How to write summary
研究生英语考试文章总结summary writing如何写
In
the article,the writer argues that there are synergies between gender equity, poverty alleviation and environmental sustainability.
- Show the relationships among these ideas.
- Omit specifics, such as illustrations, descriptions, and detailed explanations. - Indicate the author’s purpose in writing: to inform, to persuade, or to entertain. If the passage is a persuasive piece, report the author’s bias or position on the issue.
In
the process of urbanization, many women are left behind to take care of everything single-handedly. Those who migrate to cities face new challenges as well, like economic exploitation and meanly living conditions. Disasters are more likely to strike poor women harder who live in poor-quality houses and disaster-prone areas. To make things worse,they are ill-informed and do not react as quickly as they should in an emergency due to the social restrictions on women about "propriety".
大学英语,How to Write a Summary
How to Write a Summary
• Requirements: • 1. Use third person and write in present
tense. • 2. A good summary’s length for an article
of 1000 word might be 200- 250 words. • 3. Present the author’s point of view, not
How to Write a Summary
• 5. Divide the essay or story into sections and write one-or-two-sentence summaries of each section. Eliminate specific examples, facts, illustrations and other supporting evidence.
• First and last few paragraphs. In the first few paragraphs, the author may introduce you to the subject and state the purpose of the article. In the last few paragraphs, the writer may present conclusions or a summary.
article is about. Think about the title and how it may condense the meaning of the article.
How to Write a Summary
summary 怎样写英文摘要
How to write a summary1 Definition By summary, we mean a brief restatement, inyour own words, of the content of a passage,an article, a chapter or a book2 key pointsof a summary:A summary should be brief, complete,accurate coherent and objective.Brief:omit unnecessary details like examples, explanations and other unimportant information.complete:to include all the main and supporting points delivered in your own words in a condensed manner.accurate:to give the same attention and stress to the points as the author does.coherent:rather than an outline listed as key words and phrases,a summary is a paragraph with necessary transitions and function structures to make it flow.e.g.: first, in the first part, in the introductory partsecond, next, in the second partthen, afterwards, after that, in addition to that, also, furthermore ,finally,at last, in the end,as a conclusion, on the whole, in a word, to sum up, last but not least, as a result, soobjective:Do not include your own ideas or emotions on the topic. The summary should reflect the content of the original passage only.3 Steps to writea summary1 skim thetext to find out the general theme2 analyse the text’s structure to divide it into several sections, find out the main idea of each sectionandwriteit out briefly with your own words. (one sentence)3 write down the key supporting points for each main idea without involving minor details.4 organize the main and related supporting points in a logical order with necessary transitions to achieve coherence.5 proofread for grammatical, spelling and punctuation mistakes.At the beginning of a summary, we usually elicit the author’s name and the name of the chapter/ article.。
How-to-Write-Summary-如何写英语总结
How to write in your own words
Some tips for writing in your own words: e the synonyms(同义词) 2.Change the sentence structure(结构) 3.Change the voice(语态) of the sentence
points) in a short period of time.
任务一：概括短文要点
常见错误
应对策略
1. 无 法 抓 住 a.仔细阅读全文； 短文要点 b.找出关键词（句）;
2. 无法摆脱 c.理清关键词（句）间的关系 原文句子 d.借助关键词，用自己的语言
恰当地概括要点。
Summary
概括短文要点: a. 仔细阅读全文； b. 找出关键词（句）; c. 理清关键词（句）间的关系； d. 借助关键词，用自己的语言恰当 地概括要点。
What is a summary?
A summary is a shortened version of the original. The main purpose of such a simplification is to highlight the major points from the original subject, e.g. a text, a film or an event. The target is to help the audience get the gist (main
6. The passage mainly introduces that…(说明文)
Things to keep in mind
• Don’t panic. Believe in yourself! • Keep major conclusions and leave
英语议论文summary
高二英语专题训练（3）---How to Write a Summary（3）（议论文的概括写作）一、写作方法：主题概括法/段意合并法议论文通常包括论点、论据和结论，因此写议论文概要主要是找出主题句、支撑句和结论句。
论点+论据（+结论）二、解题示例：【Example-1】阅读下面短文，然后以约30个词概括短文的要点：Let children learn to judge their own work. A child learning to talk does not learn by being corrected all the time. If corrected too much, he will stop talking. He notices a thousand times a day the difference between his language and others’ language. Bit by bit, he makes the right changes to make his language like other people’s. In the same way, children learn to do all the other things. They learn to talk, run, climb, ride a bicycle by comparing their own behaviors with those of more skilled people, and slowly make the needed changes. But in school teachers never give a child a chance to find out his mistakes for himself, even fewer chances for him to correct himself. They do it all for him. Teachers act as if the student would never notice a mistake if they did not point out it to him. They act as if the student would never correct it unless he was made to. Soon he becomes dependent on the teacher. Let the student do it himself. Let him work out, with the help of other children if he wants it, what this word means and what the answer is to that problem.论点：Let children learn to judge their own work.论据：（1）A child learning to talk does not learn by being corrected all the time.（2）In the same way, children learn to do all the other things.（3）But in school teachers never give a child a chance to find out his mistakes for himself.结论：Let the student do it himself.Summary :The author argues that it is necessary for children to learn to judge their own work, for they can learn by comparing their behaviors with other more skilled people’s. Teachers shouldn’t always correct mistakes for their students. (37 words)【Example-2】Scientists find that hard-working people live longer than average men and women. Career women are healthier than housewives. Evidence shows that the jobless are in poorer health than the job-holders. A study shows that whenever the employment rate increases by 1%, the death rate increase correspondingly by 2%. All this comes down to one point: work is helpful to health.Why is work good for health? It is because work keeps people busy, away from loneliness. Researches show that people feel unhappy, worried and lonely when they have nothing to do. Instead, the happiest are those who are busy. Work serves as abridge between man and reality. By work, people come into contact with each other. By collective activities, they find friendship and warmth. This is helpful to health. The loss of work means the loss of everything. It affects man spiritually and makes him likely to disease.Besides, work gives one a sense of fulfillment and a sense of achievement. Work makes one feel his value and status in society. When a writer finishes his writing or teacher sees his students grow, they are happy beyond words.论点：论据：（1）（2）结论：Summary :_____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________三、强华训练（Practice）: 以约30个词概括以下短文的大意。
高二英语作文：How to Write A Summary
高二英语作文：How to Write A Summary（最新版）编制人：__________________审核人：__________________审批人：__________________编制学校：__________________编制时间：____年____月____日序言作文(composition)是经过人的思想考虑和语言组织，通过文字来表达一个主题意义的记叙方法。
作文分为小学作文，中学作文，大学作文(论文)。
作文体裁包括：记叙文、说明文、应用文、议论文。
作文并不神秘，要想写好一篇文章，首先要多看，多想，勤于观察，积累素材。
只有细致的观察生活，积累素材才是写好作文的基础。
首先要明确你要写的主题，认真的审题，列出大纲，不要只注意题目中要求的字有多少，要多注意题目的本身，要多读多想，准确的用好词语和修饰语。
这是审题的关键，要确立好主题的依据，要精心的选材，布局列题，有的材料，还要分析整理。
这就要对材料进行分类，比较，概括，筛选。
我们不要象盖房子那样的把所有的材料都堆砌起来，要合理恰当的组合，具体的说开头和结尾要略写，那么经过就要仔细的推敲，修辞，润色，写好以后不要急于交稿，反复检查认真的修改。
古人说：书读百遍，其义自见。
熟读唐诗三百首，不会作诗也会吟。
这些都说明一个道理，只要你多看书，多读书对你的写作文有一定的好处。
只要你明白这样的一个道理，作文就是要你把生活中喜，怒，哀，乐用文字经过加工，修饰。
整理，也就是我们说的作文。
作文内容How to write a summary1、the author tells us the importance of self-learning for children. not only should the teacher help the students to correct their mistakes, but also they should depend themselves to correct their own mistakes.2、this passage discusses the importance of self-learning for children. students should have the chance to correct their own mistakes, learn-by-doing and learn from each other, not just the teacher.3、the article gives the view that teachers should let students correct their mistakes by themselves. students are able to correct their own mistakes and teachers’ frequent correction will make children unable to judge their own work.4、some people think students’ mistakes should be corrected by themselves and it is wrong for the teachers to do it for them too often in school. it will make the children dependent on the teachers.the author (the passage) discussed the benefit of extracurricular activities including being a way toimprove students’ health, widen their social circle and introduce them to new ideas and people.reviews the most important points of the text. it should be brief (short). furthermore, the summary should be written as much as possible in your own words. it contains only the main ideas and what the author talks about the topic but not include much explanation or examples.。
浙江新高考作文概要写作summarywriting
Recently, a wild fish restaurant was ordered to shut down in Harbin, northeast China's Heilongjiang Province. As a result, the owner of the restaurant faced a fine of 500,000 yuan.
2. Chen Yan complained he was being overcharged and were
beaten and threatened by the restaurant staff. Chen’s complaint
immediately spread on China’s social media.
received 3. The restaurant got its due punishment and relevant government
departments would also be investigated and punished.
tagged the price, which raised doubt among netizens again.
Further investigation showed that one type of the fish served, Huso, was not the real wild species, but a kind of farmed fish at a much lower price. Since the prices of the fish did have violated the rights of consumers, the restaurant got its due punishment. Meanwhile, relevant government departments that have stood by the side of the restaurant in the first place would also be investigated and punished.
how to write a summary(如何写概要)
Explore the Chinese writing system:
People in modern times can read the Connect the past classic works which were written by and the present Chinese in ancient times.
Third, it connects languages and art. The Chinese writing system is not only a tool but also a form of art. In other words ,it has become an important part of Chinese culture.
The Chinese characters are still an important part of Chinese culture.
The history of the Chinese writing system
At the beginning, Written Chinese was a picture-based language. By the Shang Dynasty ( around 1600-1046 BCE ), Symbols carved on longgu had become a well-developed writing system.
It is difficult to say when exactly calligraphy started. Chinese writing was first done by carving symbols onto bones and shells, but as it developed into a writing system , it also developed as a form of art done with a brush.
how to write a good summary(记叙文)
Why What
•
Some years ago, leaving the farm to work in the city, three brothers were employed by the same company and on the same pay. But three years later, they received different wages. So their father was confused and decided to pay a visit to the boss, who told him that he would let his sons explain for themselves. • The three brothers were asked by the supervisor to go to the airport to get a cargo inventory at different times. Jim, who received 500 dollars a months, got the information on the
Different attitudes lead to different results.
Summary 1:
• Three brothers, who worked for the same company , received different wages due to their different attitudes towards their work, which shows right attitude is of great help to one’s life. (30 words)
英语作文 How to write a summary
Let’s share opinions on summary writing: 1.May we mainly use the sentences in the original passage? 2.May we mainly use our own words? 3.May we write it in the first person or the third person?
Example 2 Getting up early has been regarded as a good habit since ancient times. Many years ago, people thought that if we went to bed early and get up early, we would be energetic the whole day. So, getting up early is of great importance to us all. In fact, morning is the best time of a day. In the morning, the air is the freshest and people are usually in the best conditions. 1Many of us may have the experiences that we memorize some things more quickly and accurately in the morning than any other time of the day. 2If we do some morning exercise or only take a short walk in the morning, we can build our bodies and become much healthier. 3Also we will have enough time to make a plan and get ready for our work or study of the day if we get up early. However, if we get up late, we will probably have to do everything in a great hurry. Let us remember getting up early is a good habit and try our best to keep it. If we stick to getting up early every day, we will certainly benefit a lot from it. Key points: Main idea: __________________________________________ Supporting ideas: 1. Conclusion: 2. 3.
高考英语写作summary(记叙文概括)
Then we would go to the Xinghai Concert Hall for a
concert given by a group of famous young singers. And the
most exciting thing, of course, was the birthday presents.
felt angry and upset because his parents forgot to celebrate his birthday with him
How
When where
understood his parents after talking with his grandmother
How To Write a Summary
(记叙文概括)
高三备考资料
A
1
What is a summary?
Summary is a short passage giving the main points of an original article.
What should we pay attention to when
on his last birthday
A
9
A possible version:
The author described what happened on his last birthday. He felt disappointed because his parents couldn’t have the celebration with him. But he came to understand them after talking to his grandmother.
英语作文-(summary)1
03
Skills of Summary Writing
Skill1: Omit (省略) the details,只保留主要观点。
Skill 2 Use general (概括性)words instead of specific(具体的) words
EX: In the following six hours, I caught over 10 fish. I caught some fish. 1). He likes swimming, running, playing football, basketball and so on. He likes sports. 2). She bought a few copies of China Daily, English Weekly and People Daily. She bought some newspapers.
Skill2: Omit the examples阅读材料本身是由几个 Skill3: Use general(概括性) words instead of specific(具体的) words Skill4: Put the main points of a dialogue in indirect speech (间接引语，第三人称) Skill5：Use the shortest possible transitions (but, then, thus, yet, for)
Mary is a beautiful girl who always smiles to
概要的写法(How to write a summary)
概要的写法（How to write a summary）Like outlining, summarizing unfamiliar or difficult information is an excellent way to learn from your reading and remember what you have read. Summarizing a reading gives you its essence(精髓). When you summarize a text, you handle the ideas and information not as the author did, but in your own way, in your own words.Writinga good summary is a test of intelligence and persistence, difficult but extraordinarily satisfying. When you finish a coherent (连贯的)summary, you know that you have mastered new material, reduced （简化）it to its essentials, and made it your own. Since summarizing is time-consuming and challenging, you should reserve it for material that is unusually hard to understand, perhaps material on which you will be tested or material about which you must write convincingly. Here is a plan which will help you summarize:1.Read and reread the material, annotating（注释）as you go. At this stage you are trying tobecome thoroughly familiar with the material.2.Identify the main ideas, either by making a scratch （简单的）outline or by underlining themain ideas.3.Write a summary that includes only the main ideas, not illustrations or examples orquotations, and make sure that it is coherent and reads smoothly.4.Although your summary will rely on key terms and concepts in the material, it must bestated entirely in your own words.There is no exact formula about how long a summary should be in relation to the original. Some readings are dense with new concepts, while others intersperse concepts with quotations, charts and tables, and illustrations. A summary should be long enough to present the main ideas coherently.Summary of Unit 3, Text A Public Attitude towards ScienceIn this text, Stephen Hawking convinced us that though some people assume that life in the past might be simpler or more enjoyable, as a matter of fact, modern science and technology bring us tremendous conveniences which have greatly improved the quality of our lives. Hawking further pointed out that even if some people want to go back to an early age, it is impossible to put the clock back. Because the development of human society, the force of competition and human initiative and inquiry won’t let it do.Since we accept the fact that one cannot stop the advances of science and technology, we should make sure that they develop in the right direction. We should let the general public to make the judgment about the direction, instead of just putting them in the hands of a few experts or politicians. Therefore, it is important to let the general public to have a basic knowledge of science.School is the best place to pass the scientific knowledge. However, in school, knowledge is usually taught in a rote and dull method, without relating it to the real world.And knowledge is renewing very quickly, so there might be other ways to pass down the knowledge. Hawking thinks television is the best way to popularize the scientific knowledge to every single citizen. And only the general public have the basic understand of science,canour civilization survive.。
summary写作技巧
第4页，共11页。
2.1.怎么写summary
Summary书写步骤
阅读
写作
修改成文
第5页，共11页。
✓ 认真阅读给定的原文材料
阅 ✓ 给摘要起一个标题 读 ✓ 对重要部分的主要观点进行概括
✓ 简要地记下主要观点——主题、标题、细节等你 认为对概括摘要重要的东西
summary writing是一种控制性的作文形式，它能使学生通过 阅读原文，吸收原文的文章结构与语言方面的长处，写出内容一 致、结构近似、语言简洁的短文。另外，对培养学生善于抓住文 章重点的能力也有很大帮助，有利于他们在实际写作中避免面面 俱到，事无巨细，一一罗列的不良倾向。这种写作既要准确理解 原文，又要能综合概括；既能培养欣赏能力，又能训练书面表达 能力。因此，用英文写摘要，对学习英语写作的学生来说，不失
论 文 里 的 summary 是
指对该论文的概括，可以 先提出你在这片论文中要 表达的观点。然后可以写 你在文章各个部分要表达 的分论点。最后总结一、 两 句 话 。 一 般 summary 只
有一段。放在文章的最开始
第3页，共11页。
二、怎么写summary
How to write summary?
3
注意段落的连贯和句子的衔接。要用适当的转折词语贯通全文，切忌只简单地写出
一些互不相干的句子
4
尽可能用自己的话来写，但不排斥用原文的某些词句
5
计算词数，看是否符合规定的词数要求
第10页，共11页。
第11页，共11页。
1
包括5个或更多的例子，你只需从中筛选一至二个例子。
把长段的描述变成短小、简单的句子。如果材料中描述某人
how to write a summary
To Write a SummaryAt some point in a situation, you may be asked to write a summary of a book, an article or the like. A summary is to reduce material in an original work and give a brief restatement to its main points and the key supporting details. When write a summary, you should not paraphrase, interpret or comment. What you have to do is to give the gist of the original one’s exact and essential meaning.When you write a summary, you can bring quite lot skills such as reading, analyzing and writing. For improving reading comprehension, you need to read the original to gain the essence of the meaning, which of course, is a big help to improve your reading ability. On the other, writing a summary is helpful to composition writing, for it will train you to express your thought exactly, clearly, concisely, and logically. Of course, summary writing haspractical value to you, for it can train your ability to grasp quickly and accurately what you read, even hear and watch.Then the question is How to Write a Summary?Generally speaking, to finish the writing of a summary, you may have the following three steps.Step One: Reading.To write a good summary, the first step is to thoroughly read and understand the material which you are working with.Step Two: SelectingDuring the reading, you should highlight important information and take notes, that is, write down the main points of each section, write down the key support points for the main topic, but ignore the minor details.Step Three: WritingGoing through the process of Step One and Step Two, then you can begin to do the summary writing.In writing a summary, on the one hand, you should pay attention to the following three questions:(1) What is the theme of the passage, or the book or the others?(2) What are the main ideas?(3) How are the main ideas arranged?On the other, you should obey the following four main requirements:(1) The summary should cover the original asa whole;(2) The language should be presented in a neutral fashion;(3) The summary should be a condensed version;(4) The summary should not include the writer’s own comments or evaluations.For example, please read the following essay then write a summary.There is an enemy beneath our feet—an enemy the more deadly for its complete impartiality. It recognizes no national boundaries, no political parties. Everyone in the world is threatened by it. The enemy is the earth itself. When an earthquake strikes, the world trembles. The power of a quake is greater than anything human beings themselves can produce. But today scientists are directing a great deal of their effort into finding some way of combating earthquakes, and it is possible that sometime in the near future, people will have discovered a means of protecting themselves.An earthquake strikes without warning.When it does, its power is immense. If it strikes a modern city, the damage it causes is as great as if it has struck a primitivevillage. Gas mains burst, explosions are caused and fires are started. Underground railways are wrecked. Whole building collapse, bridges fall, dams burst. Gaping crevices appear in busy streets. If the quake strikes at sea, huge tidal waves sweep inland. If it strikes in mountain regions, avalanches roar down into the valley.Consider the terrifying statistics from the past. Lisbon, the capital of Portugal, was destroyed entirely and 450 people were killed in 1775. In Peru, fifty thousand people died in an earthquake in 1970. In 1968, an earthquake struck Alaska. As this is relatively unpopulated part, only a few people were killed. But it is likely that this was one of the most powerful quakes ever to have hit the world. Geologists estimate that during the tremors, the whole of the state moved over eighty feet farther west into the Pacific Ocean. Imagine the powerof something that can move an entire subcontinent! This is the problem that faces scientists. They are dealing with forces so immense that human beings can not hope to resist them. All that can be done is to try to pinpoint just where the earthquake will strike and work from here.At least some precautionary measures can then be taken to save lives and some of the property.(342 words)For writing the summary, you are to read the passage through and find its theme. Then think how the theme is developed and take notes. For example, here are the notes you may make.Title: Terror from earthquakesKey points:A. earthquake—the great enemyB. damage done by earthquake—generalC. damage done by earthquake—particular instancesD. tasks for scientistsOutline:A. earthquake—the great enemy1. strike everywhere2. very great powerB. damage done by earthquakes—general1. in a citya. gas mains burstb. explosions and firesc. underground railways wreckedd. buildings collapsee. bridges and dams fall collapsef. crevices on streets2. on the sea—huge tidal waves3. mountain regions—avalanchesC. damage done by earthquakes—particularinstances1. Lisbon—1755a. city destroyedb. 450 killed2. Peru—1970: 50,000 killed3. Alaska—1968a. only a few killedb. entire subcontinent shifted 80 feetinto oceanD. tasks for scientists: difficult to deal withirresistible forces, can only worka. to pinpoint earthquake-prone areasb. to help people take precautionary measuresBased on the notes and the outline, the first draft of the summary may be written as follows.The earth itself becomes our enemy when an earthquake strikes. Every country in the world is threatened by the tremendous fury of earthquakes. Their power exceeds all the forces released by humankind. When a city is hit, buildings fall and explosions and fires are started. Underground railways are wrecked. Gaping crevicesappear on streets. Bridges and dams fall.Huge tidal waves rise on the sea.Avalanches roar down the mountainsides.An earthquake in Lisbon in 1755 destroyed the city and killed 450 persons.In Peru, 50,000 people died in an earthquake in 1970. The subcontinent of Alaska was pushed 80 feet into the sea in 1968. Faced with such tremendous forces, which cannot be resisted, scientists can only pinpoint the earthquake areas and take suitable steps to minimize the harm.(130 words)This first draft is longer than one-third of the original. It will have to be condensed further by omitting more details and by condensing the expression. Here is a second draft.Earthquakes, whose destructive powerexceeds all the forces created byhumankind, threaten every country inthe world. When a city is hit, buildingsfall and explosions and fires are started.Underground railways are wrecked.Wide crevices appear on the street.Bridges and dams fall. Huge tidalwaves rise on the sea and avalanchesroar down the mountainsides. Anearthquake in Lisbon in 1975 destroyedthe city and killed many. In Peru, 50,000 people were killed in 1970. Thesubcontinent of Alaska was pushed 80feet into the sea in 1968. Faced withsuch irresistible forces, scientists canonly pinpoint earthquake areas andtake steps to minimize the harm.(109 words)HomeworkGood MannersManners are important to happy relations among people. Everyone likes aperson with good manners. No one likes a person with bad manners. But what are good manners? How does one know what to do and what not to do?Well, here are some examples.A person with good manners never laughs at people when they are in trouble. Instead, he tries to help them. He is always kind to others. When people are waiting for a bus, he takes his turn. He does not push to the front of the line. On the bus he gives his seat to an older person or a person with a very young child. If he knocks into someone, or gets in his way, he says “Excuse me” or “I’m sorry”.He says “Please”when he asks for something and “Thank you”when he receives something. He stands up when he is speaking to an older person, and he does not sit down until the other person takes his seat. He does not interrupt otherpeople when they are talking. He does not talk too much. He does not talk loudly or laugh loudly in public. When he is eating he does not speak with his mouth full of food. He uses a handkerchief when he sneezes or coughs. He does not spit in public.As a student, it is bad manners to come late to class. If you are late you should make an apology to the teacher either at the time or after class. It is also bad manners to keep silent when the teacher asks you a question. If you do not know the answer, say so immediately. If you do know, answer in a loud enough voice so that all the class may hear. It is polite for the students to help the teacher. Sometimes students can help their teachers to clean the blackboard, to close or open the doors or windows. Sometimes there are papers to collect or to hand out. This kind of help is always appreciated.Ideas of what are good manners are not always the same in different countries. But in all countries it is important to be kind and helpful.(366 words)。
How to write a summary
Exposition(说明文)
中心句(通常在首段) 现象分析型说明文: “现象”；“现象形成原因” ；
1.请找出这篇短文的关键词。
2011年广东高考读写任务： When Sam first got to his boarding school with his parents, he was very happy. He thought he would be able to go home every weekend. When he was told he would not, he started crying because the thought of not seeing his parents was driving him crazy. He was given uniforms and all other things that he would need for the term. He started crying when it was time for his parents to leave. He was then taken to the dorm, where he saw other children happy. He tried as much as he could to fit in but could not because his mind was at home. He started feeling homesick (想家) and wanted to go home as soon as possible. He got sick soon because he could not eat the school food. He could not concentrate in the classroom. All he could think was being at home with his family. He had no mobile phone or other means to get in touch with his parents. He was angry and felt lonely. He thought his parents hated him and that was why they left him in a boarding school.
高考英语写作summary(记叙文概括)
2021/5/27
5
* Read the criteria(评分标准) carefully
* Compare it with your version
* Find out how you can improve your summary
2021/5/27
6
Practice makes perfect!
dinner together in McDonald’s, my favourite restaurant.
Then we would go to the Xinghai Concert Hall for a
concert given by a group of famous young singers. And the
文体：_记__叙__文_______ 时态：__一__般__过__去__时______
人称：_(T__h_e_w__r_it_e_r_/a_u_t_h_o_r_)_H__e
E202x1/5c/2h7 ange your answer with your partner8s
5要素
Who What
The author/writer, he
“Life works the same way. Many times we wonder why it would let us go through such bad and difficult times. But life knows that when it puts these things all in its order, they always work for good!
HowToWritea •Summary
•
how to write a summary
第一步：阅读A．认真阅读给定的原文材料。
如果一遍不能理解，就多读两遍。
阅读次数越多，你对原文的理解就越深刻。
B．给摘要起一个标题。
用那些能概括文章主题思想的单词、短语或短句子作为标题。
也可以采用文中的主题句作为标题。
主题句往往出现在文章的开头或结尾。
一个好标题有助于确定文章的中心思想。
C．现在，就该决定原文中哪些部分重要，哪些部分次重要了。
对重要部分的主要观点进行概括。
D．简要地记下主要观点——主题、标题、细节等你认为对概括摘要重要的东西。
第二步：动手写作A. 摘要应该只有原文的三分之一或四分之一长。
因此首先数一下原文的字数，然后除以三，得到一个数字。
摘要的字数可以少于这个数字，但是千万不能超过这个数字。
B. 摘要应全部用自己的话完成。
不要引用原文的句子。
C. 应该遵循原文的逻辑顺序。
这样你就不必重新组织观点、事实。
D. 摘要必须全面、清晰地表明原文所载的信息，以便你的读者不需翻阅原文就可以完全掌握材料的原意。
E. 写摘要时可以采用下列几种小技巧：1) 删除细节。
只保留主要观点。
2) 选择一至两个例子。
原文中可能包括5个或更多的例子，你只需从中筛选一至二个例子。
3) 把长段的描述变成短小、简单的句子。
如果材料中描述某人或某事用了十个句子，那么你只要把它们变成一两句即可。
4) 避免重复。
在原文中，为了强调某个主题，可能会重复论证说明。
但是这在摘要中是不能使用的。
应该删除那些突出强调的重述句。
5) 压缩长的句子。
如下列两例：“His courage in battle might without exaggeration be called lion-like.”可以概括为：”He was very brave in battle.”“He w as hard up for money and was being pressed by his creditor.”可以概括为：“He was in financial difficulties.”6) 你还可以使用词组代替整句或者从句。
高考英语写作summary(记叙文概括)-2022年学习资料
A possible version:-The author described what happene -on his last birthday.He felt disappointed-because hi parents couldn't have the-celebration with him.But h came to-understand them after talking to his-grandmo her.-Tips:-概括不用第一人称
A possible version:-The story was about alan who wasistakenly given $50 extra by a bank-clerk.He finally eturned it after-consideration.The clerk was impresse -and contacted the newspaper to praise his-honesty.33 words
5要素-Who-The author/writer,he-What-felt angry and upse because his parents-forgot to celebrate his birthday with him-How-understood his parents after-talking wit his grandmother-When-on his last birthday-where
How-To Write-Summary-记叙文概括-高三备考资料
Summary:-What is a summary?-Summary is a short passag giving-the main points of an original article.-What hould we pay attention to when-we write a summary？-文体 主题-记叙文-议论文-人称-说明文-时态
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reports asks insists believes reveals observes maintains
Using transitions in the body
You will have to use transitions and other kinds of language to make your summary flow.
Steps in Writing a Summary
Read the article
Divide the article into sections of ideas. Each section deal with one aspect of the central theme. Label each section with a general phrase that captures the subject matter of the section. Highlight or underline the main points and key phrases.
Omit the details Reduce the examples Simplify the descriptions Eliminate all repetitions Compress wordy sentences and change clauses or sentences to phrases and phrases to words. Use general words instead of specific words Use the shortest possible transitions Avoid figurative language Put the main points of a dialogue in indirect speech
Organize the supporting details
Evaluate supporting details
Cover all of the author’s major supporting ideas. Show the relationships among these ideas. Omit specifics, such as illustrations, descriptions, and detailed explanations. Omit all personal opinions, ideas, and inferences. Let the reader know that you are reporting the author’s ideas.
First the author …………. The author begins by stating that users should………. He then points out that……. In the second part of the article…….. In the final section of the article, the author suggests……………..
LECTURE FOURTEEN
SUMMARY WRITING
SUMMARY WRITING
Definition and characteristics Steps in writing a summary How to write a summary Writing Practice
Formulate the Thesis Statement
Formulate a central theme that weaves the one-sentence section summaries together.
Steps in Writing a Summary
Compress supporting details
What Is Summary?
ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้
A summary is a shortened passage, which retains the essential information of the original. It is a fairly brief restatement --- in your own words --- of the contents of a passage. Note: You simply report back what the writer has said, without making value judgements.
Organize the supporting details
Academic Language Reporting Verbs Other words you can use instead of “says” or “tells” or “talks about”
points out advises asserts implies declares notes suggests finds describes claims contends proposes establishes explains
Main idea
Summary
Points to Remember
Do not write an overly detailed summary: the point is to reduce the work to its essence. Use your own voice. Quote from the material sparingly to illustrate major ideas -- stick to paraphrase for the most part. Do not express an opinion about the source. Neither disagree nor sing its praises
Characteristics of a good summary
Briefness omit unnecessary details like examples, explanations and other unimportant information. (length: 1/4-1/3 of original text) Completeness to include all the main and supporting points delivered in your own words in a condensed manner Coherence rather than an outline listed as key words and phrase, a summary is a paragraph with necessary transitions and function structures to make it flow. Objectivity to contain only the ideas or information of the original. Do not include your own ideas or emotions on the topic.
Writing Practice
Write a summary of about 150-250 words on Unit 4.
1. 2. 3.
e.g. In the feature article "Four Kinds of Reading," the author, Donald Hall, explains his opinion about different types of reading.
Some introductory phrases
Identify the main idea in each part. Paraphrase the main idea Compile sentence paraphrases Rough Summary
Paragraph Main idea
paraphrase
Main idea Main idea
Steps in Writing a Summary
Write One-Sentence summaries
Write a one-sentence summary for each section of thought on a separate sheet of paper.
Steps in Writing a Summary
Beginning a Summary
Begin your summary with
The author’s name The article’s or chapter’s name The author’s thesis statement--a general overview of the article
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
(The author) states in (this article) that... (The author, in (this article) shows that... In (this article), (the author) writes that... As (the author) says in (this article), ... The main idea of (the author's article) is