《欧洲文化入门》试卷

欧洲入门文化试题及答案

欧洲文化入门Exercise31．第1题Mary's pregnancy to Joseph, her husband, was ___.A.a scandalB.a luckC.incredibleD.unfortunate您的答案：A题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.02．第2题It was ____who unified England for the first time.A.King Edward and his successorsB.King Arthur and his successorsC. King William and his successorsD.King Alfred and his successors您的答案：D题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.03．第3题According to the New Testament, the central message of Jesus was__.A.the kingdom of GodB.the human personsC.the Holy SpiritD.God您的答案：A题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.04．第4题The religious ministry of Jesus was followed by his 12 apostles for ___.A.12 is a lucky numberB.they were the only apostles Jesus hadC.they were the only apostles Jesus could selectD.Israel was made up of 12 tribes您的答案：D题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.05．第5题Greek mythology relates the development of the order of the universe to_____ .A.PandoraB.ZeusC.ChaosD.Cronus您的答案：C题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.06．第6题Which is not true about the heroes in Greek mythology?A.They represented a kind of bridge between gods and mortalsB.They never dieC.They got gods' favorD.They had some defect to balance out their power您的答案：B题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.07．第7题William Tyndale translated the Old Testament in the 16 century from ___.A.the Latin textB.the Greek textC.the Hebrew textD.the French text您的答案：C题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.08．第8题1066 marked the__.A.defeat of the VikingsB.Norman Conquer of EnglandC.death of William ID.death of Alfred the Great您的答案：B题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.09．第9题Which of the following is Not true about monasteries?A.They were self-sufficient unitsB.Monks in the monastery slept in the same dormitoryC.Monks did not have to work in the fields at allD.All monks lived according to a rule that governed their daily routine您的答案：C题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.010．第10题Overgrowth of population in Europe in the Late Middle Ages caused __.A.the shortage of cultivated landB.the shortage of food supplyC.the new methods of agricultureD.the disastrous change of climate您的答案：B题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.011．第11题Herod was the king who was___.A.happy to learn the birth of JesusB.jealous of JesusC.ready to help JesusD.ill then您的答案：B题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.012．第12题The images of gods in Greek mythology impress us as _________.A.beings with human emotions who lived above usB.beings with human emotions who lived among usC.dominating figures with super-physical powersD.dominating figures with super-natural influence您的答案：C题目分数：2.0此题得分：0.013．第13题Myths____.A.are all religiousB.all explain the interaction of divine and human worldsC.explain the origin of man and natureD.are all ture您的答案：C题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.014．第14题Odysseus___ returned to his faithful wife after the ten-year Trojan War.A.was a Greek prince whoB.was a Trojan prince whoC.was a Greek hero whoD.was a Trojan hero who您的答案：C题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.015．第15题In the Renaissance, the ancient myths___.A.served as sources of inspiration for artistic creationB.enjoyed new colorsC.were more poeticD.became more imaginative您的答案：A题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.016．第16题According to Greek mythology, Paris,___, which resulted in the Trojan war.A.son of King of Troy, abducted Helen, a Greek beautyB.King of Troy, abducted Helen, a Greek beautyC.son of Greek king, abducted Helen, a Trojan beautyD.King of Greek, abducted Helen, a Trojan beauty您的答案：A题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.017．第17题By a complex process of violence, struggle, and sexual attraction,__built up the power.A.PandoraB.ZeusC.ChaosD.Cronus您的答案：B题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.018．第18题The Greeks modeled relationships between ___.A.men and women on those between immortalsB.men on those between godsC.man and nature on those between godsD.gods on those between mortals您的答案：D题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.019．第19题The 19th-century interpretation of myths became more___.A.geographicalB.historicalC.scientificD.practical您的答案：C题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.020．第20题The original language of the New Testament was used ___.A.as a proper vehicle for the Christian faithB.as a means of worshipC.in the church onlyD.in homes and marketplaces您的答案：D题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.021．第21题Which of the following about Jesus is Not true according to the Gospels?A.His death testified God's relentless loveB.His actions showed God's powerC.He was the presence of God in the worldD.His words revealed God's way for his people您的答案：C题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.022．第22题Jews in the cities were__.A.converted to ChristianityB.converted to IslamC.admired by ChristiansD.persecuted by Christians您的答案：D题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.023．第23题According to Greek mythology ___, which goes well with the idea of Daoism in China.A.something can be produced from nothingB.ancient Greece was a matriarchal societymunal marriage was prevalent in Ancient GreeceD.farming was the mode of production in Ancient Greece您的答案：A题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.024．第24题The King James version of the Bible __.A.started in the 15 centurypleted in the 15 centuryC.started in the 16 centurypleted in the 17 century您的答案：D题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.025．第25题The Romans began to represent their gods in human form ___.A.before the 6th century BCB.before coming into contact with Greek cultureC.after conquering GreeceD.after coming into contact with foreign culture题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.026．第26题In the Age of Enlightenment, there was emphasis on____.A.new religionsB.rationalityC.allegorical interpretation of mythsD.the study of myths您的答案：B题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.027．第27题In the Middle Ages, the ancient myths___.A.predominatedB.were dominantC.were interpreted allegoricallyD.were even more popular您的答案：C题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.028．第28题Which of the following is not shared by Eve in Bible and Pandora in Greek myths?A.Being the first womanB.Being curiousC.Being put at the root of all evilD.Being turned from immortal to mortal您的答案：D此题得分：2.029．第29题30．第30题Greek mythology influenced Western culture in the following aspects except_.A.literatureB.architectureC.musicD.art您的答案：B题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.031．第31题Which of the following is not true about the Greek culture?A.A city-state devoted itself to a particular godB.A god's characteristics may vary from one city to anotherC.The Greeks honored the city's gods every dayD.Temples were built in honor of gods您的答案：C题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.032．第32题Early Romans regarded their gods as__.A.personsB.powers as well as personsC.powersD.powerful persons题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.033．第33题Mythology has exerted a great influence on the arts in___.A.all parts of the worldC.the AmericasD.Africa您的答案：A题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.034．第34题The Greeks’ sense of gods is shared by __.A.the RomansB.the JewsC.the ChristiansD.the Muslims您的答案：A题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.035．第35题___ is not included in Greek mythology as one of the three principal types of figures.A.the godsB.the devilsC.the mortalsD.the heroes您的答案：B此题得分：2.036．第36题The early Christians were against ___.A.Greek cultureB.Roman cultureC.Hebrew culureD.pagan culture您的答案：D题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.037．第37题The early Hebrews___.A.concentrated on the role of a supreme godB.believed in only one godC.worshipped all the divine charactersD.followed the practice of the Greeks您的答案：A题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.038．第38题Which is not true in the following about the Titans?A.They were the Children of ZeusB.They were strong and largeC.They personified natureD.Cronus was among them您的答案：A题目分数：2.039．第39题Roman writers like Virgil and Ovid were famous as they ___.A.lived about three centuries before Christ was bornB.created an inspiring Greco-Roman mythologyC.introduced the names of Greek gods into Roman cultureD.introduced the functions of Greek gods into Roman culture您的答案：B题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.040．第40题In the search for the Golden Fleece to regain his throne, Jason ____.A.fought against the magic goddessB.married the daughter of the rulerC.fought against a dragon that never sleptD.fell in love with the daughter of the ruler您的答案：C题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.041．第41题The continuity of the New Testament with the Old is best shown in ___.A.its teaching about GodB.its teaching about JesusC.its instruction by ChristD. its claim of Jesus as a unique revelation of God您的答案：A题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.042．第42题Which of the following is Not true about Christianity in the 3rd century?A.Christianity reached EnglandB.The Bible remained in LatinC.The Bible was in the hands of the church;D.The Bible in English began to spread in England您的答案：D题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.043．第43题William Tyndale translated the New Testament in the 16 century from ___.A.the Latin textB.the Greek textC.the Hebrew textD.the French text您的答案：B题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.044．第44题Jews in the cities were good at__.A.doing businessB.borrowing moneyC.craftsmanshipD.farming您的答案：A题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.045．第45题The chief point of Gregorian reform was to ___.A.end the power of emperorsB.make the church completely independent from the emperorsC.force the priests to remain single throughout lifeD.allow the priests to marry您的答案：B题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.046．第46题___ were regarded as heretics in the Middle Ages.A.Those who believed in GodB.Those who did not believe in ChristianityC.Jews onlyD.Muslims only您的答案：B题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.047．第47题Which of the following is Not included in the major themes of the Old Testament?A.the moral lawsB.the human personsC.the Holy SpiritD.God您的答案：C题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.048．第48题Which of the following is Not included in the major themes of the New Testament?A.the kingdom of GodB.the human personsC.the Holy SpiritD.God您的答案：B题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.049．第49题The Spanish monarchy was __.A.set up by the ChristiansB.overcome by the MuslimsC.set up by the MuslimsD.overcome by the Jews您的答案：A题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.050．第50题The First Crusade was important because __.A.it conquered the land of the MuslimsB.the Pope rescued the Byzantine EmpireC.it was the first example of European expansionismD.the Byzantine Empire defeated the Muslims finally您的答案：C题目分数：2.0。

《欧洲文化入门》练习及参考答案

欧洲文化入门各章练习及答案第一章填空题：1. The richness of European Culture was created by ________element and _________element. Greco-Roman Judeo-Christian2. The Homer’s epics consisted of_________. Iliad and Odyssey3. ________ is the first writer of “problem plays”. Euripides4. __________ is called “Father of History”. Herodotus5. ________is the greatest historian that ever lived. Thucydides6. The dividing range in the Roman history refers to ________. 27 B.C.7. “I came, I saw, I conquered.” is a famous saying by _______. Julius Caesar8. The representation form of Greek Democracy is __________. citizen-assembly.判断题1. Euclid says “Give me a place to stand, and I will move the world”. (×) Archimedes2. Herodotus’s historical writing is on the war between Anthens and Sparta. (×) Greeks and Persians名词解释：1. Pax Romana答：In the Roman history ,there came two hundred years of peaceful time, which was guaranteed by the Roman legions, it was known as Pax Romana2. “Democracy” in ancient Greece答： 1）Democracy means “exercise of power by the whole people”, but in Greece by “the whole people” the Greeks mea nt only the adult male citizens.2） Women, children, foreigners and slaves were excluded from Democracy.论述题：1. How did the Greek Culture originate and develop?1) Probably around 1200 B.C., a war was fought between Greece and troy. This is the war that Homer refers to in his epics.2) Greek culture reached a high point of development in the 5th century B.C.A. The successful repulse of the Persian invasion early in the 5th century.B. The establishment of democracy.C. The flourishing of science, philosophy, literature, art and historical writingin Athens.3)The 5th century closed with civil war between Athens and Sparta.4) In the second half of the 4th century B.C., Greece was conquered by Alexander, king of Macedon. Whenever he wentand conquered, whenever Greek culture was found.5) Melting between Greek culture and Roman culture in 146 B.C., the Romans conquered Greece.2. What is the great significance of Greek Culture on the later-on cultural development?答： There has been an enduring excitement about classical Greek culturein Europe and elsewhere Rediscovery of Greek culture played a vital part in the Renaissance in Italy and other European countries.1) Spirit of innovationThe Greek people invented mathematics and science and philosophy; They first wrote history as opposed to mere annals; They speculated freely about the nature of the world and the ends of life, without being bound in the fettersofany inherited orthodoxy.2) Supreme AchievementThe Greeks achieved supreme achievements in nearly all fields of human endeavour: Philosophy, science, epic poetry, comedy, historical writing, architecture, etc.3) Lasting effectA. Countless writers have quoted, borrowed from and otherwise used Homer’s epics, the tragedies of Aeschylus and Sophocles and Euripides, Aristophanes’s comedies, Plato’s Dialogues,ect.B. In the early part of the 19th century, in England alone, three young Romantic poets expressed their admiration of Greek culture in works which have themselves become classics: Byron’s Isles of Greece, Shelley’s Hellas and Prometheus Unbound and Keats’s Ode on a Grecian Urn.C. In the 20th century, there are Homeric parallels in the Iri shman James Joyce’s modernist masterpiece Ulysses.3. What is the similarity and difference between Greek culture and Roman culture? 答：1) similarities:A. Both peoples had traditions rooted in the idea of the citizen-assembly.B. Their religions were alike enough for most of their deities to be readily identified, and their myths to be fused.C. Their languages worked in similar ways, both being members of the Indo-European language family.2) differences:A. The Romans built up a vast empire; the Greeks didn’t, except for the brief moment of Alexander’s conquests, which soon disintegrated.B. The Romans were confident in their own organizational power, their military and administrative capabilities.4. What is the Rome historical background?答：1) The history of Rome divided into two periods: Before the year 27 B.C., Rome had been a republic; from the year 27 B.C., Octavius took supreme power as emperor with the title of Augustus and Roman Empire began.2) Two centuries later, the Roman Empire reached its climax, marked by land a rea’s extension: Encircling the Mediterranean.3) Strong military power: the famous Roman legions.4) In the Roman history ,there came two hundred years of peaceful time, which was guaranteed by the Roman legions,it was known as Pax Romana.5) Another important contribution made by the Romans to European culture was Roman Law.6) The empire began to decline in the 3rd century.A. In the 4th century the emperor Constantine moved the capital from Rome to Byzantium.Renamed it Constantinople (modern Istanbul).B. After 395, the empire was divided into East (The Byzantine Empire) and WestC. In 476 the last emperor of the West was deposed by Goths and this marked the end of the West Roman Empire.D. The East Roman Empire collapsed when Constantinople fell to the Turks in 1453.第二章填空题：1. ___________is by far the most influential in the West. Christianity2. The Hebrews history was recorded in _________of the Bible. the Old Testament3. The New Testament is about _________. the doctrine of Jesus Christ4. The story abo ut God’s flooding to the human being and only good-virtue being saved was recorded in Genesis,Pentateuch, the Old Testament, the Bible, which was known as _________. Noah’s Ark.5. The Birth of Jesus was recorded in ________. Matthew6. The story about Jesus being pinned in the cross to death was known as _________. The Last Supper.7. The first English version of whole Bible was translated from the Latin Vulgate in 1382 and was copied out by handby the early group of reformers led by _________. John Wycliff.名词解释:1. The Old TestamentThe Bible was divided into two sections: the Old Testament and the New Testament. The Old Testament is about God and the Laws of God. The word “Testament” means “agreement”, the agreement between God and Man.2. PentateuchThe Old Testament consists of 39 books, the oldest and most important of which are the first five books, called Pentateuch. Pentateuch contains five books: Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, Deuteronomy.3. GenesisGenesis is one of the five books in Pentateuch, it tells about a religious account of the origin of the Hebrews people, including the origin of the world and of man, the career of Issac and the life of Jacob and his son Joseph.4. ExodusExodus is one of the five books in Pentateuch, it tells about a religious history of the Hebrews during their flight from Egypt, the period when they began to receive God’s Law. Joshua brought the people safely back toCanaan.5. The Book of DanielThe Book of Daniel belongs to The Old Testament of the Bible. It tells about the Hebrews being carried away into Babylon.论述简答题：1. What are the beliefs of Christianity?答： Christianity based itself on two forceful beliefs which separate it from all other religions.1）One is that Jesus Christ is the Son of God, and that God sent him to earth to live as humans live, suffer as humans suffer, and die to redeem mankind.2）The other is that God gave his only begotten son , so that whosoever believes in him should not perish, but have everlasting life.2. What are the different translation editions of the Bible?答：1)The oldest extant Greek translation of the Old Testament is known as the Septuagint. And it is still in use in the Greek Church today. But it only translated the Old Testament.2) The most ancient extant Latin version of the whole Bible is the Vulgate edition,which was done in 385-405 A.D. By St. Jerome in common people’s language. It became the official Bible of the Roman Catholic Church throughout the world.3) The first English version of whole Bible was translated from the Latin Vulgate in 1382 and was copied out by hand by the early group of reformers led by John Wycliff.4) After John Wycliff’s version, appeared William Tyndale’s version. It was based on the original Hebrew and Greek sources.5) The Great Bible ordered by Henry Ⅷ in 1539 t o be placed in all the English churches was in part founded on Tyndale’s work.6) The most important and influential of English Bible is the “Authorized” or “King James” version, first published in 1611. It was produced by 54 biblical scholars at the command of King James. With its simple, majestic Anglo-Saxon tongue, it is known as the greatest book in the English languages.7) The Revised Version appeared in 1885, and the standard American edition of the Revised Version in 1901.8) The Good News Bible and the New English Bible.3. What is the great significance of the translations of the bible?答：1) It is generally accepted that the English Bible and Shakespeare are two great reservoirs of Modern English.2) Miltion’s Paradise Lost, Bunyan’s Pilgrim’s Progress, Byron’s Cain, up to the contemporary Hemingway’s The Sun Also Rises, and Steinbeck’s East of Eden. They are not influenced without the effect of the Bible.第三章填空题：1. In _______ a Germanic (日耳曼) general killed the last Roman emperor and took control of the government. 4762. After 1054, the church was divided into _________ and _______. the Roman Catholic Church and the Eastern Orthodox Church.3. _______ is the one who translated into Latin both Old and New Testament from the Hebrew and Greek originals. St. Jerome4. ______introduced French and Italy writing the English native alliterative verse.5. Both ___________are the best representative of the middle English. Chaucer and The Canterbury Tales6. _________ paved the way for the development of what is the present-day European culture. the Middel Ages名词解释1. the Middle agesIn European history, the thousand-year period following the fall of the Western Roman Empire in the fifth century is called the Middle Ages. The middle ages is so called because it came between ancient times and modern times. To be specific, from the 5th century to 15th century.2. FeudalismFeudalism in Europe was mainly a system of land holding— a system of holding land in exchange for military service. The word “feudalism” was derived from the Latin “feudum”, a grant of land.3. The ManorThe centre of medieval life under feudalism was the manor. Manors were founded on the fiefs of the lords. By the twelfth century manor houses were made of stone and designed as fortresses. They came to be called castles.4. Carolingian RenaissanceCarolingian Renaissance is derived from Charlemagne’s name in Latin, Carolus. The most interesting facet of this rather minor renaissance is the spectacle of Frankish or Germanic state reaching out to assimilate the riches of the Roman Classical and the Christianized Hebraic culture.5. Gothic1) The Gothic style started in France and quickly spread through all parts of Western Europe.2) It lasted from the mid-12th to the end of 15th century and, in some areas, into the 16th. More churches were built in this manner than in any other style in history.3) The Gothic was an outgrowth of the Romanesque.论述简答题：1. Why is the middle ages is called Age of Faith？答：1) During the Medieval times there was no central government to keep the order. The only organization that seemed to unite Europe was the Christian church.2) The Christian church continued to gain widespread power and influence.3) In the Late middle ages, almost everyone in western Europe wasa Christian and a member of the Christian Church. Christianity took the lead in politics, law, art, and learningfor hundreds of years.4) It shaped people’s lives. That is why the middle ages is also called the “Age of Faith”.2. What is the great significance of the Crusades?答：1) The crusades brought the East into closer contact with the West.And they greatly influenced the history of Europe.2) During the wars while many of the feudal lords went to fight in Palestine, kings at home found opportunities to strengthen themselves. Thus among other things, Crusades helped to break down feudalism, which, in turn led to the rise of the monarchies.3) Besides, through their contact with the more cultured Byzantines and Moslems, the western Europeans changed many of their old ideas. Their desire for wealth or power began to overshadow their religious ideals.4) The Crusades also resulted in renewing people’s interest in learning and invention. By the 13th century, universities had spread all over Europe. Such knowledge as Arabic numerals, algebra , and Arab medicine were introduced to the West.5) As trade increased, village and towns began to grow into cities. And the rise of towns and trade in western Europe paved the way of the growth of strong national governments.3. How did learning and science develop in the Middle Ages?答：1) Charlemagne and Carolingian Renaissance:A. He was crowned “Emperor of the Romans” by the pope in 800.B. Carolingian Renaissance is derived from Charlemagne’s name in Latin, Carolus. The most interesting facet of this rather minor renaissance is the spectacle of Frankish or Germanic state reaching out to assimilate the riches of the Roman Classical and the Christianized Hebraic culture.2) Alfred the Great and Wessex Centre of Learning:A. He promoted translations into the vernacular from Latin works.B. He also inspired the compilation of the Anglo-Saxon Chronicles.3) St. Thomas Aquinas and Scholasticism:4) Roger Bacon and Experimental Science:A. Roger Bacon, a monk, was one of the earliest advocates of scientific research.B. He called for careful observation and experimentation. His main work was the Opus maius.4. How did literature develop in the middle ages?答：1) The epic was the product of the Heroic Age. It was an important and mostly used form in ancient literature.“National epic” refers to the epic written in vernacular languages—that is, the languages of various national states that came into being in the Middle Ages. Literary works were no longer all written in Latin. It was the starting point of a gradual transition of European literature from Latin culture to a culture that was thecombination of a variety of national characteristics. Both Beowulf and song of Roland were the representative works of the National Epics.2) Dante Alighieri and The Divine Comedy:A. His masterpiece, The Divine Comedy, is one of the landmarks of world literature.B. The poem expresses humanistic ideas which foreshadowed the spirit of Renaissance.C. Dante wrote his masterpiece in Italian rather than in Latin.3) Geoffery Chaucer and The Canterbury Tales:A. The Canterbury Tales were his most popular work.B. Most of the tales are written in verse which reflects Chaucer’s innovation by introducing into the native alliterativeverse the French and Italian styles.C. Chaucer is thus to be , regarded as the first short story teller and the first modern poet in English literature.D. Chaucer and the Canterbury Tales were representative of the Middle ages.5. What is the difference between the vernacular language used in the National epics and the vernacular language used by Mark twain?答：1) The epic was the product of the Heroic Age. It was an important and mostly used form in ancient literature.“National epic” refers to the epic written in vernacular languages—that is, the languages of various national states that came into being in the Middle Ages. Literary works were no longer all written in Latin. It was the starting point of a gradual transition of European literature from Latin culture to a culture that was the combination of a variety of national characteristics. Both Beowulf and song of Roland were the representative works of the National Epics.2) The vernacular language used by Mark twain refers to both local and colloq language used in the Mississippi area, with a strong characteristic of that region. Mark twain used vernacular language not only in dialogue, but also in narration.3) His representative works Life on the Mississippi.6. What were the power and influence of the Roman Catholic church in the Medieval times?1) With a highly centralized and disciplined international organization from priests to Pope, the Roman Catholic Church seemed to be the only unity across the western Europe of the Medieval times. It developed a civilization based on Christianity and helped to preserve and pass on the heritage of the classical cultures by the official language of Latin.2) with the Pope as the supreme head of all the Christian Churches of the western Europe, the Catholic (meaning universal) church received heavy taxes from lay people and various supports from nobles and kings. Church could remove any opponents political rights or even emperors, with the powerful symbol of the Inquisition, the Church court to punish heresy.3) The Medieval Church was the center of the Europeans’ daily life and almost everyone became a member of theChurch. People turned to the Church for comfort and spiritual guidance; the Church also was the center of holy communion, recreation, trade and communal activity.4) Clergy then was the only literate class, so kings and nobles used them to implement important secular governmental duties.5) The Church took the lead in politics, law, art, and learning throughout the “Age of Faith”. For example, Romanesque and Gothic arts were predominantly religious; in learning, it influenced greatly the western thinking with the monks’ work on copying and translating ancient books, the Church Fathers’ philosophy, Monasticism, Scholasticism and Experimental science.6) originally for regaining the holy city of Jerusalem, the Church launched 200-year Crusades, which helped to bread down feudalism and enhanced the cultural contact between the West and the East.第四章填空题：1. Renaissance started in ________ and ________ with the flowering of paintings, sculpture and architecture. Florence and Venice.2. In Renaissance literature of Italy, _______ was the representative poet. Petrarch3. At the heart of the Renaissance philosophy was the assertion of _________. the greatness of man.4. The idea of the greatness of man is reflected in __________ literature. Shakespeare’s5. The national religion established after reformation in England was called _______. The church of England or The Anglican Church.6. It was under the reign of _______ that reformation was successful in England. Henry Ⅷ.7. Montaigne was a French humanist known for his _______. “Essais”(Essays).8. The representative novelist of Renaissance in Spain was __________ with his famous work_______, which marked European culture entry into a new stage. Cervantes DonQuixote9. The Venus of Urbino is ___________ works. Titian10. _______ translated the whole Bible with the vernacular language. Martin Luther 名词解释:1. RenaissanceGenerally speaking, Renaissance refers to the period between the 14th and mid-17th century. Th e word “Renaissance” means revival, specifically in this period of history, revival of interest in ancient Greek and Roman culture. Renaissance, in essence, was a historical period in which the European humanist thinkers and scholars made attempts to get rid of conservatism in feudalist Europe and introduce new ideas that expressed the interests of the rising bourgeoisie, to lift the restrictions in all areas placed by the Roman church authorities.2. ReformationThe Reformation was a 16th century religious movement as well as a socio-political movement. It began as Martin Luther posted on the door of the castle church at the University of Wittenberg his 95 thesis. This movement which swept over the whole of Europe was aimed at opposing the absolute authority of the Roman Catholic Church and replacing it with the absolute authority of the Bible. The reformists engaged themselves in translating the Bible into their mother tongues. 3. Counter-ReformationBy late 1520 the Roman Catholic Church had lost its control over the church in Germany. The Roman Catholic Church did not stay idle. They mustered their forces, the dedicated Catholic groups, to examine the Church institutions and introduce reforms and improvements, to bring back its vitality. This recovery of power is often called by historiansthe Counter-Reformation.论述简答题：1. What are the Geographical Discoveries in the Renaissance?答：The Renaissance was the golden age of geographical discoveries: by the year of 1600 the surface of the known earth was doubled.1)Columbus: Columbus discovered the land of America. On his fourth voyage he explored the coast of Central America.2)Dias: Dias was a Portuguese navigator who discovered the Cape of Good Hope in 1487.3)Da Gama: Gama was a Portuguese navigator, who discovered the route to India round the Cape of Good Hope between the years of 1497 and 1498.4)Amerig：Amerigo was the Italian navigator on whose honour America was named. His discovered and explored the mouth of the Amazon and accepted South America as a new continent.2. What positive influence does the reformation exert on world culture?答:1)The Roman Catholic Church was never the international court to which all rulers and states were to be morally responsible for.2)Economically, peasants all over Europe had no need to pay a good amount of their gains to the Pope.3)In educational and cultural matters, the monopoly of the church was broken.4)In religion, Protestantism brought into being different forms of Christianity to challenge the absolute rule of the Roman Catholic Church.5)In language, the dominant position of Latin had to give way to the national languages as a result of various translations of the Bible into the vernacular.6)In spirit, absolute obedience became out-moded and the spirit of quest, debate , was ushered in by the reformists.3. What contribution did the Renaissance make to the world culture?答：1、The Renaissance created a culture which freed man to discover and enjoy the world in a way not possible under the medieval Church’s dispensation.2、The Reformation dealt the feudal theocracy a fatal blow.第五章填空题：1. The modern world, so far as mental outlook is concerned, begins in ________. the 17th century2. _________ formed the basis of all modern planetary astronomy and led to Newton’s discovery of the laws of gravitation. Kepler’s Laws3. “Knowledge is power.” By _____. Francis Bacon4. Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested. By _____. Francis Bacon5. Leviathan is written by ________. Tomas Hobbes6. The English Revolution is also called __________. Bourgeoisie Revolution.7. In _______, the Bill of Rights was enacted by the English Parliament. 16898. There are two leaders in the English Revolution. _______ was the man of action and ________ the man of thought. Cromwell, Milton.9. The best repr esentative of French neoclassicism is ________. Molière名词解释：1. the laws of gravitation: the sun, the moon, the earth, the planets, and all the other bodies in the universe move in accordance with the same basic force, which is call gravitation.2. ClassicismClassicism implies the revival of the forms and traditions of the ancient world, a return to works of old Greek literature from Homer to Plato and Aristotle. But French classicism of the 17th century was not conscious of being a classical revival. It intended to produce a literature, French to the core, which was worthy of Greek and classical ideals.This neoclassicism reached its climax in France in the 17th century.3. Baroque ArtBaroque Art, flourished first in Italy, and then spread to Spain, Portugal, France in south Europe and to Flander and the Netherlands in the North. It was characterized by dramatic intensity and sentimental appeal with a lot of emphasis on light and colour.论述简答1. Why do we say the 17th century is a transitional period from middle ages to the modern times?答：1) This advance began in science, in astronomy, physics and pure mathematics, owing to the work of Galileo, Kepler, Newton and Descartes. 2) The outlook of educated men was transformed. There was a profound change in the conception of men’s place in the universe.3) The new science and philosophy gave a great push to the political struggle waged by the newly emerged class, the bourgeoisie, and other chasses.4) The modern world, so far as mental outlook is concerned, begins in the 17th century.2. What are the merits shared by the Great Scientists of 17th century？答：During the 17th century, the modern Scientific method began to take shape. It emphasized observation and experimentation before formulating a final explanation or generalization. Copernicus、Kepler、Galileo、Newton and other scientists of the time shared two merits which favoured the advance of science.1) First, they showed boldness in framing hypotheses.2) Second, they all had immense patience in observation.3) The combination of the two merits brought about fundamental changes in man’s scientific and philosophical thinking.3. What is Baconian Philosophical system?答：1) The whole basis of his philosophy was practical: to give mankind mastery over the forces of nature by means of scientific discoveries and inventions.2) He held that philosophy should be kept separate from theology, not intimately be blended with it as in Scholasticism.3) Bacon established the inductive method. Induction means reasoning from particular facts or individual cases to a general conclusion.. Deductive method emphasized reasoning from a known principle to the unknown and from thegeneral to the specific.4) In a word, to break with the past, and to restore man to his lost mastery of the natural world. This was what Bacon called the Great Instauration.4. What is the difference between Hobbes and Locke in terms of nature Law?答：For Locke, Nature Law, therefore, means a universally obligatory moral law promulgated by the human reason. Whereas for Hobbes it means the law of power, force and fraud.5. What is the different between Tomas Hobbes and John Locke in terms of Social Contract?1) John Lock’s Social Contract consists of :A. Society is out of necessity, convenience and man’s own interest, and therefore, society is natural to man.B. The institution of political society and government must proceed from the consent of those who are incorporated into political society and subject themselves to government.C. Locke emphasized that the social contract must be understood as involving the individual’s consent to submit to the will of the ma jority and that the will of the majority must prevail.D. Locke also believed that the ruler of government is one partner of the social contract. If he violates the social contract, then government is effectively dissolved. This idea was welcomed by the Americans during the AmericanRevolution and the bourgeoisie revolution in England.2 Tomas Hobbes’ Social Contract consists of:A. It is necessary that there should be a common power or government backed by force and able to punish.B. Commonwealth, in Latin, Civitas.C. To escape anarchy, men enter into a social contract, by which they submit to thesovereign. In return for conferring all their powers and strength to the sovereign, men attain peace and security.D. The powers of the sovereign must be absolute, and it is only be the centralization of authority in one person that the evil can be avoided.E. As to the form of government, Hobbes preferred monarchy.F. Government was not created by God, but by men themselves.3) Although both Tomas Hobbes and John Locke used the term “social contract”, they differed fundamentally.A. Firstly, Hobbes argued men enter a social contract to escape the state of war, for, in his view, men are enemies and at war with each other. Locke argued men are equal and that they enter a social contract by reason.B. Secondly, Hobbes argued that individuals surrender their rights to one man, the sovereign whose power is absolute.Locke argued that the individuals surrender their rights to the community as a whole. According to him, by majority vote a representative is chosen, but his power not absolute. If he fails to implement the people’s will, the people have the right to overthrow him.4. What is the great significance of the English Revolution?1、It was the first time that capitalism has defeated absolute monarchy in history.2、The English Revolution marked that the modern times are approaching.3、After the English Revolution the constitutional monarchy has come into being as well as the Bill of Rights. The Bill of Right established the supremacy of the Parliament and put an end to divine monarchy in England. The Bill of Rights limited the Sovereign’s power in certain important directions.6. What are the characteristics of French classicism?1) In the French classical literature, man was viewed as a social being consciously and willingly subject to discipline.2) Rationalism was believed to be able to discover the best principles of human conduct and the universal principles of natural laws. Here Descartes provided the philosophical foundation for the French neoclassicism.3) French classicism was fond of using classical forms, classical themes and values.第六章填空题：1. ________was the first of the great French men of letters associated with the Enlightenment Montesquieu。

(完整版)自考《欧洲文化入门试卷及答案练习题》

课程《欧洲文化入门》考试时间 120 分钟日期年月日姓名学号学院班级Ⅰ.Read the following unfinished statements or questionas carefully. For each unfinished statement or question, four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D are given. Choose the one that you think best completes the statement or answers the question. Write the letter of the answer you have choosen in the corresponding spcae on the answer sheet. (40 points, 2 point for each)1.———— was the founder of scientific mathematics.A. PythagorasB. DemocritusC. AristotleD. Diogenes2. Which of the following figures was regarded as “the master of those who know”byDante?A. PlatoB. SocratesC. AristotleD. Cicero3.________ was called “the greatest historian that ever lived”by Macaulay.A. ThucydidesB. HerodotusC. SocratesD. Aristotle4. The first king to unite the Hebrews was a warrior-famer name________ .A. MosesB. JoshuaC. SaulD. David5. Who issued the Edict of Milan in 313,whick granted religious freedom to all and madeChristianity legal?A. DomitianB. ValerianC. ConstantineD. Theodosius6. The ancestors of the Jews are called Hebrews which mean ________ .A. wanderersB. travelersC. tradersD. merchants7. In the latter part of the fourth century the ________ swept into Europe from centralAsia.A. TurkishB. HunsC. AthensD. Roman8. Apart from being a place of worship, the ________ was a place for recreation and thecenter of trade and community activity.A. bridgeB. church buildingC. villageD. subway9. For two centuries beginning from the late fifteenth century,________ was the goldencity which gave birth to a whole generation of poets, scholars,artists and sculptors.A. MilanB. FlorenceC. VeniceD. the papal states10. which of the following figures knows “how to make beauty yield meaning and meaningyield beauty”?.A. BoccaccioB. ShakespeareC. RaphaelD. Petrarch11. ________ is recognized as the father of the modern European novel and has had greatimpact on world literature.A. Don QuixoteB. hamletC. Gargantua and PantagruelD. Utopia12. The English poet Alexander Pope once wrote:Nature and Nature’laws lay hid innight.God said, “let________ be”, and all was light.A. CopernicusB. KeplerC. NewtonD. Einstein13. It is generally believed that modern philosophy begins with Francis Bacon in Englandand with ________ in France.A. CorneilleB. LockeC. RousseauD. Descartes14. The great contribution of St.Jerome was ________.A. the building of monasteriesB. the translation of Old and New Testaments into LatinC. the setting up of the church systemD. none of the above15. Which of the following is not true about Dante?A. Dante was a great Italian poet.B. Dante wrote BeowulfC. Dante wrote his masterpiece in ItalianD. Dante was a great political thinker16. Scientists in the 17th century,such ans Galileo and Newton,attached great importanceto ________ .A. deductive reasoningB. classical authorityC. direct observation and experimentD. humanist learning17. Which of the following is not true about Aristotle?A. In Aristotle the great humanist and the great man of science meet.B. Aristotle founded the school of the Stoics.C. Aristotle was tutor of Alexander.D. Aristotle wrote many books on logic,politics, poetry, rhetoric and other subjects.18. ________ believed that the highest good in life was pleasure, freedom from pain andemotional upheaval. .A. SophistsB. CynicsC. ScepticsD. Epicureans19. ________ is said to have told the king of Syracuse: “Give me a place to stand, andI will move the world.”A. ArchimedesB. AristotleC. PlatoD. Euclid20. In The Revolution of the Heavenly Orbs,________ put forward his theory that the sun,not the earth, is the center of the universe.A. KeplerB. GalileoC. NewtonD. CopernicusⅡ.In the following part there are two columns.The left hand column consists of a list of names. The right hand column consists of a list of titles, names of organizations,works or remarks in the right hand column and put the number a or b or c etc. in the bracket on the test paper.(10 points, 1 point each)21.St.Jerome [ ] (a)Latin version of Bible22.Dante [ ] (b)The City of God23.Aristophanes [ ] (c)The Canterbury Tales24.Virgil [ ] (d)Aeneid25.Constantine [ ] (e)Last Supper26.Augustine [ ] (f)Virgin Mary27.Chaucer [ ] (g)Edict of Milan28.Leonardo da Vinci [ ] (h)Frogs29.Raphael [ ] (i)The Divine Comedy30.Homer [ ] (j)OdysseyⅢ.Give a one-sentence answer to each of the following question. Write your answer in the corresponding space on the test paper.(20 points, 2 points each)31.Among many elements which constitute European culture, what are the two major ones?32.What are the four schools of philosophers who often argued with each other in the4th century B.C.in Greece?33.What gave birth to Christianity?34.What does the Old Testament mainly deal with?35.What classes were the people of weatern Europe under feudalism mainly divided into?36.Why did the Crusades go on about 200 years? the two men who made great efforts to promote learning in the Middle Ages.38.Which period does Renaissance refer to in the European history?39.List tow most famous pictures painted by Leonardo da Vinci.40.Who established oil colour on canvas as the typical medium of the pictorial traditionin western art?IV.Explain each of the following terms in English. Write your answer in the corresponding space on the test paper in around 40 words.(20 points, 5points each)41.Athens’democrach42.Beowulf43.John Locke44.OdysseyV.Write Between 100-120 Words on the following topic in the corresponding space on the test paper.(10 points)45.What is Baconian philosophical system and the different between inductie method (推理法)and deductive method(演绎法)?课程《欧洲文化入门》答案Ⅰ.1-10: A, C, A, C, C, A, B, B, B, D11-20: A, C, D, B, B, C, B, D, A, DⅡ. 21a,22i,23h,24d,25g,26b,27c,28e,29f,30jⅢ.31.The major elements are the Greco-Roman element and the Judeo-Christian element.32.The four schools of philosophers are Cynics,the Sceptics,the Epicureans and theStoics.33.It was the Jewish tradition that gave birth to Christianity.34.The Old Testment is about God and the Laws of God.35.people of western Europe under feudalism were mainly divided into threeclasses:clergy,lords and peasants.36.In 1071 the armies of the Turkish Moslems occupied Palestine, killing many Christainpilgrims and even selling many others as slaves, which roused great indignation among Christains in western Europe and resulted in the crusades lasting on about 200 years.37.They are Charlemagne and Alfred the Great.38.Renaissance refers to the period between the 14th and mid 17th century.39.Mona Lisa and Last Supper are Leonardo da Vinci’s most famous pictures.40.It was the great Venetian painter Titian.IV41.Athens was a democracy. Democracy means “exercise of power by the whole people”,butby“the whole people”the Greeks meant only the adult male citizens, and citizenship was a set of rights which a man inherited from his father.42.Beowulf is an Anglo-Saxon epic, in alliterative verse, originating from thecollective efforts of oral literature. The story is set in Denmard of Sweden and tells how the hero, Beowulf, defeats the monster Grendel and Grendel’s mother, a sea monster,but eventually receives his own death in fighting with a fire dragon.43.John Locke was a great English empiricist and an outstanding political philosopher,whose writing on economics, politics and religion expressed the ideas of the time.44.Odyssey deals with the return of Odysseus after the Trojan war to his home islandof Ithaca. It describes many adventures he ran into on his long sea voyage and how finally he was reunited with his faithful wife Penelope.V.45.The answer as follows:1.The whole basis of his philosophy was practical: to give mankind mastery over theforces of nature by means of scientific discoveries and inventions.2.He held that philosophy should be kept separate from theology, not intimately beblended with is as in Scholasticism.3.Bacon established the inductive method. Induction means reasoning from particularfacts or individual cases to a general conclusion. Deductive method emphasized reasoning from a known principle to the unknown and from the general to the specific.4.In a word, to break with the past, and to restore man to his lost mastery of naturalworld. This was what Bacon called the Great Instauration.。

model test 2

欧洲文化入门试卷2I.Read the following unfinished statements or questions carefully. For each unfinished statement or question，four suggested answers marked[A]，[B]，[C] and [D]are given．Choose the one which best completes the statement or answers tile question by blackening the corresponding letter Oil the ANSWER SHEET．(40 points，2 points each)1. Who were considered as people by the ancient Athens?A. Women citizensB. AdultsC. Adult male citizensD. Foreigners and children2. Which of the following is tree about Dialogues?A. Dialogues was a book written by SocratesB. Dialogues was a record of life of PlatoC. Dialogues was a record of Socrates written by PlatoD. Dialogues was a record of Socrates’s sayings by his followers3. The great deed that David performed wasA. he took the Hebrews back to CanaanB. he killed Goliath, the philistine giantC. he went to the of the mountain in Sinai to receive message from GodD. none of the above4. In the early days of Christianity，it was a religion of____.A. the richB. the poorC. the ruling classD. all people5. Which of the following statements about knighthood is not true?A. A nobleman was bom a knight.B. Knighthood had to be earned.C. One had to be trained in order to become a knight.D. After being dubbed a knight，he had to observe the Code of Chivalry.6. The Inquisition was____.A. a church court set up to try hereticsB.an organization for church investigationC. a court 113 many kingdomsD. the decision-making body of the church7. Art to Michelangelo was a means by which____.A. he expressed his opposition to the despotic ruleB. he made inquiry into the realityC. he expressed his vision of mallD.B and C8. Counter-reformation means the Roman Catholic church____.A. suppressed the Reformation movement by forceB. refused to accept any reformC. reestablished itself as a dynamic force in European affairs by introducing reforms and improvementsD. ganged up with the Spanish monarchy to set up the Inquisition9. Kepler’s contribution to astronomy is____.A. his discovery of the law of inertiaB. his discovery of the Ptolemaic systemC. his discovery of the three laws of planetary motionD. none of the above10. In Essay Concerning Human Understanding，John Locke stated that____.A. all our knowledge sprang from experienceB. knowledge was powerC. everyman was enemy to every manD. the word was made up of simple，active substances11. The symbolic event of the French Revolution in 1789 was ____.A. the issuance 0f the Declaration of independenceB. the founding of the First RepublicC. the seizure of the BastilleD. the publication of The spirit of the Laws12. V oltaire was noted for his____.A. witB. satireC. passionD.A and B13. In Critique of Pure Reason，Kant argued that ____.A. knowledge is the joint product of both sense and reasonB. creation讨never complete；it is ever going onC. virtue can be sustained without religious beliefD. man’s greatest ills are not natural but are made by man himself14. The Lyrical Ballads was written by ____.A. ShelleyB.Wordsworth and ColeridgeC. Blake and KeatsD. Byron and Shelley15. The line“Beauty is truth，truth beauty”comes from____.A. WordsworthB. ByronC. KeatsD. Blake16. In developing Marxist philosophy, Marx and Engels accepted____ in Germanclassical philosophy.A. Hegel’s dialecticsB. Feuerbach’s metaphysicsC. Feuerbach’s materialismD. A and C17. Balzac’s monumental work was____.A. Divine ComedyB. The Human ComedyC. The Brothers KaramazovD. Les Miserables18 The author of A Doll’s house was____.A.George Bernard ShawB.ChekhovC. Henrik lbsekD. Leo Tolstoy19. Which of the following works was written by William Faulkner?A.The Waste landB. DublinersC. CantosD. The Sound and the Fury20. The poem Howl was written by____.A. Kingsley AmisB. John OsborneC. Allen GinsbergD. Ezra PoundII. In the following part there are two columns. The left hand column consists of a list of names. The right hand column consists of a list of titles，names of organizations or works. Match each name in the left hand column with corresponding title or organization or work in the right hand column and put the number a or b or e etc．in the bracket on the test paper.(10 points，1 point each)21. Plato ( ) a. the Society of Jesus22. Dante ( ) b. Socialism：Utopian and Scientific23. Ignatius ( ) c. Dialogues24. Bacon ( ) d. the mazurkas25. Engels ( ) e. The Counterfeiters26. James Joyce ( ) f. Faust27. Shelley ( ) g. the Divine Comedy28.Goethe ( ) h. the Advancement of Learning29.Chopin ( ) i. Ulysses30.Andre Gide ( ) j. Prometheus UnboundIII. Give a one-sentence answer to each of the following questions. Write your answer in the corresponding space on the test paper．(20 points，2 points each)31. What was Aristotle’s answer to man’s aim in li fe?32. Why were clergymen soimportant in the Middle Ages?33. What attempts did the European humanist thinkers and scholars make in theRenaissance period?34. What is Machiavelli called in the West?35. What is the method explained by Descartes in Meditations?36. Which composers in the 18th century were known as the Viennese School?37. Which composer realized the possibility of the clarinet and used it for solo effects?38. What was in common in the themes of the works of Romantic writers?39. What sort of feeling was expressed in the music of Tchaikovsky?40. Which American novelist was noted for his great psychological subtlety and washailed as “the M aster beyond all masters”?IV. Explain each of the following terms in English. Write your answer in the corresponding space on the test paper in around 40words．(20 points，5 points each)41. Epicureans42. John Milton43. Beethoven44. The Lost GenerationV. Write between 100～120 words on the following topic in the corresponding space on the test paper．(10 points)45. What are the impacts of Greek culture?欧洲文化入门试卷2 参考答案I. 1-C 2-C 3-B 4-B 5-A 6-A 7-D 8-C 9-C 10-A11-C 12-D 13-A 14-B 15-C 16-D 17-B 18-C 19-D 20-CII. 21-c 22-g 23-a 24-h 25-b 26-i 27-j 28-f 29-d 30-eIII.31.Happiness was Aristotle’s answer to man’s aim in life.32. Because they were the only teachers，as they were the best-educated men in their day．33. The European humanist thinkers and scholars made attempts to get rid of conservatism in feudalist Europe and introduce new ideas that expressed the interests of rising bourgeoisie，to lift the restrictions in a11 areas placed by the Roman church authorities.34. He w as called“Father of political science”．35. The method of Cartesian doubt is explained by Descartes in Meditations.36. Haydn，Mozart and Beethoven were known as the Viennese School.37. Mozart realized the possibilities of the clarinet and used it for solo effects．38. Their works，diversified in character and daring in spirit，all depicted man’s eager search for individual freedom，pure sentiments and ideal beauty．39. Splendour and sadness，and in it one feels the soul of Russia aspiring towards and ideal still hidden in the mists of the future．40. Henry James was noted for his great psychological subtlety and was hailed as“the M aster beyond all masters”．Ⅳ.41. The Epicureans were disciples of Epicurus，who believed pleasure to be thehighest good in life，and pleasure was not sensual enjoyment，but freedom from pain and emotional unheaval. This he thought could be attained by the practice of virtue. His teaching was misunderstood by later people and the word “Epicurean’’ has come to mean indulgence in luxurious living．42. John Milton was born in 1608 and died in 1674，a great part of his life being connected with the English Revolution Young Milton received education at the ST. Paul public school and Cambridge and was trained in several languages，music，art，and science. Major works have Paradise Lost，Paradise Regained and Samson Agonistes.43. German composer. Technically，he inherited what Haydn and Mozart had skillfully developed in musical composition. His most important contributions to musical world were in those musical forms associated with the growth of the sonata. In Beethoven one can see a progression from the comparatively simple in style and expression to the highly complex．44. This term was used to refer to the young men who Survived the war physically but were afterwards spiritually and morally adrift. Their Ameriean dream was disillusioned. The best representative of the lost generation was Ernest Hemingway．V. 45. a. Spirit of InnovationThey invented mathematics and science and philosophy；they first wrote history as opposed to mere annals t they speculated freely about the nature of the world and the ends of life，without being bound in the fetters of any inherited orthodoxy.b. Supreme AchievementThe Greeks achieved supreme achievements in nearly all fields of human endeavour: philosophy，science，epic poetry，tragedy，comedy，lyric poetry，historical writing，architecture，sculpture，etc.c. Lasting EffectThe Greeks set an example by the hold effort they made to understand the world by the use of human reason. The body of ideas the Greek philosophers expressed，and the variety of questions they raised about the nature of the world and of human thought，knowledge and conduct，have had an abiding interest for later generations.。

自考《欧洲文化入门试卷及答案练习题》

课程《欧洲文化入门》考试时间 120 分钟日期年月日姓名学号学院班级Ⅰ.Read the following unfinished statements or questionas carefully. For each unfinished statement or question, four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D are given. Choose the one that you think best completes the statement or answers the question. Write the letter of the answer you have choosen in the corresponding spcae on the answer sheet. (40 points, 2 point for each)———— was the founder of scientific mathematics.A. PythagorasB. DemocritusC. AristotleD. Diogenes2. Which of the following figures was regarded as “the master of those who know”byDante?A. PlatoB. SocratesC. AristotleD. Cicero3.________ was called “the greatest historian that ever lived”by Macaulay.A. ThucydidesB. HerodotusC. SocratesD. Aristotle4. The first king to unite the Hebrews was a warrior-famer name________ .A. MosesB. JoshuaC. SaulD. David5. Who issued the Edict of Milan in 313,whick granted religious freedom to all andmade Christianity legal?A. DomitianB. ValerianC. ConstantineD. Theodosius6. The ancestors of the Jews are called Hebrews which mean ________ .A. wanderersB. travelersC. tradersD. merchants7. In the latter part of the fourth century the ________ swept into Europe fromcentral Asia.A. TurkishB. HunsC. AthensD. Roman8. Apart from being a place of worship, the ________ was a place for recreation andthe center of trade and community activity.A. bridgeB. church buildingC. villageD. subway9. For two centuries beginning from the late fifteenth century,________ was thegolden city which gave birth to a whole generation of poets, scholars,artists and sculptors.A. MilanB. FlorenceC. VeniceD. the papal states10. which of the following figures knows “how to make beauty yield meaning andmeaning yield beauty”?.A. BoccaccioB. ShakespeareC. RaphaelD. Petrarch11. ________ is recognized as the father of the modern European novel and has hadgreat impact on world literature.A. Don QuixoteB. hamletC. Gargantua and PantagruelD. Utopia12. The English poet Alexander Pope once wrote:Nature and Nature’laws lay hid innight.God said, “let________ be”, and all was light.A. CopernicusB. KeplerC. NewtonD. Einstein13. It is generally believed that modern philosophy begins with Francis Bacon inEngland and with ________ in France.A. CorneilleB. LockeC. RousseauD. Descartes14. The great contribution of St.Jerome was ________.A. the building of monasteriesB. the translation of Old and New Testaments into LatinC. the setting up of the church systemD. none of the above15. Which of the following is not true about Dante?A. Dante was a great Italian poet.B. Dante wrote BeowulfC. Dante wrote his masterpiece in ItalianD. Dante was a great political thinker16. Scientists in the 17th century,such ans Galileo and Newton,attached greatimportance to ________ .A. deductive reasoningB. classical authorityC. direct observation and experimentD. humanist learning17. Which of the following is not true about Aristotle?A. In Aristotle the great humanist and the great man of science meet.B. Aristotle founded the school of the Stoics.C. Aristotle was tutor of Alexander.D. Aristotle wrote many books on logic,politics, poetry, rhetoric and othersubjects.18. ________ believed that the highest good in life was pleasure, freedom from painand emotional upheaval. .A. SophistsB. CynicsC. ScepticsD. Epicureans19. ________ is said to have told the king of Syracuse: “Give me a place to stand,and I will move the world.”A. ArchimedesB. AristotleC. PlatoD. Euclid20. In The Revolution of the Heavenly Orbs,________ put forward his theory that thesun, not the earth, is the center of the universe.A. KeplerB. GalileoC. NewtonD. CopernicusⅡ.In the following part there are two columns.The left hand column consists ofa list of names. The right hand column consists of a list of titles, names oforganizations, works or remarks in the right hand column and put the numbera orb orc etc. in the bracket on the test paper.(10 points, 1 point each)(a)Latin version of Bible22.Dante [ ] (b)The City of God23.Aristophanes [ ] (c)The Canterbury Tales24.Virgil [ ] (d)Aeneid25.Constantine [ ] (e)Last Supper26.Augustine [ ] (f)Virgin Mary27.Chaucer [ ] (g)Edict of Milan28.Leonardo da Vinci [ ] (h)Frogs29.Raphael [ ] (i)The Divine Comedy30.Homer [ ] (j)OdysseyⅢ.Give a one-sentence answer to each of the following question. Write your answer in the corresponding space on the test paper.(20 points, 2 points each) 31.Among many elements which constitute European culture, what are the two majorones?32.What are the four schools of philosophers who often argued with each other inthe 4th Greece?33.What gave birth to Christianity?34.What does the Old Testament mainly deal with?35.What classes were the people of weatern Europe under feudalism mainly dividedinto?36.Why did the Crusades go on about 200 years? the two men who made great efforts to promote learning in the Middle Ages.38.Which period does Renaissance refer to in the European history?39.List tow most famous pictures painted by Leonardo da Vinci.40.Who established oil colour on canvas as the typical medium of the pictorialtradition in western art?IV.Explain each of the following terms in English. Write your answer in the corresponding space on the test paper in around 40 words.(20 points, 5points each)41.Athens’democrach42.Beowulf43.John Locke44.OdysseyV.Write Between 100-120 Words on the following topic in the corresponding space on the test paper.(10 points)45.What is Baconian philosophical system and the different between inductie method(推理法)and deductive method(演绎法)?课程《欧洲文化入门》答案Ⅰ.1-10: A, C, A, C, C, A, B, B, B, D11-20: A, C, D, B, B, C, B, D, A, DⅡ. 21a,22i,23h,24d,25g,26b,27c,28e,29f,30jⅢ.31.The major elements are the Greco-Roman element and the Judeo-Christian element.32.The four schools of philosophers are Cynics,the Sceptics,the Epicureans and theStoics.33.It was the Jewish tradition that gave birth to Christianity.34.The Old Testment is about God and the Laws of God.35.people of western Europe under feudalism were mainly divided into threeclasses:clergy,lords and peasants.36.In 1071 the armies of the Turkish Moslems occupied Palestine, killing manyChristain pilgrims and even selling many others as slaves, which roused great indignation among Christains in western Europe and resulted in the crusades lasting on about 200 years.37.They are Charlemagne and Alfred the Great.38.Renaissance refers to the period between the 14th and mid 17th century.39.Mona Lisa and Last Supper are Leonardo da Vinci’s most famous pictures.40.It was the great Venetian painter Titian.IV41.Athens was a democracy. Democracy means “exercise of power by the wholepeople”,but by“the whole people”the Greeks meant only the adult male citizens, and citizenship was a set of rights which a man inherited from his father. 42.Beowulf is an Anglo-Saxon epic, in alliterative verse, originating from thecollective efforts of oral literature. The story is set in Denmard of Sweden and tells how the hero, Beowulf, defeats the monster Grendel and Grendel’s mother, a sea monster,but eventually receives his own death in fighting witha fire dragon.43.John Locke was a great English empiricist and an outstanding politicalphilosopher, whose writing on economics, politics and religion expressed the ideas of the time.44.Odyssey deals with the return of Odysseus after the Trojan war to his home islandof Ithaca. It describes many adventures he ran into on his long sea voyage and how finally he was reunited with his faithful wife Penelope.V.45.The answer as follows:1.The whole basis of his philosophy was practical: to give mankind mastery overthe forces of nature by means of scientific discoveries and inventions.2.He held that philosophy should be kept separate from theology, not intimatelybe blended with is as in Scholasticism.3.Bacon established the inductive method. Induction means reasoning fromparticular facts or individual cases to a general conclusion. Deductive method emphasized reasoning from a known principle to the unknown and from the general to the specific.4.In a word, to break with the past, and to restore man to his lost mastery of naturalworld. This was what Bacon called the Great Instauration.。

《欧洲文化入门》复习题

《欧洲文化入门》复习题I. Complete each of following sentences with the most likely answer. (考30题，每题1分)1.In ___________ the Roman conquered Greece.A. 1200B.C. B. 700 B. C. C. 146 B. C.D. The 5th century2.Which of the following works described the war led by Agamemnon againstthe city of Troy?A. Oedipus the KingB. IliadC. OdysseyD. Antigone3.Which of the following is NOT the plays written by Aeschylus?A. AntigoneB. AgamemnonC. PersiansD. Prometheus Bound4.Which of the following is NOT the plays written by Sophocles?A. ElectraB. AntigoneC. Trojan WomanD. Oedipus theKing5.Who was the founder of scientific mathematics?A. HeracleitusB. AristotleC. SocratesD. Pythagoras6.Who is chiefly noted for his doctrine that “man is the measure of allthings”?A. ProtagorasB. PythagorasC. PyrrhonD. Epicurus11.Who wrote, “I came, I saw, I conquered”?A. HoraceB. Julius CaesarC. VirgilD. Marcus TulliusCicero12.The author of the philosophical poem On the Nature of things is___________.A. VirgilB. Julius CaesarC. HoraceD. Lucretius13.Which of the following is not Roman architecture?A. The ColosseumB. The PanthenonC. The ParthenonD. Pont du Gard14.Who wrote, “Captive Greece took her rude conqueror captive”?A. SapphoB. PlatoC. VirgilD. Horace15.Which of the following is by far the most influential in theWest?_______A. BuddismB. IslamismC. ChristianityD.Judaism16.The Old Testament consists of 39 books, the oldest and most importantof which are the first five books, called __________.A. ExodusB. CommandmentsC. AmosD. Pentaeuch19.After the _______ century Nestorianism reached China.A. sixthB. fifthC. secondD.third20.Which of the following emperors made Christianity the officialreligion of the empire and outlawed all other religions? __________A. TheodosiusB. AugustusC. Constantine ID. NeroCaesar21.Which of the following emperors issued the Edict of Milan and madeChristianity legal in 313? __________A. AugustusB. ThedosiusC. NeroD. ConstantineI22.At the age of 30, Jesus Christ received the baptism at the hands of_________.A. St. PeterB. St. PaulC. John BaptistD. JohnWycliff23.By 1693, the whole of the Bible had been translated in_________languages.A. 228B. 974C. 1202D. 15424.When printing was invented in the 1500’s, the _______ Bibl e was thefirst complete work printed.A. EnglishB. LatinC. AramaicD.Hebrew25.When did the standard American edition of the Revised Version appear?_______A. 1885B. 1611C. 1901D. 197927.The Middle Ages is also called the _________.A. “Age of Christianity”B. “Age ofLiterature”C. “Age of Holy Spirit”D. “Age of Faith”28.According to the code of chivalry, which of the following is not pledgedto do for a knight? _______A. To be loyal to his lordB. To fight for thechurchC. To obey without question the orders of the abbotD. To respect women of noble birth29.When was a noble crowned as a knight in the Middle Ages in Western Europe?_______A. At the age of 14.B. When he was taught to say his prayers, learned good manners andran errands for the ladies.C. At a special ceremony known as dubbing.D. When he was pledged to fight for the church.30.Under feudalism, what were the three classes of people of westernEurope?________A. clergy, knights and serfsB. Pope, bishop and peasantsC. clergy, lords and peasantsD. knights, nobles and serfs31.By which year the Moslems had taken over the last Christian strongholdand won the crusades and ruled all the territory in Palestine that the crusaders had fought to control? ________A. 1270B. 1254C. 1096D. 129137.Which of the following was crowned “Emperor of the Romans” by thePope in 800? ______A. St. Thomas AquinasB. CharlemagneC. ConstantineD. King James38.Who is the author of the Opus Maius? ________A. Roger BaconB. Dante AlighieriC. ChaucerD. St. Thomas Aquinas41.Which of the following works is written by Boccaccio? _______A. DecameronB. CanzoniersC. DavidD.Moses42.Who is the author of the painting, Betrayal of Judas? ________A. GiottoB. BrunelleschiC. DonatelloD.Giorgione43.Which of the following High Renaissance artists is the father of themodern mode of painting? _______A. RaphaelB. TitianC. da VinciD.Michelangelo44.Which of the following High Renaissance artists was best known for hisMadona (Virgin Mary)?A. TitianB. da VinciC. MichelangeloD. Raphael45.Which of the following paintings was based on the story in the Biblewith Maria riding on a donkey ready to face the hardship ahead? ________A. TempestaB. Sacred and Profane LoveC. Flight into EgyptD. The Return of theHunters52.Which of the following works was written by Rabelais, in which hepraises the greatness of man, expresses his love of love and his reverence and sympathy for humanist learning? _______A.Gargantua and PantagruelB. Don QuixoteC. The Praise of FollyD. Utopia53.Which of the following works is worth reading for Montaigne’s humanistideas and a style which is easy and familiar? ________A. SonnetsB. DecameronC. RabelaisD. Of Repentance54.Which of the following is NOT French writer poet? _______A. CervantesB. Pierre de RonsardC. RabelaisD.Montaigne55.In 1516 who published the first Greek edition of the NewTestament?_________A. BruegelB. ErasmusC. El GrecoD.Rabelais58.The author of The Revolution of the Heavenly Orbs is _______?A. KeplerB. CopernicusC. GalileoD. Newton59.Galileo is the greatest name in the physics of the 17th century. Histelescope magnified objects _______.A. a thousand timesB. a hundred timesC. ten-thousand timesD. five-hundred times60.Engels said: “The revolutionary act by which natural science declaredits independence… was the publication of the immortal work…”, what does the immortal work refer to ?_______A. Sidereus NunciusB. New Eassays Concerning Human UnderstandingC. New system of NatureD. The Revolution of the Heavenly Orbs65. ________ and Newton invented independently the differential and integral calculus.A. DescartesB. CopernicusC. LeibnizD. Kepler66.Which of the following works was not written by Francis Bacon? ________A. Essay Concerning Human UnderstandingB. The Novum Organum (New Method)C. The New AtlantisD. The Advancement of Learning67.Which of the following philosophers believed that man is selfish bynature? _______A. John LockeB. DescartesC. Pierre GassendiD. Thomas Hobbes68.In 1644, John Milton wrote a protest against a parliamentary decreere-imposing complete censorship of the press. This was his best known prose ______.A. AndromaqueB. AreopagiticaC. Paradise LostD. Paradise Regained69.Which of the following is NOT the content of the Bill of Rights whichlimited the Sovereign’s power in certain important directions?________A. Parliament was responsible for all the law making.B. The power of suspending the laws by royal authority was declaredto be illegal.C. The King should levy no money at any time.D. The King should not keep a standing army in time of peace withoutconsent of Parliament.78.Which of the following artists helped to bring the Roman Baroque styleto its climax? ______A. RubensB. BorrominiC. CaravaggioD. Bernini79.Which of the following artists helped to spread the Baroque style toNorth Europe? ______A. RubensB. VelazquezC. BorrominiD. Bernini80.In painting of the 17th century, who won international fame and his styleis basically classical, his figures are frozen and their action stiff?_____A. Christopher WrenB. RembrandtC. PoussinD. Rubbens II. Fill in the following blanks. （考10空，每空1分）1.European culture is made up of many elements, two of these elementsare considered to be more enduring and they are the Greco-Roman element and the Judeo-Christian element.2.The three great tragic dramatists of ancient Greece are Aeschylus,Sophocles, and Euripides.3.To illustrate the principle of the level, Archimedes is said to havetold the king: “Give me a place to stand, and I will move the world.”4.In the 4th century, the emperor Constantine moved the capital from Rometo Byzantium, renamed it Constantinople ( modern Istanbul ).5.She-wolf is the statue which illustrates the legend of creation ofRoman.6.Among all the religions by which people seek to worship, Christianityis by far the most influential in the West.7.The Bible is a collection of religious writings comprising two parts:the Old Testament and the New Testament.8.In European history, the thousand year period following the fall ofthe West Roman Empire in the fifth century is called the Middle Ages.9.As a knight, he was pledged to protect the weak, to fight for the church,to be loyal to his lord and to respect women of noble birth. These rules were known as code of chivalry, from which the western idea of good manners developed.10.Under feudalism, people of Western Europe were mainly divided intothree classes: clergy, lords and peasants.11.To express their religious feelings, many people in the Middle Ageswent on journeys to sacred places where early Christian leaders had lived. The most important of all was Jerusalem.12.Beowulf is an Anglo-Sexon epic, in alliterative verse, originatingfrom the collective efforts of oral literature.13.Loenardo da Vinci’s major works: Last Supper is the most famous ofreligious pictures; Mona Lisa probably is the world’s most famous portrait.14.The Reformation led by Martin Luther which swept over the whole ofEurope was aimed at opposing the absolute authority of the Roman Catholic Church and replacing it with the absolute authority of the Bible.15.Cervantes crowned literature of Spain and Shakespeare of Englandduring the Renaissance.16.The Puritan Movement was the religious cause of the English Revolution.17.Corneille, Racine, and Moliere are the three major dramatists of theFrench neoclassicism in the 17th century.III. Decide whether the following statements are true or false.（考10题，每题1分）1.Diogenes is chiefly noted for his doctrine that “ man is the measureof all things.” F2.Sappho was considered the most important lyric poet of ancient Greece.T3.Venus de Milo was discovered in the island of Milo in 1920. F4.Roman law eventually became the core of modern civil and commerciallaw in many Western countries. T5.The Romans greatly admired Greek works and freely borrowed from them.And besides being profound, powerful and beautiful, their own writings showed little originality. F6.After 392 A.D., Christianity had changed from an object of oppressionto a weapon in the hands of the ruling class to crush their opponents.T7.The Bible is much more than a religious book; it is really anencyclopedia: history, literature, philosophy and record of great minds. T8.The Old Testament was originally written in Hebrew, the New Testamentin a popular form of Latin. F9.During the Medieval times there was no central government to keep theorder. The only organization that seemed to unite Europe was feudalism.F10.Some of the hermits were great scholars known as “ Father of theChurch”, whose work is generally considered orthodox. T11.Charlemagne wanted to rule as the emperors of Rome had done in ancienttimes and eventually was crowned “ Emperor of the Romans” by himself in 800. F12.Where the impact with Italy was most strongly felt in fine arts, inFrance it was literature and in England it was philosophy and drama.T13. After Reformation, in religion, Protestantism brought into beingdifferent forms of Christianity to challenge the absolute rule of the Roman Catholic Church. T14.The Cartesian doubt is summarized in his motto: “ I doubt, thereforeI th ink: I think , therefore I am.” T15.Baroque art, flourished first in Spain was characterized by dramaticintensity and sentimental appeal with a lot of emphasis on light and color. F16.The designing and building of St. Paul’s Cathedral is the landmarkin French architecture. F17.The three composers of the classical music , Bach ,Haydn and Mozartare known as the Viennese School. F18.The representatives of the Later Romantics in music are Berlioz, Liszt,Wagner, Verdi, Brahms, and Tchaikovsky. T19.As Isaac Newton dominated 17th-century science with his discovery ofthe laws governing the bodies of the universe, so Charles Darwin dominated 18th-centuryscience, for he discovered the laws governing the evolution of man himself. F20.Black humor is a kind of desperate humor. It is the laughter at tragicthings. Man’s fate is decided by comprehensible powers. We can’t do anything about it, therefore we may as well laugh. FIV. Explain the following terms in English. （考3个名词，每词10分）1.Humanism ---Broadly, this term suggests any attitude, which tends to exalt the human element or stress the importance of human interests, as opposed to the supernatural, divine element—or as opposed to the grosser, animal elements. In a more specific sense, humanism suggests a devotion to those studies supposed to promote human culture most effectively—in particular, those dealing with the life, thought, language and literature of ancient Greece and Rome. In literary of classical culture that accompanied the Renaissance.2.Enlightenment ---The Enlightenment was an intellectual movement originating in France, which attracted widespread support among the ruling and intellectual classes of Europe and North America in the second half of the 18th century. It characterizes the efforts by certain European writers to use critical reason to free minds from prejudice, unexamined authority and oppression by church or State. Therefore, the Enlightenment is sometimes called the Age of Reason.3.Neo-classicism ---It was initiated by Dryden, culminated in Pope and continued by Johnson. Neo-classicists modeled themselves on classical, ancient Greek and Latin authors. They wanted to achieve perfect form in literature. They general tended to look at social and political life critically. They emphasize on intellect rather than imagination. They observed fixed laws and rules in literary creation. Poets preferred heroic couplet. In drama, they adhered to three unities, time, place and action. They emphasized on the didactic function of literature.4. Calvinism ---The French theologian put his thoughts in his Institutes of the Christian Religion, which was known as Calvinism. Calvinism rejected the papal authorities and stressed the absolute authority of God' s will, holding that only those specially elected by God are saved. It also held that any form of sinfulness was a likely sign of damnation whereas ceaseless work could be a sign of salvation. Many historians havesuggested that Calvinism helped to pave the way for Capitalism.5. Reformation ---It was a 16th century religious movement as well as a socio-political movement. It was led by Martin Luther and swept over the whole of Europe. This movement was aimed at opposing the absolute authority of the Roman Catholic Church and replacing it with the absolute authority of the Bible. The Reformers believed in direct communication between the individual and God, engaged themselves in translating the Bible into their mother tongues, urged the Church to have institutional reforms and were interested in liberating national economy and politics from the interference of the Roman Catholic Church and carrying out wars in the interests of the peasants and revolution in the interests of the bourgeoisie. The Reformation dealt the feudal theocracy a fatal blow and shattered Medieval Church's stifling control over man, thus paving the way for capitalism.V. Write on the following topic in the corresponding space on the answer sheet. （20分）It is said that the Bible has shaped Western culture more decisively than anything else ever written. Do you agree with this statement? Please give your own reasons.(1) Yes, I agree with the statement. (2’)(2) Introduction to the Bible. (8’)(3) Bible’s significant place in Western culture. (10’)。

欧洲文化常识测试英语题型

《欧洲文化入门》复习题（一）Division One: Greek Culture and Roman Culture Greek CultureI.填空1.European culture is made up of many elements, two of these elements are considered to bemore enduring and they are the Greco-Roman element and the Judeo-Christian element.2.Greek culture reached a high point of development in the 5th century.3.In the second half of the 4th century B. C., all Greece was brought under the rule of Alexander,king of Macedon.4.In 146 B. C. the Romans conquered Greece.5.Greek culture reached a high point of development in the 5th century.6.Revived in 1896, the Olympic Games have become the world’s foremost amateur sportscompetition.7.Ancient Greeks considered Homer to be the author of their epics.8.The Iliad deals with the alliance of the states of the southern mainland of Greece, led byAgamemnon in their war against the city of Troy.9.The Odyssey deals with the return of Odysseus after the Trojan war to his home, island ofIthaca.10.Of the many lyric poets of ancient Greece, two are still admired by readers today: Sapphoand Pindar.11.Sappho was considered the most important lyric poet of ancient Greece.12.Pindar is best known for his odes celebrating the victories at the athletic games, such as the14 Olympic odes.13.The three great tragic dramatists of ancient Greece are Aeschylus, Sophocles, and Euripides.14.Aeschylus wrote such plays as Prometheus Bound, Persians and Agamemnon.15.Sophocles wrote such tragic plays as Oedipus the King, Electra, and Antigone.16.Euripides wrote mainly about women in such plays as Andromache, Medea, and TrojanWomen.edy also flourished in the 5th century B. C.. Its best writer was Aristophanes, who hasleft eleven plays, including Frogs, Clouds, Wasps and Birds.18.Herodotus is often called ―Father of History‖. He wrote about the wars be tween Greeks andPersians.19.Thucydides described the war between Athens and Sparta and between Athens and Syracuse,a Greek state on the Island of Sicily.20.Pythagoras was a bold thinker who had the idea that all things were numbers.21.Pythagoras was the founder of scientific mathematics.22.Heracleitue believed fire to the primary element of the universe, out of which everything elsehad arisen.23.The greatest names in European philosophy are Socrates, Plato and Aristotle.24.Democritus was one of the earliest philosophical materialists and speculated about the atomicstructure of matter.25.In the 4th century B. C., four schools of philosophers often argued with each other, they arethe Cynics, the Sceptics, the Epicureans, and the Stoics.26.Euclid is well-known for his Elements, a textbook of geometry.27.To illustrate the principle of the level, Archimedes is said to have told the king: ―Give me aplace to stand, and I will move the world.‖28.Greek architecture can be grouped into three styles: the Doric style which is also called themasculine style; the Ionic style which is also called the feminine style; and a later style that is called the Corinthian style.29.The Acropolis at Athens and the Parthenon are the finest monument of Greek architecture andsculpture in more than 2000 years.30.In the 20th century, there are Homeric parallels in the Irishman James Joyce’s modernistmasterpiece Ulysses.II.选择1.Which culture reached a high point of development in the 5th century B. C.?A.Greek CultureB.Roman CultureC.Egyptian CultureD.Chinese Culture2.In ___________ the Roman conquered Greece.A.1200B.C.B.700 B.C.C.146 B. C.D.The 5th century3.Which of the following works described the war led by Agamemnon against the city of Troy?A.Oedipus the KingB.IliadC.OdysseyD.Antigone4.Which of the following is NOT the plays written by Aeschylus?A.AntigoneB.AgamemnonC.PersiansD.Prometheus Bound5.Which of the following is NOT the plays written by Sophocles?A.ElectraB.AntigoneC.Trojan WomanD.Oedipus the King6.Which of the following is the play written by Euripides?A.AntigoneB.PersiansC.ElectraD.Medea7.Which of the following is NOT the greatest tragic dramatist of ancient Greece?A.AristophanesB.EuripidesC.SophoclesD.Aeschylus8.Who ever said that ―You can not step twice into the same river‖?A.PythagorasB.HeracleitusC.Aristotle9.Who was the founder of scientific mathematics?A.HeracleitusB.AristotleC.SocratesD.Pythagoras10.Who is chiefly noted for his doctrine that ―man is the measure of all things‖?A.ProtagorasB.PythagorasC.PyrrhonD.EpicurusIII.名词解释1.Aeschylus2.Plato3.The CynicsIV.简答与问答1.What are the major elements in European culture?2.What were the main features of ancient Greek society?3.Who were the outstanding dramatists of ancient Greece? What important plays did each of them write?4.Tell some of P lato’s ideas. Why do people call him an idealist?5.Give some examples to show the enormous influence of Greek culture on English literature.Roman CultureI. 填空1.The burning of Corinth in 146 B. C. marked Roman conquest of Greece, which was thenreduced to a province of the Roman Empire.2.The Roman writer Horace said: ―Captive Greece took her rude conqueror captive‖.3.In 27 B. C. Octavius took supreme power as emperor with the title of Augustus.4.The Romans enjoyed a long period of peace lasting two hundred years, a remarkablephenomenon in history known as the Pax Romana.5.In the 4th century, the emperor Constantine moved the capital from Rome to Byzantium,renamed it Constantinople ( modern Istanbul ).6.In 476 the last emperor of the west was deposed by the Coths and marked the end of the WestRoman Empire.7.The East Roman Empire collapsed when Constantinople fell to the Turks in 1453.8.Julius Caesar recorded what he did and saw in the various military campaigns he took part inand these writings, collected in his Commentaries, are models of succinct Latin.9.Virgil was the greatest of Latin poets and wrote the great epic, the Aeneid.10.The Pantheon is the greatest and the best preserved Roman temple, which was built in 27 B. C.And reconstructed in the 2th century A. D..11.She-wolf is the statue which illustrates the legend of creation of Roman.II.选择1.Who wrote, ―I came, I saw, I conquered‖?A.HoraceB.Julius CaesarC.VirgilD.Marcus Tullius Cicero2.The author of the philosophical poem On the Nature of things is ___________.A.VirgilB.Julius CaesarC.HoraceD.Lucretius3.Which of the following is not Roman architecture?A.The ColosseumB.The PanthenonC.The ParthenonD.Pont du Gard4.Who wrote, ―Captive Greece took her rude conqueror captive‖?A.SapphoB.PlatoC.VirgilD.HoraceIII.名词解释1.Julius Caesar2.The Pax RomanaIV.简答与问答1.What did the Romans have in common with the Greeks? And what was the chief differencebetween them?2.What is the book for which Virgil has been famous throughout the centuries? In what way is thebook linked with the Greek past?3.Why do we say Aeneas is a truly tragic hero?Division Two: The Bible and ChristianityThe Old TestamentⅠ填空题1.Among all the religions by which people seek to worship, Christianity is by far the mostinfluential in the West.2.Both Judaism and Christianity originated in Palestine the hub of migration and trade routes,which led to exchange of ideas over wide areas.3.Some 3800 years ago the ancestors of the Jews – the Hebrews – wandered through the desertsof the Middle East.4.About 1300 B.C., the Hebrews came to settle in Palestine, known as Canaan at that time, andformed small kingdoms.5.The king of the Hebrews was handed down orally from one generation to another in the formof folktales and stories, which were recorded later in the Old Testament.6.The Bible is a collection of religious writings comprising two parts: the Old Testament and theNew Testament.7.The old Testament consists of 39 books, the oldest and most important of which are first fivebooks, called Pentateuch.8.When the Hebrews left the desert and entered the mountainous Sinai, Moses climbed to thetop of the mountain to receive from God message, which came to be known as the Ten Commandments.9.Chronologically Amos is the earliest prophet in the Old Testament.10.In Babylon in the 6th century B.C., the Hebrews, now known as Jews, formed synagogues topractise their religion.II 选择题1.Which of the following is by far the most influential in the West?_______A. BuddismB. IslamismC. ChristianityD. Judaism2.The Old Testament consists of 39 books, the oldest and most important of which are the firstfive books, called __________.A. ExodusB. CommandmentsC. AmosD. Pentaeuch3.Which of the following is NOT the content of the Ten Commandments?_______A.Honour your father and your motherB.Do not commit suicideC.Do not desire your neighbour’s wifeD.Do not take the name of God in vain4.When in Babylon the Hebrews formed synagogues to practise their religion? ______A. in 169B.C. B. in the 4th centuryC. in 76 B.C.D. in the 6th centuryⅢ名词解释1.the Bible2.the Pentateuch3.Ten CommandmentsⅣ简答与问答1.What was the Hebrews major contribution to world civilization?2.Why do we say Judaism and Christianity are closely related?3.What are the Ten Commandments about?Rise of ChristianityⅠ填空题1.At the age of 30, Jesus received the baptism at the hands of John Baptist.2.Jesus spent most of his life in Galilee, where he apparently made a sensation.3.Jesus of Nazareth lived in Palestine during the reign of the first Roman Emperor Augustus.4.Jesus went with his disciples to Jerusalem for the Passover, but was betrayed by Juda.5.In 313 the Edict of Milan was issued by Constantine I and granted religious freedom to all andmade Christianity legal.6.In 392 A.D, Emperor Theodosius made Christianity the official religions of the empire andoutlawed all other religions.7.After Jesus died, St. Peter and St. Paul led the disciples of Jesus to spread gospel in theMediterranean regions.Ⅱ选择题1.After the _______ century Nestorianism reached China.A. sixthB. fifthC. secondD. third2.Which of the following emperors made Christianity the official religion of the empire andoutlawed all other religions? __________A. TheodosiusB. AugustusC. Constantine ID. Nero Caesar3.Which of the following emperors issued the Edict of Milan and made Christianity legal in 313?__________A. AugustusB. ThedosiusC. NeroD. Constantine I4.At the age of 30, Jesus Christ received the baptism at the hands of _________.A. St. PeterB. St. PaulC. John BaptistD. John WycliffⅢ名词解释1.The Edict of MilanⅣ简答与问答1.How did the relations between Christians and the Roman government change?The New TestamentⅠ填空题1.By 300 A.D. each local church was called a parish and had a full time leader known as priest.2.Towards the end of he fourth century four accounts were accepted as part of the NewTestament, which tells the beginning of Christianity.3.When as Jesus’ mother Mary was espoused to Joseph, before they came together, she wasfound with child of the Holy Ghost4.Jesus went with his disciples to Jerusalem for the Passover, but was betrayed by Juda andcaught at the Last Supper.Translations of the BibleⅠ填空题1.Except a few passages in the related Armaic dialect the Old Testament was originally writtenin Hebrew. And the New Testament was originally written in a popular form of Greek.2.The oldest extant Greek translation of the Old Testament is known as the Septuagint, asaccording the fictional letter of Aristeas, it was translated by 72 translators in 72 days.3.The most ancient extant Latin version of the whole Bible is the Vulgate edition, which wasdone in 384 –405 A.D. by St. Jerome in common people’s la nguage.4.The first English version of whole Bible was translated from the Latin Vulgate in 1382 andwas copied out by hand by the early group of reformers led by John Wycliff.5.The most important and influential of English Bible is the ―Authorized‖ or King James’version, first published in 1611.Ⅱ选择题1.By 1693, the whole of the Bible had been translated in _________languages.A. 228B. 974C. 1202D. 1542.The oldest extant Greek translation of the Old Testament is known as ________.A. the Latin VulgateB. the AristeasC. the ―Authorized‖D. the Septuagint3.When printing was invented in the 1500’s, the _______ Bible was the first complete workprinted.A. EnglishB. LatinC. AramaicD. Hebrew4.When did the standard American edition of the Revised Version appear? _______A. 1885B. 1611C. 1901D. 1979Division Three: The Middle AgesManor and ChurchⅠ填空题1.In European history, the thousand year period following the fall of the West Roman Empire inthe fifth century is called the Middle Ages.2.Between the fifth and eleventh centuries, West Europe was the scene of frequent wars andinvasions.3.The Middle Age is a period in which classical, Hebrew and Gothic heritage merged.4.Feudalism in Europe was mainly a system of land holding –a system of holding land inexchange for military service.5.In 732 Charles Martel, a Frankish ruler gave his soldiers estates known as fiefs as a reward fortheir service.6.The center of medieval life under feudalism was the manor.7.By the 12th century manor houses came to be called castle, which were made of stone anddesigned as fortress.8.As a knight, he was pledged to protect the weak, to fight for the church, to be loyal to his lordand to respect women of noble birth. These rules were known as code of chivalry, from which the western idea of good manners developed.9.In the medieval days a knight was trained for war by fighting each other in mock batterscalled tournaments.10.After 1054, the Church was divided into the Roman Catholic Church and the EasternOrthodox Church.11.The most important of all the leaders of Christian thought was Augustine of Hippo who livedin North Africa in the fifth century.12.Under feudalism, people of western Europe were mainly divided into three classes: clergy,lords and peasants.13.The Pope not only ruled Roman and parts of Italy as a king, he was also the head of allChristian churches in western Europe.14.In the Medieval times the Church set up a church court –the Inquisition to stamp outso-called heresy.15.One of the most important sacraments was Holy Communion, which was to remind peoplethat Christ had died to redeem man.16.To express their religious feelings, many people in the Middle Ages went on journeys tosacred places where early Christian leaders had lived. The most important of all was Jerusalem.17.With a return attack against the Moslems, the Western Christians launched a series of holywars called the Crusades.Ⅱ选择题1.In the later part of the 4th century, which of the following tribes swept into Europe fromcentral Asia, robbing and killing a large numbers of the half civilized Germanic tribes?________A. the MongoliansB. the HunsC. the TurkishD. the Syrians2.The Middle Ages is also called the _________.A. ―Age of Christianity‖B. ―Age of Literature‖C. ―Age of Holy Spirit‖D. ―Age of Faith‖3.According to the code of chivalry, which of the following is not pledged to do for a knight?_______A. To be loyal to his lordB. To fight for the churchC. To obey without question the orders of the abbotD. To respect women of noble birth4.In 732, who gave his soldiers estates known as fiefs as a reward for their service? _________A. Charles Martel, a Frankish rulerB. Charles I, a Turkish rulerC. Constantine I, a Frankish rulerD. St. Benedict, a Italian ruler5.When was the Church divided into the Roman Catholic Church and Eastern OrthodoxChurch?_________A. after 1066B. after 1296C. after 1054D. after 4766.Which of the following about the knight or noble in the Middle Ages in Western Europe isNOT true?____________A.Almost all nobles were knights in the Medieval days.B. A noble began his education as a page at the age of seven.C.As a knight, he was pledged to fight for the church.D.At about fourteen, the page became a knight.7.When was a noble crowned as a knight in the Middle Ages in Western Europe? _______A.At the age of 14.B.When he was taught to say his prayers, learned good manners and ran errands for theladies.C.At a special ceremony known as dubbing.D.When he was pledged to fight for the church.8.Which of the following is NOT true about what the monks must do before entering themonastery according to the Benedictine Rule?A.They had to attend service 6 times during the day and once at midnight.B.They could promise to give up all their possession before entering the monastery.C.They were expected to work 5 hours a day in the fields surrounding the monastery.D.They had to obey without question the orders of the abbot.9.Under feudalism, what were the three classes of people of western Europe?________A. clergy, knights and serfsB. Pope, bishop and peasantsC. clergy, lords and peasantsD. knights, nobles and serfs10.By which year the Moslems had taken over the last Christian stronghold and won the crusadesand ruled all the territory in Palestine that the crusaders had fought to control? ________A. 1270B. 1254C. 1096D. 1291Ⅲ名词解释1.the Middle Ages2.Manor3.Code of Chivalry4.Benedictine Rule5.the CrusadesⅣ简答与问答1.Who was Charles Martel?2.What was the difference between a serf and a free man?3.Into what three groups were people divided under feudalism?4.What happened in Western Europe after the decline of the Roman Empire?Learning and Science, Literature, Art and ArchitectureⅠ填空题1.Charlemagne, who temporarily restored order in western and central Europe, was perhaps themost important figure of the medieval period.2.Charlemagne w as crowed ―Emperor of the Romans‖ by the Pope in 800.3.The Summa Theologica by St. Thomas Aquinas forms an enormous system and sums up allthe knowledge of medieval theology.4.Roger Bacon was one of the earliest advocates of Scientific research and called for carefulobservation and experimentation.5.―National epic‖ refers to the epic written in vernacular languages – that is, the languages ofvarious national states that came into being in the Middle Ages.6.Beowulf is an Anglo-Sexon epic, in alliterative verse, originating from the collective efforts oforal literature.7.Dante Alighieri was the greatest poet of Italy, his masterpiece, The Divine Comedy, is one ofthe landmarks of world literature.8.Chaucer was a great English poet, The Canterbury Tales were his most popular work for theirpower of observation, piercing irony, sense of humor and warm humanity.9.Chaucer writers in dialect used by Londoners, and by the sheer weight and popularity of hiswritings he sets it firmly on the way towards Modern English.10.The style of architecture under Romanesque art is characterized by massiveness, solidity andmonumentality with all overall blocky appearance.11.The Gothic style started in France and quickly spread through all parts of western Europe.Ⅱ选择题1.Which of the follo wing was crowned ―Emperor of the Romans‖ by the Pope in 800? ______A. St. Thomas AquinasB. CharlemagneC. ConstantineD. King James2.Who was the ruler of the Anglo-Saxon kingdom of Wessex and contributed greatly to themedieval European culture? _________A. Charles IB. Constantine IC. Alfred the GreatD. Charles the Great3.Does Song of Roland belong to which country’s epic? _________A. EnglishB. GermanicC. HebrewD. French4.Who is the author of the Opus Maius? ________A. Roger BaconB. Dante AlighieriC. ChaucerD. St. Thomas AquinasⅢ名词解释1.Carolingian Renaissance2.Beowulf3.Song of Roland4.The Canterbury tales5.Romanesque6.GothicⅣ简答与问答1.What was the merit which Charlemagne and Alfred the Great share?Division IV: Renaissance and ReformationRenaissance in ItalyⅠ填空题1.Generally speaking, Renaissance refers to the period between the 14th and mid 17th century.2.Humanism is the essence of the Renaissance.3.In essence, Renaissance was a historical period in which the European humanist thinkers andscholars made attempts to get rid of conservatism in feudalist Europe and introduce new ideas that expressed the interests of bourgeoisie, to lift the restrictions in all areas placed by the Roman Church authorities.4.Renaissance started in Florence and Venice with the flowering of paintings, sculpture andarchitecture.5.Beginning from the 11th century, cities began to rise in central and north Italy.6.Decameron is a collection of 100 tales told by 7 young ladies and 3 younger gentlemen ontheir way to escape the Black Death of 1348.7.Petrach was best known for Canzoniers, a book of lyrical songs written in his Italian dialect.8.The Renaissance artists introduced in their works scientific theories of anatomy andperspective.9.The four representative artists of High Renaissance in Italy are Leonardo da Vinci,michelangelo, Raphael and Titian.10.Loenar do da Vinci’s major works: Last Supper is the most famous of religious pictures; MonaLisa probably is the world’s most famous portrait.11.Michelangelo created a style of art in which he freed himself from the old tradition ofdecoration on the one hand and documentary realism on the other.12.Titian’s painting is acknowledged to have established oil colour on canvas as the typicalmedium of the pictorial tradition in western art.13.In world trade, Italy had lost its supremacy because of the discovery of America in 1492 andthe rounding of the Cape of Good Hope in 1488, the opening of an all-water route to India which provided a cheaper means of transport.14.Petrach is looked up as the father of modern poetry.15.Italy is regarded as the birthplace of the Renaissance.Ⅱ选择题1.Where did the Renaissance start with the flowering of paintings, sculpture and architecture?_______A. in Greece and RomeB. in Florence and VeniceC. in Milan and FlorenceD. in Italy and Germany2.When did the Renaissance reach its height with its center moving to Milan, then to Rome, andcreated High Renaissance? ___________A. in the 11th centuryB. in the 15th centuryC. in the 16th centuryD. in the 17th century3.Which of the following works is written by Boccaccio? _______A. DecameronB. CanzoniersC. DavidD. Moses4.Who is the author of the painting, Betrayal of Judas? ________A. GiottoB. BrunelleschiC. DonatelloD. Giorgione5.Which of the following High Renaissance artists is the father of the modern mode of painting?_______A. RaphaelB. TitianC. da VinciD. Michelangelo6.Which of the following High Renaissance artists was best known for his Madona (VirginMary)?A. TitianB. da VinciC. MichelangeloD. Raphael7.Which of the following paintings was based on the story in the Bible with Maria riding on adonkey ready to face the hardship ahead? ________A. TempestaB. Sacred and Profane LoveC. Flight into EgyptD. The Return of the HuntersⅢ名词解释1.Renaissance2.DecameronⅣ简答与问答1.What made Italy the birthplace of the Renaissance?2.What are the main elements of humanism? How are these elements reflected in art andliterature during the Italian Renaissance?3.How did Italian Renaissance art and architecture break away from medieval tradition?4.In what way was Leonardo da Vinci important during the Renaissance?Reformation and Counter-ReformationⅠ填空题1.The Reformation led by Martin Luther which swept over the whole of Europe was aimed atopposing the absolute authority of the Roman Catholic Church and replacing it with the absolute authority of the Bible.2.Martin Luther was the German leader of the Protestant Reformation. His doctrine marked thefirst break in the unity of the Catholic Church.3.When the Pope refused to recognized Henry’s marriage with Anne Boleyn, British Parliament,in 1534, passed the Act of Supremacy which marked the formal break of the British with the Papal authorities.4.Ignatius and his followers called themselves the Jesuits, members of the Society of Jesus.5.John Calvin put his theological thoughts in his Institutes of the Christian Religion, which wasconsidered one of the most influential theological works of all times.Ⅱ选择题1.Who took up the translation of the Bible into English for the first time? ________A. Jan HusB. John WyliffC. Martin LutherD. John Calvin2.Who is the author Institutes of the Christian Religion?A. John WycliffB. Jan HusC. John CalvinD.Erasmus3.In whose reign did the formal break of the British with the papal authorities take place?____A. Elizabeth IB. William IC. Edward IIID. Henry VIII4.After the formal break of the British with the papal authorities, who was the head of the church? _______A. KingB. PopeC. BishopD. QueenⅢ名词解释1.Calvinism2.the Council of Trent3.Counter-ReformationⅣ简答与问答1.What are the doctrines of Martin Luther?2.What was the significance of the Reformation in European civilization?Renaissance in other CountriesⅠ填空题1.The Protestant group in France was known as the Huguenots whose rivalry with the CatholicChurch led to the wars of religion from 1562 to 1598.2.In 1492 the Moors that had ruled Spain for four centuries were driven out from their laststronghold.3.In 1492 Columbus discovered American and claimed America for Spain.4.The author of Don Quixote is Cervantes.5.Albrecht Dürer was the leader of the Renaissance in Germany. His engravings areunsurpassed and his paintings of animals and plants are exceedingly sensitive.6.Under the reign of Elizabeth I, England began to embark on the road to colonization andforeign control that was to take it onto its heyday of capitalist development.7.Thomas More was a great humanist during the Renaissance. Among his writings the bestknown is Utopia.8.Cervantes crowned literature of Spain and Shakespeare of England during the Renaissance.Ⅱ选择题1.Which of the following works was written by Rabelais, in which he praises the greatness ofman, expresses his love of love and his reverence and sympathy for humanist learning?_______A.Gargantua and PantagruelB. Don QuixoteC. The Praise of FollyD. Utopia2.Whose motto put down in his essays ―What do Know‖ is world famous?________A. CervantesB. RabelaisC. MontaigneD. Shakespeare3.Which of the following works is worth reading for Montaigne’s humanist ideas and a stylewhich is easy and familiar? ________A. SonnetsB. DecameronC. RabelaisD. Of Repentance4.Which of the following is NOT French writer poet? _______A. CervantesB. Pierre de RonsardC. RabelaisD. Montaigne5.In 1516 who published the first Greek edition of the New Testament?_________A. BruegelB. ErasmusC. El GrecoD. Rabelais6.―To be, or not to be, -- that is the question ‖ from whose works? _______A. ChaucerB. DanteC. Roger BaconD. ShakespeareⅢ简答与问答1.Why did England come later than other countries during the Renaissance? In what way wasEnglish Renaissance different from that of other countries? Who were the major figures and what were their contributions?Science and Technology during the RenaissanceⅠ填空题1.The Renaissance was the golden age of geographical discoveries: by the year of 1600 thesurface of the known earth was doubled.。

欧洲文化入门试题及答案

I. Choose the most appropriate one for the following blanks.1.Two major elements in European culture are ______ .A. the Greek and RomanB. the Judaism and ChristianityC. the Greco-RomanD. A and B2.deals with the Trojan War (the Greek states led by Agamemnon in their war against the cityof Troy).A. The OdysseyB. The IliadC. Prometheus BoundD. Persians3.The play Prometheus Bound was written by.A. AeschylusB. AristophanesC. EuripidesD. Sophocles4.The best writer of comedy of the ancient Greece was, who is Father of Comedy.A. EuripidesB. AristophanesC. SophoclesD.Aeschylus5.was one of the earliest exponents of the atomic theory.A. HomeB. HeracleitueC. DemocritusD. Socrates6,by Plato is a book about the ideal state ruled by a philosopher but barring poets.A. DialoguesB. The ApologyC. The RepublicD. Symposium7.Dante called ___ " the master of those who know”.A, Aristotle B. Plato C. Socrates D. Archimedes8.Euclid is even now well-known for his.A. ElementsB. PoeticsC. EthicsD. Politics9.has been a big subject for discussion among writers and artists.A, Discus Thrower B, Venus de MiloC, Laocoon group D, Parthenon10.Herodotus , Father of History, wrote about the war between.A. Athens and SpartaB. Athens and SyracuseC. Athens and PersiansD. Greeks and Persians11.It is who was the founder of scientific mathematics.A. HeracleitusB. AristotleC. SocratesD. Pythagorastook supreme power as emperor with the title of in 27 B. C..Rome B. Augustus C. The Roman Empire D. Pax Romana13.The great epic, The Aeneid, was written by.A. LucretiusB. VirgilC. Julius CaesarD. Cicero14.The oldest and most important of the Old Testament of 39 books are the first five books, calledA. DeuteronomyB. ExodusC. the PentateuchD. Genesis15.In ____ the Jews were carried away into the Babylonian CaPtiVity(巴比伦之囚).A. 169B.C. B. 586 B. C. C. 536 B. C. D, 721 .16.The most important and influential of English Bible is, first published in 1611.A. The SeptuagintB. The VulgateC. Wycliff,s versionD. Authorized version17.is the oldest extant Greek translation of the Old Testament.A. The SeptuagintB. The VulgateC. Wycliff,s versionD. Authorized version18.It is generally accepted that and Shakespeare are two great reserviors of Modern English.A. the BibleB. the English BibleC. the New TestamentD. the Old Testament19.The Middle Ages is a period in which,and Gothic heritages merged.A. Greco-Roman, ChristianityB. classical, ChristianC. Greek, RomanD. classical, Hebrew20.The centre of medieval life under feudalism was.A. knighthoodB. the manorC. the ChurchD. polis21.In 1054, the Christian Church was divided into _______ a nd the Eastern Orthodox Church.A. ChristianityB. the Roman ChurchC. the Roman Catholic ChurchD. the Western Catholic22.by Aquinas forms an enormous system and sums up all the knowledge of medieval theology.A. Summa TheologicaB. Summa Contra GentilesC. Opus maiusD. Beowulf23.The Anglo-Saxon epic ______ originated from the collective effort of oral literature.A. Song of RolandB. the Anglo-Saxon Chronicles.C. BeowulfD. the Divine Comedy24.Generally speaking. Renaissance refers to the period between.A. the 13th and 15th centuriesB. the 14th and mid-17th centuryC. the 15th and 16th centuriesD. the 14th and 16th centuries25.is the essence of the Renaissance.The revival of interest in ancient Greek and Roman cultureAttempts to get rid of conservatismThe flowering of paintings, sculpture and architectureHumanism26.Fracesco Petrarch, the author of____ , is known as Father of Humanism.A. the DecameronC. DavidD. Sleeping Venus27.After Reformation,came into being.A. ChristianityB. CalvinismC. LutheranismD. Protestantism28.Which was NOT true about DurerA, The leader of the Renaissance in Germany B, A master of woodcutC, Never being to Italy D, A follower of Martin Luther29.Father of modern astronomy is.A. Da VinciB. Amerigo VespucciC. Nicolaus CopernicusD. Marchiavelli30.Vasari was best known for his entertaining biographies of.A. FabricaB. PrinceC. the Divine ComedyD. Lives of the Artists31.1,theories have given rise to important developments of modem science, ranging from Freudian psychology to Einsteinian physics.A. Galileo GalileiB. Gottfried Wilhelm von LeibnizC. Sir Isaac NewtonD. Johannes Kepler32.In the first, Locke flatly rejected the theory of divine right of kings.A.the Advancement of LearningB. the New AtlantisC.Essay Concerning human UnderstandingD.Treatise of Civil Government33.Thomas Hobbes,s is one of the most celebrated political treatises in European literature.A.LeviathanB. the Advancement of LearningC.Essay Concerning human UnderstandingD.Treatise of Civil Government34.The theme of is the fall of men.A. New MethodB. Treatise of Civil GovernmentC. Essay Concerning human UnderstandingD. Paradise Lost35.was the best representative dramatist of French classical comedies.A. CorneilleB. RacineC. MoliereD. Descartes36.Which of the following artists helped to gring the Roman Baroque style to its climaxA. RubensB. BerniniC. BorrominiD. Caravaggio37.Whose doctrines of the separation of powers became one of the most important principles of theA. John LockeB. RousseauC. VoltaireD. Montesquieu38.In which of Diderofs works, the author developed his materialist philosophy and fore-shadowed the doctrine of evolutions as later proposed by Charles DarwinA. Philosophical ThoughtsB. Rameau,s NephewC. Elements of PhysiologyD. Encyclopedie39.1,novelist, is often called the founder of English domestic novel.A. Walter ScottB. Henry FieldingC. Samuel JohnsonD. Samuel Richardson40.Which of the Lessing,s works was a landmark in the 18th-century German dramaA. Minna Von BarnhelmB. LaocoonC. Hamburgische DramaturgicD. Nathan the Wise41.In, Goethe draws on a immense variety of cultural material. It is not only his own masterpiece but the greatest work of German literature.A. the Sorrow of Young WertherB. FaustC. Wilhelm Meister,s TravelsD. Poetry and Truth42.Among Schiller,s works,was a play best known to the Chinese audience.A. The RobbersB. WallensteinC. Cabal and LoveD. Wilhelm Tell43.Kant,s years of his philosophical studies are Crystalized in three difficult books; among them ,was the most important single book by any modern pholosopher.General History of Nature and Theory of the HeavensCritique of Practical ReasonC. Critiquue of JudgementD. Critique of Pure Reason44.It has been said that tς the world had waited centuries for and he was only to remain herea moment”.A. BeethovenB. HaydnC. MozartD. Bach45.Which of the following writers or poets is usually called the father of European historical novelA. GoetheB. Victor HugoC. Daniel DefoeD. Walter Scott46.In 1798,, a volume of poems by Wordsworth and Coleridge, made literary history.A. Songs of ExperienceB. Lyrical BalladsC. Isles of GreeceD. Ode to the West Wind47.Which of the following Romantic writers ever fought for women ,s freedom in love and marriageA. George SandB. Victor HugoC. Daniel DefoeD. Henry Fielding48.StOOd in the van of the Romantic movement in Russia,is generally recognized as his masterpiece.A. Lermontov, A Hero of Our TimeB. Pushkin, Luslan and LiudmilaC. Pushkin, Boris GodunovD. Pushkin, Eugene Onegin49.The publication of Mickiewicz,s is uaually taken as the beginning of Romanticism inPolish literature.A. Sonnets from the CrimeaB. Konrad WallenrodC. Ballads and RamancesD. Pan Tadeusz50.Beethoven,s is a choral symphony, choosing as a text for the finale Shiller,s Ode to Joy.A. Symphony No. 3B. Symphony No. 5C. Symphony No. 6D. Symphony No. 951.sought to revolutionize the opera by making it a combination of the arts: dramatic, musical, and scenic.A. BerliozB. ChopinC. WagnerD. Verdi52.Based on, Marx and Engels developed their own dialectical materialism.the German classical philosophy B. the English classical political economythe Utopian Socialism D. the Manifesto of the Communist Party53.Just as Darwin discovered the law of development of, so Marx discovered the law of development of.the survival of the fittest, the communist partythe natural selection, the scientific socialismorganic nature, human historyD. natural species, historical societies54.In 1858 Darwin received a letter from, who, working independently, also came to the conclusion concerning the origin of the species by means of natural selection.A. John Stevens HenslowB. Charles LyellC. Thomas HuxleyD. Alfred Russel Wallace55.Zola defined the theory of and illustrated it in his great work entitled.naturalism, Les Rougen-Macquarts B. naturalism, Madame BovaryC. realism, the Human ComedyD. realism, the Charterhouse of Parma56.was the first master of fiction in Russia to leave romantic conventions and go to life for his subjects.A. Nikolai GogolB. Ivan Sergeyevich TurgenevC. Fyodor DostoyevskyD. Count Leo Tolstoy57.holds an important position in his own country's cultural history as an ethical philosopher and religious reformer.A. Nikolai GogolB. Ivan Sergeyevich TurgenevC. Fyodor DostoyevskyD. Count Leo Tolstoy58.Among Ibsen,s masterpieces,is a plea for the emancipation of women.A. GhostsB. A DolΓs HouseC. the Wild DuckD. Hedda Gabler59.Among Charles Dickens,s works,has the most intricate, complicated plot.A. Oliver TwistB. Hard TimesC. David CopperfieldD. Bleak House60.1,George Eliofs masterpiece, is regarded by some critics as the finest English novel of the 19th century.A. MiddlemarchB. The Mill on the FlossC. Adam BedeD. Silas Marner61.The term “impressionism“ was taken directly from the title of Impressionism: Sunrise (1872).A. Renoir,sB. Pissarro,sC. Manet,sD. Monet,s62.was particularly good at doing portraits of ballet dancers in opera houses.A. RenoirB. DegasC. MonetD. Pissarro63. reacted against impressionism by using color to suggest his own emoyion and temperament.A. Paul CezanneB. Paul GauguinC. Vincent van GoghD. Auguste Rodin64.In Freudian system,is the container of the instrinctual urges.A. IdB. EgoC. SuperegoD. Oedipus Comlex65.. Eliofs long poem is his major Contibution to English poetry.the Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock B. Four QuartetsC. the Waste LandD. imagism66.by James Joyce is considered his most mature work and the single best fiction ever written since the beginning of the 20th century.A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man B. DublinersC. Finnegans WakeD. Ulysses67.The term “ Angry Young Man” came to be widely used only after the publication of playLook Back in Anger (1956).A. John Osbome,sB. Kingsley Amis,sC. Allen Ginsberg,sD. Jack Kerouac,s68.poem Howl, written in 1956, was regardedas an important development in American poetry.A. John Osbome,sB. Kingsley Amis,sC. Allen Ginsberg,sD. Jack Kerouac,s69.is known as the first44 cubisf, novel: in his novels, one finds a precise, neutral description of things, registered with a camera,s eye.A. Samuel BeckettB. Nathalie SarrauteC. Jean-Paul SartreD. Alain Robbe-Grillet70.masterpiece was a play called Waiting for Godot (1952), which was rememdered as one of the mostfamous Absurd Drama. A. Nathalie Sarraute*s B. Samuel Beckett ,sC. Jean-Paul Sartre ,sD. Alain Robbe-Grillefs ∏. Match the names ofColumn A with the appropriate items of Column B.Column Ba. the founder of the inductive methodb. Don Giovannic. one of the earliest exponents of the atomic theoryd. a universal geniuse. The Execution of the Third of Mayf. Eugene Oneging. the Oedipus complexh. The Aeneidi. Fabricaj. Prometheus Unbound k. Critique of Pure Reasonl.The Revolution of the Heavenly Orbs m. Encyclopedie n. the first to use the term Renaissanceo. Institutes of the Christian Religion p. the supreme figure in scholasticismq. The Betrothed r. The Social Contract s. Phaedrat. the founder of analytical geometry (b) Ten Commandments(c ) the Cantos ](d) Elements (e) Moll Flanders (f) Last Supper(g)The Waste Land(h) Paradise Lost(i)The Marriage of Figaro (j) the Starry Messenger(a) author of "The Red and the Black" (b) Polish astronomer(c)Emperor of the Romans(d) Dutch Baroque painter(e)author of the painting of MadonnaColumn A 1. Sophocles 2. Democritus 3. Virgil4. Thomas Aquinas5. Da Vinci6. John Calvin7. Andreas Vesalius8. Giorgio Vasari9. Goya10. Percy Bysshe Shelley 11. Alessandro Manzoni 12. Aleksander Pushkin 13. Immanuel Kant 14. Jean-Jacques Rousseau 15. Rene Descartes 16. Francis Bacon 17. Nicolaus Copemicus 18. Jean Racin 19. Diderot20. Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart 21. Euclid [ ] (a) Eugene Onegin 22. da Vinci [] 23. Galileo [] 1.1. Eliot [ 25. Milton [ 26. Defoe [ J 27. Pushkin [] 28. Mozart [] 29. Moses []( 30. Ezra Pound [] 21. Charlemagne [] 22. Raphael I ] 23. Virgil I ] 24. Copernicus [] 25. Cromwell [](f) Latin poetg) author of the poem "London" (h) Ulysses(i) leader of the English revolution(j) composer of Messiah(a) the Society of Jesus(b) Socialism : Utopian and Scientific (c) Dialogues (d) the mazurkas(e)The Counterfeiters(f) Faust(g) the Divine Comedy(h) the Advancement of Learning(i) Ulysses(j)Prometheus Unbound1. Which of the following is not true about AristotleA. In Aristotle the great humanist and the great man of science meet.B. Aristotle founded the school of the Stoics.C. Aristotle was tutor of Alexander.D. Aristotle wrote many books on logic, politics, poetry, rhetoric and other subjects. 2. Which of the following statements is true about the Roman EmpireA. The Roman Empire had never been divided.B. The Roman Empire was divided into East and West in 395 A. D.C. The Roman Empire was later called Byzantium.D. The Roman Empire was conquered by the Turks in the 15th century. 3. The Bible has been regarded as. A. a religious book B. literature C. record of great minds D. 'all of the above 4. The Catholic Church should be characterized as.A. a loosely organized religious institutionB. a highly centralized European organizationC. a highly centralized and disciplined international organizationD. a highly centralized and disciplined western organization. 5. The Crusades were wars between.A. the Arabs and the Christian PilgrimsB. the Turks and the Christians in Western EuropeC. the Christians in Western Europe and the MoslemsD. the Arabs and the Turks6. St. Thomas Aquinas defended in his works.A. feudal hierarchy of societyB. divine power of feudal rulersC. the Pope* s supremacy over secular rulersD. all of the above 7. The motto Montaigne put down in the essays was.A. What do I knowB. I doubt therefore I think.C. Give me a place to stand, and I will move the world.D. Only to stand out of my light.8. Vasco da Gama was a Portuguese navigator who. A. discovered the Cape of Good Hope26. Rembrandt [] 27. Handel [] 28. William Blake [ J 29. Stendhal [] 30. James Joyce [] 21. Plato [J 22. Dante [] 23. Ignatius [ ∣ 24. Bacon [] 25. Engels [] 26. James Joyce [] 27. Shelley [] 28. Goethe [] 29. Chopin [] 30. Andre Gide []B.discovered the route to India round the Cape of Good HopeC.explored the mouth of the AmazonD.was the first to visit Cuba and Haiti9.Which of the following laws was discovered by NewtonA. Law of inertia.B. Law of faking bodies.C. Law of relativity.D. Law of universal gravitation.10.In Locke's political philosophy, the chief reason for the institution of civil government wasA. the protection of private propertyB. the upholding of free thinkingC. the abolishment of the rule of the churchD. regulation of economy11.Which of the following is" not true about the developments of the Industrial RevolutionA.The substitution of water power for human power.B.The introduction of machine.C.The beginning of the factory system.D.The growth of modem capitalism and the working class.12."Man is born free, and everywhere he is in chains. "This is a remark made by.A. VoltaireB. RousseauC. DiderotD. Moliere13.In the works of can see the spirit of the Age of Reason.A. HandelB. HaydnC. BachD. Mozart14.The poem of Byron's that was translated into Chinese at the turn of the 20th centuryA. Don JuanB. Defence of PoetryC. Ode to a NightingaleD. Isles of Greece15.Throughout his his, Beethoven struggled to pass on through his music.A. the spirit of the French RevolutionB. the spirit of Byronic heroesC.ideas of a moral natureD. the praise of natural beauty3.1.is considered to be the poet of the piano.A. MozartB. ChopinD.Schumann17.Which of the following works was not written by Charles DickensA. A Tale of Two Cities.B. The Mayor of Casterbridge.C. David Copperfield.D. Pickwick Papers.18.The author of the short story The Necklace was.A. O' HenryB. Jack LondonC. Mark TwainD. Maupassant19."The apparition of these faces in the crowd/Petals on a wet, black bough. "The author of these lines was.A. William FaulknerB. Ezra PoundC. T. S. EHotD. William Butler Yeats20.regarded as the greatest Russian literary figure of the 20th century.A. ShoIokhovB. TolstoyC. ChekhovD. Gorky第二部分非选择题In the following part there are two columns. The left hand column consists of a list of names. The right hand column consists of a list of rifles, names of organizations or works. Match each name in the left handcolumn with corresponding title or organization or work in the right hand column and put the number a or b or c etc. in the bracket on the answer sheet. ( 10 points, 1 point each)21. Augustine ( ) (a) To the Lighthouse22. Aristotle ( ) (b) Ethics23. Shakespeare ( ) (c) Kubla Khan24. Mark Twain ( ) (d)A Hero of Our Time25. Titian ( ) (e) OtheIIo26, Virginia Woolf ( ) (f) Meditations27. Newton ( ) (g) The Confession28. CoIeridge ( ) (h) the Venus of Urbino29. Lermontov ( ) (i) Life on, the Mississippi30. Descartes ( ) (j ) Mathematical Principles PhilosohyGive a one-sentence answer to each Of the following questions. Write your answer in the corresponding space on the answer sheet. ( 20 points ,2 points each )31.What are the three styles in Greek architecture32.What was Marcus Cicero noted for33.What is the importance of the Middle Ages in terms of development of culture34.Why was Jan Hus condemned to be burnt at stake35.What is the theory put forward by Copemicus in his work "The Revolution of the Heavenly Orbs"36.What is Montesquieu's redefinition of law参考答案L 2. B 3. D 4. C 5. C 6. D 7. A 8. B 9. D 10. A 12. B 13.C 14. D 15.C 16. B17. E 18. D 19. B 20. D22. b 23. e 24. i 25. h 26;a 27. j 28. e 29. d 30, fm. 31. Greek architecture can be grouped into three styles: the Doric style (or the masculine style), the Ionic style(or the feminine style),and the Corinthian style.32.Marcus Cicero was noted for his oratory and fine writing style.33.The fusion and blending of different ideas and practices in the Middle ages paved the way for the development of what iv the present-day European culture.34.Because Jan Hus attacked the abases of the church in his sermons and writings.35.The theory put forward by Copernicus is that the sun, not the earth is the centre of the universe.36.Montesquieu redefined law as the necessary relationships which derive from the nature of things. Write between 100 - 120 words on the following topic in the corresponding space on the answer sheet. (10 points)45. What are the distinctive features of Renaissance art45. The Renaissance art has the following distinctive features:(1) Art broke away from the domination of the church. Artists who used to be craftsmen commissioned by the church to paint the design became a separate strata like writers and poets doing noble and creative work.(2)Themes of paintings changed from purely celestial realm focusing on the stories of the Bible ,of God Jesus and Mary to an appreciation of all aspects of nature and man. Even when the themes remained celestial, the heroes were given human qualities and given strong muscles and sinews Of man.(3)The artists studied the ruins of Roman and Greek temples and put many of the principles of ancient civilization into their works. They began to be supported by individual collectors.(4)Artists introduced in their works scientific theories of anatomy and perspective.。

欧洲文化常识测试英语题型

《欧洲文化入门》复习题（一）Division One: Greek Culture and Roman Culture Greek Culture I.填空these elements of these elements are two of to be be considered to are considered elements, two culture is many elements, 1.European is made European culture of many up of made up more enduring and they are the Greco-Roman element and the Judeo-Christian element. th century. 2.Greek culture reached a high point of development in the 5th century B. C., all Greece was brought under the rule of Alexander, 3.In the second half of the 4king of Macedon. 4.In 146 B. C. the Romans conquered Greece. th century. 5.Greek culture reached a high point of development in the 5become the world’s foremost amateur sports sports have become foremost amateur the world’s Revived in 6.Revived in 18961896, , the Olympic Games the Olympic Games have competition. 7.Ancient Greeks considered Homer to be the author of their epics. southern mainland the southern mainland of Greece, led of the led by of Greece, by with the deals with 8.The Iliad deals the alliance alliance of the states of the states of Agamemnon in their war against the city of Troy. war to Trojan war the Trojan to his his home, island of home, island of after the deals with 9.The Odyssey deals with the the return of Odysseus return of Odysseus after Ithaca. 10.Of the many lyric poets of ancient Greece, two are still admired by readers today: Sappho and Pindar. 11.Sappho was considered the most important lyric poet of ancient Greece. 12.Pindar is best known for his odes celebrating the victories at the athletic games, such as the 14 Olympic odes. 13.The three great tragic dramatists of ancient Greece are Aeschylus, Sophocles, and Euripides. Prometheus Bound, Persians and Agamemnon. 14.Aeschylus wrote such plays as Antigone. Oedipus the King, , Electra, and A ntigone15.Sophocles wrote such tragic plays as such plays plays as and Trojan in such as Andromache, Medea, , and mainly about 16.Euripides Euripides wrote wrote mainly women in about women W omen. th century B. C.. Its best writer was Aristophanes, who has edy also flourished in the 5left eleven plays, including Frogs, Clouds, Wasps and Birds. tween Greeks and 18.Herodotus is often called ―Father of Historyǁ. He wrote about the wars bePersians. 19.Thucydides described the war between Athens and Sparta and between Athens and Syracuse, a Greek state on the Island of Sicily. 20.Pythagoras was a bold thinker who had the idea that all things were numbers. 21.Pythagoras was the founder of scientific mathematics. 22.Heracleitue believed fire to the primary element of the universe, out of which everything else had arisen. 23.The greatest names in European philosophy are Socrates, Plato and Aristotle. 24.Democritus was one of the earliest philosophical materialists and speculated about the atomic structure of matter. 25.In the 4th century B. C., four schools of philosophers often argued with each other, they are the Cynics, the Sceptics, the Epicureans, and the Stoics. Elements, a textbook of geometry. 26.Euclid is well-known for his 27.To illustrate the principle of the level, Archimedes is said to have told the king: ―Give me a place to stand, and I will move the world.ǁ28.Greek architecture can be grouped into three styles: the Doric style which is also called the masculine style; the Ionic style which is also called the feminine style; and a later style that is called the Corinthian style. 29.The Acropolis at Athens and the Parthenon are the finest monument of Greek architecture and sculpture in more than 2000 years. 30.In the 2020th century, In the Irishman James James Joyce’s modernist Joyce’s modernist the Irishman are Homeric century, there there are Homeric parallels parallels in in the masterpiece Ulysses. II.选择th century B. C.? 1.Which culture reached a high point of development in the 5A.Greek Culture B.Roman Culture C.Egyptian Culture D.Chinese Culture 2.In ___________ the Roman conquered Greece. A.1200 B. C. B.700 B. C. C.146 B. C. D.The 5th century 3.Which of the following works described the war led by Agamemnon against the city of Troy? A.Oedipus the King B.Iliad C.Odyssey D.Antigone 4.Which of the following is NOT the plays written by Aeschylus? A.Antigone B.Agamemnon C.Persians D.Prometheus Bound 5.Which of the following is NOT the plays written by Sophocles? A.Electra B.Antigone C.Trojan Woman D.Oedipus the King 6.Which of the following is the play written by Euripides? A.Antigone B.PersiansC.ElectraD.Medea7.Which of the following is NOT the greatest tragic dramatist of ancient Greece? A.Aristophanes B.Euripides C.Sophocles D.Aeschylus 8.Who ever said that ―You can not step twice into the same riverǁ?A.Pythagoras B.Heracleitus C.Aristotle 9.Who was the founder of scientific mathematics? A.Heracleitus B.Aristotle C.Socrates D.Pythagoras the measure of all thingsǁ?10.Who is chiefly noted for his doctrine that ―man isA.Protagoras B.Pythagoras C.Pyrrhon D.Epicurus III.名词解释1.Aeschylus 2.Plato 3.The Cynics IV.简答与问答1.What are the major elements in European culture? 2.What were the main features of ancient Greek society? 3.Who were the outstanding dramatists of ancient Greece? What important plays did each of them write? lato’s ideas. Why do people call him an idealist?4.Tell some of P l ato’s ideas. Why do people call him an idealist?5.Give some examples to show the enormous influence of Greek culture on English literature. Roman Culture I. 填空conquest of C. marked marked Roman of Greece, Greece, which then was then which was Roman conquest burning of The burning 1.The of Corinth Corinth in 146 B. in 146 B. C. reduced to a province of the Roman Empire. 2.The Roman writer Horace said: ―Captive Greece took her rude conqueror captiveǁ.3.In 27 B. C. Octavius took supreme power as emperor with the title of Augustus. lasting two peace lasting two hundred years, a a remarkable remarkable of peace hundred years, 4.The period of The Romans Romans enjoyed long period enjoyed a a long phenomenon in history known as the Pax Romana. the 44th century, 5.In In the from Rome Rome to to Byzantium, Byzantium, capital from emperor Constantine the capital the emperor century, the Constantine moved moved the renamed it Constantinople ( modern Istanbul ). 6.In 476 the last emperor of the west was deposed by the Coths and marked the end of the West Roman Empire. 7.The East Roman Empire collapsed when Constantinople fell to the Turks in 1453. 8.Julius Caesar recorded what he did and saw in the various military campaigns he took part in and these writings, collected in his Commentaries, are models of succinct Latin. Aeneid. 9.Virgil was the greatest of Latin poets and wrote the great epic, the 10.The Pantheon is the greatest and the best preserved Roman temple, which was built in 27 B. C. And reconstructed in the 2th century A. D.. 11.She-wolf is the statue which illustrates the legend of creation of Roman. II.选择1.Who wrote, ―I came, I saw, I conqueredǁ?A.Horace B.Julius Caesar C.Virgil D.Marcus Tullius Cicero On the Nature of things is ___________. 2.The author of the philosophical poem A.Virgil B.Julius Caesar C.Horace D.Lucretius 3.Which of the following is not Roman architecture? A.The Colosseum B.The Panthenon C.The Parthenon D.Pont du Gard 4.Who wrote, ―Captive Greece took her rude conqueror captiveǁ?A.Sappho B.Plato C.Virgil D.Horace III.名词解释1.Julius Caesar 2.The Pax Romana IV.简答与问答the Greeks? And what what was with the Greeks? And common with the chief difference was the chief What did have in common did the 1.What Romans have in the Romans between them? 2.What is the book for which Virgil has been famous throughout the centuries? In what way is the book linked with the Greek past? 3.Why do we say Aeneas is a truly tragic hero? Division Two: The Bible and Christianity The Old Testament Ⅰ填空题is by worship, Christianity by far Christianity is to worship, most the most far the all the the religions Among all 1.Among seek to religions by people seek which people by which influential in the West. 2. Both Judaism and Christianity originated in Palestine the hub of migration and trade routes, which led to exchange of ideas over wide areas. 3. Some 3800 years ago the ancestors of the Jews – the Hebrews – wandered through the deserts of the Middle East. 4. About 1300 B.C., the Hebrews came to settle in Palestine, known as Canaan at that time, and formed small kingdoms. 5. The king of the Hebrews was handed down orally from one generation to another in the form of folktales and stories, which were recorded later in the Old Testament . . 6. The Bible is a collection of religious writings comprising two parts: the Old Testament and the and the New Testament. 7. The old Testament consists of 39 books, the oldest and most important of which are first five books, called Pentateuch. 8. When the Hebrews left the desert and entered the mountainous Sinai, Moses climbed to the top top of of the the mountain mountain to to receive receive from from God God message, message, which which came came to to be be known known as as the the Ten Ten Commandments. 9. Chronologically Amos is the earliest prophet in the Old Testament. 10. In Babylon in the 6th century B.C., the Hebrews, now known as Jews, formed synagogues to practise their religion. II 选择题1. Which of the following is by far the most influential in the West?_______ A. Buddism B. Islamism C. Christianity D. Judaism 2. The Old Testament consists of 39 books, the oldest and most important of which are the first five books, called __________. A. Exodus B. Commandments C. Amos D. Pentaeuch3. Which of the following is NOT the content of the Ten Commandments?_______ A. Honour your father and your mother B. Do not commit suicide C. Do not desire your neighbour’s wifeD. Do not take the name of God in vain 4. When in Babylon the Hebrews formed synagogues to practise their religion? ______ A. in 169 B.C. B. in the 4th century C. in 76 B.C. D. in the 6th centuryⅢ 名词解释1. the Bible 2. the Pentateuch 3. Ten Commandments Ⅳ 简答与问答1. What was the Hebrews major contribution to world civilization? 2. Why do we say Judaism and Christianity are closely related? 3. What are the Ten Commandments about? Rise of Christianity Ⅰ填空题1.At the age of 30, Jesus received the baptism at the hands of John Baptist. 2.Jesus spent most of his life in Galilee, where he apparently made a sensation. 3.Jesus of Nazareth lived in Palestine during the reign of the first Roman Emperor Augustus. 4.Jesus went with his disciples to Jerusalem for the Passover, but was betrayed by Juda. 5.In 313 the Edict of Milan was issued by Constantine I and granted religious freedom to all and made Christianity legal. 6.In 392 A.D, Emperor Theodosius made Christianity the official religions of the empire and outlawed all other religions. of Jesus disciples of the disciples Jesus to to spread in the gospel in spread gospel led the the Jesus died, After Jesus 7.After died, St. St. Peter St. Paul and St. Peter and Paul led Mediterranean regions. Ⅱ选择题1.After the _______ century Nestorianism reached China. A. sixth B. fifth C. second D. third the official religion of official religion empire and and the empire of the emperors made Which of 2.Which of the the following made Christianity following emperors Christianity the outlawed all other religions? __________ A. Theodosius B. Augustus C. Constantine I D. Nero Caesar 3.Which of the following emperors issued the Edict of Milan and made Christianity legal in 313? __________ A. Augustus B. Thedosius C. Nero D. Constantine I4.At the age of 30, Jesus Christ received the baptism at the hands of _________. A. St. Peter B. St. Paul C. John Baptist D. John Wycliff Ⅲ名词解释1.The Edict of Milan Ⅳ简答与问答1.How did the relations between Christians and the Roman government change? The New Testament Ⅰ填空题1.By 300 A.D. each local church was called a parish and had a full time leader known as priest. accepted as as part accounts were of the New the New four accounts part of were accepted the end Towards the century four end of 2.Towards fourth century he fourth of he Testament, which tells the beginning of Christianity. before they they came Joseph, before she was was together, she came together, to Joseph, as Jesus’ When as 3.When Jesus’ mother mother Mary was espoused Mary was espoused to found with child of the Holy Ghost the Passover, but was Passover, but was betrayed betrayed by Juda and by Juda and disciples to for the Jesus went 4.Jesus with his went with Jerusalem for to Jerusalem his disciples caught at the Last Supper. Translations of the Bible Ⅰ填空题1.Except a few passages in the related Armaic dialect the Old Testament was originally written in Hebrew. And the New Testament was originally written in a popular form of Greek. is known Testament is known as the Septuagint, as Old Testament as the Septuagint, as oldest extant 2.The The oldest the Old extant Greek of the translation of Greek translation according the fictional letter of Aristeas, it was translated by 72 translators in 72 days. Vulgate edition, which was 3.The most ancient extant Latin version of the whole Bible is the nguage. done in 384 –405 A.D. by St. Jerome in common people’s la4.The first English version of whole Bible was translated from the Latin Vulgate in 1382 and was copied out by hand by the early group of reformers led by John Wycliff. is the the ――AuthorizedBible is English Bible King James’ or King Authorizedǁ ǁ or James’ The most 5.The of English most important important and influential of and influential version, first published in 1611. Ⅱ选择题1.By 1693, the whole of the Bible had been translated in _________languages. A. 228 B. 974 C. 1202 D. 154 2.The oldest extant Greek translation of the Old Testament is known as ________. A. the Latin Vulgate B. the Aristeas C. the ―Authorizedǁ D. the SeptuagintBible was was the _______ Bible complete work work first complete the first the _______ 1500’s, the When printing 3.When was invented printing was invented in the 1500’s, in the printed. A. English B. Latin C. Aramaic D. Hebrew 4.When did the standard American edition of the Revised Version appear? _______ A. 1885 B. 1611 C. 1901 D. 1979 Division Three: The Middle Ages Manor and Church Ⅰ填空题1.In European history, the thousand year period following the fall of the West Roman Empire in the fifth century is called the Middle Ages. Europe was scene of was the and wars and frequent wars of frequent the scene the fifth Between the 2.Between fifth and and eleventh centuries, West eleventh centuries, West Europe invasions. 3.The Middle Age is a period in which classical, Hebrew and Gothic heritage merged. system of holding ––a a system of holding land in of land in holding land land holding in Europe Feudalism in 4.Feudalism Europe was was mainly system of mainly a a system exchange for military service. 5.In 732 Charles Martel, a Frankish ruler gave his soldiers estates known as fiefs as a reward for their service. 6.The center of medieval life under feudalism was the manor. By the the 1212th century 7.By castle, which which were made of and stone and of stone were made manor houses century manor called castle, houses came came to be called to be designed as fortress. 8.As a knight, he was pledged to protect the weak, to fight for the church, to be loyal to his lord and to respect women of noble birth. These rules were known as code of chivalry, from which the western idea of good manners developed. for war by fighting war by each other other in batters mock batters in mock fighting each the medieval In the trained for medieval days 9.In days a a knight knight was was trained called tournaments. Church and Roman Catholic Catholic Church the Eastern the Roman Eastern and the the Church After 1054, 10.After 1054, the Church was divided into was divided into the Orthodox Church. 11. The most important of all the leaders of Christian thought was Augustine of Hippo who lived in North Africa in the fifth century. 12. Under Under feudalism, feudalism, people people of of western western Europe Europe were were mainly mainly divided divided into into three three classes: classes: clergy, clergy, lords and peasants. 13. The The Pope Pope not not only only ruled ruled Roman Roman and and parts parts of of Italy Italy as as a a king, king, he he was was also also the the head head of of all all Christian churches in western Europe. 14. In In the the Medieval Medieval times times the the Church Church set set up up a a church church court court –– the the Inquisition Inquisition to to stamp stamp out out so-called heresy. 15. One of the most important sacraments was Holy Communion, which was to remind people that Christ had died to redeem man. 16. To To express express their their religious religious feelings, feelings, many many people people in in the the Middle Middle Ages Ages went went on on journeys journeys to to sacred sacred places places where where early early Christian Christian leaders leaders had had lived. lived. The The most most important important of of all all was was Jerusalem. 17. With With a a return return attack against attack against the the Moslems, Moslems, the the Western Christians Western Christians launched launched a a series series of of holy holy wars called the Crusades. Ⅱ 选择题 1. In In the the later later part part of of the the 44th century, century, which which of of the the following following tribes tribes swept swept into into Europe Europe from from central central Asia, Asia, robbing robbing and and killing killing a a large large numbers numbers of of the the half half civilized civilized Germanic Germanic tribes? tribes? ________ A. the Mongolians B. the HunsC. the Turkish D. the Syrians 2. The Middle Ages is also called the _________. A. ―Age of Christianityǁ B. ―Age of LiteratureǁC. ―Age of Holy Spiritǁ D. ―Age of Faithǁ3. According to the code of chivalry, which of the following is not pledged to do for a knight? _______ A. To be loyal to his lord B. To fight for the church C. To obey without question the orders of the abbot D. To respect women of noble birth 4. In 732, who gave his soldiers estates known as fiefs as a reward for their service? _________ A. Charles Martel, a Frankish ruler B. Charles I, a Turkish ruler C. Constantine I, a Frankish ruler D. St. Benedict, a Italian ruler 5. When When was was the the Church Church divided divided into into the the Roman Roman Catholic Catholic Church Church and and Eastern Eastern Orthodox Orthodox Church?_________ A. after 1066 B. after 1296 C. after 1054D. after 476 6. Which of the following about the knight or noble in the Middle Ages in Western Europe is NOT true?____________ A. Almost all nobles were knights in the Medieval days. B. A noble began his education as a page at the age of seven. C. As a knight, he was pledged to fight for the church. D. At about fourteen, the page became a knight. 7. When was a noble crowned as a knight in the Middle Ages in Western Europe? _______ A. At the age of 14. and ran errands good manners and ran errands for the B.When he was learned good manners for the was taught taught to prayers, learned to say say his his prayers, ladies. C.At a special ceremony known as dubbing. D.When he was pledged to fight for the church. what the monks must the monks must do do before entering the before entering the is NOT of the Which of 8.Which the following following is true about NOT true about what monastery according to the Benedictine Rule? A.They had to attend service 6 times during the day and once at midnight. B.They could promise to give up all their possession before entering the monastery. C.They were expected to work 5 hours a day in the fields surrounding the monastery. D.They had to obey without question the orders of the abbot. 9.Under feudalism, what were the three classes of people of western Europe?________ A. clergy, knights and serfs B. Pope, bishop and peasants C. clergy, lords and peasants D. knights, nobles and serfs 10.By which year the Moslems had taken over the last Christian stronghold and won the crusades and ruled all the territory in Palestine that the crusaders had fought to control? ________ A. 1270 B. 1254 C. 1096 D. 1291Ⅲ名词解释1.the Middle Ages 2.Manor 3.Code of Chivalry 4.Benedictine Rule 5.the Crusades Ⅳ简答与问答1.Who was Charles Martel? 2.What was the difference between a serf and a free man? 3.Into what three groups were people divided under feudalism? 4.What happened in Western Europe after the decline of the Roman Empire? Learning and Science, Literature, Art and Architecture Ⅰ填空题1.Charlemagne, who temporarily restored order in western and central Europe, was perhaps the most important figure of the medieval period. Emperor of the Romansǁ by the Pope in 800.2.Charlemagne w as crowed ―E mperor of the Romans3.The Summa Theologica by St. Thomas Aquinas forms an enormous system and sums up all the knowledge of medieval theology. research and and called Scientific research careful for careful of Scientific called for Bacon was 4.Roger advocates of Roger Bacon was one of earliest advocates the earliest one of the observation and experimentation. vernacular languages – that is, the languages of 5.―National epicǁ refers to the epic written in various national states that came into being in the Middle Ages. 6.Beowulf is an Anglo-Sexon epic, in alliterative verse, originating from the collective efforts of oral literature. , is one of 7.Dante Alighieri was the greatest poet of Italy, his masterpiece, The Divine Comedy, is one of the landmarks of world literature. 8. Chaucer was a great English poet, The Canterbury Tales were his most popular work for their were his most popular work for their power of observation, piercing irony, sense of humor and warm humanity. 9. Chaucer writers in dialect used by Londoners, and by the sheer weight and popularity of his writings he sets it firmly on the way towards Modern English. 10. The style of architecture under Romanesque art is characterized by massiveness, solidity and monumentality with all overall blocky appearance. 11. The Gothic style started in France and quickly spread through all parts of western Europe. Ⅱ 选择题1. Which of the follo wing was crowned ―Emperor of the Romansǁ by the Pope in 800? ______ A. St. Thomas Aquinas B. CharlemagneC. Constantine D. King James 2. Who Who was was the the ruler ruler of of the the Anglo-Saxon Anglo-Saxon kingdom kingdom of of Wessex Wessex and and contributed contributed greatly greatly to to the the medieval European culture? _________ A. Charles I B. Constantine I C. Alfred the Great D. Charles the Great 3. Does Song of Roland belong to which country’s epic? _________A. English B. Germanic C. Hebrew D. French4. Who is the author of the Opus Maius ? ________ A. Roger Bacon B. Dante Alighieri C. Chaucer D. St. Thomas Aquinas Ⅲ 名词解释1. Carolingian Renaissance 2. Beowulf 3. Song of Roland 4. The Canterbury tales 5. Romanesque 6. Gothic Ⅳ 简答与问答1.What was the merit which Charlemagne and Alfred the Great share? Division IV: Renaissance and ReformationRenaissance in ItalyⅠ 填空题1. Generally speaking, Renaissance refers to the period between the 14th and mid 17th century. 2. Humanism is the essence of the Renaissance. 3. In essence, Renaissance was a historical period in which the European humanist thinkers and scholars made attempts to get rid of conservatism in feudalist Europe and introduce new ideas that that expressed expressed the the interests interests of of bourgeoisie, bourgeoisie, to to lift lift the the restrictions restrictions in in all all areas areas placed placed by by the the Roman Church authorities. 4. Renaissance Renaissance started started in in Florence Florence and and V enice V enice with with the the flowering flowering of of paintings, paintings, sculpture sculpture and and architecture. 5.Beginning from the 11th century, cities began to rise in central and north Italy. 6.Decameron is a collection of 100 tales told by 7 young ladies and 3 younger gentlemen on their way to escape the Black Death of 1348. Canzoniers, a book of lyrical songs written in his Italian dialect. 7.Petrach was best known for 8.The Renaissance artists introduced in their works scientific theories of anatomy and perspective. 9.The four representative artists of High Renaissance in Italy are Leonardo da Vinci, michelangelo, Raphael and Titian. Mona do da Vinci’s major works: Last Supper is the most famous of religious pictures; Loenardo da Vinci’s major works: 10.LoenarLisa probably is the world’s most famous portrait.from the himself from freed himself the old tradition of of he freed old tradition of art created a a style Michelangelo created style of 11.Michelangelo in which art in which he decoration on the one hand and documentary realism on the other. colour on oil colour on canvas canvas as established oil as the typical the typical have established 12.Titian’s painting is Titian’s painting to have acknowledged to is acknowledged medium of the pictorial tradition in western art. 13.In world trade, Italy had lost its supremacy because of the discovery of America in 1492 and the rounding of the Cape of Good Hope in 1488, the opening of an all-water route to India which provided a cheaper means of transport. 14.Petrach is looked up as the father of modern poetry. 15.Italy is regarded as the birthplace of the Renaissance. Ⅱ选择题1.Where did the Renaissance start with the flowering of paintings, sculpture and architecture? _______ A. in Greece and Rome B. in Florence and VeniceC. in Milan and Florence D. in Italy and Germany 2.When did the Renaissance reach its height with its center moving to Milan, then to Rome, and created High Renaissance? ___________ A. in the 11th century B. in the 15th century C. in the 16th century D. in the 17th century 3.Which of the following works is written by Boccaccio? _______ A. Decameron B. Canzoniers C. DavidD. Moses4.Who is the author of the painting, Betrayal of Judas? ________ A. Giotto B. Brunelleschi C. Donatello D. Giorgione 5.Which of the following High Renaissance artists is the father of the modern mode of painting? _______ A. Raphael B. Titian C. da Vinci D. Michelangelo known for best known for his Madona (Virgin (Virgin artists was his Madona was best Which of Renaissance artists of the 6.Which High Renaissance following High the following Mary)? A. Titian B. da Vinci C. Michelangelo D. Raphael7.Which of the following paintings was based on the story in the Bible with Maria riding on a donkey ready to face the hardship ahead? ________ A. Tempesta B. Sacred and Profane Love C. Flight into Egypt D. The Return of the Hunters。

欧洲文化入门复习题

《欧洲文化入门》复习题（一）Division One: Greek Culture and Roman CultureGreek CultureI.填空1.European culture is made up of many elements, two of these elements are considered to bemore enduring and they are the Greco-Roman element and the Judeo-Christian element.2.Greek culture reached a high point of development in the 5th century.3.In the second half of the 4th century B. C., all Greece was brought under the rule of Alexander,king of Macedon.4.In 146 B. C. the Romans conquered Greece.5.Greek culture reached a high point of development in the 5th century.6.Revived in 1896, the Olympic Games have become the world’s foremost amateur sportscompetition.7.Ancient Greeks considered Homer to be the author of their epics.8.The Iliad deals with the alliance of the states of the southern mainland of Greece, led byAgamemnon in their war against the city of Troy.9.The Odyssey deals with the return of Odysseus after the Trojan war to his home, island ofIthaca.10.Of the many lyric poets of ancient Greece, two are still admired by readers today: Sapphoand Pindar.11.Sappho was considered the most important lyric poet of ancient Greece.12.Pindar is best known for his odes celebrating the victories at the athletic games, such as the14 Olympic odes.13.The three great tragic dramatists of ancient Greece are Aeschylus, Sophocles, and Euripides.14.Aeschylus wrote such plays as Prometheus Bound, Persians and Agamemnon.15.Sophocles wrote such tragic plays as Oedipus the King, Electra, and Antigone.16.Euripides wrote mainly about women in such plays as Andromache, Medea, and TrojanWomen.edy also flourished in the 5th century B. C.. Its best writer was Aristophanes, who hasleft eleven plays, including Frogs, Clouds, Wasps a nd Birds.tween Greeks and 18.Herodotus is often called “Father of History”. He wrote about the wars bePersians.19.Thucydides described the war between Athens and Sparta and between Athens and Syracuse,a Greek state on the Island of Sicily.20.Pythagoras was a bold thinker who had the idea that all things were numbers.21.Pythagoras was the founder of scientific mathematics.22.Heracleitue believed fire to the primary element of the universe, out of which everything elsehad arisen.23.The greatest names in European philosophy are Socrates, Plato and Aristotle.24.Democritus was one of the earliest philosophical materialists and speculated about the atomicstructure of matter.25.In the 4th century B. C., four schools of philosophers often argued with each other, they arethe Cynics, the Sceptics, the Epicureans, and the Stoics.26.Euclid is well-known for his Elements, a textbook of geometry.27.To illustrate the principle of the level, Archimedes is said to have told the king: “Give me aplace to stand, and I will move the world.”28.Greek architecture can be grouped into three styles: the Doric style which is also called themasculine style; the Ionic style which is also called the feminine style; and a later style that iscalled the Corinthian style.29.The Acropolis at Athens and the Parthenon are the finest monument of Greek architecture andsculpture in more than 2000 years.modernist30.In the 20th century, there are Homeric parallels in the Irishman James Joyce’smasterpiece Ulysses.II.选择1.Which culture reached a high point of development in the 5th century B. C.?A.Greek CultureB.Roman CultureC.Egyptian CultureD.Chinese Culture2.In ___________ the Roman conquered Greece.A.1200B.C.B.700 B.C.C.146 B. C.D.The 5th century3.Which of the following works described the war led by Agamemnon against the city of Troy?A.Oedipus the KingB.IliadC.OdysseyD.Antigone4.Which of the following is NOT the plays written by Aeschylus?A.AntigoneB.AgamemnonC.PersiansD.Prometheus Bound5.Which of the following is NOT the plays written by Sophocles?A.ElectraB.AntigoneC.Trojan WomanD.Oedipus the King6.Which of the following is the play written by Euripides?A.AntigoneB.PersiansC.ElectraD.Medea7.Which of the following is NOT the greatest tragic dramatist of ancient Greece?A.AristophanesB.EuripidesC.SophoclesD.Aeschylus8.Who ever said that “You can not step twice into the same river”？A.PythagorasB.HeracleitusC.Aristotle9.Who was the founder of scientific mathematics?A.HeracleitusB.AristotleC.SocratesD.Pythagorasthe measure of all things”？10.Who is chiefly noted for his doctrine that “man isA.ProtagorasB.PythagorasC.PyrrhonD.EpicurusIII.名词解释1.Aeschylus2.Plato3.The CynicsIV.简答与问答1.What are the major elements in European culture?2.What were the main features of ancient Greek society?3.Who were the outstanding dramatists of ancient Greece? What important plays did each of themwrite?4.Tell some of P lato’s ideas. Why do people call him an idealist?5.Give some examples to show the enormous influence of Greek culture on English literature.Roman CultureI. 填空1.The burning of Corinth in 146 B. C. marked Roman conquest of Greece, which was thenreduced to a province of the Roman Empire.2.The Roman writer Horace said: “Captive Greece took her rude conqueror captive”．3.In 27 B. C. Octavius took supreme power as emperor with the title of Augustus.4.The Romans enjoyed a long period of peace lasting two hundred years, a remarkablephenomenon in history known as the Pax Romana.5.In the 4th century, the emperor Constantine moved the capital from Rome to Byzantium,renamed it Constantinople ( modern Istanbul ).6.In 476 the last emperor of the west was deposed by the Coths and marked the end of the WestRoman Empire.7.The East Roman Empire collapsed when Constantinople fell to the Turks in 1453.8.Julius Caesar recorded what he did and saw in the various military campaigns he took part inand these writings, collected in his Commentaries, are models of succinct Latin.9.Virgil was the greatest of Latin poets and wrote the great epic, the Aeneid.10.The Pantheon is the greatest and the best preserved Roman temple, which was built in 27 B. C.And reconstructed in the 2th century A. D..11.She-wolf is the statue which illustrates the legend of creation of Roman.II.选择1.Who wrote, “I came, I saw, I conquered”？A.HoraceB.Julius CaesarC.VirgilD.Marcus Tullius Cicero2.The author of the philosophical poem On the Nature of things is ___________.A.VirgilB.Julius CaesarC.HoraceD.Lucretius3.Which of the following is not Roman architecture?A.The ColosseumB.The PanthenonC.The ParthenonD.Pont du Gard4.Who wrote, “Captive Greece took her rude conqueror captive”？A.SapphoB.PlatoC.VirgilD.HoraceIII.名词解释1.Julius Caesar2.The Pax RomanaIV.简答与问答1.What did the Romans have in common with the Greeks? And what was the chief differencebetween them?2.What is the book for which Virgil has been famous throughout the centuries? In what way is thebook linked with the Greek past?3.Why do we say Aeneas is a truly tragic hero?Division Two: The Bible and ChristianityThe Old TestamentⅠ填空题1.Among all the religions by which people seek to worship, Christianity is by far the mostinfluential in the West.2.Both Judaism and Christianity originated in Palestine the hub of migration and trade routes,which led to exchange of ideas over wide areas.3.Some 3800 years ago the ancestors of the Jews – the Hebrews – wandered through the desertsof the Middle East.4.About 1300 B.C., the Hebrews came to settle in Palestine, known as Canaan at that time, andformed small kingdoms.5.The king of the Hebrews was handed down orally from one generation to another in the formof folktales and stories, which were recorded later in the Old Testament.6.The Bible is a collection of religious writings comprising two parts: the Old Testament and theNew Testament.7.The old Testament consists of 39 books, the oldest and most important of which are first fivebooks, called Pentateuch.8.When the Hebrews left the desert and entered the mountainous Sinai, Moses climbed to thetop of the mountain to receive from God message, which came to be known as the Ten Commandments.9.Chronologically Amos is the earliest prophet in the Old Testament.10.In Babylon in the 6th century B.C., the Hebrews, now known as Jews, formed synagogues topractise their religion.II 选择题1.Which of the following is by far the most influential in the West?_______A. BuddismB. IslamismC. ChristianityD. Judaism2.The Old Testament consists of 39 books, the oldest and most important of which are the firstfive books, called __________.A. ExodusB. CommandmentsC. AmosD. Pentaeuch3.Which of the following is NOT the content of the Ten Commandments?_______A.Honour your father and your motherB.Do not commit suicideC.Do not desire your neighbour’s wifeD.Do not take the name of God in vain4.When in Babylon the Hebrews formed synagogues to practise their religion? ______A. in 169B.C. B. in the 4th centuryC. in 76 B.C.D. in the 6th centuryⅢ名词解释1.the Bible2.the Pentateuch3.Ten CommandmentsⅣ简答与问答1.What was the Hebrews major contribution to world civilization?2.Why do we say Judaism and Christianity are closely related?3.What are the Ten Commandments about?Rise of ChristianityⅠ填空题1.At the age of 30, Jesus received the baptism at the hands of John Baptist.2.Jesus spent most of his life in Galilee, where he apparently made a sensation.3.Jesus of Nazareth lived in Palestine during the reign of the first Roman Emperor Augustus.4.Jesus went with his disciples to Jerusalem for the Passover, but was betrayed by Juda.5.In 313 the Edict of Milan was issued by Constantine I and granted religious freedom to all andmade Christianity legal.6.In 392 A.D, Emperor Theodosius made Christianity the official religions of the empire andoutlawed all other religions.7.After Jesus died, St. Peter and St. Paul led the disciples of Jesus to spread gospel in theMediterranean regions.Ⅱ选择题1.After the _______ century Nestorianism reached China.A. sixthB. fifthC. secondD. third2.Which of the following emperors made Christianity the official religion of the empire andoutlawed all other religions? __________A. TheodosiusB. AugustusC. Constantine ID. Nero Caesar3.Which of the following emperors issued the Edict of Milan and made Christianity legal in 313?__________A. AugustusB. ThedosiusC. NeroD. Constantine I4.At the age of 30, Jesus Christ received the baptism at the hands of _________.A. St. PeterB. St. PaulC. John BaptistD. John WycliffⅢ名词解释1.The Edict of MilanⅣ简答与问答1.How did the relations between Christians and the Roman government change?The New TestamentⅠ填空题1.By 300 A.D. each local church was called a parish and had a full time leader known as priest.2.Towards the end of he fourth century four accounts were accepted as part of the NewTestament, which tells the beginning of Christianity.mother Mary was espoused to Joseph, before they came together, she was 3.When as Jesus’　found with child of the Holy Ghost4.Jesus went with his disciples to Jerusalem for the Passover, but was betrayed by Juda andcaught at the Last Supper.Translations of the BibleⅠ填空题1.Except a few passages in the related Armaic dialect the Old Testament was originally writtenin Hebrew. And the New Testament was originally written in a popular form of Greek.2.The oldest extant Greek translation of the Old Testament is known as the Septuagint, asaccording the fictional letter of Aristeas, it was translated by 72 translators in 72 days.3.The most ancient extant Latin version of the whole Bible is the Vulgate edition, which wasnguage.done in 384 –405 A.D. by St. Jerome in common people’s la4.The first English version of whole Bible was translated from the Latin Vulgate in 1382 andwas copied out by hand by the early group of reformers led by John Wycliff.5.The most important and influential of English Bible is the “Authorized”　o r King James’　version, first published in 1611.Ⅱ选择题1.By 1693, the whole of the Bible had been translated in _________languages.A. 228B. 974C. 1202D. 1542.The oldest extant Greek translation of the Old Testament is known as ________.A. the Latin VulgateB. the AristeasC. the “Authorized”D. the Septuagint3.When printing was invented in the 1500’s, the _______ Bible was the first complete workprinted.A. EnglishB. LatinC. AramaicD. Hebrew4.When did the standard American edition of the Revised Version appear? _______A. 1885B. 1611C. 1901D. 1979Division Three: The Middle AgesManor and ChurchⅠ填空题1.In European history, the thousand year period following the fall of the West Roman Empire inthe fifth century is called the Middle Ages.2.Between the fifth and eleventh centuries, West Europe was the scene of frequent wars andinvasions.3.The Middle Age is a period in which classical, Hebrew and Gothic heritage merged.4.Feudalism in Europe was mainly a system of land holding –a system of holding land inexchange for military service.5.In 732 Charles Martel, a Frankish ruler gave his soldiers estates known as fiefs as a reward fortheir service.6.The center of medieval life under feudalism was the manor.7.By the 12th century manor houses came to be called castle, which were made of stone anddesigned as fortress.8.As a knight, he was pledged to protect the weak, to fight for the church, to be loyal to his lordand to respect women of noble birth. These rules were known as code of chivalry, from whichthe western idea of good manners developed.9.In the medieval days a knight was trained for war by fighting each other in mock batterscalled tournaments.10.After 1054, the Church was divided into the Roman Catholic Church and the EasternOrthodox Church.11.The most important of all the leaders of Christian thought was Augustine of Hippo who livedin North Africa in the fifth century.12.Under feudalism, people of western Europe were mainly divided into three classes: clergy,lords and peasants.13.The Pope not only ruled Roman and parts of Italy as a king, he was also the head of allChristian churches in western Europe.14.In the Medieval times the Church set up a church court –the Inquisition to stamp outso-called heresy.15.One of the most important sacraments was Holy Communion, which was to remind peoplethat Christ had died to redeem man.16.To express their religious feelings, many people in the Middle Ages went on journeys tosacred places where early Christian leaders had lived. The most important of all was Jerusalem.17.With a return attack against the Moslems, the Western Christians launched a series of holywars called the Crusades.Ⅱ选择题1.In the later part of the 4th century, which of the following tribes swept into Europe fromcentral Asia, robbing and killing a large numbers of the half civilized Germanic tribes?________A. the MongoliansB. the HunsC. the TurkishD. the Syrians2.The Middle Ages is also called the _________.A. “Age of Christianity”B. “Age of Literature”C. “Age of Holy Spirit”D. “Age of Faith”3.According to the code of chivalry, which of the following is not pledged to do for a knight?_______A. To be loyal to his lordB. To fight for the churchC. To obey without question the orders of the abbotD. To respect women of noble birth4.In 732, who gave his soldiers estates known as fiefs as a reward for their service? _________A. Charles Martel, a Frankish rulerB. Charles I, a Turkish rulerC. Constantine I, a Frankish rulerD. St. Benedict, a Italian ruler5.When was the Church divided into the Roman Catholic Church and Eastern OrthodoxChurch?_________A. after 1066B. after 1296C. after 1054D. after 4766.Which of the following about the knight or noble in the Middle Ages in Western Europe isNOT true?____________A.Almost all nobles were knights in the Medieval days.B. A noble began his education as a page at the age of seven.C.As a knight, he was pledged to fight for the church.D.At about fourteen, the page became a knight.7.When was a noble crowned as a knight in the Middle Ages in Western Europe? _______A.At the age of 14.B.When he was taught to say his prayers, learned good manners and ran errands for theladies.C.At a special ceremony known as dubbing.D.When he was pledged to fight for the church.8.Which of the following is NOT true about what the monks must do before entering themonastery according to the Benedictine Rule?A.They had to attend service 6 times during the day and once at midnight.B.They could promise to give up all their possession before entering the monastery.C.They were expected to work 5 hours a day in the fields surrounding the monastery.D.They had to obey without question the orders of the abbot.9.Under feudalism, what were the three classes of people of western Europe?________A. clergy, knights and serfsB. Pope, bishop and peasantsC. clergy, lords and peasantsD. knights, nobles and serfs10.By which year the Moslems had taken over the last Christian stronghold and won the crusadesand ruled all the territory in Palestine that the crusaders had fought to control? ________A. 1270B. 1254C. 1096D. 1291Ⅲ名词解释1.the Middle Ages2.Manor3.Code of Chivalry4.Benedictine Rule5.the CrusadesⅣ简答与问答1.Who was Charles Martel?2.What was the difference between a serf and a free man?3.Into what three groups were people divided under feudalism?4.What happened in Western Europe after the decline of the Roman Empire?Learning and Science, Literature, Art and ArchitectureⅠ填空题1.Charlemagne, who temporarily restored order in western and central Europe, was perhaps themost important figure of the medieval period.Emperor of the Romans” by the Pope in 800.2.Charlemagne w as crowed “3.The Summa Theologica by St. Thomas Aquinas forms an enormous system and sums up allthe knowledge of medieval theology.4.Roger Bacon was one of the earliest advocates of Scientific research and called for carefulobservation and experimentation.vernacular languages – that is, the languages of 5.“National epic” refers to the epic written invarious national states that came into being in the Middle Ages.6.Beowulf is an Anglo-Sexon epic, in alliterative verse, originating from the collective efforts oforal literature.7.Dante Alighieri was the greatest poet of Italy, his masterpiece, The Divine Comedy, is one ofthe landmarks of world literature.8.Chaucer was a great English poet, The Canterbury Tales were his most popular work for theirpower of observation, piercing irony, sense of humor and warm humanity.9.Chaucer writers in dialect used by Londoners, and by the sheer weight and popularity of hiswritings he sets it firmly on the way towards Modern English.10.The style of architecture under Romanesque art is characterized by massiveness, solidity andmonumentality with all overall blocky appearance.11.The Gothic style started in France and quickly spread through all parts of western Europe.Ⅱ选择题1.Which of the follo wing was crowned “Emperor of the Romans” by the Pope in 800? ______A. St. Thomas AquinasB. CharlemagneC. ConstantineD. King James2.Who was the ruler of the Anglo-Saxon kingdom of Wessex and contributed greatly to themedieval European culture? _________A. Charles IB. Constantine IC. Alfred the GreatD. Charles the Great3.Does Song of Roland belong to which country’s epic? _________A. EnglishB. GermanicC. HebrewD. French4.Who is the author of the Opus Maius? ________A. Roger BaconB. Dante AlighieriC. ChaucerD. St. Thomas AquinasⅢ名词解释1.Carolingian Renaissance2.Beowulf3.Song of Roland4.The Canterbury tales5.Romanesque6.GothicⅣ简答与问答1.What was the merit which Charlemagne and Alfred the Great share?Division IV: Renaissance and ReformationRenaissance in ItalyⅠ填空题1.Generally speaking, Renaissance refers to the period between the 14th and mid 17th century.2.Humanism is the essence of the Renaissance.3.In essence, Renaissance was a historical period in which the European humanist thinkers andscholars made attempts to get rid of conservatism in feudalist Europe and introduce new ideasthat expressed the interests of bourgeoisie, to lift the restrictions in all areas placed by theRoman Church authorities.4.Renaissance started in Florence and Venice with the flowering of paintings, sculpture andarchitecture.5.Beginning from the 11th century, cities began to rise in central and north Italy.6.Decameron is a collection of 100 tales told by 7 young ladies and 3 younger gentlemen ontheir way to escape the Black Death of 1348.7.Petrach was best known for Canzoniers, a book of lyrical songs written in his Italian dialect.8.The Renaissance artists introduced in their works scientific theories of anatomy andperspective.9.The four representative artists of High Renaissance in Italy are Leonardo da Vinci,michelangelo, Raphael and Titian.Last Supper is the most famous of religious pictures; Mona 10.Loenardo da Vinci’s major works:Lisa probably is the world’s most famous portrait.11.Michelangelo created a style of art in which he freed himself from the old tradition ofdecoration on the one hand and documentary realism on the other.painting is acknowledged to have established oil colour on canvas as the typical 12.Titian’smedium of the pictorial tradition in western art.13.In world trade, Italy had lost its supremacy because of the discovery of America in 1492 andthe rounding of the Cape of Good Hope in 1488, the opening of an all-water route to Indiawhich provided a cheaper means of transport.14.Petrach is looked up as the father of modern poetry.15.Italy is regarded as the birthplace of the Renaissance.Ⅱ选择题1.Where did the Renaissance start with the flowering of paintings, sculpture and architecture?_______A. in Greece and RomeB. in Florence and VeniceC. in Milan and FlorenceD. in Italy and Germany2.When did the Renaissance reach its height with its center moving to Milan, then to Rome, andcreated High Renaissance? ___________A. in the 11th centuryB. in the 15th centuryC. in the 16th centuryD. in the 17th century3.Which of the following works is written by Boccaccio? _______A. DecameronB. CanzoniersC. DavidD. Moses4.Who is the author of the painting, Betrayal of Judas? ________A. GiottoB. BrunelleschiC. DonatelloD. Giorgione5.Which of the following High Renaissance artists is the father of the modern mode of painting?_______A. RaphaelB. TitianC. da VinciD. Michelangelo6.Which of the following High Renaissance artists was best known for his Madona (VirginMary)?A. TitianB. da VinciC. MichelangeloD. Raphael7.Which of the following paintings was based on the story in the Bible with Maria riding on adonkey ready to face the hardship ahead? ________A. TempestaB. Sacred and Profane LoveC. Flight into EgyptD. The Return of the HuntersⅢ名词解释1.Renaissance2.DecameronⅣ简答与问答1.What made Italy the birthplace of the Renaissance?2.What are the main elements of humanism? How are these elements reflected in art andliterature during the Italian Renaissance?3.How did Italian Renaissance art and architecture break away from medieval tradition?4.In what way was Leonardo da Vinci important during the Renaissance?Reformation and Counter-ReformationⅠ填空题1.The Reformation led by Martin Luther which swept over the whole of Europe was aimed atopposing the absolute authority of the Roman Catholic Church and replacing it with theabsolute authority of the Bible.2.Martin Luther was the German leader of the Protestant Reformation. His doctrine marked thefirst break in the unity of the Catholic Church.3.When the Pope refused to recognized Henry’s marriage with Anne Boleyn, British Parliament,in 1534, passed the Act of Supremacy which marked the formal break of the British with thePapal authorities.4.Ignatius and his followers called themselves the Jesuits, members of the Society of Jesus.5.John Calvin put his theological thoughts in his Institutes of the Christian Religion, which wasconsidered one of the most influential theological works of all times.Ⅱ选择题1.Who took up the translation of the Bible into English for the first time? ________A. Jan HusB. John WyliffC. Martin LutherD. John Calvin2.Who is the author Institutes of the Christian Religion?A. John WycliffB. Jan HusC. John CalvinD.Erasmus3.In whose reign did the formal break of the British with the papal authorities take place?____A. Elizabeth IB. William IC. Edward IIID. Henry VIII4.After the formal break of the British with the papal authorities, who was the head of the church?_______A. KingB. PopeC. BishopD. QueenⅢ名词解释1.Calvinism2.the Council of Trent3.Counter-ReformationⅣ简答与问答1.What are the doctrines of Martin Luther?2.What was the significance of the Reformation in European civilization?Renaissance in other CountriesⅠ填空题1.The Protestant group in France was known as the Huguenots whose rivalry with the CatholicChurch led to the wars of religion from 1562 to 1598.2.In 1492 the Moors that had ruled Spain for four centuries were driven out from their laststronghold.3.In 1492 Columbus discovered American and claimed America for Spain.4.The author of Don Quixote is Cervantes.5.Albrecht Dürer was the leader of the Renaissance in Germany. His engravings areunsurpassed and his paintings of animals and plants are exceedingly sensitive.6.Under the reign of Elizabeth I, England began to embark on the road to colonization andforeign control that was to take it onto its heyday of capitalist development.7.Thomas More was a great humanist during the Renaissance. Among his writings the bestknown is Utopia.8.Cervantes crowned literature of Spain and Shakespeare of England during the Renaissance.Ⅱ选择题1.Which of the following works was written by Rabelais, in which he praises the greatness ofman, expresses his love of love and his reverence and sympathy for humanist learning?_______A.Gargantua and PantagruelB. Don QuixoteC. The Praise of FollyD. Utopia2.Whose motto put down in his essays “What do Know” is world famous?________A. CervantesB. RabelaisC. MontaigneD. Shakespearehumanist ideas and a style 3.Which of the following works is worth reading for Montaigne’ｓwhich is easy and familiar? ________A. SonnetsB. DecameronC. RabelaisD. Of Repentance4.Which of the following is NOT French writer poet? _______A. CervantesB. Pierre de RonsardC. RabelaisD. Montaigne5.In 1516 who published the first Greek edition of the New Testament?_________A. BruegelB. ErasmusC. El GrecoD. Rabelais6.“To be, or not to be, -- that is the question ” from whose works? _______A. ChaucerB. DanteC. Roger BaconD. ShakespeareⅢ简答与问答1.Why did England come later than other countries during the Renaissance? In what way wasEnglish Renaissance different from that of other countries? Who were the major figures and what were their contributions?Science and Technology during the RenaissanceⅠ填空题1.The Renaissance was the golden age of geographical discoveries: by the year of 1600 thesurface of the known earth was doubled.。

自考《欧洲文化入门试卷及答案练习题》

课程《欧洲文化入门》考试时间 120 分钟日期年月日姓名学号学院班级Ⅰ.Read the following unfinished statements or questionas carefully. For each unfinished statement or question, four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D are given. Choose the one that you think best completes the statement or answers the question. Write the letter of the answer you have choosen in the corresponding spcae on the answer sheet. (40 points, 2 point for each)1.———— was the founder of scientific mathematics.A. PythagorasB. DemocritusC. AristotleD. Diogenes2. Which of the following figures was regarded as “the master of those who know”byDante?A. PlatoB. SocratesC. AristotleD. Cicero3.________ was called “the greatest historian that ever lived”by Macaulay.A. ThucydidesB. HerodotusC. SocratesD. Aristotle4. The first king to unite the Hebrews was a warrior-famer name________ .A. MosesB. JoshuaC. SaulD. David5. Who issued the Edict of Milan in 313,whick granted religious freedom to all and madeChristianity legal?A. DomitianB. ValerianC. ConstantineD. Theodosius6. The ancestors of the Jews are called Hebrews which mean ________ .A. wanderersB. travelersC. tradersD. merchants7. In the latter part of the fourth century the ________ swept into Europe from centralAsia.A. TurkishB. HunsC. AthensD. Roman8. Apart from being a place of worship, the ________ was a place for recreation and thecenter of trade and community activity.A. bridgeB. church buildingC. villageD. subway9. For two centuries beginning from the late fifteenth century,________ was the goldencity which gave birth to a whole generation of poets, scholars,artists and sculptors.A. MilanB. FlorenceC. VeniceD. the papal states10. which of the following figures knows “how to make beauty yield meaning and meaningyield beauty”?.A. BoccaccioB. ShakespeareC. RaphaelD. Petrarch11. ________ is recognized as the father of the modern European novel and has had greatimpact on world literature.A. Don QuixoteB. hamletC. Gargantua and PantagruelD. Utopia12. The English poet Alexander Pope once wrote:Nature and Nature’laws lay hid in said,“let________ be”, and all was light.A. CopernicusB. KeplerC. NewtonD. Einstein13. It is generally believed that modern philosophy begins with Francis Bacon in Englandand with ________ in France.A. CorneilleB. LockeC. RousseauD. Descartes14. The great contribution of was ________.A. the building of monasteriesB. the translation of Old and New Testaments into LatinC. the setting up of the church systemD. none of the above15. Which of the following is not true about Dante?A. Dante was a great Italian poet.B. Dante wrote BeowulfC. Dante wrote his masterpiece in ItalianD. Dante was a great political thinker16. Scientists in the 17th century,such ans Galileo and Newton,attached great importanceto ________ .A. deductive reasoningB. classical authorityC. direct observation and experimentD. humanist learning17. Which of the following is not true about Aristotle?A. In Aristotle the great humanist and the great man of science meet.B. Aristotle founded the school of the Stoics.C. Aristotle was tutor of Alexander.D. Aristotle wrote many books on logic,politics, poetry, rhetoric and other subjects.18. ________ believed that the highest good in life was pleasure, freedom from pain andemotional upheaval. .A. SophistsB. CynicsC. ScepticsD. Epicureans19. ________ is said to have told the king of Syracuse: “Give me a place to stand, andI will move the world.”A. ArchimedesB. AristotleC. PlatoD. Euclid20. In The Revolution of the Heavenly Orbs,________ put forward his theory that the sun,not the earth, is the center of the universe.A. KeplerB. GalileoC. NewtonD. CopernicusⅡ.In the following part there are two left hand column consists of a list of names.The right hand column consists of a list of titles, names of organizations, worksor remarks in the right hand column and put the number a or b or c etc. in the bracket on the test paper.(10 points, 1 point each)[ ] (a)Latin version of Bible[ ] (b)The City of God[ ] (c)The Canterbury Tales[ ] (d)Aeneid25.Constantine [ ] (e)Last Supper[ ] (f)Virgin Mary[ ] (g)Edict of Milanda Vinci [ ] (h)Frogs[ ] (i)The Divine Comedy[ ] (j)OdysseyⅢ.Give a one-sentence answer to each of the following question. Write your answer in the corresponding space on the test paper.(20 points, 2 points each)many elements which constitute European culture, what are the two major ones?are the four schools of philosophers who often argued with each other in the 4th century Greece?gave birth to Christianity?does the Old Testament mainly deal with?classes were the people of weatern Europe under feudalism mainly divided into?did the Crusades go on about 200 years?the two men who made great efforts to promote learning in the Middle Ages.period does Renaissance refer to in the European history?tow most famous pictures painted by Leonardo da Vinci.established oil colour on canvas as the typical medium of the pictorial tradition in western art?each of the following terms in English. Write your answer in the corresponding space on the test paper in around 40 words.(20 points, 5points each)’democrachLockeBetween 100-120 Words on the following topic in the corresponding space on the test paper.(10 points)is Baconian philosophical system and the different between inductie method (推理法)and deductive method(演绎法)?课程《欧洲文化入门》答案Ⅰ.1-10: A, C, A, C, C, A, B, B, B, D11-20: A, C, D, B, B, C, B, D, A, DⅡ. 21a,22i,23h,24d,25g,26b,27c,28e,29f,30jⅢ.major elements are the Greco-Roman element and the Judeo-Christian element.four schools of philosophers are Cynics,the Sceptics,the Epicureans and the Stoics. was the Jewish tradition that gave birth to Christianity.Old Testment is about God and the Laws of God.of western Europe under feudalism were mainly divided into three classes:clergy,lords and peasants.1071 the armies of the Turkish Moslems occupied Palestine, killing many Christain pilgrims and even selling many others as slaves, which roused great indignation among Christains in western Europe and resulted in the crusades lasting on about 200 years. are Charlemagne and Alfred the Great.refers to the period between the 14th and mid 17th century.Lisa and Last Supper are Leonardo da Vinci’s most famous pictures.was the great Venetian painter Titian.IV41.Athens was a democracy. Democracy means “exercise of power by the whole people”,butby“the whole people”the Greeks meant only the adult male citizens, and citizenship was a set of rights which a man inherited from his father.is an Anglo-Saxon epic, in alliterative verse, originating from the collective efforts of oral literature. The story is set in Denmard of Sweden and tells how the hero, Beowulf, defeats the monster Grendel and Grendel’s mother, a sea monster,but eventually receives his own death in fighting with a fire dragon.Locke was a great English empiricist and an outstanding political philosopher, whose writing on economics, politics and religion expressed the ideas of the time.deals with the return of Odysseus after the Trojan war to his home island of Ithaca.It describes many adventures he ran into on his long sea voyage and how finally he was reunited with his faithful wife Penelope.V.45.The answer as follows:1.The whole basis of his philosophy was practical: to give mankind mastery over theforces of nature by means of scientific discoveries and inventions.2.He held that philosophy should be kept separate from theology, not intimately beblended with is as in Scholasticism.3.Bacon established the inductive method. Induction means reasoning from particularfacts or individual cases to a general conclusion. Deductive method emphasized reasoning from a known principle to the unknown and from the general to the specific.4.In a word, to break with the past, and to restore man to his lost mastery of naturalworld. This was what Bacon called the Great Instauration.。

《欧洲文化入门》试题

《欧洲文化入门》试题天水师范学院2010—2011学年第1学期外国语学院英语专业08级《欧洲文化入门》课程考试试题B（卷）I. Explain the following terms (15 points: 3 points for each)1. Knight and The Code of Chivalry2. Middle Ages3. Carolingian Renaissance4. Enlightenment5. Baroque artII. Fill the following blanks according to what you know about the European culture. (55 points, 1 point for each)1. Romans conquered Greece.2. conquered the large areas of Europe, Asia, and Africa, spreading the Greek culture.3. and are two epics of Homer.4. The two most famous lyric poets in ancient Greece are and .5. In Roman Empire was divided into West Rome and East Rome.6. is the father of history in European culture and he wrote about .7. is more accurate as a historian and he wrote about .8. About ancient Greek architecture, style is called masculine style for being sturdy, powerful, severe-looking and showing a good sense of proportion and numbers; monotonous, and unadorned, while style is called feminine style for being graceful and elegant; of rich ornament. And style is famous for ornamental luxury.9. European culture is called amphibian culture for being and .10. Before ancient Greek culture, there had been , , ,, in Mesopotamia; , , in Syria; ,in Aegean Sea.11. Three elements of European feudalism are , , .12. is a famous Anglo-Saxon national epic and is a famous French epic.13. The masterpieces of Dante Alighieri and Geoffrey Chaucer are respectively14. , a book of 100 tales by seven young ladies and three young gentlemen ontheir way to escape the Black Death of 1348, is Giovanni Boccaccio’s great work.15. The supreme colorist, , is called the father of modern mode of painting.16. Spanish writer is regarded as the father of modern European novel andhis is famous known for his work .17. The praise of Folly is the work of of the Netherlands.18. is the famous engraver in Germany; his works includeand .19. Thomas More’s famous work is .20. Two famous political works of Ni ccolò Machiavelli are and .21. put forth Heliocentric theory and put forth the threeprinciples in Geometry in 17th century.22. Acceleration in dynamics and law of inertia are found by .23. Sir Issac Newton founded , , and .24. was the first person who held philosophy should be separated from religion inEngland.25. Pierre Corneille’s work discussed the relation betweenlove and responsibility.26. portrayed the tragic aspects of the conflict of human passion with rational duty through his works Andromaque and Phaedra.27. opposed feudal ideas and exposed the hypocrisies and follies of the society through his comedies by his works such as Tartuffe,Le Misanthrope and L’Avare.28. is believed to have founded the Israelite nation.29. Old Testament is written in Hebrew language and the New Testament is written in language.30. Christianity splits into Catholicism and Eastern Orthodox.III. Finish the following tasks with brief accounts. (30 points: 5 points each) the four dramatists and their works of ancient Greece.2.The main philosophical ideas of Plato and Aristotle.3.Introduce the “new” institutions of Europe in Middle Ages.4.List the three influential artists during the High Renaissance and their masterpieces.5.Tell the reasons for the declining of Renaissance.6.Mention the geographical discoveries during 15th and 16th centuries.杨智慧《欧洲文化入门》试题B 1。

《欧洲文化入门》复习题

《欧洲文化入门》复习题I. Complete each of following sentences with the most likely answer. (考30题，每题1分)1.In ___________ the Roman conquered Greece.A. 1200B.C. B. 700 B. C. C. 146 B. C.D. The 5th century2.Which of the following works described the war led by Agamemnon against thecity of Troy?A. Oedipus the KingB. IliadC. OdysseyD. Antigone3.Which of the following is NOT the plays written by Aeschylus?A. AntigoneB. AgamemnonC. PersiansD. Prometheus Bound4.Which of the following is NOT the plays written by Sophocles?A. ElectraB. AntigoneC. Trojan WomanD. Oedipus the King5.Who was the founder of scientific mathematics?A. HeracleitusB. AristotleC. SocratesD. Pythagoras6.Who is chiefly noted for his doctrine that “man is the measure of all things”?A. ProtagorasB. PythagorasC. PyrrhonD. Epicurus11.Who wrote, “I came, I saw, I conquered”?A. HoraceB. Julius CaesarC. VirgilD. Marcus Tullius Cicero12.The author of the philosophical poem On the Nature of things is ___________.A. VirgilB. Julius CaesarC. HoraceD. Lucretius13.Which of the following is not Roman architecture?A. The ColosseumB. The PanthenonC. The ParthenonD. Pont du Gard14.Who wrote, “Captive Greece took her rude conqueror captive”?A. SapphoB. PlatoC. VirgilD. Horace15.Which of the following is by far the most influential in the West?_______A. BuddismB. IslamismC. ChristianityD. Judaism16.The Old Testament consists of 39 books, the oldest and most important of whichare the first five books, called __________.A. ExodusB. CommandmentsC. AmosD. Pentaeuch19.After the _______ century Nestorianism reached China.A. sixthB. fifthC. secondD. third20.Which of the following emperors made Christianity the official religion of theempire and outlawed all other religions? __________A. TheodosiusB. AugustusC. Constantine ID. Nero Caesar21.Which of the following emperors issued the Edict of Milan and made Christianitylegal in 313? __________A. AugustusB. ThedosiusC. NeroD. Constantine I22.At the age of 30, Jesus Christ received the baptism at the hands of _________.A. St. PeterB. St. PaulC. John BaptistD. John Wycliff23.By 1693, the whole of the Bible had been translated in _________languages.A. 228B. 974C. 1202D. 15424.When printing was invented in the 1500’s, the _______ Bibl e was the firstcomplete work printed.A. EnglishB. LatinC. AramaicD. Hebrew25.When did the standard American edition of the Revised Version appear? _______A. 1885B. 1611C. 1901D. 197927.The Middle Ages is also called the _________.A. “Age of Christianity”B. “Age of Literature”C. “Age of Holy Spirit”D. “Age of Faith”28.According to the code of chivalry, which of the following is not pledged to do fora knight? _______A. To be loyal to his lordB. To fight for the churchC. To obey without question the orders of the abbotD. To respect women of noble birth29.When was a noble crowned as a knight in the Middle Ages in Western Europe?_______A. At the age of 14.B. When he was taught to say his prayers, learned good manners and ran errandsfor the ladies.C. At a special ceremony known as dubbing.D. When he was pledged to fight for the church.30.Under feudalism, what were the three classes of people of westernEurope?________A. clergy, knights and serfsB. Pope, bishop and peasantsC. clergy, lords and peasantsD. knights, nobles and serfs31.By which year the Moslems had taken over the last Christian stronghold and wonthe crusades and ruled all the territory in Palestine that the crusaders had fought to control? ________A. 1270B. 1254C. 1096D. 129137.Which of the following was crowned “Emperor of the Romans” by the Pope in800? ______A. St. Thomas AquinasB. CharlemagneC. ConstantineD. King James38.Who is the author of the Opus Maius? ________A. Roger BaconB. Dante AlighieriC. ChaucerD. St. Thomas Aquinas41.Which of the following works is written by Boccaccio? _______A. DecameronB. CanzoniersC. DavidD. Moses42.Who is the author of the painting, Betrayal of Judas? ________A. GiottoB. BrunelleschiC. DonatelloD. Giorgione43.Which of the following High Renaissance artists is the father of the modern modeof painting? _______A. RaphaelB. TitianC. da VinciD. Michelangelo44.Which of the following High Renaissance artists was best known for his Madona(Virgin Mary)?A. TitianB. da VinciC. MichelangeloD. Raphael45.Which of the following paintings was based on the story in the Bible with Mariariding on a donkey ready to face the hardship ahead? ________A. TempestaB. Sacred and Profane LoveC. Flight into EgyptD. The Return of the Hunters52.Which of the following works was written by Rabelais, in which he praises thegreatness of man, expresses his love of love and his reverence and sympathy for humanist learning? _______A.Gargantua and PantagruelB. Don QuixoteC. The Praise of FollyD. Utopia53.Which of the following works is worth reading for Montaigne’s humanist ideasand a style which is easy and familiar? ________A. SonnetsB. DecameronC. RabelaisD. Of Repentance54.Which of the following is NOT French writer poet? _______A. CervantesB. Pierre de RonsardC. RabelaisD. Montaigne55.In 1516 who published the first Greek edition of the New Testament?_________A. BruegelB. ErasmusC. El GrecoD. Rabelais58.The author of The Revolution of the Heavenly Orbs is _______?A. KeplerB. CopernicusC. GalileoD. Newton59.Galileo is the greatest name in the physics of the 17th century. His telescopemagnified objects _______.A. a thousand timesB. a hundred timesC. ten-thousand timesD. five-hundred times60.Engels said: “The revolutionary act by which natural science declared itsindependence… was the publication of the immortal work…”, what does theimmortal work refer to ?_______A. Sidereus NunciusB. New Eassays Concerning Human UnderstandingC. New system of NatureD. The Revolution of the Heavenly Orbs65. ________ and Newton invented independently the differential and integral calculus.A. DescartesB. CopernicusC. LeibnizD. Kepler66.Which of the following works was not written by Francis Bacon? ________A. Essay Concerning Human UnderstandingB. The Novum Organum (New Method)C. The New AtlantisD. The Advancement of Learning67.Which of the following philosophers believed that man is selfish by nature?_______A. John LockeB. DescartesC. Pierre GassendiD. Thomas Hobbes68.In 1644, John Milton wrote a protest against a parliamentary decree re-imposingcomplete censorship of the press. This was his best known prose ______.A. AndromaqueB. AreopagiticaC. Paradise LostD. Paradise Regained69.Which of the following is NOT the content of the Bill of Rights which limited theSovereign’s power in certain important directions? ________A. Parliament was responsible for all the law making.B. The power of suspending the laws by royal authority was declared to be illegal.C. The King should levy no money at any time.D. The King should not keep a standing army in time of peace without consent ofParliament.78.Which of the following artists helped to bring the Roman Baroque style to itsclimax? ______A. RubensB. BorrominiC. CaravaggioD. Bernini79.Which of the following artists helped to spread the Baroque style to North Europe?______A. RubensB. VelazquezC. BorrominiD. Bernini80.In painting of the 17th century, who won international fame and his style isbasically classical, his figures are frozen and their action stiff? _____A. Christopher WrenB. RembrandtC. PoussinD. RubbensII. Fill in the following blanks. （考10空，每空1分）1.European culture is made up of many elements, two of these elements areconsidered to be more enduring and they are the Greco-Roman element and the Judeo-Christian element.2.The three great tragic dramatists of ancient Greece are Aeschylus, Sophocles, andEuripides.3.To illustrate the principle of the level, Archimedes is said to have told the king:“Give me a place to stand, and I will move the world.”4.In the 4th century, the emperor Constantine moved the capital from Rome toByzantium, renamed it Constantinople ( modern Istanbul ).5.She-wolf is the statue which illustrates the legend of creation of Roman.6.Among all the religions by which people seek to worship, Christianity is by far themost influential in the West.7.The Bible is a collection of religious writings comprising two parts: the OldTestament and the New Testament.8.In European history, the thousand year period following the fall of the WestRoman Empire in the fifth century is called the Middle Ages.9.As a knight, he was pledged to protect the weak, to fight for the church, to beloyal to his lord and to respect women of noble birth. These rules were known as code of chivalry, from which the western idea of good manners developed.10.Under feudalism, people of Western Europe were mainly divided into threeclasses: clergy, lords and peasants.11.To express their religious feelings, many people in the Middle Ages went onjourneys to sacred places where early Christian leaders had lived. The most important of all was Jerusalem.12.Beowulf is an Anglo-Sexon epic, in alliterative verse, originating from thecollective efforts of oral literature.13.Loenardo da Vinci’s major works: Last Supper is the most famous of religiouspictures; Mona Lisa probably is the world’s most famous portrait.14.The Reformation led by Martin Luther which swept over the whole of Europe wasaimed at opposing the absolute authority of the Roman Catholic Church and replacing it with the absolute authority of the Bible.15.Cervantes crowned literature of Spain and Shakespeare of England during theRenaissance.16.The Puritan Movement was the religious cause of the English Revolution.17.Corneille, Racine, and Moliere are the three major dramatists of the Frenchneoclassicism in the 17th century.III. Decide whether the following statements are true or false.（考10题，每题1分）1.Diogenes is chiefly noted for his doctrine that “ man is the measure of all things.”F2.Sappho was considered the most important lyric poet of ancient Greece. T3.Venus de Milo was discovered in the island of Milo in 1920. F4.Roman law eventually became the core of modern civil and commercial law inmany Western countries. T5.The Romans greatly admired Greek works and freely borrowed from them. Andbesides being profound, powerful and beautiful, their own writings showed little originality. F6.After 392 A.D., Christianity had changed from an object of oppression to aweapon in the hands of the ruling class to crush their opponents. T7.The Bible is much more than a religious book; it is really an encyclopedia: history,literature, philosophy and record of great minds. T8.The Old Testament was originally written in Hebrew, the New Testament in apopular form of Latin. F9.During the Medieval times there was no central government to keep the order. Theonly organization that seemed to unite Europe was feudalism. F10.Some of the hermits were great scholars known as “ Father of the Church”, whosework is generally considered orthodox. T11.Charlemagne wanted to rule as the emperors of Rome had done in ancient timesand eventually was crowned “ Emperor of the Romans” by himself in 800. F 12.Where the impact with Italy was most strongly felt in fine arts, in France it wasliterature and in England it was philosophy and drama. T13.After Reformation, in religion, Protestantism brought into being different formsof Christianity to challenge the absolute rule of the Roman Catholic Church. T 14.The Cartesian doubt is summarized in his motto: “ I doubt, therefore I th ink: Ithink , therefore I am.”T15.Baroque art, flourished first in Spain was characterized by dramatic intensity andsentimental appeal with a lot of emphasis on light and color. F16.The designing and building of St. Paul’s Cathedral is the landmark in Fr encharchitecture. F17.The three composers of the classical music , Bach ,Haydn and Mozart are knownas the Viennese School. F18.The representatives of the Later Romantics in music are Berlioz, Liszt, Wagner,Verdi, Brahms, and Tchaikovsky. T19.As Isaac Newton dominated 17th-century science with his discovery of the lawsgoverning the bodies of the universe, so Charles Darwin dominated 18th-centuryscience, for he discovered the laws governing the evolution of man himself. F20.Black humo r is a kind of desperate humor. It is the laughter at tragic things. Man’sfate is decided by comprehensible powers. We can’t do anything about it, therefore we may as well laugh. FIV. Explain the following terms in English. （考3个名词，每词10分）1.Humanism ---Broadly, this term suggests any attitude, which tends to exalt the human element or stress the importance of human interests, as opposed to the supernatural, divine element—or as opposed to the grosser, animal elements. In a more specific sense, humanism suggests a devotion to those studies supposed to promote human culture most effectively—in particular, those dealing with the life, thought, language and literature of ancient Greece and Rome. In literary of classical culture that accompanied the Renaissance.2.Enlightenment ---The Enlightenment was an intellectual movement originating in France, which attracted widespread support among the ruling and intellectual classes of Europe and North America in the second half of the 18th century. It characterizes the efforts by certain European writers to use critical reason to free minds from prejudice, unexamined authority and oppression by church or State. Therefore, the Enlightenment is sometimes called the Age of Reason.3.Neo-classicism ---It was initiated by Dryden, culminated in Pope and continued by Johnson. Neo-classicists modeled themselves on classical, ancient Greek and Latin authors. They wanted to achieve perfect form in literature. They general tended to look at social and political life critically. They emphasize on intellect rather than imagination. They observed fixed laws and rules in literary creation. Poets preferred heroic couplet. In drama, they adhered to three unities, time, place and action. They emphasized on the didactic function of literature.4. Calvinism ---The French theologian put his thoughts in his Institutes of the Christian Religion, which was known as Calvinism. Calvinism rejected the papal authorities and stressed the absolute authority of God' s will, holding that only those specially elected by God are saved. It also held that any form of sinfulness was a likely sign of damnation whereas ceaseless work could be a sign of salvation. Many historians have suggestedthat Calvinism helped to pave the way for Capitalism.5. Reformation ---It was a 16th century religious movement as well as a socio-political movement. It was led by Martin Luther and swept over the whole of Europe. This movement was aimed at opposing the absolute authority of the Roman Catholic Church and replacing it with the absolute authority of the Bible. The Reformers believed in direct communication between the individual and God, engaged themselves in translating the Bible into their mother tongues, urged the Church to have institutional reforms and were interested in liberating national economy and politics from the interference of the Roman Catholic Church and carrying out wars in the interests of the peasants and revolution in the interests of the bourgeoisie. The Reformation dealt the feudal theocracy a fatal blow and shattered Medieval Church's stifling control over man, thus paving the way for capitalism.V. Write on the following topic in the corresponding space on the answer sheet. （20分）It is said that the Bible has shaped Western culture more decisively than anything else ever written. Do you agree with this statement? Please give your own reasons.(1) Yes, I agree with the statement. (2’)(2) Introduction to the Bible. (8’)(3) Bible’s significant place in Western culture. (10’)。

《欧洲文化入门》练习及参考答案

《欧洲文化入门》练习及参考答案欧洲文化入门各章练习及答案第一章填空题：1. The richness of European Culture was created by ________element and _________element. Greco-Roman Judeo-Christian2. The Homer’s epics consisted of_________. Iliad and Odyssey3. ________ is th e first writer of “problem plays”. Euripides4. __________ is called “Father of History”. Herodotus5. ________is the greatest historian that ever lived. Thucydides6. The dividing range in the Roman history refers to ________. 27 B.C.7. “I came, I saw, I conquered.” is a famous saying by _______. Julius Caesar8. The representation form of Greek Democracy is __________. citizen-assembly.判断题1. Euclid says “Give me a place to stand, and I will move the world”. (×) Archimedes2. Herodotus’s his torical writing is on the war between Anthens and Sparta. (×) Greeks and Persians名词解释：1. Pax Romana答：In the Roman history ,there came two hundred years of peaceful time, which was guaranteed by the Roman legions, it was known as Pax Romana2. “Democracy” in ancient Greece答：1）Democracy means “exercise of power by the whole people”, but in Greece by “the whole people” the Greeks meant only the adult male citizens.2）Women, children, foreigners and slaves were excluded from Democracy.论述题：1. How did the Greek Culture originate and develop?1) Probably around 1200 B.C., a war was fought between Greece and troy. This is the war that Homer refers to in his epics.2) Greek culture reached a high point of development in the 5th century B.C.A. The successful repulse of the Persian invasion early in the 5th century.B. The establishment of democracy.C. The flourishing of science, philosophy, literature, art and historical writing in Athens.3)The 5th century closed with civil war between Athens and Sparta.4) In the second half of the 4th century B.C., Greece was conquered by Alexander, king of Macedon. Whenever he wentand conquered, whenever Greek culture was found.5) Melting between Greek culture and Roman culture in 146 B.C., the Romans conquered Greece.2. What is the great significance of Greek Culture on the later-on cultural development?答：There has been an enduring excitement about classical Greek culture in Europe and elsewhere Rediscovery of Greek culture played a vital part in the Renaissance in Italy and other European countries.1) Spirit of innovationThe Greek people invented mathematics and science and philosophy; They first wrote history as opposed to mere annals; They speculated freely about the nature of the world and the ends of life, without being bound in the fetters ofany inherited orthodoxy.2) Supreme AchievementThe Greeks achieved supreme achievements in nearly all fields of human endeavour: Philosophy, science, epic poetry, comedy, historical writing, architecture, etc.3) Lasting effectA. Countless writers have quoted, borrowed from and otherwise used Homer’s epics, the tragedies of Aeschylus and Sophocles and Euripides, Aristop hanes’s comedies, Plato’s Dialogues,ect.B. In the early part of the 19th century, in England alone, three young Romantic poets expressed their admiration of Greek culture in works which have themselves become classics: Byron’s Isles of Greece, Shelley’s Hellas and Prometheus Unbound and Keats’s Ode on a Grecian Urn.C. In the 20th century, there are Homeric parallels in the Irishman James Joyce’s modernist masterpiece Ulysses.3. What is the similarity and difference between Greek culture and Roman culture?答：1) similarities:A. Both peoples had traditions rooted in the idea of the citizen-assembly.B. Their religions were alike enough for most of their deities to be readily identified, and their myths to be fused.C. Their languages worked in similar ways, both being members of the Indo-European language family.2) differences:A. The Romans built up a vast empire; the Greeks didn’t, except for the brief moment of Alexander’s conquests, which soon disintegrated.B. The Romans were confident in their own organizational power, their military and administrative capabilities.4. What is the Rome historical background?答：1) The history of Rome divided into two periods: Before the year 27 B.C., Rome had been a republic; from the year 27 B.C., Octavius took supreme power as emperor with the title of Augustus and Roman Empire began.2) Two centuries later, the Roman Empire reached its climax, marked by land a rea’s extension: Encircling the Mediterranean.3) Strong military power: the famous Roman legions.4) In the Roman history ,there came two hundred years of peaceful time, which was guaranteed by the Roman legions,it was known as Pax Romana.5) Another important contribution made by the Romans to European culture was Roman Law.6) The empire began to decline in the 3rd century.A. In the 4th century the emperor Constantine moved the capital from Rome to Byzantium.Renamed it Constantinople (modern Istanbul).B. After 395, the empire was divided into East (The Byzantine Empire) and WestC. In 476 the last emperor of the West was deposed by Goths and this marked the end of the West Roman Empire.D. The East Roman Empire collapsed when Constantinople fell to the Turks in 1453.第二章填空题：1. ___________is by far the most influential in the West. Christianity2. The Hebrews history was recorded in _________of the Bible. the Old Testament3. The New Testament is about _________. the doctrine of Jesus Christ4. The story about God’s flooding to the human being and only good-virtue being saved was recorded in Genesis,Pentateuch, the Old Testament, the Bible, which was known as _________. Noah’s Ark.5. The Birth of Jesus was recorded in ________. Matthew6. The story about Jesus being pinned in the cross to death was known as _________. The Last Supper.7. The first English version of whole Bible was translated from the Latin Vulgate in 1382 and was copied out by handby the early group of reformers led by _________. John Wycliff.名词解释:1. The Old TestamentThe Bible was divided into two sections: the Old Testament and the New Testament. The Old Testament is about God and the Laws of God. The word “Testament” means “agreement”, the agreement between God and Man.2. PentateuchThe Old Testament consists of 39 books, the oldest and most important of which are the first five books, called Pentateuch. Pentateuch contains five books: Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, Deuteronomy.3. GenesisGenesis is one of the five books in Pentateuch, it tells about a religious account of the origin of the Hebrews people, including the origin of the world and of man, the career of Issac and the life of Jacob and his son Joseph.4. ExodusExodus is one of the five books in Pentateuch, it tells about a religious history of the Hebrews during their flight from Egypt, the period when they began to receive God’s Law. Joshua brought the people safely back toCanaan.5. The Book of DanielThe Book of Daniel belongs to The Old Testament of the Bible. It tells about the Hebrews being carried away into Babylon.论述简答题：1. What are the beliefs of Christianity?答：Christianity based itself on two forceful beliefs which separate it from all other religions. 1）One is that Jesus Christ is the Son of God, and that God sent him to earth to live as humans live, suffer as humans suffer, and die to redeem mankind.2）The other is that God gave his only begotten son , so that whosoever believes in him should not perish, but have everlasting life.2. What are the different translation editions of the Bible?答：1)The oldest extant Greek translation of the Old Testament is known as the Septuagint. And it is still in use in the Greek Church today. But it only translated the Old Testament.2) The most ancient extant Latin version of the whole Bible is the Vulgate edition, which was done in 385-405 A.D. By St. Jerome in common people’s language. It became the official Bible of the Roman Catholic Church throughout the world.3) The first English version of whole Bible was translated from the Latin Vulgate in 1382 and was copied out by hand by the early group of reformers led by John Wycliff.4) After John Wycliff’s version, appeared William Tyndale’s version. It was based on the original Hebrew and Greek sources.5) The Great Bible ordered by Henry Ⅷin 1539 to be placed in allthe English churches was in part founded on Tyndale’s work.6) The most imp ortant and influential of English Bible is the “Authorized” or “King James” version, first published in 1611. It was produced by 54 biblical scholars at the command of King James. With its simple, majestic Anglo-Saxon tongue, it is known as the greatest book in the English languages.7) The Revised Version appeared in 1885, and the standard American edition of the Revised Version in 1901.8) The Good News Bible and the New English Bible.3. What is the great significance of the translations of the bible?答：1) It is generally accepted that the English Bible and Shakespeare are two great reservoirs of Modern English.2) Miltion’s Paradise Lost, Bunyan’s Pilgrim’s Progress, Byron’s Cain, up to the contemporary Hemingway’s The Sun Also Rises, and Steinbeck’s East of Eden. They are not influenced without the effect of the Bible.第三章填空题：1. In _______ a Germanic (日耳曼) general killed the last Roman emperor and took control of the government. 4762. After 1054, the church was divided into _________ and _______. the Roman Catholic Church and the Eastern Orthodox Church.3. _______ is the one who translated into Latin both Old and New Testament from the Hebrew and Greek originals. St. Jerome4. ______introduced French and Italy writing the English native alliterative verse.5. Both ___________are the best representative of the middle English. Chaucer and The Canterbury Tales6. _________ paved the way for the development of what is the present-day European culture. the Middel Ages名词解释1. the Middle agesIn European history, the thousand-year period following the fall of the Western Roman Empire in the fifth century is called the Middle Ages. The middle ages is so called because it came between ancient times and modern times. To be specific, from the 5th century to 15th century.2. FeudalismFeudalism in Europe was mainly a system of land holding—a system of holding land inexchange for military service. The word “feudalism” was derived from the Latin “feudum”, a grant of land.3. The ManorThe centre of medieval life under feudalism was the manor. Manors were founded on the fiefs of the lords. By the twelfth century manor houses were made of stone and designed as fortresses. They came to be called castles.4. Carolingian RenaissanceCarolingian Renaissance is derived from Charlemagne’s name in Latin, Carolus. The most interesting facet of this rather minor renaissance is the spectacle of Frankish or Germanic state reaching out to assimilate the riches of the Roman Classical and the Christianized Hebraic culture.5. Gothic1) The Gothic style started in France and quickly spread through all parts of Western Europe.2) It lasted from the mid-12th to the end of 15th century and, in some areas, into the 16th. More churches were built in this manner than in any other style in history.3) The Gothic was an outgrowth of the Romanesque.论述简答题：1. Why is the middle ages is called Age of Faith？答：1) During the Medieval times there was no central government to keep the order. The only organization that seemed to unite Europe was the Christian church.2) The Christian church continued to gain widespread power and influence.3) In the Late middle ages, almost everyone in western Europe wasa Christian and a member of the Christian Church. Christianity took the lead in politics, law, art, and learningfor hundreds of years.4) It shaped people’s lives. That is why the middle ages is also called the “Age of Faith”. 2. What is the great significance of the Crusades?答：1) The crusades brought the East into closer contact with the West. And they greatly influenced the history of Europe.2) During the wars while many of the feudal lords went to fight in Palestine, kings at home found opportunities to strengthen themselves. Thus among other things, Crusades helped to break down feudalism, which, in turn led to the rise of the monarchies.3) Besides, through their contact with the more cultured Byzantines and Moslems, the western Europeans changed many of their old ideas. Their desire for wealth or power began to overshadow their religious ideals.4) The Crusades also result ed in renewing people’s interest in learning and invention. By the13th century, universities had spread all over Europe. Such knowledge as Arabic numerals, algebra , and Arab medicine were introduced to the West.5) As trade increased, village and towns began to grow into cities. And the rise of towns and trade in western Europe paved the way of the growth of strong national governments.3. How did learning and science develop in the Middle Ages?答：1) Charlemagne and Carolingian Renaissance:A. He was crowned “Emperor of the Romans” by the pope in 800.B. Carolingian Renaissance is derived from Charlemagne’s name in Latin, Carolus. The most interesting facet of this rather minor renaissance is the spectacle of Frankish or Germanic state reaching out to assimilate the riches of the Roman Classical and the Christianized Hebraic culture.2) Alfred the Great and Wessex Centre of Learning:A. He promoted translations into the vernacular from Latin works.B. He also inspired the compilation of the Anglo-Saxon Chronicles.3) St. Thomas Aquinas and Scholasticism:4) Roger Bacon and Experimental Science:A. Roger Bacon, a monk, was one of the earliest advocates of scientific research.B. He called for careful observation and experimentation. His main work was the Opus maius.4. How did literature develop in the middle ages?答：1) The epic was the product of the Heroic Age. It was an important and mostly used form in ancient literature.“National epic” refers to the epic written in vernacular languages—that is, the languages of various national states that came into being in the Middle Ages. Literary works were no longer all written in Latin. It was the starting point of a gradual transition of European literature from Latin culture to a culture that was the combination of a variety of national characteristics. Both Beowulf and song of Roland were the representative works of the National Epics.2) Dante Alighieri and The Divine Comedy:A. His masterpiece, The Divine Comedy, is one of the landmarks of world literature.B. The poem expresses humanistic ideas which foreshadowed the spirit of Renaissance.C. Dante wrote his masterpiece in Italian rather than in Latin.3) Geoffery Chaucer and The Canterbury Tales:A. The Canterbury Tales were his most popular work.B. Most of the tales are written in verse which reflects Chaucer’s innovation by introducing into the native alliterativeverse the French and Italian styles.C. Chaucer is thus to be , regarded as the first short story teller and the first modern poet in English literature.D. Chaucer and the Canterbury Tales were representative of the Middle ages.5. What is the difference between the vernacular language used in the National epics and the vernacular language used by Mark twain?答：1) The epic was the product of the Heroic Age. It was an important and mostly used form in ancient literature.“National epic” refers to the epic written in vernacular languages—that is, the languages of various national states that came into being in the Middle Ages. Literary works were no longer all written in Latin. It was the starting point of a gradual transition of European literature from Latin culture to a culture that was the combination of a variety of national characteristics. Both Beowulf and song of Roland were the representative works of the National Epics.2) The vernacular language used by Mark twain refers to both local and colloq language used in the Mississippi area, with a strong characteristic of that region. Mark twain used vernacular language not only in dialogue, but also in narration.3) His representative works Life on the Mississippi.6. What were the power and influence of the Roman Catholic church in the Medieval times?1) With a highly centralized and disciplined international organization from priests to Pope, the Roman Catholic Church seemed to be the only unity across the western Europe of the Medieval times. It developed a civilization based on Christianity and helped to preserve and pass on the heritage of the classical cultures by the official language of Latin.2) with the Pope as the supreme head of all the Christian Churches of the western Europe, the Catholic (meaning universal) church received heavy taxes from lay people and various supports from nobles and kings. Church could remove any opponents political rights or even emperors, with the powerful symbol of the Inquisition, the Church court to punish heresy.3) The Medieval Church was the center of the Europeans’ daily life and almost everyone became a member of theChurch. People turned to the Church for comfort and spiritual guidance; the Church also was the center of holy communion, recreation, trade and communal activity.4) Clergy then was the only literate class, so kings and nobles used them to implement important secular governmental duties.5) The Church took th e lead in politics, law, art, and learning throughout the “Age of Faith”. For example, Romanesque and Gothic arts were predominantly religious; in learning, it influenced greatly the western thinking with the monks’ work on copying and translating ancient books, the Church Fathers’ philosophy, Monasticism, Scholasticism and Experimental science.6) originally for regaining the holy city of Jerusalem, the Church launched 200-year Crusades, which helped to bread down feudalism and enhanced the cultural contact between the West and the East.第四章填空题：1. Renaissance started in ________ and ________ with the flowering of paintings, sculpture and architecture. Florence and Venice.2. In Renaissance literature of Italy, _______ was the representative poet. Petrarch3. At the heart of the Renaissance philosophy was the assertion of _________. the greatness of man.4. The idea of the greatness of man is reflected in __________ literature. Shakespeare’s5. The national religion established after reformation in England was called _______. The church of England or The Anglican Church.6. It was under the reign of _______ that reformation was successful in England. Henry Ⅷ.7. Montaigne was a French humanist known for his _______. “Essais”(Essays).8. The representative novelist of Renaissance in Spain was __________ with his famous work_______, which marked European culture entry into a new stage. Cervantes Don Quixote9. The Venus of Urbino is ___________ works. Titian10. _______ translated the whole Bible with the vernacular language. Martin Luther名词解释:1. RenaissanceGenerally speaking, Renaissance refers to the period between the 14th and mid-17th century. The word “Renaissance” means revival, specifically in this period of hist ory, revival of interest in ancient Greek and Roman culture. Renaissance, in essence, was a historical period in which the European humanist thinkers and scholars made attempts to get rid of conservatism in feudalist Europe and introduce new ideas that expressed the interests of the rising bourgeoisie, to lift the restrictions in all areas placed by the Roman church authorities.2. ReformationThe Reformation was a 16th century religious movement as well as a socio-political movement. It began as Martin Luther posted on the door of the castle church at the University of Wittenberg his 95 thesis. This movement which swept over the whole of Europe was aimed at opposing the absolute authority of the Roman Catholic Church and replacing it with the absolute authority of the Bible. The reformists engaged themselves in translating the Bible into their mother tongues.3. Counter-ReformationBy late 1520 the Roman Catholic Church had lost its control over the church in Germany. The Roman Catholic Church did not stay idle. They mustered their forces, the dedicated Catholic groups, to examine the Church institutions and introduce reforms and improvements, to bring back its vitality. This recovery of power is often called by historiansthe Counter-Reformation.论述简答题：1. What are the Geographical Discoveries in the Renaissance?答：The Renaissance was the golden age of geographical discoveries: by the year of 1600 the surface of the known earth was doubled.1)Columbus: Columbus discovered the land of America. On his fourth voyage he explored the coast of Central America.2)Dias: Dias was a Portuguese navigator who discovered the Cape of Good Hope in 1487.3)Da Gama: Gama was a Portuguese navigator, who discovered the route to India round the Cape of Good Hope between the years of 1497 and 1498.4)Amerig：Amerigo was the Italian navigator on whose honour America was named. His discovered and explored the mouth of the Amazon and accepted South America as a new continent.2. What positive influence does the reformation exert on world culture?答:1)The Roman Catholic Church was never the international court to which all rulers and states were to be morally responsible for.2)Economically, peasants all over Europe had no need to pay a good amount of their gains to the Pope.3)In educational and cultural matters, the monopoly of the church was broken.4)In religion, Protestantism brought into being different forms of Christianity to challenge the absolute rule of the Roman Catholic Church.5)In language, the dominant position of Latin had to give way to the national languages as a result of various translations of the Bible into thevernacular.6)In spirit, absolute obedience became out-moded and the spirit of quest, debate , was ushered in by the reformists.3. What contribution did the Renaissance make to the world culture?答：1、The Renaissance created a culture which freed man to discover and enjoy the world ina way not possible under the medieval Church’s dispensation.2、The Reformation dealt the feudal theocracy a fatal blow.第五章填空题：1. The modern world, so far as mental outlook is concerned, begins in ________. the 17th century2. _________ formed the basis of all modern planetary astronomy and led to Newton’s discovery of the laws of gravitation. Kepler’s Laws3. “Knowledge is power.” By _____. Fr ancis Bacon4. Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested. By _____. Francis Bacon5. Leviathan is written by ________. Tomas Hobbes6. The English Revolution is also called __________. Bourgeoisie Revolution.7. In _______, the Bill of Rights was enacted by the English Parliament. 16898. There are two leaders in the English Revolution. _______ was the man of action and ________ the man of thought. Cromwell, Milton.9. The best representative of French neoclassicism is ________. Molière名词解释：1. the laws of gravitation: the sun, the moon, the earth, the planets, and all the other bodies in the universe move in accordance with the same basic force, which is call gravitation.2. ClassicismClassicism implies the revival of the forms and traditions of the ancient world, a return to works of old Greek literature from Homer to Plato and Aristotle. But French classicism of the 17th century was not conscious of being a classical revival. It intended to produce a literature, French to the core, which was worthy of Greek and classical ideals.This neoclassicism reached its climax in France in the 17th century.3. Baroque ArtBaroque Art, flourished first in Italy, and then spread to Spain, Portugal, France in south Europe and to Flander and the Netherlands in the North. It was characterized by dramaticintensity and sentimental appeal with a lot of emphasis on light and colour.论述简答1. Why do we say the 17th century is a transitional period from middle ages to the modern times?答：1) This advance began in science, in astronomy, physics and pure mathematics, owing to the work of Galileo, Kepler, Newton and Descartes.2) The outlook of educated men was transformed. There was a profound change in the conception of men’s place in the universe.3) The new science and philosophy gave a great push to the political struggle waged by the newly emerged class, the bourgeoisie, and other chasses.4) The modern world, so far as mental outlook is concerned, begins in the 17th century.2. What are the merits shared by the Great Scientists of 17th century？答：During the 17th century, the modern Scientific method began to take shape. It emphasized observation and experimentation before formulating a final explanation or generalization. Copernicus、Kepler、Galileo、Newton and other scientists of the time shared two merits which favoured the advance of science.1) First, they showed boldness in framing hypotheses.2) Second, they all had immense patience in observation.3) The combination of the two merits brought about fundamental changes in man’s scientific and philosophical thinking.3. What is Baconian Philosophical system?答：1) The whole basis of his philosophy was practical: to give mankind mastery over the forces of nature by means of scientific discoveries and inventions.2) He held that philosophy should be kept separate from theology, not intimately be blended with it as in Scholasticism.3) Bacon established the inductive method. Induction means reasoning from particular facts or individual cases to a general conclusion.. Deductive method emphasized reasoning from a known principle to the unknown and from thegeneral to the specific.4) In a word, to break with the past, and to restore man to his lost mastery of the natural world. This was what Bacon called the Great Instauration.4. What is the difference between Hobbes and Locke in terms of nature Law?答：For Locke, Nature Law, therefore, means a universally obligatory moral law promulgated by the human reason. Whereas for Hobbes it means the law of power, force and fraud.5. What is the different between Tomas Hobbes and John Locke in terms of Social Contract?1) John Lock’s Social Contract consists of :A. Society is out of necessity, convenience and man’s own interest, and therefore, society is natural to man.B. The institution of political society and government must proceed from the consent of those who are incorporated into political society and subject themselves to government.C. Locke emphasized that the social contract must be understood as involving the individual’s consent to submit to the will of the majority and that the will of the majority must prevail.D. Locke also believed that the ruler of government is one partner of the social contract. If he violates the social contract, then government is effectively dissolved. This idea was welcomed by the Americans during the AmericanRevolution and the bourgeoisie revolution in England.2 Tomas Hobbes’ Social Contract consists of:A. It is necessary that there should be a common power or government backed by force and able to punish.B. Commonwealth, in Latin, Civitas.C. To escape anarchy, men enter into a social contract, by which they submit to the sovereign. In return for conferring all their powers and strength to the sovereign, men attain peace and security.D. The powers of the sovereign must be absolute, and it is only be the centralization of authority in one person that the evil can be avoided.E. As to the form of government, Hobbes preferred monarchy.F. Government was not created by God, but by men themselves.3) Although both Tomas Hobbes and John Locke used the term “social contract”, they differed fundamentally.A. Firstly, Hobbes argued men enter a social contract to escape the state of war, for, in his view, men are enemies and at war with each other. Locke argued men are equal and that they enter a social contract by reason.B. Secondly, Hobbes argued that individuals surrender their rights to one man, the sovereign whose power is absolute.Locke argued that the individuals surrender their rights to the community as a whole. According to him, by majority vote a representative is chosen, but his power not absolute. If he fails to implement the people’s will, the people have the right to overthrow him.4. What is the great significance of the English Revolution?1、It was the first time that capitalism has defeated absolute monarchy in history.。

《欧洲文化入门》复习试题

外国语言文化学院英语系《欧洲文化入门》复习试题年级2010 班级姓名学号PART I—MULTIPLE CHOICE (50%) 考试时为50题，每题1分，共50分。

1.Three of the following statements are true with the early experience of Christianity. Which one is the exception?A.Unlike the Jews, the early Christians of the Roman Empire suffered persecutionB.Christianity was not the official religion of the Roman Empire until the 4th centuryC.Christianity spread in the cities of the empire, first in the east and later in the westD.It was Constantine’s toleration f or all religions that brought new life to Christianity2.Which one of the following statements is true with the leading factor that contributed to the birth of theByzantine, Islam and the west?A.The Roman Empire suffered attacks by both the Germans and the PersiansB.The emperor assimilated Germans to maintain peace and order of the empireC.The Roman Empire grew too large to control and to resist foreign invasionsD.The western half of the empire fragmented into smaller and weaker kingdoms3.The common features of the Byzantine, Islam and the west are _______.A.depopulated cities, unproductive land and fragmented powerB.one-God belief, and farming as the major means of productionC.towns as trade center, centralized power, and urban prosperityD.share of the same God, and of the same means of production4.Three of the following statements are true with the Early Middle Ages. Which one is the exception?A.The West was under the rule of the Carolingians for about 350 yearB.Farming and trade marked the major features of the economy thenC.Charlemagne’ empire was as large as the powerful Roman EmpireD.The Carolingians suffered attacks from the Muslims and the Vikings5.Three of the following statements are true with the Central Middle Ages. Which one is the exception?A.There was a religious reform in the papacy for democracyB.There was agricultural improvement with urban growthC.There were schools and universities located in city cathedralsw, medicine, and theology became the focus of education6.Three of the following statements are true with the Late Middle Ages. Which one is the exception?A.The West was under the pressure of population growthB.There was not much land available in the West any moreC.The West suffered the loss of population due to diseasesD.The West grew gradually independent of the papal control7.Three of the following statements are true with the historical significance of the Middle Ages. Which one is theexception?A.The liberal arts of the Middle Ages remain the core of the arts programs of today's collegesB.Universities that were established in the Middle Ages remain educational centers todayC.Separation of church and state remains the political practice in the western world todayD.Cities of the Middle Ages remain more commercial centers than political centers today8.Middle ages lasted___.A.about 350 yearsB.about 1450 yearsC.about 10 centuriesD.about 5 centuries9.At the beginning of the Middle ages___.A.the eastern half of the Roman Empire began to fragmentB.the western half of the Roman Empire began to fragmentC.the Roman Empire suffered Persian attack from the westD.the Roman Empire suffered German attack from the east10.In the Middle Ages, people thought they were___.A.living in the ancient timesB.living in the Middle AgesC.living in the modern timesD.living in the Dark Ages11.The term Middle Ages__.A.was invented by people during the RenaissanceB.was invented by people todayC.suggests a period of cultural changeD.suggests a period of literary change12.People in the Renaissance thought the time of Middle ages was___.A.more civilized than the time of ancient GreeceB.more advanced than their own timeC.uncivilizedD.as uncivilized as the time of ancient Rome13.The period of transformations of the Roman Empire into Middle Ages__.A.is often called Early Middle AgesB.is often called the Late Antiquitysted about 600 yearssted about 400 years14.In the transformations of the Roman Empire into Middle Ages___.A.political changes led to religious changeB.religious change led to politic changeC.political and religious change occurred at the same timeD.political changes suffered religious pressure15.The Roman pagans worshipped gods by no means connected to___.A.their ancestorsB.their homesC.various natural forcesD.Jehovah16.Christianity originated from__.A.TurkeyB.PalestineC.North AfricaD.the Western Europe17.Jesus lived in the __.A.early 1st centuryte 1st centuryC.early 2nd centuryte 2nd century18.The Palestine of Jesus' day included parts of the following except__.A. Israel todayB. Jordan todayC. Iraq todayD. Syria today19.Christianity was spread first__.A.by Jesus out of PalestineB.by Jesus' followers out of PalestineC.southwardsD.westwards20.Christians suffered persecution__.A.until the 2nd centuryB.until the 3rd centuryC.until the 4th centuryD.until the 5th century21.Constantine the Great declared __.A.Christianity as the only religionB.toleration for all religionsC.the end of paganismD.paganism illegal22.Christians considered pagan gods_.A. as demonsB. as humansC. incredibleD. supernatural23.In the Christian view, saints __.A.were only malesB.were only femalesC.were immortalD.were empowered by God24.Saints were considered as the following except___.A.models of virtueB.powerful miracle workersC.monksD.people with holy power25.Christianity focused on the__.A.events of the everyday worldB.damnation after deathC.salvationD.eternal health26.Fathers of the Church refer to__.A.some authors of Christian teachingsB.the PopesC.early churchmenD.monks in early churches27.The Germans in Late Antiquity__.A.shared with the Romans culturallyB.were always in a state of changeC.lived a farming lifeD.were skillful in agriculture28.The Germans by no means__.A.traded with the RomansB.admired the RomansC.adopted Roman habitsD.differed from the Romans biologically29.Beginning in the 4th century, army units of German were__.A.suppressed by the RomansB.eliminated by the RomansC.welcomed into the Roman Empire to defend the RomansD.driven by the Romans to settle in depopulated areas30.The Byzantine Empire lost huge portions of territory to__.A. the GermansB. the HunsC. the PersiansD. the Muslims31.By 750 the Muslims had __.A.conquered the Middle EastB.taken GreeceC.subdued TurkeyD.swept over Italy32.Which of the following is Not true about Muhammad, the Islam leader?A.He was a traderB.He used to be a paganC.He believed in one God that was different from the Jewish GodD.He was considered as a prophet who passed God's message to the Muslims33.Which of the following is Not true of Byzantium, Islam, and the West?A.belief in one GodB.belief in the separation of church and stateC.belief in the harmony between spiritual and worldly thingsD.the rural orientation of means of production34.People then by no means cared__.A.about rulers at the topB.about neighborsC.about local leadersD.about farming life35.Which of the following is common to Byzantium, Islam and the West?A.prosperous trading societyB.productive countrysideC.centralization of political powerD.local relationships among people36. The West was featured with__.A.thriving tradeB.centralization of governmentC.unproductive landD.prosperous urban society37. __kept fighting among themselves.A.Kingdoms in the WestB. MuslimsC. Rulers in ByzantiumD. The popes in Rome38. The pope and the Byzantine church shared the same__.A.understanding of the nature of GodB.God as the holy image of worshipC.view on the organization of the churchD.interpretation of Christianity39. The pope & the Byzantine church_.A.began their conflict in AD 1054B.have not healed their split yetC.split in AD 1054D.are still in conflict40. The Crusades by no means__.A.defeated the MuslimsB. weakened the MuslimsC. weakened ByzantiumD. strengthened Byzantium41. Byzantium was defeated by___.A. the TurksB. the GermansC. the PersiansD. the Huns42. The end of Byzantium marks__.A.the end of Roman EmpireB. the end of Middle AgesC. the end of ChristianityD. the end of monarchy43. The Russians by no means__.A.accepted ChristianityB. adopted Byzantine customsC. were AsiansD. were created by Germanic Vikings44. The Islamic world was unified __.A.by the MongolsB. in the 13th centuryC. by the PersiansD. by the Ottoman Turks45. The Merovingians by no means__.A.were well-civilized peopleB. were FranksC. were GermansD. served in the Roman military46. The Merovingians were infamous_.A.for being foreignersB. for being militantC. for being lazyD. for being barbaric47. The Merovingians became _.A.more civilized in the course of warB.less civilized in the course of warC.more civilized after adopting Roman institutionsD.more barbaric as they kept destroying Roman culture48. Monks in the Merovingian time__.A.lived the monasteriesB. lived in the templesC. lived in the nunneriesD. lived a secular life only49. Monks then by no means__.A.gave up material comfortB. marriedC. remain singleD. spent much of their time in prayer to God50. Monasteries were by no means__.A. elements of political lifeB. elements of religious lifeC. elements of economic lifeD. elements of moral life51.The Carolingians___.A.assimilated the MerovingiansB. were less civilizedC. came from AsiaD. subdued the Merovingians52.Charlemagne___.A.means Charles the GreatB. refers to the first monarchC. founded the royal dynastyD. was tired of war53.Charlemagne' empire was gained__.A. by personal loyaltyB. by forceC. by peaceD. by authority54.Charlemagne by no means maintained the empire___.A.through centralization of political powerB.through personal loyaltyC.through military actionsD.through centralized administrative institutions55.Charlemagne' empire was different from the Roman Empire for it was__.A.based on the Mediterranean SeaB.administered by the central powerC.ruled directly by the kingD.an empire of the Atlantic Ocean and the North Sea56.In the Charlemagne's empire, the royal officials do anything but__.A.carrying out royal lawsB.overseeing court casesC.getting money from the king for their servicesD.pledging faithfulness to the king57.In the Charlemagne's empire, the bishops do anything but__.A.checking up on local officialsB.giving money to the local officials for their servicesC.making sure that local officials carried out their duties wellD.attending the meetings called by the king58.Charlemagne wanted __.A.the pope to be more powerfulB.to be known as a Roman emperorC.to be known as a Christian emperorD.to be a Roman emperor59.Charlemagne preferred __.A.to be crowned by the popeB.to be a Roman emperorC.to be known as a Roman emperorD.to claim that he was crowned emperor by God60.Charlemagne set ___as his model.A. ConstantineB. the Roman EmpireC. the popeD. all the super-kings before him61.The Holy Roman Empire __.A.began in the 12th centuryB. began in the 13th centuryC. included Italy todayD. excluded Germany today62.The Holy Roman Empire lasted__.A. about 300 yearsB. about 400 yearsC. over 500 yearsD. over 600 years63.The Holy Roman emperor is __.A.viewed as a Roman emperorB. viewed as a second popeC. like a popeD. viewed as a Christian emperor64.Charlemagne converted the Saxons into Christianity__.A. by forceB. by baptismC. by building monasteriesD. by ministry65.To unify the empire Charlemagne_.A.only relied on executionB. first relied on ChristianityC. relied on personal loyaltyD. relied on the pope66.The Carolingian Renaissance was aimed at fulfilling the goal of___.A.reviving the wisdom of Roman writers onlyB.creating Christian literature onlyC.creating an orderly and unified Christian empireD.improving the works of art and literature of the time67.The Carolingian economy was__.pletely based on landB.mostly based on tradergely based on tradergely based on farming68.The breakup of the Carolingian Empire was caused by__.A.cooperative attacks from the Muslims, the Vikings and the MagyarsB.foreign invasions and internal conflictsC.the sons of CharlemagneD.the heir of Charlemagne69.Foreign invasions caused__.A. a stronger FranceB. a weaker EnglandC. a unified EnglandD.the unification of France and England70.As the Carolingian Empire split_.A.peasants were richerB.were happierC.warriors became peasantsD.warriors became equal to their lords71.From the 11th century through the 13th century, the West became__.A.an important world powerB.stronger than the Islamic worldC.more sophisticated than the Byzantine EmpireD.more prosperous than the Islamic world72.The Europeans did all the following except__ from the 11th century on.A.reviving old cities to remade their worldB.building new cities to remade their worldunching defensive wars to remade their worldD.creating universities to remade their world73.In the Central Middle Ages peasants were__.A.forced to make new landsB.encouraged to make new landsC.obliged to cut down forestsD.forced to pay more dues to landlords74.The landlords then preferred __.A. yearly dues of hensB. yearly dues of eggsC. yearly dues of farm laborD. a fixed money of rent75.Towns then acted more as___.A. trading centersB. political centersC. religious spotsD. tourist spots76.Cities then included anything but_.A. marketplaceB. cathedralsC. factoriesD. monasteries77.Guilds in the cities then were__.A.religious clubs onlyB. trade associations onlyC. controlling everythingD. communities of the craftsmen78.Fairs in towns then__.A.attracted foreign tradersB. were markets onlyC. were festivals onlyD. set up in the open air onlymunes in the 13th century as political and economic bodies__.A.were set up in northern Italy onlyB.refer to independent countriesC.reflect a strong sense of democracyD.were made up of the master craftsmen80.New schools in the 11th century__.A.were run by monasteriesB.were located in city cathedralsC.were to produce monksD.were religious81.New schools then attracted__.A.local teachers onlyB. local students onlyC. teachers all over EuropeD. wealthy merchants only82.In the 13th century, many schools_.A.were organized into universitiesB.gave way to universitiesC.were state-runD.were government-funded83.In the Carolingian time popes__.A.were the heads of churchB.were regarded as models of pietyC.opened schoolsD.were the heads of state84.The chief point of Gregorian reform was to ___.A.end the power of emperorsB.make the church completely independent from the emperorsC.force the priests to remain single throughout lifeD.allow the priests to marry85.The First Crusade was important because __.A.it conquered the land of the MuslimsB.the Pope rescued the Byzantine EmpireC.it was the first example of European expansionismD.the Byzantine Empire defeated the Muslims finally86.It was ____who unified England for the first time.A.King Edward and his successorsB.King Arthur and his successorsC.King William and his successorsD.King Alfred and his successors87.1066 marked the__.A.defeat of the VikingsB.Norman Conquer of EnglandC.death of William ID.death of Alfred the Great88.Magna Carta in 1215 in England was a document that __.A.really weakened the power of the churchB.really weakened the power of the kingC.spoke for the common peopleD.spoke for the nobles89.The Spanish monarchy was __.A.set up by the ChristiansB. overcome by the MuslimsC. set up by the MuslimsD. overcome by the Jews90.Romanesque style appeared_.A.earlier than Gothic styleB. later than Gothic styleC. higher and lighterD. more mysterious91.Monasteries were made rich by__.A.the hardworking monksB. the powerful monksC. the kingsD. the kings and nobles92.Which of the following is Not true about monasteries?A.They were self-sufficient unitsB.Monks in the monastery slept in the same dormitoryC.Monks did not have to work in the fields at allD.All monks lived according to a rule that governed their daily routine93.The Fourth Crusade in the 13th century was in fact__.A.an armed pilgrimage for Christian purposeB.turned into a siege of a Christian cityC. a war that helped defend the regions in the Holy Land conquered by EuropeansD.defeated by the Muslims94.Before the First Crusade, Jews__.A.lived in the monasteriesB. lived in the citiesC. were forced into the citiesD. were forced out of the cities95.Jews in the cities were good at__.A. doing businessB. borrowing moneyC. craftsmanshipD. farming96.Jews in the cities were__.A.converted to ChristianityB. converted to IslamC. admired by ChristiansD. persecuted by Christians97.___ were regarded as heretics.A.Those who believed in GodB.Those who did not believe in ChristianityC.Jews onlyD.Muslims only98.The Late Middle Ages almost at the same time__.A.began with the RenaissanceB.began with the fall of ByzantiumC.ended with the RenaissanceD.ended with the disappearance of the Roman Catholic Church99.Overgrowth of population in Europe in the Late Middle Ages caused __.A.the shortage of cultivated landB.the shortage of food supplyC.the new methods of agricultureD.the disastrous change of climate100.Black Death caused __.A.more harm in the countrysideB. no harm in the countryC. more harm in the citiesD. no harm in the citiesPART II – CLOZE (10%) 考试时为10题（1篇文章），每题1分，共10分。

欧洲文化入门历年真题（英语本科自考）

欧洲⽂化⼊门历年真题（英语本科⾃考）2009年10⽉⾼等教育⾃学考试北京市命题考试欧洲⽂化⼊门试卷(课程代码10017)第⼀部分选择题(共40分)PART ONEI. Read the following unfinished statements or questions carefully. For each unfinished statement or question, four suggested answers marked [ A ], [ B ] , [ C ] and [ D ] are given. Choose the one which best completes the statement or answers the question by blackening the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points, 2 points each)1. The Olympic Games began in ancient Greece and was revived in __A. the 1Th centuryB. the 18th centuryC. the early 19th centuryD. the late 19th century2. Plato's philosophy is called_ _A. pragmatismB. idealismC. cynicismD. materialism3. The language used in the western half of the Roman Empire was __A. LatinB. GreekC. PersianD. Latin and Greek4. King Solomon was known for_ _A. being the son of MosesB. being a brave fighterC. his wisdomD. his devotion to God5. The first English version of whole Bible was translated and copied out by hand by a group of reformers led by_A. St. JeromeB. John WycliffeC. King JamesD. William Tyndale6. The trinity in Christianity refers to the Father, _ _ and the Holy Spirit.A. the PopeB. the Virgin MaryC. the Bible7. Dante wrote The Divine Comedy in _ _A. GreekB. ItalianC. LatinD. English8. The Act of Supremacy, passed by the British Parliament in 1534, made the king the head of _ _A. the kingdomB. the Presbyterian governmentC. the churchD. army9. Don Quixote is recognized as _ _A. the father of the modern European novelB. the best known novel of the worldC. the father of modern world literatureD. the best written prose10. The Ptolemaic system said that _ _A. the sun is the center of the universeB. the earth is the center of the universeC. each planet moves in an ellipse, with the sun at one focusD. there is gravitation between the heavenly bodies11. Leibniz considered space and time as _ _A. absoluteB. relativeC. system of relationship or orderD. tangible12. Which of the following is NOT Hobbes's view?A. Our knowledge comes from experience.B. When a thing lies still, it will lie still for ever, unless something else stirs it.C. Men are by nature equal in bodily and mental capacity.D. People need the Great Instauration.13. In Lettres Anglaise, V oltaire made a contrast between _ _ liberty and toleration and French arbitrary government.A. EnglishB. SpanishC. Italian14. The author of A Journal of the Plague Year was _ _A. DiderotB. FieldingC. SwiftD. Defoe15. There is a striking difference of style between Bach and _ _A. HaydnB. HandelC. BeethovenD. Mozart16. The slogan of the French revolution was liberty, _ _ and universal brotherhood.A. freedomB. humanityC. equality .D. democracy17. Beethoven's _ _ marked the beginning of 19th century program music.A. Symphony No. 3B. Symphony No. 5C. Symphony No. 6D. Symphony No. 918. When Napoleon invaded Moscow, his army was defeated by _ _A. the Russian armyB. shortage of supplyC. illnessD. coldness and hunger19. _ _ was considered by many to be the greatest of all American poets.A. Walt WhitmanB. Virginia WoolfC. Allen GinsbergD. Ezra Pound20. D. H. Lawrence's work was a challenge to _ _A. symbolismB. conventional moralityC. Freud's psychoanalysis第⼆部分⾮选择题(共60分)PART TWOII. In the following part there are two columns. The left hand column consists of a list of names. The right hand column consists of a list of titles, names of organizations, works or remarks. Match each name in the left hand column with corresponding title, organization, work or remark in the right hand column and put the number a or b or c etc. on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points, 1 point each)21. Plato (a) school of Athens22. St. Benedict (b) the first French realist23. Raphael (c) Tom Jones24. Descartes (d) German Nobel Prize winner25. Fielding (e) the Republic26. James Watt (f) representative of Cubism27. Flaubert (g) Norwegian playwright28. Ibsen (h) steam engine29. Thomas Mann (i) a great monk30. Picasso (j) Discourse on MethodIII Give a one-sentence answer to each of the following questions. Write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET. (20 points, 2 points each)31. According to Aristotle, how could people achieve happiness?32. Why do we say that the year 27 B.C. divided the history of Rome into two periods?33. What was the greatest contribution of Charlemagne?34. How will you define the Reformation in the 16th century?35. What did the Puritan principle emphasize?36. What does induction-mean to Bacon?37. What did romantic music stress?38. According to Marx and Engels, how could Socialism be realised?39. What is the novel to a naturalist?40. What are the three functional parts into which Freud divided human personality?IV. Explain each of the following terms in English. Write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET in around 40 words.(20 points, 5 points each)41. Industrial Revolution42. the Cynies43. the Beat Generation44. Charles DickensV. Write between 100 - 120 words on the following topic on the ANSWER SHEET. ( 10 points )45. What are the differences between Hobbes and Locke on "social contract" ?2010年10⽉⾼等教育⾃学考试北京市命题考试欧洲⽂化⼊门试卷第⼀部分选择题(共40分2 points each)1．The Romans conquered Greece in ．A．146 B．C．B．500 B．C．C．700 B．C．D．1200 B．C．2．The playwright who contributed greatly to Greek tragic art wasA．Sophocles B．Aristophanes C．Herodotus D．Homer3．The greatest of Latin poets wasA．Horace B．Virgil C．Homer D．Cicero4．Daniel was taken prisoner to after the fall of Jerusalem.A．Egypt B．Persia C．Babylon D．Assyria5．David was ．A．a Hebrew king B．the boy who killed GoliathC．the man who made Jerusalem the capital D．all of the above6．In the formative period of feudalism, the bishops were themselvesA．scholars B．hermits C．feudal lords D．knights7．As a result of the Crusades，luxuries of the East poured into the West．They were spices．perfume．hand．woven carpets and ．A．tea B．Chinaware C．silk D．silverware8．Martin Luther held that was the supreme authority．A．the Church B．the Bible C．the Pope D．Jesus9．Ophelia is a character in Shakespeare’s ．A．Hamlet B．Othello C．Macbeth D．Merchant of Venice10．The Reformation shattered Medieval Church’s stifling control over man．thus paving the way forA．economic development B．free thinking C．capitalism D．progress 11．Galile0，because he refused to compromise．was tried by ．A．the College of Cardinals B．the Italian courtC．the Spanish court D．the Inquisition12．To Newton，space and time are absolute，to Einstein，motion and space are ．A．relative B．unlimited C．infinite D．1imited13．“A Modest Proposal” was written by ．A．Defoe B．Swift C．Diderot D．Fielding14．Shelley called poets “the unacknowledged legislators of the world” in his ．A．Prometheus unbound B．Defence of PoetryC．1yrics D．Ode to the West Wind15．Schumann stood as the typical example of the influence of upon music．A．revolutionary ideals B．philosophy C．1iterature D．religion 16．According to Darwin，becomes a mechanism for evolutionary change．A．natural selectionB．process C．adaptation D．variation17．Zola believed almost blindlyA．Social Darwinism B．Utopian SocialismC．pragmatism D．scientific determinism18．The writer who devoted himself to the novel of social condition in England in the 19 th cen- tury was ．A．Thomas．Hardy B．William Makepeace ThackerayC．George Eliot D．Charles Dickens19．The contribution made by Pierre and Maris Curie is ．A．the discovery of atomic nucleus B．the discovery of radiumC．the discovery of X—rays D．the discovery of relativity20．To the New Novelists，plot，action，narrative，ideas and analysis of characters are A．no longer important B．still very importantC．of equal importance D．none of the above第⼆部分⾮选择题(共60分)PART TWOII．In the foliowing part there are two columns．The left hand column consists of a list of names．The right hand column consists of a list of titles，names of organizations，works or remarks．Match each name in the left hand column with corresponding ti- tie，organization，work，or remark in the right hand column and put the number aor b or e in the bracket on the ANSWER SHEET．(10 points，1 point each) 21．St．Jerome (a)“The die is cast．”22．Schiller (b)Lettres Anglaise23．Keats (C)Mother24．Francois Rabelais (d)Gargantua and Pantagruel25．Walt Whitman (e)Fathers and Sons26．Thomas Hobbes (f)Ode to a Nightingale27．Corky (g)Leaves of Grass28．Turgenev (h)the Vulgate29．Julius Caesar (i)founder of modem German literature30．V oltaire (j)author of LeviathanIII．Give a one-sentence answer to each of the following questions．Write your answer in the corresponding space on the ANSWER SHEET．(20 points，2 points each) 31．Which are the most famous temples in ancient Greece?32．What did Horace mean when he said．“Captive Greece took her rude conqueror captive．”? 33．Why were Christians persecuted under the Roman Empire?34．HOW shall we define the Catholic Church?35．What made Italy lose its supremacy in world trade in the late l5th century?36．What was Hobbes’s view of the nature of man?37．What kind of a novel is Les Miserables7 ．38．What did Kant try to reconcile in “Critique of Pure Reason”?39．Why did literature become the voice of the people in Russia in the l 9 th century?40．What are the major interests of new novelists?IV．Explain each of the following terms in English．Write your answer in the corre sponding space on the ANSWER SHEET in around 40 words．(20 points，5 pointseach)41．Plato’s and Democritus’ views of the world42．Noah’s Ark43．John Wyclif44．Mark TwainV. Write between l00—120 words on the following topic in the corresponding space onthe ANSWER SHEET(10 points)45．What is the role of Turgenev in Russian literature?2001年下半年北京市⾼等教育⾃学考试欧洲⽂化⼊门试卷I. Multiple Choice (40%)1. _________ believed that the highest good in life was pleasure, freedom from pain and eraotional upheaval.A. SophistsB. CynicsC. SkepticsD. Epicureans2 _________ is said to have told the king of Syracuse: "Give me a place to stand, and I will move the world."A. ArchimedesB. AristotleC. PlatoD. Euclid3. Increasingly troubled by the inroads of northem tribes such as Goths, the West Roman Empire finally collapsed in_________A. 395B. 27C. 1453D. 4764. The City of God was written by __璤_____, the most important of all the leaders of Christian thought.A. JesusB. AugustineC. Thomas AquinasD. Martin Luther5. _________ was a painter, a sculptor, an architect, a musician, an engineer, and a scientist- a Renaissance man in the true sense of the word.A. MichelangeloB. RaphaelC. ShakespeareD. da Vinci6. In _______, Cervantes satirized a very popular type of literature at the time, the romance of chivalry.A. Don Quixote.B. HamletC. leviathanD. The Life and Surprising Adventures of Robinson Crusoe7.The best- known book written by Thomas More is ________ , which describes an ideal non Christian state where everybody lives a simple life and shares the goods in common, possesses a good knowledge of Latin, fights no war and enjoys full freedom in religious belief.A. The Praise of the FollyB. As You Like ItC. Divine ComedyD. Utopia8. ________, author of Prince, is regarded as "father of political science" in the West.A. MachiavelliB. Dante'C. BaconD. Locke9.In The Revolution of Heavenly Orbs,________ put forward his theory that the sun, not the earth, is the center of the universe.A. KeplerB. GalileoC. NewtonD. Copernicus10. During the _________ century, the modem scientific method began to take shape, which emphasized observation and" experimentation before formulating a final explanation or generalization.A. 18thB. 15 thC. 16 thD. 17 th11. _______ said, "Knowledge is power."A.. Isaac NewtonB. Francis BaconC. John LockeD. Marx12. In Faust,_______ drew on an immense variety of cultural material--theological, mythological, philosophical, political, economic, scientific, aesthetic, musical, and literary.A. GoetheB. DefoeC. RousseauD. Byron13. Which of the following is not regarded as a romantic writer?A. WordsworthB. ShelleyC. PushkinD. Balzac14. The most frequent themes of Romanticism include all of the following except _________.A. the power of reasonB. individual freedomC. spontaneityD. love of nature15. "If winter comes, can Spring be far behind?" is the ending line of "Ode to the West Wind" by ________.A. WordsworthB. KeatsC. PushkinD. Shelley16. The composer of Swan Lake was ____, a genius in symphonic music.A. TchaikovskyB. ChopinC. BeethovenD. Mozart17. The naturalist school founded by Zola in late 19 th century intended __A. to attack the industrial injustice and urban evilsB. to give full play to the imagination of individualsC. to uphold the classical values such as harmony, balance, proportion and retraintD. to demonstrate the law of human conduct by a scientific study of "a slice of life"18. Which of the following novels was not written by Tolstoy?A. ResurrectionB. War and PeaceC. Crime and PunishmentD. Anna Karenina19. In his poems, Walt Whitman sang praises of all of the following value except ________.A. democracyB. the dignity of the individualC. the idyllic way of lifeD. the brotherhood of man20. Modernism was characterized by ________.A. a conscious rejection of established rules, traditions and conventionsB. the exploration of the inner life of the individual and the psychopathology of human relationsC. its intense interest in the bizarre, the mysterious, the unpredictable and the formlessD. all of the above.II. True - False (20%)1. Once every five years, ancient Greeks had a big sports festival on Mount Olympus, which marked the beginning of Olympic Games.2. The greatest names in Western philosophy are Socrates, Plato and Aristotle, who were active in Athens in the 6 th centuryA. D.3. The body of ideas the Greek philosophers expressed, and the variety of questions they raised about the nature of the world and of human thought, knowledge and conduct, "have had an abiding interest for later generations.4. Christianity remained an object of oppression throughout the history of Roman Empire.5. During the Medieval times there was no central government to keep the order; the only organization that seemed to unite Europe was the Christian church.6. Calvinism stressed the absolute authority of the Roman Catholic church, holding that only those especially selectedby God will be saved.7. According to Locke, once a representative is chosen by majority vote, his power is absolute.8. The Declaration of the Rights of Man which was enacted by the English Parliament in 1689 established the supremacy of the Parliament and put an end to divine monarchy in England.9. Descartes believed that thought was the foundation of all knowledge while the senses might deceive us.10. In the Critique of Pure Reason, Kant argued that knowledge is the joint product of both sense and reason.. Explain the Following Terms. (25 % )1. Pax Romana2. The Crusades3. Gothic4. Reformation5. Social DarwinismIV. Answer the Following Question. ( 15 % )Why is Renaissance considered the departure from the Middle Ages and the beginning of modernity?2004年欧洲⽂化⼊门试题Read the following unfinished statements or questions carefully. For each unfinished statement or question, four suggestedanswers marked [ A ], [ B ], [ C ] and [ D ] are given. Choose the one which best completes the statement or answers the question by blackening the corresponding letter on the answer card. ( 40 points ,2 points each )1. Which of the following is not true about Aristotle?A. In Aristotle the great humanist and the great man of science meet.B. Aristotle founded the school of the Stoics.C. Aristotle was tutor of Alexander.D. Aristotle wrote many books on logic, politics, poetry, rhetoric and other subjects.2. Which of the following statements is true about the Roman Empire?A. The Roman Empire had never been divided.B. The Roman Empire was divided into East and West in 395 A. D.C. The Roman Empire was later called Byzantium.D. The Roman Empire was conquered by the Turks in the 15th century.3. The Bible has been regarded as __________.A. a religious bookB. literatureC. record of great mindsD. 'all of the above4. The Catholic Church should be characterized as__________.A. a loosely organized religious institutionB. a highly centralized European organizationC. a highly centralized and disciplined international organizationD. a highly centralized and disciplined western organization.5. The Crusades were wars between __________.A. the Arabs and the Christian PilgrimsB. the Turks and the Christians in Western EuropeC. the Christians in Western Europe and the MoslemsD. the Arabs and the Turks6. St. Thomas Aquinas defended in his works __________.A. feudal hierarchy of societyB. divine power of feudal rulersC. the Pope' s supremacy over secular rulersD. all of the above7. The motto Montaigne put down in the essays was __________.A. What do I know?B. I doubt therefore I think.C. Give me a place to stand, and I will move the world.D. Only to stand out of my light.8. Vasco da Gama was a Portuguese navigator who __________.A. discovered the Cape of Good HopeB. discovered the route to India round the Cape of Good HopeC. explored the mouth of the AmazonD. was the first to visit Cuba and Haiti9. Which of the following laws was discovered by Newton?A. l,aw of inertia.B. Law of falting bodies.C. Law of" relativity.D. Law of universal gravitation.10. In Locke' s political philosophy, the chief reason for the institution of civil government was __________.A. the protection of private propertyB. the upholding of free thinkingC. the abolishment of the rule of the churchD. regulation of economy11. Which of the following is" not true about the developments of the Industrial Revolution?A. The substitution of water power for human power.B. The introduction of machine.C. The beginning of the factory system.D. The growth of modem capitalism and the working class.12. "Man is born free, and everywhere he is in chains. "This is a remark made by __________.A. V oltaireB. RousseauC. DiderotD. Moliere13. In the works of __________.one can see the spirit of the Age of Reason.A. HandelB. HaydnC. BachD. Mozart14. The poem of Byron' s that was translated into Chinese at the turn of the 20th centuryA. Don JuanB. Defence of PoetryC. Ode to a NightingaleD. Isles of Greece15. Throughout his his, Beethoven struggled to pass on through his music __________.A. the spirit of the French RevolutionB. the spirit of Byronic heroesC. ideas of a moral natureD. the praise of natural beauty16. __________. is considered to be the poet of the piano.A. MozartB. ChopinC.SchubertD. Schumann17. Which of the following works was not written by Charles Dickens?A. A Tale of Two Cities.B. The Mayor of Casterbridge.C. David Copperfield.D. Pickwick Papers.18. The author of the short story The Necklace was __________.A. O' HenryB. Jack LondonC. Mark TwainD. Maupassant19. "The apparition of these faces in the crowd/Petals on a wet, black bough. "The author of these lines was __________.A. William FaulknerB. Ezra PoundC. T. S. EliotD. William Butler Yeats20. __________.was regarded as the greatest Russian literary figure of the 20th century.A. SholokhovB. TolstoyC. ChekhovD. Gorky第⼆部分⾮选择题In the following part there are two columns. The left hand column consists of a list of names. The right hand column consists of a list of rifles, names of organizations or works. Match each name in the left hand column with corresponding title or organization or work in the right hand column and put the number a or b or c etc. in the bracket on the answer sheet. ( 10 points, 1 point each)2l. Augustine ( ) (a) To the Lighthouse22. Aristotle ( ) (b) Ethics23. Shakespeare ( ) (c) Kubla Khan24. Mark Twain ( ) (d)A Hero of Our Time25. Titian ( ) (e) Othello26, Virginia Woolf ( ) (f) Meditations27. Newton ( ) (g) The Confession28. Coleridge ( ) (h) the Venus of Urbino29. Lermontov ( ) (i) Life on, the Mississippi30. Descartes ( ) ( j ) Mathematical Principles PhilosohyGive a one-sentence answer to each of the following questions. Write your answer in the corresponding space on the answer sheet. ( 20 points ,2 points each )31. What are the three styles in Greek architecture?32. What was Marcus Cicero noted for?33. What is the importance of the Middle Ages in terms of development of culture?34. Why was Jan Hus condemned to be burnt at stake?35. What is the theory put forward by Copernicus in his work "The Revolution of the Heavenly Orbs" ?36. What is Montesquieu' s redefinition of law?37. Which composer realized the possibility of the clarinet and used it for solo effects?38. What new literary theory was put forward in the preface of "Lyrical Ballads"?39. Who was called the "father" of psychoanalysis?40. Who was the American poet that settled down in London and became a leading figure of the Imagist movement? Explain each of the following terms in English. Write your answer in the corresponding space on the answer sheet in around 40 words. ( 20 points,5 points each )41. Leonardo da Vinci42. Thomas Hobbes' s political thought43. Enlightenment44. Black HumorWrite between 100 - 120 words on the following topic in the corresponding space on the answer sheet. (10 points) 45.What are the distinctive features of Renaissance art?2007年⾃学欧洲⽂化⼊门试题2008年欧洲⽂化⼊门试卷PART ONEI. 选择题1.During the height of the development of Greek culture, Alexandria was noted for itsA. port facilitiesB. populationC. libraryD. architecture2. Which of the following is true about Plato?A. He adopted the dialectical method in argumentB. He was the author of EthicsC. He built up a comprehensive system of philosophyD. He was friend of Socrates3. gave birth to Christianity.A. PalestineB. Jewish traditionC. The BibleD. None of the above4. Abraham was told by God to lead the Hebrews to the Promised Land, which roughly corresponds to the present-dayA. EgyptB. SinaiC. JordanD. Palestine5. was made the official language of the Catholic Church.A. GreekB. LatinC. HebrewD. Italian6. Alfred the Great made the Anglo-Saxon cultural center.A. LondonB. EssexC. EdingburgD. Wessex7. In Raphael's works, there is the exquisite harmony and of the High Renaissance.A. balanceB. powerC. vigorD. knowledge8. In England, the question of reform was chiefly one of rejection of the supremacy ofA. the PopeB. the ChurchC. the ParliamentD. the Sovereign9. In the century Europe advanced from the Middle Ages to the modem times.A. 15thB. 16thC. 17thD. 18th10. The law of inertia was discovered byA. CopernicusB. NewtonC. KeplerD. Galileo11. "Every man is enemy to every man. " is the view held byA. BaconB. HobbesC. LockeD. Newton12. One major source of primitive accumulation of capital wasA. farmingB. textileC. commerceD. slave trade13. The Enlightenment was an intellectual movement originating inA. FranceB. SpainC. EnglandD. Italy14. was considered to be a child prodigy.A. HaydnB. BachC. MozartD. Handel15. To the conservative and reactionary forces in society, Byron's poetry was calledA. SatanicB. HeroicC. ByronicD. none of the above16. "Ruslan and Liudmila" was written byA. LermontovB. PushkinC. HugoD. Tehaikovsky17. The author of the book Evolution and Ethics isA. Yan FuB. Charles DarwinC. Thomas HuxleyD. Herbert Spencer18. The realists tended to regard as the center of the novel.A. ethicsB. imageC. plotD. characterization19. Which of the following is a social satire?A. Hard TimesB. Bleak HouseC. Vanity FairD. Jude the Obscure20. Aller Ginsberg is an American poet who best representsA. the Beat GenerationB. the Last GenerationC. the X GenerationD. the Angry Young MenPART TWOII. 选词填空21.Aristophanes (a) summary of music of the Baroque era22. Shakespeare (b) leader of slave uprising23. Charles I \ (c\) Dutch painter。

欧洲文化常识测试英语题型

《欧洲文化入门》复习题（一）Division One: Greek Culture and Roman Culture Greek CultureI.填空1.European culture is made up of many elements, two of these elements are considered to bemore enduring and they are the Greco-Roman element and the Judeo-Christian element.2.Greek culture reached a high point of development in the 5th century.3.In the second half of the 4th century B. C., all Greece was brought under the rule of Alexander,king of Macedon.4.In 146 B. C. the Romans conquered Greece.5.Greek culture reached a high point of development in the 5th century.6.Revived in 1896, the Olympic Games have become the world’s foremost amateur sportscompetition.7.Ancient Greeks considered Homer to be the author of their epics.8.The Iliad deals with the alliance of the states of the southern mainland of Greece, led byAgamemnon in their war against the city of Troy.9.The Odyssey deals with the return of Odysseus after the Trojan war to his home, island ofIthaca.10.Of the many lyric poets of ancient Greece, two are still admired by readers today: Sapphoand Pindar.11.Sappho was considered the most important lyric poet of ancient Greece.12.Pindar is best known for his odes celebrating the victories at the athletic games, such as the14 Olympic odes.13.The three great tragic dramatists of ancient Greece are Aeschylus, Sophocles, and Euripides.14.Aeschylus wrote such plays as Prometheus Bound, Persians and Agamemnon.15.Sophocles wrote such tragic plays as Oedipus the King, Electra, and Antigone.16.Euripides wrote mainly about women in such plays as Andromache, Medea, and TrojanWomen.edy also flourished in the 5th century B. C.. Its best writer was Aristophanes, who hasleft eleven plays, including Frogs, Clouds, Wasps and Birds.18.Herodotus is often called ―Father of History‖. He wrote about the wars be tween Greeks andPersians.19.Thucydides described the war between Athens and Sparta and between Athens and Syracuse,a Greek state on the Island of Sicily.20.Pythagoras was a bold thinker who had the idea that all things were numbers.21.Pythagoras was the founder of scientific mathematics.22.Heracleitue believed fire to the primary element of the universe, out of which everything elsehad arisen.23.The greatest names in European philosophy are Socrates, Plato and Aristotle.24.Democritus was one of the earliest philosophical materialists and speculated about the atomicstructure of matter.25.In the 4th century B. C., four schools of philosophers often argued with each other, they arethe Cynics, the Sceptics, the Epicureans, and the Stoics.26.Euclid is well-known for his Elements, a textbook of geometry.27.To illustrate the principle of the level, Archimedes is said to have told the king: ―Give me aplace to stand, and I will move the world.‖28.Greek architecture can be grouped into three styles: the Doric style which is also called themasculine style; the Ionic style which is also called the feminine style; and a later style that is called the Corinthian style.29.The Acropolis at Athens and the Parthenon are the finest monument of Greek architecture andsculpture in more than 2000 years.30.In the 20th century, there are Homeric parallels in the Irishman James Joyce’s modernistmasterpiece Ulysses.II.选择1.Which culture reached a high point of development in the 5th century B. C.?A.Greek CultureB.Roman CultureC.Egyptian CultureD.Chinese Culture2.In ___________ the Roman conquered Greece.A.1200B.C.B.700 B.C.C.146 B. C.D.The 5th century3.Which of the following works described the war led by Agamemnon against the city of Troy?A.Oedipus the KingB.IliadC.OdysseyD.Antigone4.Which of the following is NOT the plays written by Aeschylus?A.AntigoneB.AgamemnonC.PersiansD.Prometheus Bound5.Which of the following is NOT the plays written by Sophocles?A.ElectraB.AntigoneC.Trojan WomanD.Oedipus the King6.Which of the following is the play written by Euripides?A.AntigoneB.PersiansC.ElectraD.Medea7.Which of the following is NOT the greatest tragic dramatist of ancient Greece?A.AristophanesB.EuripidesC.SophoclesD.Aeschylus8.Who ever said that ―You can not step twice into the same river‖?A.PythagorasB.HeracleitusC.Aristotle9.Who was the founder of scientific mathematics?A.HeracleitusB.AristotleC.SocratesD.Pythagoras10.Who is chiefly noted for his doctrine that ―man is the measure of all things‖?A.ProtagorasB.PythagorasC.PyrrhonD.EpicurusIII.名词解释1.Aeschylus2.Plato3.The CynicsIV.简答与问答1.What are the major elements in European culture?2.What were the main features of ancient Greek society?3.Who were the outstanding dramatists of ancient Greece? What important plays did each of them write?4.Tell some of P lato’s ideas. Why do people call him an idealist?5.Give some examples to show the enormous influence of Greek culture on English literature.Roman CultureI. 填空1.The burning of Corinth in 146 B. C. marked Roman conquest of Greece, which was thenreduced to a province of the Roman Empire.2.The Roman writer Horace said: ―Captive Greece took her rude conqueror captive‖.3.In 27 B. C. Octavius took supreme power as emperor with the title of Augustus.4.The Romans enjoyed a long period of peace lasting two hundred years, a remarkablephenomenon in history known as the Pax Romana.5.In the 4th century, the emperor Constantine moved the capital from Rome to Byzantium,renamed it Constantinople ( modern Istanbul ).6.In 476 the last emperor of the west was deposed by the Coths and marked the end of the WestRoman Empire.7.The East Roman Empire collapsed when Constantinople fell to the Turks in 1453.8.Julius Caesar recorded what he did and saw in the various military campaigns he took part inand these writings, collected in his Commentaries, are models of succinct Latin.9.Virgil was the greatest of Latin poets and wrote the great epic, the Aeneid.10.The Pantheon is the greatest and the best preserved Roman temple, which was built in 27 B. C.And reconstructed in the 2th century A. D..11.She-wolf is the statue which illustrates the legend of creation of Roman.II.选择1.Who wrote, ―I came, I saw, I conquered‖?A.HoraceB.Julius CaesarC.VirgilD.Marcus Tullius Cicero2.The author of the philosophical poem On the Nature of things is ___________.A.VirgilB.Julius CaesarC.HoraceD.Lucretius3.Which of the following is not Roman architecture?A.The ColosseumB.The PanthenonC.The ParthenonD.Pont du Gard4.Who wrote, ―Captive Greece took her rude conqueror captive‖?A.SapphoB.PlatoC.VirgilD.HoraceIII.名词解释1.Julius Caesar2.The Pax RomanaIV.简答与问答1.What did the Romans have in common with the Greeks? And what was the chief differencebetween them?2.What is the book for which Virgil has been famous throughout the centuries? In what way is thebook linked with the Greek past?3.Why do we say Aeneas is a truly tragic hero?Division Two: The Bible and ChristianityThe Old TestamentⅠ填空题1.Among all the religions by which people seek to worship, Christianity is by far the mostinfluential in the West.2.Both Judaism and Christianity originated in Palestine the hub of migration and trade routes,which led to exchange of ideas over wide areas.3.Some 3800 years ago the ancestors of the Jews – the Hebrews – wandered through the desertsof the Middle East.4.About 1300 B.C., the Hebrews came to settle in Palestine, known as Canaan at that time, andformed small kingdoms.5.The king of the Hebrews was handed down orally from one generation to another in the formof folktales and stories, which were recorded later in the Old Testament.6.The Bible is a collection of religious writings comprising two parts: the Old Testament and theNew Testament.7.The old Testament consists of 39 books, the oldest and most important of which are first fivebooks, called Pentateuch.8.When the Hebrews left the desert and entered the mountainous Sinai, Moses climbed to thetop of the mountain to receive from God message, which came to be known as the Ten Commandments.9.Chronologically Amos is the earliest prophet in the Old Testament.10.In Babylon in the 6th century B.C., the Hebrews, now known as Jews, formed synagogues topractise their religion.II 选择题1.Which of the following is by far the most influential in the West?_______A. BuddismB. IslamismC. ChristianityD. Judaism2.The Old Testament consists of 39 books, the oldest and most important of which are the firstfive books, called __________.A. ExodusB. CommandmentsC. AmosD. Pentaeuch3.Which of the following is NOT the content of the Ten Commandments?_______A.Honour your father and your motherB.Do not commit suicideC.Do not desire your neighbour’s wifeD.Do not take the name of God in vain4.When in Babylon the Hebrews formed synagogues to practise their religion? ______A. in 169B.C. B. in the 4th centuryC. in 76 B.C.D. in the 6th centuryⅢ名词解释1.the Bible2.the Pentateuch3.Ten CommandmentsⅣ简答与问答1.What was the Hebrews major contribution to world civilization?2.Why do we say Judaism and Christianity are closely related?3.What are the Ten Commandments about?Rise of ChristianityⅠ填空题1.At the age of 30, Jesus received the baptism at the hands of John Baptist.2.Jesus spent most of his life in Galilee, where he apparently made a sensation.3.Jesus of Nazareth lived in Palestine during the reign of the first Roman Emperor Augustus.4.Jesus went with his disciples to Jerusalem for the Passover, but was betrayed by Juda.5.In 313 the Edict of Milan was issued by Constantine I and granted religious freedom to all andmade Christianity legal.6.In 392 A.D, Emperor Theodosius made Christianity the official religions of the empire andoutlawed all other religions.7.After Jesus died, St. Peter and St. Paul led the disciples of Jesus to spread gospel in theMediterranean regions.Ⅱ选择题1.After the _______ century Nestorianism reached China.A. sixthB. fifthC. secondD. third2.Which of the following emperors made Christianity the official religion of the empire andoutlawed all other religions? __________A. TheodosiusB. AugustusC. Constantine ID. Nero Caesar3.Which of the following emperors issued the Edict of Milan and made Christianity legal in 313?__________A. AugustusB. ThedosiusC. NeroD. Constantine I4.At the age of 30, Jesus Christ received the baptism at the hands of _________.A. St. PeterB. St. PaulC. John BaptistD. John WycliffⅢ名词解释1.The Edict of MilanⅣ简答与问答1.How did the relations between Christians and the Roman government change?The New TestamentⅠ填空题1.By 300 A.D. each local church was called a parish and had a full time leader known as priest.2.Towards the end of he fourth century four accounts were accepted as part of the NewTestament, which tells the beginning of Christianity.3.When as Jesus’ mother Mary was espoused to Joseph, before they came together, she wasfound with child of the Holy Ghost4.Jesus went with his disciples to Jerusalem for the Passover, but was betrayed by Juda andcaught at the Last Supper.Translations of the BibleⅠ填空题1.Except a few passages in the related Armaic dialect the Old Testament was originally writtenin Hebrew. And the New Testament was originally written in a popular form of Greek.2.The oldest extant Greek translation of the Old Testament is known as the Septuagint, asaccording the fictional letter of Aristeas, it was translated by 72 translators in 72 days.3.The most ancient extant Latin version of the whole Bible is the Vulgate edition, which wasdone in 384 –405 A.D. by St. Jerome in common people’s la nguage.4.The first English version of whole Bible was translated from the Latin Vulgate in 1382 andwas copied out by hand by the early group of reformers led by John Wycliff.5.The most important and influential of English Bible is the ―Authorized‖ or King James’version, first published in 1611.Ⅱ选择题1.By 1693, the whole of the Bible had been translated in _________languages.A. 228B. 974C. 1202D. 1542.The oldest extant Greek translation of the Old Testament is known as ________.A. the Latin VulgateB. the AristeasC. the ―Authorized‖D. the Septuagint3.When printing was invented in the 1500’s, the _______ Bible was the first complete workprinted.A. EnglishB. LatinC. AramaicD. Hebrew4.When did the standard American edition of the Revised Version appear? _______A. 1885B. 1611C. 1901D. 1979Division Three: The Middle AgesManor and ChurchⅠ填空题1.In European history, the thousand year period following the fall of the West Roman Empire inthe fifth century is called the Middle Ages.2.Between the fifth and eleventh centuries, West Europe was the scene of frequent wars andinvasions.3.The Middle Age is a period in which classical, Hebrew and Gothic heritage merged.4.Feudalism in Europe was mainly a system of land holding –a system of holding land inexchange for military service.5.In 732 Charles Martel, a Frankish ruler gave his soldiers estates known as fiefs as a reward fortheir service.6.The center of medieval life under feudalism was the manor.7.By the 12th century manor houses came to be called castle, which were made of stone anddesigned as fortress.8.As a knight, he was pledged to protect the weak, to fight for the church, to be loyal to his lordand to respect women of noble birth. These rules were known as code of chivalry, from which the western idea of good manners developed.9.In the medieval days a knight was trained for war by fighting each other in mock batterscalled tournaments.10.After 1054, the Church was divided into the Roman Catholic Church and the EasternOrthodox Church.11.The most important of all the leaders of Christian thought was Augustine of Hippo who livedin North Africa in the fifth century.12.Under feudalism, people of western Europe were mainly divided into three classes: clergy,lords and peasants.13.The Pope not only ruled Roman and parts of Italy as a king, he was also the head of allChristian churches in western Europe.14.In the Medieval times the Church set up a church court –the Inquisition to stamp outso-called heresy.15.One of the most important sacraments was Holy Communion, which was to remind peoplethat Christ had died to redeem man.16.To express their religious feelings, many people in the Middle Ages went on journeys tosacred places where early Christian leaders had lived. The most important of all was Jerusalem.17.With a return attack against the Moslems, the Western Christians launched a series of holywars called the Crusades.Ⅱ选择题1.In the later part of the 4th century, which of the following tribes swept into Europe fromcentral Asia, robbing and killing a large numbers of the half civilized Germanic tribes?________A. the MongoliansB. the HunsC. the TurkishD. the Syrians2.The Middle Ages is also called the _________.A. ―Age of Christianity‖B. ―Age of Literature‖C. ―Age of Holy Spirit‖D. ―Age of Faith‖3.According to the code of chivalry, which of the following is not pledged to do for a knight?_______A. To be loyal to his lordB. To fight for the churchC. To obey without question the orders of the abbotD. To respect women of noble birth4.In 732, who gave his soldiers estates known as fiefs as a reward for their service? _________A. Charles Martel, a Frankish rulerB. Charles I, a Turkish rulerC. Constantine I, a Frankish rulerD. St. Benedict, a Italian ruler5.When was the Church divided into the Roman Catholic Church and Eastern OrthodoxChurch?_________A. after 1066B. after 1296C. after 1054D. after 4766.Which of the following about the knight or noble in the Middle Ages in Western Europe isNOT true?____________A.Almost all nobles were knights in the Medieval days.B. A noble began his education as a page at the age of seven.C.As a knight, he was pledged to fight for the church.D.At about fourteen, the page became a knight.7.When was a noble crowned as a knight in the Middle Ages in Western Europe? _______A.At the age of 14.B.When he was taught to say his prayers, learned good manners and ran errands for theladies.C.At a special ceremony known as dubbing.D.When he was pledged to fight for the church.8.Which of the following is NOT true about what the monks must do before entering themonastery according to the Benedictine Rule?A.They had to attend service 6 times during the day and once at midnight.B.They could promise to give up all their possession before entering the monastery.C.They were expected to work 5 hours a day in the fields surrounding the monastery.D.They had to obey without question the orders of the abbot.9.Under feudalism, what were the three classes of people of western Europe?________A. clergy, knights and serfsB. Pope, bishop and peasantsC. clergy, lords and peasantsD. knights, nobles and serfs10.By which year the Moslems had taken over the last Christian stronghold and won the crusadesand ruled all the territory in Palestine that the crusaders had fought to control? ________A. 1270B. 1254C. 1096D. 1291Ⅲ名词解释1.the Middle Ages2.Manor3.Code of Chivalry4.Benedictine Rule5.the CrusadesⅣ简答与问答1.Who was Charles Martel?2.What was the difference between a serf and a free man?3.Into what three groups were people divided under feudalism?4.What happened in Western Europe after the decline of the Roman Empire?Learning and Science, Literature, Art and ArchitectureⅠ填空题1.Charlemagne, who temporarily restored order in western and central Europe, was perhaps themost important figure of the medieval period.2.Charlemagne w as crowed ―Emperor of the Romans‖ by the Pope in 800.3.The Summa Theologica by St. Thomas Aquinas forms an enormous system and sums up allthe knowledge of medieval theology.4.Roger Bacon was one of the earliest advocates of Scientific research and called for carefulobservation and experimentation.5.―National epic‖ refers to the epic written in vernacular languages – that is, the languages ofvarious national states that came into being in the Middle Ages.6.Beowulf is an Anglo-Sexon epic, in alliterative verse, originating from the collective efforts oforal literature.7.Dante Alighieri was the greatest poet of Italy, his masterpiece, The Divine Comedy, is one ofthe landmarks of world literature.8.Chaucer was a great English poet, The Canterbury Tales were his most popular work for theirpower of observation, piercing irony, sense of humor and warm humanity.9.Chaucer writers in dialect used by Londoners, and by the sheer weight and popularity of hiswritings he sets it firmly on the way towards Modern English.10.The style of architecture under Romanesque art is characterized by massiveness, solidity andmonumentality with all overall blocky appearance.11.The Gothic style started in France and quickly spread through all parts of western Europe.Ⅱ选择题1.Which of the follo wing was crowned ―Emperor of the Romans‖ by the Pope in 800? ______A. St. Thomas AquinasB. CharlemagneC. ConstantineD. King James2.Who was the ruler of the Anglo-Saxon kingdom of Wessex and contributed greatly to themedieval European culture? _________A. Charles IB. Constantine IC. Alfred the GreatD. Charles the Great3.Does Song of Roland belong to which country’s epic? _________A. EnglishB. GermanicC. HebrewD. French4.Who is the author of the Opus Maius? ________A. Roger BaconB. Dante AlighieriC. ChaucerD. St. Thomas AquinasⅢ名词解释1.Carolingian Renaissance2.Beowulf3.Song of Roland4.The Canterbury tales5.Romanesque6.GothicⅣ简答与问答1.What was the merit which Charlemagne and Alfred the Great share?Division IV: Renaissance and ReformationRenaissance in ItalyⅠ填空题1.Generally speaking, Renaissance refers to the period between the 14th and mid 17th century.2.Humanism is the essence of the Renaissance.3.In essence, Renaissance was a historical period in which the European humanist thinkers andscholars made attempts to get rid of conservatism in feudalist Europe and introduce new ideas that expressed the interests of bourgeoisie, to lift the restrictions in all areas placed by the Roman Church authorities.4.Renaissance started in Florence and Venice with the flowering of paintings, sculpture andarchitecture.5.Beginning from the 11th century, cities began to rise in central and north Italy.6.Decameron is a collection of 100 tales told by 7 young ladies and 3 younger gentlemen ontheir way to escape the Black Death of 1348.7.Petrach was best known for Canzoniers, a book of lyrical songs written in his Italian dialect.8.The Renaissance artists introduced in their works scientific theories of anatomy andperspective.9.The four representative artists of High Renaissance in Italy are Leonardo da Vinci,michelangelo, Raphael and Titian.10.Loenar do da Vinci’s major works: Last Supper is the most famous of religious pictures; MonaLisa probably is the world’s most famous portrait.11.Michelangelo created a style of art in which he freed himself from the old tradition ofdecoration on the one hand and documentary realism on the other.12.Titian’s painting is acknowledged to have established oil colour on canvas as the typicalmedium of the pictorial tradition in western art.13.In world trade, Italy had lost its supremacy because of the discovery of America in 1492 andthe rounding of the Cape of Good Hope in 1488, the opening of an all-water route to India which provided a cheaper means of transport.14.Petrach is looked up as the father of modern poetry.15.Italy is regarded as the birthplace of the Renaissance.Ⅱ选择题1.Where did the Renaissance start with the flowering of paintings, sculpture and architecture?_______A. in Greece and RomeB. in Florence and VeniceC. in Milan and FlorenceD. in Italy and Germany2.When did the Renaissance reach its height with its center moving to Milan, then to Rome, andcreated High Renaissance? ___________A. in the 11th centuryB. in the 15th centuryC. in the 16th centuryD. in the 17th century3.Which of the following works is written by Boccaccio? _______A. DecameronB. CanzoniersC. DavidD. Moses4.Who is the author of the painting, Betrayal of Judas? ________A. GiottoB. BrunelleschiC. DonatelloD. Giorgione5.Which of the following High Renaissance artists is the father of the modern mode of painting?_______A. RaphaelB. TitianC. da VinciD. Michelangelo6.Which of the following High Renaissance artists was best known for his Madona (VirginMary)?A. TitianB. da VinciC. MichelangeloD. Raphael7.Which of the following paintings was based on the story in the Bible with Maria riding on adonkey ready to face the hardship ahead? ________A. TempestaB. Sacred and Profane LoveC. Flight into EgyptD. The Return of the HuntersⅢ名词解释1.Renaissance2.DecameronⅣ简答与问答1.What made Italy the birthplace of the Renaissance?2.What are the main elements of humanism? How are these elements reflected in art andliterature during the Italian Renaissance?3.How did Italian Renaissance art and architecture break away from medieval tradition?4.In what way was Leonardo da Vinci important during the Renaissance?Reformation and Counter-ReformationⅠ填空题1.The Reformation led by Martin Luther which swept over the whole of Europe was aimed atopposing the absolute authority of the Roman Catholic Church and replacing it with the absolute authority of the Bible.2.Martin Luther was the German leader of the Protestant Reformation. His doctrine marked thefirst break in the unity of the Catholic Church.3.When the Pope refused to recognized Henry’s marriage with Anne Boleyn, British Parliament,in 1534, passed the Act of Supremacy which marked the formal break of the British with the Papal authorities.4.Ignatius and his followers called themselves the Jesuits, members of the Society of Jesus.5.John Calvin put his theological thoughts in his Institutes of the Christian Religion, which wasconsidered one of the most influential theological works of all times.Ⅱ选择题1.Who took up the translation of the Bible into English for the first time? ________A. Jan HusB. John WyliffC. Martin LutherD. John Calvin2.Who is the author Institutes of the Christian Religion?A. John WycliffB. Jan HusC. John CalvinD.Erasmus3.In whose reign did the formal break of the British with the papal authorities take place?____A. Elizabeth IB. William IC. Edward IIID. Henry VIII4.After the formal break of the British with the papal authorities, who was the head of the church? _______A. KingB. PopeC. BishopD. QueenⅢ名词解释1.Calvinism2.the Council of Trent3.Counter-ReformationⅣ简答与问答1.What are the doctrines of Martin Luther?2.What was the significance of the Reformation in European civilization?Renaissance in other CountriesⅠ填空题1.The Protestant group in France was known as the Huguenots whose rivalry with the CatholicChurch led to the wars of religion from 1562 to 1598.2.In 1492 the Moors that had ruled Spain for four centuries were driven out from their laststronghold.3.In 1492 Columbus discovered American and claimed America for Spain.4.The author of Don Quixote is Cervantes.5.Albrecht Dürer was the leader of the Renaissance in Germany. His engravings areunsurpassed and his paintings of animals and plants are exceedingly sensitive.6.Under the reign of Elizabeth I, England began to embark on the road to colonization andforeign control that was to take it onto its heyday of capitalist development.7.Thomas More was a great humanist during the Renaissance. Among his writings the bestknown is Utopia.8.Cervantes crowned literature of Spain and Shakespeare of England during the Renaissance.Ⅱ选择题1.Which of the following works was written by Rabelais, in which he praises the greatness ofman, expresses his love of love and his reverence and sympathy for humanist learning?_______A.Gargantua and PantagruelB. Don QuixoteC. The Praise of FollyD. Utopia2.Whose motto put down in his essays ―What do Know‖ is world famous?________A. CervantesB. RabelaisC. MontaigneD. Shakespeare3.Which of the following works is worth reading for Montaigne’s humanist ideas and a stylewhich is easy and familiar? ________A. SonnetsB. DecameronC. RabelaisD. Of Repentance4.Which of the following is NOT French writer poet? _______A. CervantesB. Pierre de RonsardC. RabelaisD. Montaigne5.In 1516 who published the first Greek edition of the New Testament?_________A. BruegelB. ErasmusC. El GrecoD. Rabelais6.―To be, or not to be, -- that is the question ‖ from whose works? _______A. ChaucerB. DanteC. Roger BaconD. ShakespeareⅢ简答与问答1.Why did England come later than other countries during the Renaissance? In what way wasEnglish Renaissance different from that of other countries? Who were the major figures and what were their contributions?Science and Technology during the RenaissanceⅠ填空题1.The Renaissance was the golden age of geographical discoveries: by the year of 1600 thesurface of the known earth was doubled.。

欧文01-09全部真题

2001年下半年北京市高等教育自学考试欧洲文化入门试卷注意：本试题共六题。

请将全部答案写在试题所附的答卷上，否则不记分I. Multiple Choice (40%)1. _________ believed that the highest good in life was pleasure, freedom from pain and eraotional upheaval.A. SophistsB. CynicsC. SkepticsD. Epicureans2 _________ is said to have told the king of Syracuse: "Give me a place to stand, and I will movethe world."A. ArchimedesB. AristotleC. PlatoD. Euclid3. Increasingly troubled by the inroads of northem tribes such as Goths, the West Roman Empire finally collapsed in _________A. 395B. 27C. 1453D. 4764. The City of God was written by ________, the most important of all the leaders of Christian thought.A. JesusB. AugustineC. Thomas AquinasD. Martin Luther5. _________ was a painter, a sculptor, an architect, a musician, an engineer, and a scientist- aRenaissance man in the true sense of the word.A. MichelangeloB. RaphaelC. ShakespeareD. da Vinci6. In _______, Cervantes satirized a very popular type of literature at the time, the romance of chivalry.A. Don Quixote.B. HamletC. leviathanD. The Life and Surprising Adventures of Robinson Crusoe7. The best- known book written by Thomas More is ________ , which describes an ideal non Christian state where everybody lives a simple life and shares the goods in common, possesses a good knowledge of Latin, fights no war and enjoys full freedom in religious belief.A. The Praise of the FollyB. As You Like ItC. Divine ComedyD. Utopia8. ________, author of Prince, is regarded as "father of political science" in the West.A. MachiavelliB. Dante'C. BaconD. Locke9. In The Revolution of Heavenly Orbs,________ put forward his theory that the sun, not the earth,is the center of the universe.A. KeplerB. GalileoC. NewtonD. Copernicus10. During the _________ century, the modem scientific method began to take shape, which emphasized observation and" experimentation before formulating a final explanation or generalization.A. 18thB. 15 thC. 16 thD. 17 th11. _______ said, "Knowledge is power."A.. Isaac NewtonB. Francis BaconC. John LockeD. Marx12. In Faust,_______ drew on an immense variety of cultural material--theological, mythological, philosophical, political, economic, scientific, aesthetic, musical, and literary.A. GoetheB. DefoeC. RousseauD. Byron13. Which of the following is not regarded as a romantic writer?A. WordsworthB. ShelleyC. PushkinD. Balzac14. The most frequent themes of Romanticism include all of the following except _________.A. the power of reasonB. individual freedomC. spontaneityD. love of nature15. "If winter comes, can Spring be far behind?" is the ending line of "Ode to the West Wind" by ________.A. WordsworthB. KeatsC. PushkinD. Shelley16. The composer of Swan Lake was ____, a genius in symphonic music.A. TchaikovskyB. ChopinC. BeethovenD. Mozart17. The naturalist school founded by Zola in late 19 th century intended __A. to attack the industrial injustice and urban evilsB. to give full play to the imagination of individualsC. to uphold the classical values such as harmony, balance, proportion and retraintD. to demonstrate the law of human conduct by a scientific study of "a slice of life"18. Which of the following novels was not written by Tolstoy?A. ResurrectionB. War and PeaceC. Crime and PunishmentD. Anna Karenina19. In his poems, Walt Whitman sang praises of all of the following value except ________.A. democracyB. the dignity of the individualC. the idyllic way of lifeD. the brotherhood of man20. Modernism was characterized by ________.A. a conscious rejection of established rules, traditions and conventionsB. the exploration of the inner life of the individual and the psychopathology of human relationsC. its intense interest in the bizarre, the mysterious, the unpredictable and the formlessD. all of the above.II. True - False (20%)1. Once every five years, ancient Greeks had a big sports festival on Mount Olympus, which marked the beginning of Olympic Games.2. The greatest names in Western philosophy are Socrates, Plato and Aristotle, who were active in Athens in the 6 th century A.D.3. The body of ideas the Greek philosophers expressed, and the variety of questions they raised about the nature of the world and of human thought, knowledge and conduct, "have had an abiding interest for later generations.4. Christianity remained an object of oppression throughout the history of Roman Empire.5. During the Medieval times there was no central government to keep the order; the only organization that seemed to unite Europe was the Christian church.6. Calvinism stressed the absolute authority of the Roman Catholic church, holding that only those especially selected by God will be saved.7. According to Locke, once a representative is chosen by majority vote, his power is absolute.8. The Declaration of the Rights of Man which was enacted by the English Parliament in 1689 established the supremacy of the Parliament and put an end to divine monarchy in England.9. Descartes believed that thought was the foundation of all knowledge while the senses might deceive us.10. In the Critique of Pure Reason, Kant argued that knowledge is the joint product of both sense and reason.. Explain the Following Terms. (25 % )1. Pax Romana2. The Crusades3. Gothic4. Reformation5. Social DarwinismIV. Answer the Following Question. ( 15 % )Why is Renaissance considered the departure from the Middle Ages and the beginning of modernity?2002年下半年北京市高等教育自学考试欧洲文化入门试题注意：本试题共六题。

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欧文01-09全部真题

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