化合物的英文命名方法大全
完整版化合物英文命名规则
Nomenclature of Inorganic Compounds 无机化合物的命名（Prefix 词头,前缀Suffix 词尾,后缀Stem 词根） 1.Trivial Names 俗名H2O water 不说dihydrogen oxideNH3 ammonia 不说nitrogen trihydrideCaO quicklimeCaCO3 limestone 2.Systematic Nomenclature 系统命名1）Oxide 氧化物——先命名非氧元素ZnOzinc oxideCaO calcium oxideCO carbon oxideNa2O2 sodium peroxideH2O2hydrogen peroxide 注：peroxide 过氧化物2）Hydroxide 氢氧化物（base 碱）Ba（OH）2 barium hydroxideKOH potassium hydroxide3）Acid 酸Hydro acid 氢酸General formula 通式:HnX 命名：hydro- + stem of X + -ic acid H2S hydrosulfuric acid（英） hydrosulphuric（美）氢硫酸S:sulfur（英）、sulphur（美）HBr 氢溴酸hydrobromic acidBr: bromine HCl 氢氯酸（盐酸）hydrochloric acidCl: chlorine HF 氢氟酸hydrofluoric acidF: fluorineOxoacid or Oxyacid 含氧酸General formula 通式：HnXOm 命名：Stem of X + -ic acid 注：oxo- （oxy-）含氧, 氧代H2SO4 sulfuric acid（英） sulphuric acid（美）H2CO3 carbonic acidH3PO4 phosphoric acid P： phosphorus H3BO3 boric acid B： boron HNO3 nitric acid N： nitrogen If X has two oxidation states ：-ic：the higher oxidation state-ous：the lower oxidation stateH2SO4 sulfuric acidH2SO3 sulfurous acid 1/5HNO3 nitric acidHNO2 nitrous acidIf X （such as halogens） has more than two oxidation states ：halogen 卤素per- （过，高） + -ic ：the still higher oxidation state hypo- （次,在,下） + -ous：the still lower oxidation state HClO3 chloric acidHClO2 chlorous acidHClO4 perchloric acidHClO hypochlorous acidHIO hypoiodous acid4）Salt 盐General formula 通式:MnXm 命名：Name of M stem of X + -ide （- ide, 化物）Oxide 、chloride 、nitride 、hydrideKI potassium iodideAl2S3 aluminum sulfideLiH lithium hydrideOxysalt 含氧酸盐Name the metal ion first and then the anion Naming anions:-ate anions derived from the -ic acid（the higher oxidation state of X） -ite anions derived from the -ous acid （the lower oxidation state of X） HNO3 nitric acidNaNO3 sodium nitrateHNO2 nitrous acidNaNO2 sodium nitriteSO42- sulfateSO32- sulfite AgClO4 silver perchlorateNaIO3 sodium iodateKClO2 potassium chlorite KBrO potassium hypobromite MnO42- manganate MnO4- permanganate Acid salt 酸式盐Using “ hydrogen ” to specify NaHSO4 sodium hydrogen sulfate NaH2PO4 sodium dihydrogen phosphate Na2HPO4 disodium hydrogen phosphate P: phosphorus phosphate 磷酸盐（根）Using prefix bi- + name of anion if only one acid salt existsNaHSO4 sodium bisulfateH”NaHSO3 sodium bisulfiteKHCO3 potassium bicarbonate5）Metals （M ）with more than one oxidation state 2/5Two methods: ①后缀法: 早期使用stem of M + -ic the higher oxidation state of M stem of M + -ous the lower oxidation state of M HgI2 mercuric iodideHg2I2 mercurous iodide Hg:mercury Cr2+ chromousCr3+ chromic Cr: chromium注：In most cases, Latin stem is used if the metal has symbol derived from its Latin name.（mercury is an exception）Cu:cuprum （拉丁）,copper （英）Cu+ cuprousCu2+ cupricCuI cuprous iodideCuS cupric sulfide Sn:stannum (拉丁), tin ( 英) SnCl2 stannous chlorideSnO2 stannic oxideFe:ferrum ( 拉丁), iron ( 英)Fe(OH)2 ferrous hydroxideFeBr3 ferric bromide② IUPAC Rule 1957 年开始使用English name of metal(Roman numeral)CuBr copper(I) bromideCuF2 copper(II) fluorideSnO tin(II) oxideSnS2 tin(IV) sulfideFe(NO3)2 iron(II) nitrateFe2(SO4)3 iron(III) sulfateUse Greek prefixes 希腊文前缀Mon (0)—di 二tri 三tetr (a)四pent (a) 五hex (a) 六hepta 七octa 八nona 九1．to specify the number of each atom in the chemical formula.NO2 nitrogen dioxidePCl5 phosphorus pentachlorideCO2 carbon dioxide 2．to specify the number of identical central atoms in condensed acids and their corresponding anions.condensed acid 缩酸H3PO4 (mono)phosphoric acidH4P2O7 diphosphoric acid3/5H2SO4 sulfuric acidH2S3O10 trisulfuric acidCrO42- 铬酸盐(根) chromateCr2O72- 重铬酸盐(根)dichromate3. to indicate extent of substitutionPO43- phosphatePS2O23- dithiophosphate thio-硫代”硫的，含硫的注：The prefixes ortho- and meta- have been used to distinguish acids differing in the “content of water. ”ortho- [ 希腊词头] 正、原(无机酸用)邻(位) (有机化合物命名)meta- [希腊词头] 偏(无机酸用)间(位) (有机化合物命名)ortho-acid 原酸；meta-acid 偏酸H3BO3 orthoboric acid(or boric acid) (原)硼酸(HBO3)n metaboric acid 偏硼酸H4SiO4 orthosilicic acid(or silicic acid) 原硅酸H2SiO3 metasilicic acid 硅酸(习惯上不叫偏硅酸)H3PO4 orthophosphoric acid (or phosphoric acid) (正)磷酸(HPO3)n metaphosphoric acid 偏磷酸。
化合物的英文命名方法大全资料课件
The ligands are named according to their type and coordination number to the metal atom
The coordination number is indicated by a suffix, such as "- yl" for monodentate ligands or "- ate" for biometric ligands
The suffix "- azole" is used for five member rings, "- zine" for six member rings, and "- one" for seven member rings
The name of the heteroatom is included in the name of the compound, and the prefix "hetero -" is used to indicate the presence of a heteroatom
Summary and suggestions
IUPAC Naming Rules
These are the official rules established by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) for Naming organic and inorganic compounds They provide a consistent and standardized system for Naming compounds
完整版化合物英文命名规则
Nomenclature of Inorganic Compounds无机化合物的命名（Prefix词头,前缀Suffix词尾,后缀Stem词根）1.Trivial Names俗名H2O water不说dihydrogen oxideNH3 ammonia不说nitrogen trihydrideCaO quicklimeCaCO3 limestone2.Systematic Nomenclature系统命名1)Oxide氧化物——先命名非氧元素ZnOzinc oxideCaO calcium oxideCO carbon oxideNa2O2 sodium peroxideH2O2hydrogen peroxide 注：peroxide过氧化物2)Hydroxide氢氧化物（base碱）Ba(OH)2 barium hydroxideKOH potassium hydroxide3)Acid酸Hydro acid氢酸General formula通式:HnX 命名：hydro- + stem of X + -ic acid H2S hydrosulfuric acid(英) hydrosulphuric(美) 氢硫酸S:sulfur(英)、sulphur(美) HBr 氢溴酸hydrobromic acidBr: bromine HCl 氢氯酸(盐酸)hydrochloric acidCl: chlorine HF 氢氟酸hydrofluoric acidF: fluorineOxoacid or Oxyacid含氧酸General formula通式:HnXOm 命名：Stem of X + -ic acid 注：oxo-(oxy-) 含氧, 氧代H2SO4 sulfuric acid(英) sulphuric acid(美)H2CO3 carbonic acidH3PO4 phosphoric acid P: phosphorus H3BO3 boric acid B: boron HNO3 nitric acid N: nitrogenIf X has two oxidation states：-ic：the higher oxidation state-ous：the lower oxidation stateH2SO4 sulfuric acidH2SO3 sulfurous acid1/5HNO3 nitric acidHNO2 nitrous acidIf X (such as halogens) has more than two oxidation states：halogen卤素per- (过，高) + -ic：the still higher oxidation statehypo- (次,在?下) + -ous：the still lower oxidation stateHClO3 chloric acidHClO2 chlorous acidHClO4 perchloric acidHClO hypochlorous acidHIO hypoiodous acid4)Salt盐General formula通式:MnXm 命名：Name of M stem of X + -ide（-ide?化物）Oxide、chloride、nitride、hydrideKI potassium iodideAl2S3 aluminum sulfideLiH lithium hydrideOxysalt含氧酸盐Name the metal ion first and then the anionNaming anions:-ate anions derived from the -ic acid(the higher oxidation state of X)-ite anions derived from the -ous acid (the lower oxidation state of X)HNO3 nitric acidNaNO3 sodium nitrateHNO2 nitrous acidNaNO2 sodium nitriteSO42- sulfateSO32- sulfiteAgClO4 silver perchlorateNaIO3 sodium iodateKClO2 potassium chloriteKBrO potassium hypobromiteMnO42- manganateMnO4- permanganateAcid salt 酸式盐Using “hydrogen”to specify “H”NaHSO4 sodium hydrogen sulfateNaH2PO4 sodium dihydrogen phosphateNa2HPO4 disodium hydrogen phosphate P: phosphorus phosphate磷酸盐(根) Using prefix bi- + name of anion if only one acid salt existsNaHSO4 sodium bisulfateNaHSO3 sodium bisulfiteKHCO3 potassium bicarbonate5)Metals（M）with more than one oxidation state2/5Two methods:①后缀法: 早期使用stem of M + -ic the higher oxidation state of Mstem of M + -ous the lower oxidation state of MHgI2 mercuric iodideHg2I2 mercurous iodide Hg:mercury Cr2+ chromousCr3+ chromic Cr: chromium注：In most cases, Latin stem is used if the metal has symbol derived from itsLatin name.(mercury is an exception))英),copper (拉丁Cu:cuprum (Cu+ cuprousCu2+ cupricCuI cuprous iodideCuS cupric sulfideSn:stannum (拉丁), tin (英)SnCl2 stannous chlorideSnO2 stannic oxideFe:ferrum (拉丁), iron (英)Fe(OH)2 ferrous hydroxideFeBr3 ferric bromide②IUPAC Rule 1957年开始使用English name of metal(Roman numeral)CuBr copper(I) bromideCuF2 copper(II) fluorideSnO tin(II) oxideSnS2 tin(IV) sulfideFe(NO3)2 iron(II) nitrateFe2(SO4)3 iron(III) sulfateUse Greek prefixes希腊文前缀Mon（o）一di二tri三tetr（a）四pent（a）五hex（a）六hepta七octa八nona九1．to specify the number of each atom in the chemical formula.NO2 nitrogen dioxidePCl5 phosphorus pentachlorideCO2 carbon dioxide2．to specify the number of identical central atoms in condensed acids and their corresponding anions.condensed acid缩酸H3PO4 (mono)phosphoric acidH4P2O7 diphosphoric acid3/5H2SO4 sulfuric acidH2S3O10 trisulfuric acidCrO42-铬酸盐(根) chromateCr2O72-重铬酸盐(根)dichromate3. to indicate extent of substitutionPO43- phosphatePS2O23- dithiophosphate thio-硫代?,硫的,含硫的注：The prefixes ortho- and meta- have been used to distinguish acids differingin the “content of water.”ortho- [希腊词头] 正、原（无机酸用）邻（位）（有机化合物命名）meta- [希腊词头] 偏（无机酸用）间（位）（有机化合物命名）ortho-acid 原酸；meta-acid 偏酸H3BO3 orthoboric acid(or boric acid)（原）硼酸偏硼酸(HBO3)n metaboric acidH4SiO4 orthosilicic acid(or silicic acid)原硅酸H2SiO3 metasilicic acid 硅酸（习惯上不叫偏硅酸）H3PO4 orthophosphoric acid (or phosphoric acid)（正）磷酸偏磷酸(HPO3)n metaphosphoric acid。
化学专业英语---化合物的命名
NaNH4SO4 Sodium ammonium sulfate
KNaCO3:
potassuim
NaNH4HPO4: sodium ammonium hydrogenphosphate
sodium
carbonate
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5)水合盐：结晶水读做water或hydrate 如 AlCl3∙6H2O: aluminum chloride 6-water来自For example:
Cl- Chloride
Br- Bromide I- Iodide S2- Sulfide
O2- Oxide
OH- Hydroxide CN- Cyanide H- Hydride
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2. Polyatomic oxyanions
(1). Acid radicals for normal salt (正酸根 -ate ) Anion’s name = Central Element’s root -ate
或 Sodium bicarbonate
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(3).Basic salts Basic salt = Cation + hydroxy-anion
for example: Cu2(OH)2CO3 Dicopper(II) dihydroxycarbonate Ca(OH)Cl Calcium hydroxychloride Mg(OH)PO4 Magnesium hydroxyphosphate
ClO- Hypochlorite IO- Hypoiodite PO23- Hypophosphite
13
(4). Acid radicals for persalts (高酸根Per -ate )
(完整版)化合物英文命名规则
Nomenclature of Inorganic Compounds无机化合物的命名（Prefix词头,前缀Suffix词尾,后缀Stem词根）1.Trivial Names俗名H2O water不说dihydrogen oxideNH3 ammonia不说nitrogen trihydrideCaO quicklimeCaCO3 limestone2.Systematic Nomenclature系统命名1)Oxide氧化物——先命名非氧元素ZnOzinc oxideCaO calcium oxideCO carbon oxideNa2O2 sodium peroxideH2O2hydrogen peroxide 注：peroxide过氧化物2)Hydroxide氢氧化物（base碱）Ba(OH)2 barium hydroxideKOH potassium hydroxide3)Acid酸Hydro acid氢酸General formula通式:HnX 命名：hydro- + stem of X + -ic acid H2S hydrosulfuric acid(英) hydrosulphuric(美) 氢硫酸S:sulfur(英)、sulphur(美) HBr 氢溴酸hydrobromic acidBr: bromine HCl 氢氯酸(盐酸)hydrochloric acidCl: chlorine HF 氢氟酸hydrofluoric acidF: fluorineOxoacid or Oxyacid含氧酸General formula通式:HnXOm 命名：Stem of X + -ic acid 注：oxo- (oxy-) 含氧, 氧代H2SO4 sulfuric acid(英) sulphuric acid(美)H2CO3 carbonic acidH3PO4 phosphoric acid P: phosphorus H3BO3 boric acid B: boron HNO3 nitric acid N: nitrogen If X has two oxidation states：-ic：the higher oxidation state-ous：the lower oxidation stateH2SO4 sulfuric acidH2SO3 sulfurous acid1/5HNO3 nitric acidHNO2 nitrous acidIf X (such as halogens) has more than two oxidation states：halogen卤素per- (过，高) + -ic：the still higher oxidation statehypo- (次,在…下) + -ous：the still lower oxidation stateHClO3 chloric acidHClO2 chlorous acidHClO4 perchloric acidHClO hypochlorous acidHIO hypoiodous acid4)Salt盐General formula通式:MnXm 命名：Name of M stem of X + -ide（-ide…化物）Oxide、chloride、nitride、hydrideKI potassium iodideAl2S3 aluminum sulfideLiH lithium hydrideOxysalt含氧酸盐Name the metal ion first and then the anionNaming anions:-ate anions derived from the -ic acid(the higher oxidation state of X)-ite anions derived from the -ous acid (the lower oxidation state of X)HNO3 nitric acidNaNO3 sodium nitrateHNO2 nitrous acidNaNO2 sodium nitriteSO42- sulfateSO32- sulfiteAgClO4 silver perchlorateNaIO3 sodium iodateKClO2 potassium chloriteKBrO potassium hypobromiteMnO42- manganateMnO4- permanganateAcid salt 酸式盐Using “hydrogen” to specify “H”NaHSO4 sodium hydrogen sulfateNaH2PO4 sodium dihydrogen phosphateNa2HPO4 disodium hydrogen phosphate P: phosphorus phosphate磷酸盐(根) Using prefix bi- + name of anion if only one acid salt existsNaHSO4 sodium bisulfateNaHSO3 sodium bisulfiteKHCO3 potassium bicarbonate5)Metals（M）with more than one oxidation state2/5Two methods:①后缀法: 早期使用stem of M + -ic the higher oxidation state of Mstem of M + -ous the lower oxidation state of MHgI2 mercuric iodideHg2I2 mercurous iodide Hg:mercury Cr2+ chromousCr3+ chromic Cr: chromium注：In most cases, Latin stem is used if the metal has symbol derived from itsLatin name.(mercury is an exception)Cu:cuprum (拉丁),copper (英)Cu+ cuprousCu2+ cupricCuI cuprous iodideCuS cupric sulfideSn:stannum (拉丁), tin (英)SnCl2 stannous chlorideSnO2 stannic oxideFe:ferrum (拉丁), iron (英)Fe(OH)2 ferrous hydroxideFeBr3 ferric bromide②IUPAC Rule 1957年开始使用English name of metal(Roman numeral)CuBr copper(I) bromideCuF2 copper(II) fluorideSnO tin(II) oxideSnS2 tin(IV) sulfideFe(NO3)2 iron(II) nitrateFe2(SO4)3 iron(III) sulfateUse Greek prefixes希腊文前缀Mon（o）一di二tri三tetr（a）四pent（a）五hex（a）六hepta七octa八nona九1．to specify the number of each atom in the chemical formula.NO2 nitrogen dioxidePCl5 phosphorus pentachlorideCO2 carbon dioxide2．to specify the number of identical central atoms in condensed acids and their corresponding anions.condensed acid缩酸H3PO4 (mono)phosphoric acidH4P2O7 diphosphoric acid3/5H2SO4 sulfuric acidH2S3O10 trisulfuric acidCrO42- 铬酸盐(根) chromateCr2O72- 重铬酸盐(根)dichromate3. to indicate extent of substitutionPO43- phosphatePS2O23- dithiophosphate thio-硫代…,硫的,含硫的注：The prefixes ortho- and meta- have been used to distinguish acids differingin the “content of water.”ortho- [希腊词头] 正、原（无机酸用）邻（位）（有机化合物命名）meta- [希腊词头] 偏（无机酸用）间（位）（有机化合物命名）ortho-acid 原酸；meta-acid 偏酸H3BO3 orthoboric acid(or boric acid)（原）硼酸(HBO3)n metaboric acid偏硼酸H4SiO4 orthosilicic acid(or silicic acid)原硅酸H2SiO3 metasilicic acid 硅酸（习惯上不叫偏硅酸）H3PO4 orthophosphoric acid (or phosphoric acid)（正）磷酸(HPO3)n metaphosphoric acid 偏磷酸。
化学中化合物的英文命名
Mn2+ Manganese(II)
8
对于有变价的金属元素，除了可用前缀来表示以外，更 多采用 罗马数字来表示金属的氧化态，或用后缀-ous表示低价，-ic 表示高价。
如
FeO: iron(II) oxide 或 ferrous oxide
Fe2O3: iron (III) oxide或ferric oxide
For example:
Cl- Chloride
Br- Bromide I- Iodide S= Sulfide
O= Oxide
OH- Hydroxide CN- Cyanide H- Hydride
10
2. Polyatomic oxyanions
(1). Acid radicals for normal salt (正酸根 -ate )
Anion’s name = Per-central Element’s root -ate
for example:
ClO4IO4MnO4-
Perchlorate Periodate Permanganate
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Naming compounds
1. Metal oxide
Metal oxide = Cation + oxide
Anion’s name = Central Element’s root ate
for example:
ClO3- Chlorate PO43- Phosphate SO42- Sulfate
IO3- Iodate NO3- Nitrate CO32- Carbonate
11
(2). Acid radicals for meta-salts (亚酸根 -ite )
化学专业英语---化合物的命名
24
5. Acids
(1). Per-, hydro-,normal acid (its salt-ate,-ide)
Acid = Central element’s root -ic + acid
举例： PH3: phosphine或phosphane SbH3: stibine或stibane CH4: methane B2H6: diborane
AsH3: arsine或arsane BiH3: bismuthane SiH4: silane
17
无氧酸
命名规则：hydro-词根-ic acid 举例： HCl: hydrochloric acid H2S : hydrosulfuric acid
VIA
VIIA
0
He Helium
O Oxygen
F Fluorine
Ne Neon
S Sulfur
Cl Chlorine
Ar Argon
Se Selenium Br Bromine
Kr Krypton
Te Tellurium
I Iodine
Xe Xenon
Po Polonium At Astatine
7
2.Multivalence ions
Cation’s name = Element(N)
For example:
Fe2+ Iron(II)
or Ferrous
Fe3+ Iron(III)
or Ferric
无机物有机物英文命名法
词缀:-ide: 一般构成化合物-yl: 构成有机烷基-ate: 构成特定酸的盐或酯mono-或mon-: 含有一个原子、基或原子团的di-: 含有两个原子、基或原子团的tri-: 含有三个原子、基或原子团的tetra-或tetr-: 含有四个原子、基或原子团的penta-或pent-: 含有五个原子、基或原子团的hexa-或hex-: 含有六个原子、基或原子团的hepta-或hept-: 含有七个原子、基或原子团的-ide举例oxide: 氧化物aluminum oxide: 氧化铝monoxide: 一氧化物carbon monoxide: 一氧化碳dioxide: 二氧化物carbon dioxide: 二氧化碳trioxide: 三氧化物arsenic trioxide: 砒霜tetroxide: 四氧化物osmium tetroxide: 四氧化锇pentoxide: 五氧化物phosphorus pentoxide: 五氧化二磷hexoxide: 六氧化物chlorine hexoxide: 六氧化二氯heptoxide: 七氧化物manganese heptoxide: 七氧化二锰hydroxide: 氢氧化物aluminium hydroxide: 氢氧化铝carbide: 碳化物-ate举例silicate: 硅酸盐carbonate: 碳酸盐/酯calcium carbonate: 碳酸钙sulfate: 硫酸盐acetate: 乙酸酯triacetate: 三乙酸酯胺类: 甲酰胺: formamide 丙酰胺: propionamid有机原子团命名1、羧基(-COOH): carboxyl拆分理解: carb表C、ox表氧、yl表“基”2、羟基(-OH): hydroxyl3、氨基(-NH2): amino 定义: -NH24、胺基化合物: -amine 定义: 不单独说“胺基”，胺基化合物是氨分子中的氢原子部分或全部被烃基代替后的化合物统称为胺。
化合物的英文命名
非金属氢化物
除了水和氨气使用俗称water，ammonia以外，其它的非金属氢化物 都用系统名称，命名规则根据化学式的写法不同而有所不同。 （1）对于卤族和氧族氢化物，Ｈ在化学式中写在前面，因此将其看成与 另一元素的二元化合物。 举例： HF hydrogen fluoride HCl hydrogen chloride HBr hydrogen bromide HI hydrogen iodide H2S hydrogen sulfide H2Se hydrogen selenide H2Te hydrogen telluride （2）对于其它族的非金属氢化物，Ｈ在化学式中写在后面，可加后缀ane，氮族还可加-ine 举例： PH3: phosphine或phosphane AsH3: arsine或arsane SbH3: stibine或stibane BiH3: bismuthane CH4: methane SiH4: silane B2H6: diborane
3
P-block Element
IIIA B Boron Al Aluminium Ga Gallium In Indium Tl Thallium
VIA O S Se Te Po Oxygen Sulfur Selenium Tellurium Polonium
IV A C Carbon Si Silicon Ge Germanium Sn Tin Pb Lead
NaH2PO4 NaHCO3
Disodium hydrogen phosphate
Sodium dihydrogen phosphate
Ca(HSO4)2 Calcium bisulfate
Sodium hydrogencarbonate 或 Sodium bicarbonate
化合物的英文命名方法大全
1. Monatomic anions
Anion’s name = Element’s root -ide
For example:
Cl- Chloride
Br- Bromide I- Iodide S= Sulfide
O= Oxide
OH- Hydroxide CN- Cyanide H- Hydride
Cation’s name = Element
for example: Na+ Sodium K+ Potassium
Al3+ Aluminum Ca2+ Calcium
A
7
2.Multivalence ions
Cation’s name = Element(N)
For example:Fe2+ I Nhomakorabeaon(II)
IO2- Iodite NO2- Nitrite
A
12
(3). Acid radicals for hypo-salts (次酸根 ite )
Anion’s name = Hypo- Central element’s root -ite
for example:
ClO- Hypochlorite IO- Hypoiodite PO23- Hypophosphite
Monocrystalline Dioxide Triagonal tetragonal pyramid Pentagonal hexagonal
A
6
Naming metal ions (cations) for metal oxides, bases and salts
1. Single valence ions
化合物的英文专业命名-有机部分
C C C C
2.2 烯炔的命名
烃类分子中同时含有双键和叁键时成为烯炔，命 名时烯在前炔在后，双键的编号写在前面，叁键的 定位号写在表示炔烃词尾之前。例如：
HC C
C H
CH CH CH2
1,3-Hexadien-5-yne 3-Penten-1-yne
23
CH3 CH
CH
C
CH
Unsaturated hydrocarbon with both double and triple bonds
Alkenyne = Number prefix-en-yne Two ene + one yne -adien-?-yne Three ene+ one yne -atrien-?-yne One ene + two yne -ene-?-diyne
for example:
C C C C C C C C C C C 3-Penten-1-yne 1,3-Hexadien-5-yne
12
Univalent branched radicals
Radical = n-Alk-yl+Alk -yl
for example: 4
3 2 1
C C C C
C C C C C
3-Methylbutyl
2-Methylpropyl
C C C C C C C C C
sec-Butyl
tert-Butyl
16
复杂的烷烃命名时须注意分子中有两个等长碳链时，按 以下原则进行比较：
1）带支链数目较多者为主链，例如：
2,3,5-Trimethyl-4-propylheptane 2）支链定位号较小者为主链
化合物的英文命名方法大全
Disodium hydrogen phosphate
Sodium dihydrogen phosphate
Ca(HSO4)2 Calcium bisulfate
Sodium hydrogencarbonate 或 Sodium bicarbonate
21
(3).Basic salts Basic salt = Cation + hydroxy-anion for example:
Cation’s name = Element for example: Na+ Sodium K+ Potassium Al3+ Aluminum Ca2+ Calcium
7
2.Multivalence ions
Cation’s name = Element(N)
For example:
Fe2+ Fe3+ Cr2+ Cr3+ Mn4+ Mn2+ Iron(II) or Ferrous Iron(III) or Ferric Chromium(II) Chromium(III) Manganese(IV) Manganese(II)
VIIA F Cl Br I At Fluorine Chlorine Bromine Iodine Astatine
VA N Nitrogen P Phosphorus As Arsenic Sb Antimony Bi Bismuth
0 He Helium Ne Neon Ar Argon Kr Krypton Xe Xenon Rn Radon
24
5. Acids
(1). Per-, hydro-,normal acid (its salt-ate,-ide) Acid = Central element’s root -ic + acid for example:
有机化合物英文命名法
有机化合物英文命名法
有机化合物英文命名法主要分为以下几种：
1. 烷基命名法：对于链状和支链状化合物，以主链为基础，用烷基来修饰分支部分。
2. 双键位置编号法：对于双键存在的化合物，以主链为基础，通过给双键编号来表示双键的位置。
3. 双键立体异构体命名法：对于含有双键的不对称化合物，根据E、Z规则来区分双键两侧基团的位置关系。
4. 羟基官能团命名法：对于含有羟基（-OH）的化合物，以主链为基础，通过在名称中加入“ol”来表示羟基的存在。
5. 醛、酮官能团命名法：对于含有醛（-CHO）或酮（-CO-)官能团的化合物，以主链为基础，在名称中加入相应的前缀或后缀来表示其存在。
6. 氨基官能团命名法：对于含有氨基（-NH2）的化合物，以主链为基础，在名称中加入“amine”来表示氨基的存在。
以上是常见的有机化合物英文命名法，需要根据具体情况选择适当的命名方法。
化合物的英文命名方法大全资料课件
To build a solid foundation for learners to further explore the naming rules of various compounds and to develop their own naming styles
The importance of naming conventions
A comprehensive information courseware on the Engl
• Introduction • Basic rules • Naming methods for
common types of compounds
• Naming methods for common types of compounds
01 02 03
Principles of English Naming
IUPAC rules
Naming conventions
Tail change rule
Special situation handling
If a compound has multiple functional groups or subscribers, it may require special handling to ensure that the name accurately reflects its structure
To assist learners in mastering the rules and principles of English compound naming, and to promote effective communication and cooperation in the fields of science, technology, and industry
有机化合物英文系统命名法
CH3CHClCH2CH(CH3)CH2CH3 , 4-甲基-2-氯己烷 (2-chloro-4-methylhexane)
CH3CH=CHCH(CH2CH3)CH2CH2Cl 4-乙基-6-氯-2-己烯 6-chloro-4-ethyl-2-hexene Br
• 正丙基 CH3CH2CH2- n-propyl (n-Pr-) • 异丙基 CH3CH(CH3)- i-propyl (i-Pr-) • 正丁基 CH3CH2CH2CH2- n-butyl (n-Bu) • 异丁基 CH3CH(CH3)CH2- i-butyl (i-Bu) • 仲丁基 CH3CH2CH(CH3)- s-butyl (s-Bu) • 叔丁基 CH3C(CH3)2- t-butyl (t-Bu) • 新戊基 CH3CH2C(CH3)2- neopentyl
CH3
1 2
3
4
CH3
6
5
H3C(H2C)3
CH2CH3
12
CH2CH2CH3
3
4
1，3，5-三甲苯 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene
1-乙基-2-丙基-5-丁基苯 5-butyl-1-ethyl-2-propylbenzene
七．卤代烃命名(alkyl halide)
• 系统命名法以相应烃为母体，把卤原子作为取代基。命名 旳基本原则，措施与一般烃类旳相同 (字母顺序)。
4. 酸酐 –COOCO-
由相应旳酸加“酐”字构成，英文把相应酸旳acid换为anhydride
CH3CH2 C CH CH3
有机化学英文命名大全
系统命名是以骨架名称加上主要官能团的 词尾，再在前面加上取代基的字头和定位号。
如：
CH3CCH2CH2CH2OH O
5-羟基-2-戊酮 5-hydroxy-2-pentanone
1)卤化物（Halogenide，Halide）的命名： 在相应的烃的名称前 + “卤代”
fluoro- 氟代（fluorine 氟） chloro- 氯代（chlorine 氯） bromo- 溴代（bromine溴） iodo- 碘代（iodine 碘）
1-甲基-2-（3-甲基丁基） 环己烷 1-methyl-2-(3-methylbutyl) cyclohexane
2）芳香烃（Aromatic Hydrocarbons）: 以苯（benzene）作为母体，其它作为取代基。
如：
CH3
H3C
CH3
1,3,5-三甲苯 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene
苯胺
当苯环上有两个或多个取代基时，苯环上的编号应符合最低原则。而当应
用最低系列原则无法确定那一种编号优先时，与烷烃的情况一样，中文命名时 应让顺序规则中较小的基团位次尽可能小，英文命名时，应按英文字母顺序， 让字母排在前面的基团位次尽可能小。例如：
6 5
4
H3C
CH2CH2CH3
1
2 CH2CH3
烯烃（alkene ）命名： 数字头 + -ene
（以a结尾的数字头去a加-ene .）
多烯的命名: 二烯类：数字头 + -diene 三烯类：数字头 + -triene
例: 乙烯: ethene; 丁烯: butene; 丁二烯: butadiene; 丁三烯: butatriene
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9
Naming nonmetal ions (anions)
1. Monatomic anions
Anion’s name = Element’s root ide
For example:
Cl- Chloride
Br- Bromide Hydroxide
I-
Iodide
Cyanide
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O= OH-
Fe : iron Mn : manganese Cu: copper Zn: zinc Hg: mercury Ag: silver Au: gold
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5
2 化合物的命名
化合物的命名顺序都是根据化学式从左往右读， 这与中文读法顺序是相反的。表示原子个数时使用 前缀 (1)mono-,(2)di -,(3)tri- ,(4)tetra – ,(5)penta- (6)hexa-,(7)hepta-, (8)octa,(9)nona-,(10)deca-,但是在不会引起歧义时，这些 前缀都尽可能被省去。
VIA
VIIA
0
He Helium
O Oxygen
F Fluorine
Ne Neon
S Sulfur
Cl Chlorine
Ar Argon
Se Selenium
Br Bromine
Kr
Krypton
Te Tellurium
I Iodin精e品课件
Xe
4
Xenon
Common Transition Elememt
化合物的英文命名
Nomenclature of compounds
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1
一 无机物的命名 (Inorganic compounds)
1 元素与单质的命名
“元素”和“单质”的英文意思都是“element”， 有 时 为 了 区 别 ， 在 强 调 “ 单 质 ” 时 可 用 “ free element”。因此，单质的英文名称与元素的英文 名称是一样的。下面给出的既是元素的名称，同时 又是单质的名称。
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2
S-block Element
IA H Hydrogen Li Lithium Na Sodium K Potassium Rb Rubidium Cs Cesium Fr Francium
IIA
Be Beryllium Mg Magnesium Ca Calcium Sr Strontium Ba Barium Ra Radium
Cation’s name = Element
for example:
Na+ Aluminum
K+ Calcium
Sodium
Potassium
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Al3+
Ca2+
7
2.Multivalence ions
Cation’s name = Element(N)
For example:
Fe2+ Fe3+ Cr2+ Cr3+ Mn4+ Mn2+
如 FeO: iron(II) oxide 或 ferrous oxide Fe2O3: iron (III) oxide或ferric oxide Cu2O: copper(I) oxide 或cuprous oxide CuO: copper(II) oxide或cupric oxide
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Oxide
CN10
2. Polyatomic oxyanions
(1). Acid radicals for normal salt (正酸根 -
ate )
Anion’s name = Central Element’s
root -ate
for example:
ClO3- Chlorate
IO3-
IO- Hypoiodite
PO23- Hypophosphite
精品课件
13
(4). Acid radicals for persalts (高酸根Per ate )
Anion’s name = Per-central Element’s root -ate
for example:
ClO4IO4MnO4-
Iron(II)
or
Iron(III)
or
Chromium(II)
Chromium(III)
Manganese(IV)
Manganese(II)
Ferrous Ferric
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8
对于有变价的金属元素，除了可用前缀来表示以外，更 多采用 罗马数字来表示金属的氧化态，或用后缀-ous表示低价，-ic表 示高价。
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3
P-block Element
IIIA
IV A
B Boron
C Carbon
Al Aluminium Si Silicon
Ga Gallium Ge Germanium
In Indium
Sn Tin
Tl Thallium Pb Lead
VA N Nitrogen P Phosphorus As Arsenic Sb Antimony Bi Bismuth
Monocrystalline Dioxide Triagonal tetragonal pyramid Pentagonal hexagonal
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6
Naming metal ions (cations) for metal oxides, bases and salts
1. Single valence ions
IO2- Iodite NO2- Nitrite
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(3). Acid radicals for hypo-salts (次酸 根 -ite )
Anion’s name = Hypo- Central element’s root -ite
for example:
ClO- Hypochlorite
PO43Nitrate
Phosphate
SO 2-
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Sulfate
Iodate NO3-
11
CO 2-
(2). Acid radicals for meta-salts (亚酸根 ite )
Anion’s name = Central element’s root -
ite
for example: ClO2- Chlorite PO33- Phosphite SO32- Sulfite
Perchlorate Periodate Permanganate
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14
Naming compounds
1. Metal oxide
Metal oxide = Cation + oxide