space) 帧间间隔IGMP (Internet Group Management Protocol) 因特网组管理协议IGP (Interior Gateway Protocol) 内部网关协议IM (Instant Messaging) 即时传信IMAP (Internet Message Access Protocol) 因特网报文存取协议IMP （ Interface Message Processor) 接口报文处理机IP (Internet Protocol ）网际协议IR (InfraRed ）红外技术IRTF （ Internet Research Task Force ）因特网研究部ISDN (Integrated Services Digital Network) 综合业务数字网ISO （ International Organization for Standardization ）国际标准化组织ISOC (Internet Society) 因特网协会ISP （ Internet Service Provider) 因特网服务提供者ITU （ International Telecommunication Union ）国际电信联盟ITU-T （ ITU Telecommunication Standardization Sector) 国际电信联盟电信标准化部门JPEG (Joint Photographic Expert Group) 联合图像专家组标准KDC (Key Distribution Center) 密钥分配中心LAN (Local Area Network ）局域网LANE (LAN Emulation ）局域网仿真LAPB (Link Access Procedure Balanced) 链路接入规程（平衡型）LCP (Link Control Protocol) 链路控制协议LDP (Label Distribution Protocol) 标记分配协议LLC (Logical Link Control) 逻辑链路控制LSP (Label Switched Path) 标记交换路径LSR (Label Switching Router) 标记交换路由器MAC (Medium Access Control) 媒体接入控制MAN (Metropolitan Area Network) 城域网MAU (Medium Attachment Unit) 媒体连接单元MBONE (Multicast Backbone On the InterNEt ）多播主干网MBS (Maximum Burst Size ）最大突发长度MCR (Minimum Cell Rate ）最小信元速率 MCU (Multipoint Control Unit)多点控制单元MD (Message Digest) 报文摘要MDI (Medium Dependent Interface ）媒体相关接口MIB (Management Information Base) 管理信息库MIME (Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions) 通用因特网邮件扩充modem 调制解调器MOTIF (Message Oriented Text Interchange System) 面向报文的电文交换系统MPEG (Motion Picture Experts Group) 活动图像专家组标准MPOA (MultiProtocol Over ATM) 多协议在 ATM 上运行MPLS (MultiProtocol Label Switching) 多协议标记交换MRU (Maximum Receive Unit) 最大接收单元MSS (Maximum Segment Size) 最长报文段MTU (Maximum Transfer Unit) 最大传送单元NAK (Negative AcKnowlegement) 否认帧NAP （ Network Access Point) 网络接入点N.ISDN (Narrowband-ISDN) 窄带综合业务数字网NAT (Network Address Translation ）网络地址转换NAV (Network Al location Vector) 网络分配向量NCP (Network Control Protocol) 网络控制协议NFS (Network File System) 网络文件系统NGI 下一代因特网计划NIA 网络适配器NIC (Network Interface Card) 网络接口卡、网卡NII (National Information Infrastructure) 国家信息基础结构，国家信息基础设施NLRI (Network Layer Reachability Information) 网络层可达性信息NNI (Network-Node Interface) 网络结点接口NSF (National Science Foundation) （美国）国家科学基金会NVT (Network Virtual Terminal ）网络虚拟终端ODBC （Open Database Connection）开放数据库互连OSF （Open Software Fundation ）开放软件基金会OSI （Open System Interconnection ）开放系统互联PBX （Private Branch eXchange ）用户交换机PCM (Pulse Code Modulation ) 脉冲编码调制PCN (Personal Communications Network ) 个人通信网络PCR （Peak Cell Rate ）峰值信元速率PCS 个人通信服务 Personal Communications ServicePDH 准同步数字系列PDA 个人数字助理 Personal Digital AssistantPDN 公用数据网 Public Data NetworkPDU 协议数据单元 Protocol Data UnitPER 分组差错率 packet error ratePIR 分组插入率 packet insertion ratePLCP 物理层会聚协议 Physical Layer Convergence ProtocolPLR 分组丢失率 packet loss ratePMD 物理媒体相关（子层） Physical Medium DependentPPP 点到点协议 Point to Point ProtocolPPTP 点对点隧道协议PRM 协议参考模型 Protocol Reference ModelPRN 分组无线网 Packet Radio NetworkPSN 分组交换节点 Packet Switch NodePSTN 公用电话交换网 Public Switched Telephone NetworkRARP 逆向地址解析协议 Reverse Address Resolution ProtocolRAS 远程访问服务器RFC 请求评注 Request for CommentsRMON 远程网络管理Router 路由器RPC 远程过程调用 Remote Procedure CallRSVP 资源重复利用协议RTP 接收和发送端口RTS 往返样本 Round Trip SampleRTS 剩余时间标签SAP 业务接入点 Service Access PointSAP 服务公告协议 Service Advertising ProtocolSAR 分段和重组(子层) Segmentation and ReassemblySDH 同步数字系列 Synchronous Digital HierarchySDLC 同步数据链路控制(协议) Advanced Data Communication Control Procedure SDTV 标准数字电视SDU 业务数据单元 Service Data UnitSIPP 增强的简单因特网协议 Simple Internet Protocol PlusSLIP 串行线路IP Serial Line Interface ProtocolSMDS 交换式多兆比特数据业务 Switched Multimegabit Data ServicesSMF 单模光纤 Single-mode FiberSMT 站点管理 Station ManagementSMTP 简单邮件传输协议 Simple Mail Transfer ProtocolSNA 系统网络体系结构 System Network ArchitectureSNMP 简单网络管理协议 Simple Network Management ProtocolSNR 信噪比 Signal-Noise ratioSONET 同步光纤网络 Synchronous Optical NetworkSTM 同步传输方式 Synchronous Transfer ModeSTP 屏蔽双绞线 Shielded Twisted PairSTS 同步传输信号 Synchronous Transport SignalSVC 交换虚电路 Switched Virtual CircuitSwitch 交换机TCP 传输控制协议 Transmission Control ProtocolTDM 时分多路复用 Time Division MultiplexingTFTP 单纯文件传输协议 Trivial File Transfer protocolTelnet 远程登录协议TIP 终端接口处理机 Terminal Interface ProcessorTP 双绞线 Twisted PairTSAP 传输层服务访问点 Transport Service Access PointUDP 用户数据报协议 User Datagram ProtocolUSB 通用串行总线 Universal Serial BusUTP 非屏蔽双绞线 Unshielded Twisted PairVAN 增值网 Value Added NetworkVBR 可变比特率 Variable Bit RateVCC 虚信道连接 Virtual Channel ConnectionVLAN 虚拟局域网 Virtual LANVLSI 超大规模集成电路VOD 点播图像 Video on DemandVPC 虚路径连接 Virtual Path ConnectionVPI 虚路径标识 virtual path identifierVPN 虚拟专用网络 Virtual Private NetworkVRML 虚拟现实造型语言 Virtual Reality Modeling Language VTP 虚拟隧道协议WAN 广域网 Wide Area NetworkWDM 波分多路复用 Wavelength Division MultiplexingWWW 万维网 World Wide Web。
《计算机网络基础》 试题(带答案)
《计算机网络技术》试卷1.计算机网络最突出的优点是（）。
A.运算速度快B.计算精度高C.存储容量大D.资源共享2.计算机网络中的资源包括（）。
A.设备资源和非设备资源B.软件资源和数据资源C.硬件资源和软件资源D.硬件资源、软件资源和数据资源3.TCP提供面向（）的传输服务。
A.连接B.无连接C.地址D.端口4.Internet的历史最早可追溯到20世纪70年代，那时候它的名称是（）。
A.NSFNETB.ARPANETC.InternetENET5.信息高速公路是指（）。
A.国家信息基础设施B.快速专用通道C.电子邮政系统D.装备有通信设备的高速公路6.ATM技术的特点是（）。
A.高速、低传输延迟、采用固定长度的信元B.网状拓扑C.以帧为数据传输单位D.针对局域网互连7.在OSI参考模型的各层次中，（）的数据传送单位是报文。
A.物理层B.数据链路层C.网络层D.传输层8.FDDI作为高速主干网，使用的传输介质是（）。
A.双绞线B.同轴电缆C.光纤D.微波9.以下各项中，是令牌总线媒体访问控制方法标准的是（）。
A.IEEE802.3B.IEEE802.4C.IEEE802.5D.IEEE802.610.（）以太网中使用光纤作为传输介质。
A.10BASE-2B.10BASE-5C.10BASE-TD.10BASE-F11.下列网络设备中，属于通信子网的是（）。
A.工作站B.终端C.服务器D.交换机12.计算机网络必须由相互（）的多个计算机构成。
A.通信B.独立C.连接D.分离13.在常用的通信介质中，抗干扰能力最强的是（）。
A.双绞线B.无线信道C.同轴电缆D.光纤14.结构化布线系统采用（），可分为6个独立的子系统。
A.过程化设计和分层星状拓扑结构B.过程化设计和分层树状拓扑结构C.模块化设计和分层星状拓扑结构D.模块化设计和分层树状拓扑结构15.采用全双工通信方式，数据传输的方向性结构为（）。
A.可以在两个方向上同时传输B.只能在一个方向上传输C.可以在两个方向上传输，但不能同时传输D.以上均不对16.在ATM交换技术中，数据以信元为单位进行传输，每个信元的大小为（）。
计算机网络中英文互译,DOC
欢迎共阅计算机网络中英翻译ACK(ACKnowledgement)确认帧ADSL(AsymmetricDigitalSubscriberLine)非对称数字用户线AN(AccessNetwork）接入网ANSI(AmericanNationalStandardsInstitute)美国国家标准协会AP(AccessPoint)接入点API(ApplicationProgrammingInterface)应用编程接口APNIC(AsiaPacificNetworkInformationCenter)亚太网络信息中心ARP（AddressResolutionProtocol）地址解析协议AWT（BNACBR（CCPCSMA/CD(CarrierSenseMultipleAccess／CollisionDetection)载波监听多点接入/碰撞检测CSU/DSU（ChannelServiceUnit/DataServiceUnit)信道服务单元／数据服务单元CTD(CellTransferDelay)信元传送时延DACS(DigitalAccessandCross-connectSystem)数字交接系统DCA数据通信体系结构DCE(DataCircuit-terminatingEquipment)数据电路端接设备DE(DiscardEligibility)丢弃指示DES(DataEncryptionStandard)数据加密标准DHCP(DynamicHostConfigurationProtocol)动态主机配置协议DLCI(DataLinkConnectionIdentifier)数据链路连接标识符DMT(DiscreteMulti-Tone)离散多音（调制）DNS(DomainNameSystem)域名系统DNA数据网络系统结构DSL(DigitalSubscriberLine)数字用户线DSLAM(DSLAccessMultiplexer)数字用户线接入复用器DSSS(DirectSequenceSpreadSpectrum)直接序列扩频DTE(DataTerminalEquipment)数据终端设备DVMRP(DistanceVectorMulticastRoutingProtocol)距离向量多播路由选择协议DWDM(DenseWDM)密集波分复用EGP(ExternalGatewayProtocol)外部网关协议EIA(ElectronicIndustriesAssociation）美国电子工业协会ESS伍FCS(FrameFIFO（FR(FrameGFC（HDSL(HighspeedDSL)高速数字用户线HEC(HeaderErrorControl)首部差错控制HFC(HybridFiberCoax)光纤同轴混合（网）HTML(HyperTextMarkupLanguage)超文本置标语言HTTP(HyperTextTransferProtocol)超文本传送协议IAB(InternetArchitectureBoard)因特网体系结构委员会IAC（InterpretAsCommand）作为命令解释IAHC(InternetInternationalAdHocCommittee）因特网国际特别委员会ICMP（InternetControlMessageProtocol）因特网控制报文协议IDEA(InternationalDataEncryptionAlgorithm)国际数据加密算法IEEE电气和电子工程师协会IESG(InternetEngineeringSteeringGroup)因特网工程指导小组IETF(InternetEngineeringTaskForce)因特网工程部IFS(Inter Frame Space)帧间间隔IGMP(InternetGroupManagementProtocol)因特网组管理协议IGP(InteriorGatewayProtocol)内部网关协议IM(InstantMessaging)即时传信IMAP(InternetMessageAccessProtocol)因特网报文存取协议IMP（InterfaceMessageProcessor)接口报文处理机IP(InternetProtocol）网际协议IR(InfraRed）红外技术IRTF（ISO（ISP（ITU（ITU-T（MIB(ManagementInformationBase)管理信息库MIME(MultipurposeInternetMailExtensions)通用因特网邮件扩充modem调制解调器MOTIF(MessageOrientedTextInterchangeSystem)面向报文的电文交换系统MPEG(MotionPictureExpertsGroup)活动图像专家组标准MPOA(MultiProtocolOverATM)多协议在ATM上运行MPLS(MultiProtocolLabelSwitching)多协议标记交换MRU(MaximumReceiveUnit)最大接收单元MSS(MaximumSegmentSize)最长报文段MTU(MaximumTransferUnit)最大传送单元NAK(NegativeAcKnowlegement)否认帧NAP（NetworkAccessPoint)网络接入点N.ISDN(Narrowband-ISDN)窄带综合业务数字网NAT(NetworkAddressTranslation）网络地址转换NAV(NetworkAl location Vector)网络分配向量NCP(NetworkControlProtocol)网络控制协议NFS(NetworkFileSystem)网络文件系统NGI下一代因特网计划NIA网络适配器NIC(NetworkInterfaceCard)网络接口卡、网卡NII(NationalInformationInfrastructure)国家信息基础结构，国家信息基础设施ODBC（OSF（OSI（PBX（PCR（PCSPDHPDAPDNPDUPERPIRPLCPPLRPMDPPPPPTPPRMPRNPSN分组交换节点PacketSwitchNodePSTN公用电话交换网PublicSwitchedTelephoneNetworkRARP逆向地址解析协议ReverseAddressResolutionProtocolRAS远程访问服务器RFC请求评注RequestforCommentsRMON远程网络管理Router路由器RPC远程过程调用RemoteProcedureCallRSVP资源重复利用协议RTP接收和发送端口RTS往返样本RoundTripSampleRTS剩余时间标签SAP业务接入点ServiceAccessPointSAP服务公告协议ServiceAdvertisingProtocolSAR分段和重组(子层)SegmentationandReassemblySDH同步数字系列SynchronousDigitalHierarchySDLC同步数据链路控制(协议)AdvancedDataCommunicationControlProcedure SDTV标准数字电视SDU业务数据单元ServiceDataUnitSIPP增强的简单因特网协议SimpleInternetProtocolPlusSLIP串行线路IPSerialLineInterfaceProtocolSMDSSMFSMTSMTPSNASNMPSNRSONETSTMSTPSTSSVCTCPTDMTFTPVCC虚信道连接VirtualChannelConnectionVLAN虚拟局域网VirtualLANVLSI超大规模集成电路VOD点播图像VideoonDemandVPC虚路径连接VirtualPathConnectionVPI虚路径标识virtualpathidentifierVPN虚拟专用网络VirtualPrivateNetworkVRML虚拟现实造型语言VirtualRealityModelingLanguageVTP虚拟隧道协议WAN广域网WideAreaNetworkWDM波分多路复用WavelengthDivisionMultiplexing WWW万维网WorldWideWeb。
计算机专业英语句子翻译
Translation：1.When unprocessed data is sent to the computer with the help of input devices, the data isprocessed and sent to output devices.输入设备将未处理的数据发送到计算机时，数据将被处理并发送到输出设备。
2.The control unit, ALU, and registers are collectively known as a central processing unit(CPU).控制单元，ALU和寄存器统称为中央处理器（CPU）。
3.The CPU contains a special set of memory cells called registers that can be read and writtento much more rapidly than the main memory area.CPU包含一组称为寄存器的特殊存储器单元，读取和写入寄存器的速度比在主存储器更快。
4. A computer can store any kind of information in memory if it can be representednumerically.只要能表示为数字，计算机就能将任何类型的信息存储在存储器中。
5.Control systems in advanced computers may change the order of execution of someinstructions to improve performance.高级计算机中的控制系统可以改变某些指令的执行顺序以提高性能。
6.On computers that can provide parallel processing, an operating system can manage howto divide the program so that it runs on more than one processor at a time.在可以提供并行处理的电脑上，操作系统可以管理如何分解程序，以便在多个处理器中同时运行该程序。
计算机网络技术中英文对照外文翻译文献
中英文资料外文翻译网站建设技术1.介绍网络技术的发展,为今天全球性的信息交流与资在建立源共享和交往提供了更多的途径和可能。
足不出户便可以知晓天下大事,按几下键盘或点几下鼠标可以与远在千里之外的朋友交流,网上通信、网上浏览、网上交互、网上电子商务已成为现代人们生活的一部分。
Internet 时代, 造就了人们新的工作和生活方式,其互联性、开放性和共享信息的模式,打破了传统信息传播方式的重重壁垒,为人们带来了新的机遇。
随着计算机和信息时代的到来,人类社会前进的脚步在逐渐加快。
近几年网页设计发展,快得人目不暇接。
随着网页设计技术的发展,丰富多彩的网页成为网上一道亮丽的风景线。
要想设计美观实用的网页就应该深入掌握网站建设技术。
在建立网站时,我们分析了网站建立的目的、内容、功能、结构,应用了更多的网页设计技术。
2、网站的定义2.1 如何定义网站确定网站的任务和目标,是建设网站所面临的最重要的问题。
为什么人们会来到你的网站? 你有独特的服务吗? 人们第一次到你的网站是为了什么? 他们还会再来吗? 这些问题都是定义网站时必须考虑的问题。
要定义网站,首先,必须对整个网站有一个清晰认识,弄清到底要设计什么、主要的目的与任务、如何对任务进行组织与规划。
其次,保持网站的高品质。
在众多网站的激烈竞争中,高品质的产品是长期竞争的最大优势。
一个优秀的网站应具备：（1）用户访问网站的速度要快；（2）注意反馈与更新。
及时更新网站内容、及时反馈用户的要求；（3）首页设计要合理。
首页给访问者留下的第一印象很重要,设计务必精美,以求产生良好的视觉效果。
2.2 网站的内容和功能在网站的内容方面,就是要做到新、快、全三面。
网站内容的类型包括静态的、动态的、功能的和事物处理的。
确定网站的内容是根据网站的性质决定的,在设计政府网站、商业网站、科普性网站、公司介绍网站、教学交流网站等的内容和风格时各有不同。
我们建立的网站同这些类型的网站性质均不相同。
《计算机网络基础》 试题带答案)
《计算机网络技术》试卷A.运算速度快B.计算精度高C.存储容量大D.资源共享2.计算机网络中的资源包括（）。
A.设备资源和非设备资源B.软件资源和数据资源C.硬件资源和软件资源D.硬件资源、软件资源和数据资源3.TCP提供面向（）的传输服务。
A.连接B.无连接C.地址D.端口4.Internet的历史最早可追溯到20世纪70年代，那时候它的名称是（）。
A.NSFNETB.ARPANETC.InternetENET5.信息高速公路是指（）。
A.国家信息基础设施 ??B.快速专用通道??? ?? ?C.电子邮政系统? ???? ???D.装备有通信设备的高速公路6.ATM技术的特点是（）。
A.高速、低传输延迟、采用固定长度的信元B.网状拓扑C.以帧为数据传输单位D.针对局域网互连7.在OSI参考模型的各层次中，（）的数据传送单位是报文。
A.物理层B.数据链路层C.网络层D.传输层8.FDDI作为高速主干网，使用的传输介质是（）。
A.双绞线???B.同轴电缆???C.光纤??D.微波9.以下各项中，是令牌总线媒体访问控制方法标准的是（）。
A.IEEE802.3B.IEEE802.4C.IEEE802.5D.IEEE802.610.（）以太网中使用光纤作为传输介质。
A.10BASE-2B.10BASE-5C.10BASE-TD.10BASE-F11.下列网络设备中，属于通信子网的是（）。
A.工作站B.终端C.服务器D.交换机12.计算机网络必须由相互（）的多个计算机构成。
A.通信B.独立C.连接D.分离13.在常用的通信介质中，抗干扰能力最强的是（）。
A.双绞线B.无线信道C.同轴电缆D.光纤14.结构化布线系统采用（），可分为6个独立的子系统。
A.过程化设计和分层星状拓扑结构B.过程化设计和分层树状拓扑结构C.模块化设计和分层星状拓扑结构D.模块化设计和分层树状拓扑结构15.采用全双工通信方式，数据传输的方向性结构为（）。
计算机网络基础测试题和答案
计算机网络基础测试题和答案一、单项选择题（每小题1分，共30分）1、针对不同的传输介质，网卡提供了相应的接口。
适用于非屏蔽双绞线的网卡应提供_______________①AUI接口②RJ-45接口③光纤F/O接口④BNC接口2、在网络操作系统的发展过程中，最早出现的是_______________①对等结构操作系统②非对等结构操作系统③客户机/服务器操作系统④浏览器/服务器操作系统3、关于因特网，以下哪种说法是错误的_______________①用户利用HTTP协议使用Web服务②用户利用NNTP协议使用电子邮件服务③用户利用FTP协议使用文件传输服务④用户利用DNS协议使用域名解析服务4、在因特网中，主机通常是指_______________①路由器②交换机③集线器④服务器与客户机5、因特网上某主机的IP地址为128.200.68.101，子网屏蔽码为255.255.255.240，该连接的主机号为_______________①255 ②240 ③101 ④56、IP服务不具有以下哪个特点_______________①不可靠②面向无连接③QoS保证④尽最大努力7、在因特网中，路由器通常利用以下哪个字段进行路由选择_______________①源IP地址②目的IP地址③源MAC地址④目的MAC地址8、190.168.2.56属于以下哪一类IP地址_______________①A类②B类③C类④D类9、局域网与广域网、广域网与广域网的互联是通过哪种网络设备实现的_______________①服务器②网桥③路由器④交换机10、点-点式网络与广播式网络在技术上有重要区别。
点-点式网络需要采用分组存储转发与_______________①路由选择②交换③层次结构④地址分配11、以下关于TCP/IP协议的描述中，哪个是错误的_______________①地址解析协议ARP/RARP属于应用层②TCP、UDP协议都要通过IP协议来发送、接收数据③TCP协议提供可靠的面向连接服务④UDP协议提供简单的无连接服务12、符合FDDI标准的环路最大长度为_______________ ①100m ②1km ③10km ④100km13、实现网络层互联的设备是_______________①repeater ②bridge ③router ④gateway14、符合802.1标准的网桥是由各网桥自己决定路由选择，局域网上的各站点不负责路由选择，这类网桥被称为_______________①第2层交换②网关③源路由网桥④透明网桥15、路由器转发分组是根据报文分组的_______________①端口号②MAC地址③IP地址④域名16、在Windows 2000家族中，运行于客户端的通常是_______________①Windows 2000 Server ②Windows 2000 Professional③Windows 2000 Datacenter Server ④Windows 2000 Advance Server17、目前，因特网使用的IP协议的版本号通常为_______________①3 ②4 ③5 ④618、关于因特网中的电子邮件，以下哪种说法是错误的_______________①电子邮件应用程序的主要功能是创建、发送、接收和管理邮件②电子邮件应用程序通常使用SMTP接收邮件、POP3发送邮件③电子邮件由邮件头和邮件体两部分组成④利用电子邮件可以传送多媒体信息19、因特网的域名解析需要借助于一组既独立又协作的域名服务器完成，这些域名服务器组成的逻辑结构为_______________①总线型②树型③环型④星型20、很多FTP服务器都提供匿名FTP服务，如果没有特殊说明，匿名FTP账号为_______________①anonymous ②guest ③niming ④匿名21、下面哪个不是ATM的特征_______________①信元传输②服务质量保证③多路复用④面向非连接22、下面关于超文本的叙述中，不正确的是_______________①超文本是一种信息管理技术②超文本采用非线性的网状结构来组织信息③多媒体超文本也可以认为是超文本④超文本是由结点和链路组成的一个网络23、目前，实际存在与使用的广域网基本都是采用_______________拓扑。
浅析计算机网络安全(英文 含中文翻译)
X X X X 学院计算机专业英语班级计科学号12姓名日期2015-12-Security of Computer Network System Abstract: This paper discussed the secure and dependable problem about the computer network system. On some aspects: the importance of network security basic theory function and the method of solving a problem etc. Good views for solving the problem are put forward. It strengthens people’s consciousness on network security.Key words: Computer network Virtual private network Encryption techniques FirewallIntroduction: Along with the computer network technology development the network security and the reliability have become the question of common interest by all users. The people all hoped their own network system can move reliably not external intruder disturbance and destruction .Therefore solves the network security and the reliable problem carefully is a guarantee the network normal operation’s premise and safeguard.First: the importance of the network security. With the information developing fast today the computer network obtained the widespread application but along with the network information transmission capacity growing faster some organizations and departments benefit the speed up with the service operation in the network while the data has also suffered to extent attack and destruction. The aggressor may intercept the information in the network steals the user’s password the database information also may tamper with the database content the forge users status denies own signature. And what is more the aggressor may delete the database content the destroy node releases computer virus and so on. This cause data security and own benefit have received the serious threat. According to American FBI US Federal Bureau of Investigation invest the network security creates the economic loss surpasses 17 billion dollars every year.75 corporation report finance loss is because the computer system security problem creates. More than 50 safe threat come from inside. But only 59 loss could be possible estimate. In China the economic loss amount in view of financial domain and the banknegotiable securities computer system security problems creates has reached as high as several hundred million Yuan also sometimes occurs in view of other profession network security threat. Thus it can be seen regardless of is the mean attack or unconscious disoperation will all be able to bring the inestimable loss to the system. Therefore the computer network must have the enough strong security measure. Regardless of is in the local area network or in WAN the network security measure should be Omni-directional in view of each kind of different threat and the vulnerability so that it can guarantee the network information’s secrecy the integrity and the usability.Second: Network security rationale. International Standardization Organization ISO once suggested the computer security the definition was: “The computer system must protect its hardware the data not accidentally or reveals intentionally the change and the destruction.”In order to help the computer user discrimination and the solution computer network security problem the American Department of Defense announced “the orange peel book”orange book official name is “credible computer system standard appraisal criterion”has carried on the stipulation to the multiuser computer system security rank division. The orange peel book from low to high divides into the computer security four kinds of seven levels: D1 C1 C2 B1 B2 B3 A1.Above allD1 level does not have the lowest safety margin rank C1 and the C2 level has the lowest safety margin rank B1 and the B2 level has the medium safekeeping of security ability rank B3 and A1 belongs to the highest security rating. In the network concrete design process it should act according to each technology standard the equipment type the performance requirement as well as the funds which in the network overall plan proposed and so on the overall evaluation determines one quite reasonably the performance high network security rank thus realization network security and reliability.Third: The network security should have function. In order to adapt the information technology development well the computer network application system must have following function: 1 Access control: Through to the specificwebpage the service establishment access control system in arrives the overwhelming majority attack impediment in front of the attack goal. 2 Inspects the security loophole: Through to security loophole cyclical inspection even if attacks may get the attack goal also may cause the overwhelming majority attack to be invalid. 3 Attack monitoring: Through to specific webpage service establishment attack monitoring system but real-time examines the overwhelming majority attack and adopts the response the motion for example separation network connection recording attack process pursuit attack source and so on. 4 Encryption Communication: Encrypts on own initiative the communication may enable the aggressor to understand the revision sensitive information. 5 Authentication: The good authentication system may prevent the aggressor pretends the validated user. 6 Backup and restoration: The good backup and restores the mechanism may causes the losses when the attack as soon as possible restores the data and the system service. 7 Multi-layered Defense: The aggressor after breaks through the first defense line delays or blocks it to reach the attack goal. 8 Sets up the safe monitoring center: Provides the security system management the monitoring the protection and the emergency case service for the information system.Fourth: The network system safety comprehensive solution measures. If want to realize the network security function we should carry on the Omni-directional guarding to the network system and thus formulate the quite reasonable network security architecture. Below on the network system security problem proposes some guard measure. Physics safe may divide into two aspects: One is the artificial harm to the network the other is the network to the users. Most common thing is the constructor who did not understand to the buried cable clearly thus lead to the destruction of electric cable this kind of situation may through standing symbolized the sign guards against Has not used the structure wiring the network to be able to appear the user frequently to the electric cable damage this needs to use the structure wiring to install the network as far as possible Artificial or naturaldisaster influence when to consider the plan. The access control security the access control distinguishes and confirms the user limits the user in the already activity and the resources scope which is authorized. The network access control safe may consider from following several aspects. 1 password: The network security system most outer layer defense line is network users registering in the registration process the system would inspect the user to register the name and the password validity only then the legitimate user can enter the system. 2 The network resources’host the attribute and the visit jurisdiction: The network resources mainly include the resources which shared files the shared printer network users and so on that all the network users can use. The resources were the host to manifest the different user to the resources subordinate relations such as builder modifier and group member and so on. The resources attribute expressed itself deposit and withdrawal characteristics as can read by who write or the execution and so on. The visit jurisdiction mainly manifests in the user to the network resources available degree in using assigns the network resources to be the host the attribute and the visit jurisdiction may effectively in the application cascade control network system security. 3 Network security surveillance: The network surveillance is generally called for “the network management”its function mainly is carries on the dynamic surveillance to the entire network movement and handles each kind of event promptly. May understand simply through the network surveillance discovers and solves in the network security problem such as the localization network fault point seizes the IP embezzler the control network visit scope and so on. 4 Audit and track: Network audit and track which is including the network aspect resources use network breakdown and system keeping. It composed generally by two parts: One the recording event soon each kind of event entirely records in the document. Two carries on the analysis and the statistics to. Data transmission security, transmission security requirements to protect the information on the network is transmitted to prevent the passive and active violations. The security of data transmission can take the following measures: (1)encryption and digital signature: digital signature is the receiver of data used to confirm the sender of the data is true and correct. (2) firewall: firewall (Firewall) is a security measure that is widely used in Internet. It can be used to set up a series of components in different network or network security domain. It can detect, limit and change the data flow of the firewall, and detect the information, structure and running status of the network as far as possible, so as to realize the network security. (3) Username or Password certification: the authentication method is the most commonly used as an authentication method for the operating system, telnet (remote login), rlogin (remote login), but the process is not encrypted, that is, password is easy to be monitored and decryption. (4) authentication using the algorithm: radius (Remote Authentication Dial protocol, OSPF (open routing protocol), SNMP Security Protocol use shared Security Key (key), and the abstract algorithm (MD5) certification, but abstract algorithm is an irreversible process, therefore, in the authentication process, by the information cannot be calculated Security Key shared, so the sensitive information in the network transmission. The algorithm is mainly used on the market are mainly MD5 and SHA - 1. (5) authentication and encryption based on PKI: using PKI (public key system). This method has a high security level, which is integrated with the technology of the algorithm, asymmetric encryption, symmetric encryption, digital signature, and so on. This authentication method is currently used in the fields of email, application server access, customer authentication, firewall authentication, etc.. This kind of authentication method is very safe, but it involves a relatively heavy certificate management task. (6) virtual private network (VPN) technology: VPN technology mainly provides two-way communication in the public security, the transparent encryption scheme to ensure data integrity and confidentiality.In summary, for the security of computer network transmission, we must do the following. First, we should strictly limit access to the Internet users of the system information and resources, this function can be achieved by setting the Net Screen firewall on the access server. Second, we should strengthen the identityauthentication of Internet users, using RADIUS and other special authentication server. On the one hand, it can achieve the unified management of Internet users account; on the other hand, in the process of identity verification using encryption means to avoid the possibility of leakage of the account. Third: The use of encryption technology in the process of data transmission, to prevent data theft. One way is to use for Business Security PGP to encrypt data. Another approach is to use the VPN technology provided by Net Screen firewall. VPN in the provision of network data encryption, but also provides a single user of the encryption software, that is, the use of software encryption technology to ensure the security of data transmission.浅析计算机网络安全摘要：针对计算机网络系统存在的安全性和可靠性问题，本文从网络安全的重要性、理论基础、具备功能以及解决措施等方面提出一些见解，并且进行了详细的阐述，以使广大用户在计算机网络方面提高安全防范意识。
计算机网络复习参考题
复习参考题一、缩写语翻译1．OSI 开放系统互连参考模型2．ATM异步传输模式 3．HDLC 高级数据链路控制协议 4．ICMP 因特网报文控制协议5．OSPF 开放最短路径优先协议 6．RIP 路由信息协议 7．ARP 地址解析协议 8．IGP内部网关协议 9．MAC介质访问控制10．LLC 逻辑链路控制 11．SMTP简单邮件传输协议 12．VLAN 虚拟局域网 13．FTP 文件传输协议 14．PPP 点对点协议15．DDN 数字数据网 16．TDM 时分多路复用 17．CDM 码分多路复用18．FDM 频分多路复用 19．TCP 传输控制协议20．HTTP 超文本传输控制协议二、名词解释1．广域网：覆盖范围从几十公里到几千公里，可以将一个国家、地区或横跨几个洲的计算机和网络互连起来的网络。
2．线路交换：两台计算机进行通信前，首先要在通信子网中建立实际的物理线路连接的方法。
3．纠错码：让每个分组带上足够的冗余信息，以便在接收端能发现并自动纠正传输差错的编码方法。
端等。
线则代表各种传输媒介，包括有形的和无形的。
2.计算机网络的拓扑结构主要有：总线型拓扑、星型拓扑、环型拓扑、树型拓扑和混合型拓扑。
3．数据报和虚电路有何区别？1从思路上讲:虚电路的可靠应当网络来保证,而数据报的可靠通信应当由用户主机来保证;2从连接的建立:虚电路服务必须有，数据报服务不需要；3从终点地址：虚电路仅在连接建立阶段使用，每个分组使用短的虚电路号；数据报每个分组都有终点的完整地址。
4从分组的转发：属于同一条虚电路的分组均按照同一路由进行转发；数据报的每个分组独立选择路由进行转发5当结点出故障时：所有通过出故障的结点的虚电路均不能工作；数据报出故障的结点可能会丢失分组，一些路由可能会发生变化；6从分组的顺序：虚电路总是按发送顺序到达终点；数据报到达终点时不一定按发送顺序；从端到端的差错处理和流量控制：虚电路可以由网络负责，也可以由用户主机负责；数据报由用户主机负责4．网桥和路由器有何差别？答：（1）网桥工作在数据链路层，它根据MAC 帧的目的地址对收到的帧进行转发，具有过滤帧的功能；.路由器工作在网络层，用路由器连接的网络可以使用在数据链路层和物理层完全不同的协议；（2）由于路由器操作的OSI层次比网桥高，所以，路由器提供的服务更为完善，它可根据传输费用、转接时延、网络拥塞或信源和终点间的距离来选择最佳路径。
计算机网络习题
第三部分综合练习一、填空题1.通信网络的交换方式有两种，即(点对点交换、电路交换)和(存储转发交换、包交换)。
2.计算机网络是(通信)技术与(计算机)技术的结合。
3.交换技术有三种，即(电路交换)、(报文交换)和(分组交换)。
4.交换节点将某一方向线路来的信息选择一条通路输出到另一个方向去的过程叫作(交换)。
5.计算机网络采用(分组交换、包)交换技术，而传统电话网络采用(电路)交换技术。
6.在通信子网内部操作范畴中，连接通常叫做(虚电路)，无连接组织结构中的独立分组为(数据报)。
7.分组交换中所有分组在网络传播中有(虚电路)和(数据报)两种方式。
8. OSI参考模型(物理层)的功能是：实现物理上互连系统间的信息传输，涉及通信在信道上传输的原始比特流。
9. OSI参考模型(数据链路层)的功能是：实现相邻节点间的无差错通信。
10. OSI参考模型(网络层)的功能是：解决如何将源端发出的分组经过各种途径送到目的端，完成路由选择和异构网的互联。
11. OSI参考模型(传输层)的功能是：实现从源主机端点到目的主机端点的可靠传输服务。
12. OSI参考模型(应用层)的功能是：为网络使用者提供方便、有效的网络应用环境，它是用户访问网络的接口。
13.信道复用技术有(时分复用)、(频分复用)和(波分复用)。
14.面向连接的服务分为(建立连接)、(数据传输)和(拆除链接)三个过程。
15.根据信息传输方向和时间关系，其三种通信方式是：(单工)、(半双工)和(全双工)。
（串行）16.基本的网络拓扑结构有(星型)、(环型)、(树型)以及(总线型)、(混合型)等五种。
17.按照网络的规模和距离，计算机网络可分为(局域网)、(城域网)和(广域网)。
18.根据香农公式可以知道要想提高数据的传输速率，就必须增加信道的(带宽)，或者提高信道的(信噪比)。
19.计算机网络基本的组成结构可以分成三个部分，分别是(通信子网)、(网络高层)和(网上应用)。
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网络小题练习题：1. In TCP, the acknowledgement number that a host puts in a segment（段）is the sequence（序列，顺序）number of the next byte（字节）the host is expecting from the sender.2. There are two fundamental （基（根）本的）approaches （接近，通往的方法）to moving data through a network of links and switches（交换机）:circuit switching（线路交换） and packet switching（包交换）.有两种基本途径移动数据通过网络的链接和开关:电路交换和分封交换3. Switch（交换机）is usually used to separate（分开，隔开）collisiondomains（碰撞域，冲突域）.开关通常是用来分离冲突域4. The length of an IPv6 address is 128 bits.IPv6的长度的地址是一个128位。
5. Generally, there are two types of network routing（路由选择）algorithms（算法）: distance vector（距离矢量路由协议） and Link State（链路状态路由协议）.一般来说,有两种类型的网络路由算法:距离向量和链路状态6. The network portion（部分，一部分） of an IP address is the same for all the hosts on the same IP network.网络部分(部分,一部分)的一个IP地址是同为所有的主机在同一IP网络7. Compared with Stop-and-Wait（停止等待协议）, which is a non-pipelined reliable data transfer protocol(协议), two pipeline-based reliable data transfer approaches are go-back-n （倒退N协议）and Selective Repeat (SR)（选择重传）.Stop-and-Wait相比,这是一个可靠的数据传送协议爆炸,两pipeline-based可靠的数据传输方法和选择性go-back-n重复(SR)。
8. Two parties often use public-key encryption（数据加密） to agree on ashared one-time symmetric session key.双方同意经常使用公钥加密在分享一次性对称的会话密钥。
9. 10BaseT Ethernet（以太网） use twisted pair（双绞线） copper（铜）as physical media.10 BaseT使用铜绞线以太网物理媒体10. With a datagram（数据报）network layer, each packet carries theaddress of the destination host（目的主机）.与一个相应的网络层,每个包携带目的地主机的地址。
11. In a Link-State routing（路由选择） algorithm（算法）, each node（节点）has a map of the entire network and determines the shortest path from itself to all other nodes in the network.链路状态路由算法中,每个节点有一个地图,它决定了整个网络最短路径从自身所有其他节点的网络。
12. Typically, a wireless（无线的） network with "infrastructure" includesbase stations（基点）.通常情况下,一个无线网络基站的“基础设施”包括13. With non-pipelined persistent mode between the browser（浏览器）and the Web server（服务器）, it is possible for the browser to send two distinct（不同的） HTTP request messages over one TCP connection.持续的模式和爆炸在浏览器和服务器之间,它可能两种截然不同的浏览器发送HTTP请求一个TCP 连接信息。
14. We usually refer to transport layer packets as segments, refer to linklayer packets as frame（一次定格）.我们通常指的是传输层段包,请参阅链路层数据包的帧。
15. There are three general categories of shared media multiple（多重的）access protocols: Channel Partition, random access and Taking Turns.有三个一般类共享介质多址接入协议:通道分离、随机存取和轮流等。
16. The MAC protocol （协议）in 802.11 wireless network is CSMA/CA,and here “CA” stands for collision avoidance（避免碰撞）.AC协议在802.11无线网络CSMA / CA,这里的“CA”代表避碰。
17. For TCP connections with congestion（拥塞）window(CongWin) ofsize W , timeout （超时）triggers（触发器） an another slow-start（慢启动）phase, resulting in Threshold (ssthresh) set to W/2 and CongWin set to 1.TCP连接拥塞窗口(CongWin)大小的W,暂停slow-start触发另一个阶段,导致阈值ssthresh)设置为W / 2和CongWin设置为118. If a Web server has established 5 TCP connections with differentbrowsers（浏览器）, it uses a total of 6 TCP socket(s)（套接字，插口）.如果一个网络服务器建立TCP连接5不同的浏览器,它使用了一个共有六TCP插座(年代)。
19. host-to-host（主机到主机） communication the following functions doesnetwork layer .host-to-host沟通以下功能并网路层20. OSI 7-layer network model is not used by the Internet.七层的OSI网络模型不被互联网21. Hub（集线器） can’t be used to separate collision domains.（冲突域）集线器能不被用来分离冲突域。
22. A UDP socket（套接字，插座，插口）is identified by a 2-tuple: sourceport and source IP address..一个UDP插座经一个2-tuple:源端口和源IP地址。
23. NAT technology could help to save public IP address resource.NAT技术有助于节省公共IP地址资源。
24. the default（默认值）mask（掩码）for class C in CIDR（无类别域间路由） notation？默认的面具在丙级在CIDR符号吗?25. well-known port of SMTP？2526. “Sequence number” is not the field in a typical IP header ？“序列号”不是场在一个典型的IP报头吗?27. we can use SSL to provide transport layer security .我们可以使用SSL提供传输层安全。
28. CSMA/CD is most likely to introduce conflicts（冲突） .CSMA / CD是最有可能引进的冲突29. The protocol stacks implemented at the switch typically consists of 2layers.在协议栈的实现开关典型地由两层。
30. Two important reasons that the Internet is organized as a hierarchy ofnetworks（层次网络） for the purposes of routing（路由选择） are ？两个重要原因,互联网是由一系列的网络路由的目的是什么?31. What is the last address of a block of classless addresses if one of theaddresses is 12.2.2.127/28?什么是最后一次演讲一块阶级地址的如果有一个12.2.2.127/28地址吗?32. The 802.11 protocol does not implement collision detection because…？802.11协议并不实现碰撞检测,因为…?33. In order to show current network connections in your system, youshould use command ？（实验一）为了展示当前网络连接在您的系统,你应该使用命令呢?34. In Selective Repeat ARQ, if packets 0~4 are sent, but only packet 1 isacknowledged, when packet 0 and 2 timeout（超时，暂时休息）simultaneously（同时）, how many packet(s) should be retransmitted？在选择性重复ARQ,如果包0 ~ 4是送去,但是只有包1被确认,当包0和2暂停同时,多少包(s)应被重传?35.Given the following lines from a Java program segment:Socket connectionSocket;ServerSocket listenSocket = new ServerSocket(7890);Which code could be used to establish an incoming connection with a requesting host?给下列线路从java程序:插座connectionSocket;ServerSocket listenSocket =新ServerSocket(7890);哪些代码可以被用来建立一个进料连接在一个请求主人?。