Screw Instability of Magnetic Field and Gamma-Ray Bursts in Type IbC Supernovae
全超导磁体托卡马克装置 英语
全超导磁体托卡马克装置英语作文Title:Fully Superconducting Tokamak (FST)A Fully Superconducting Tokamak (FST) is a pioneering design in the realm of nuclear fusion research, aiming to harness the power of the stars for sustainable energy production. This essay will provide an overview of FST technology, its operational principles, and its significance in the quest for clean energy.The FST is based on the Tokamak configuration, a doughnut-shaped (toroidal) device that uses magnetic fields to confine plasma, the hot, ionized gas necessary for nuclear fusion reactions. Unlike traditional tokamaks that use copper coils for magnetic confinement, FSTs employ superconducting coils. These coils, operating at extremely low temperatures, can maintain strong magnetic fields with minimal electrical resistance, significantly enhancing the device's efficiency and operational time.The heart of an FST lies in its superconducting coils, which are cooled to cryogenic temperatures, typically near absolute zero, using liquid helium. At these temperatures, the coils become superconductors, meaning they can conductelectricity with zero resistance. This property allows for the creation of powerful, stable magnetic fields that can confine the plasma in the toroidal chamber for extended periods.The plasma, consisting of hydrogen isotopes such as deuterium and tritium, is heated to temperatures exceeding 100 million degrees Celsius, the conditions necessary for nuclear fusion to occur. The magnetic fields generated by the superconducting coils prevent the plasma from touching the chamber walls, which would cool the plasma and disrupt the fusion process.FST technology offers several advantages over conventional tokamaks. Firstly, the use of superconducting coils allows for a more compact design, reducing the overall size and cost of the device. Secondly, FSTs can operate continuously for extended periods, potentially leading to a steady-state fusion reactor that can provide a constant source of electricity. This is in contrast to traditional tokamaks, which can only operate in short bursts due to the limitations of their copper coils.The development of FSTs represents a significant step forward in the pursuit of clean, sustainable energy. Nuclear fusion, if successfully harnessed, could provide a virtuallylimitless supply of energy without the greenhouse gas emissions associated with fossil fuels or the radioactive waste produced by nuclear fission. FSTs, with their improved efficiency and operational stability, bring the dream of fusion power closer to reality.In conclusion, the Fully Superconducting Tokamak (FST) is a cutting-edge technology that promises to revolutionize the field of nuclear fusion. By employing superconducting coils to confine plasma, FSTs offer a more efficient and stable approach to fusion energy production. As research in this area continues, FSTs could pave the way for a future where clean, sustainable energy is a global reality.。
219401845_磁场调控丝状真菌生长发育及代谢产物合成的研究进展
麦婷婷，高梦祥，李利，等. 磁场调控丝状真菌生长发育及代谢产物合成的研究进展[J]. 食品工业科技，2023，44（13）：450−457.doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2022090173MAI Tingting, GAO Mengxiang, LI Li, et al. Research Progress on the Regulation of Magnetic Field on the Growth and Development of Filamentous Fungi and the Synthesis of Metabolites[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2023, 44(13): 450−457. (in Chinese with English abstract). doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2022090173· 专题综述 ·磁场调控丝状真菌生长发育及代谢产物合成的研究进展麦婷婷1，高梦祥1，李 利1，张佳兰2, *，王劲松3（1.长江大学生命科学学院，湖北荆州 434025；2.长江大学动物科学学院，湖北荆州 434025；3.荆楚理工学院生物工程学院，湖北荆门 444800）摘 要：磁场作为一种普遍存在的环境因子，影响着微生物的生长及代谢。
丝状真菌是一类重要的异养型真核生物，在食品工业和生物医药领域有广泛应用。
目前，采用磁场处理丝状真菌已成为工业重要研究目标，而红曲霉、黑曲霉和黄曲霉是丝状真菌常用的典型菌种。
本文分别介绍了磁场调控红曲霉、黑曲霉、黄曲霉等丝状真菌生长及代谢的研究进展，通过不同磁场类型、作用时间、磁场强度等多种磁场参数分析三种丝状真菌磁场磁效应，阐述了磁场对三种典型丝状真菌的生长发育及其代谢物影响规律和代谢关系。
磁共振常用词汇中英文对照
磁共振常用词汇中英文对照磁场:magnetic field自旋磁矩: spin precessing旋转坐标系:rotating frame of reference射场RF field射频脉冲RF pulse磁化强度矢量magnetic field vector横向衰减transverse decay静态场static field static magnetic field分立角flip angle信号signal系统参数system parameter自由感应衰减free indaction decay自旋回波spin echo反转恢复inversion recovery波谱spectrum化学位移chemical shift自旋密度spin density频率编码frequency encoding梯度回波gradient echoK空间K space梯度方向性gradient directivity非线性non-linearuty多维成像multi-dimensional imaging 二维成像2D imaging三维成像3D imaging化学位移成像chemical shift imaging Fourier成像傅利叶imaging离散diffusion图像重建image reconstruction射频线圈RF coil噪音noise滤波filter分辨率resolution空间分辨率spatial resolution填零内插zero padding interpolation 投影projection信噪比signal to noise ratio对比度constrast模值magnitude相位phase选片slice selection校对射频场RF calibration磁体外壳magnet covers匀场电源shim power supply被动匀场passive shim矩阵array梯度功放gradient amplifier矩阵线圈coil array梯度线圈gradient coil射频梯度功放RF (power) amplifier射频滤波器RF filter谱分析spectroscopy病床patient trolley对讲机intercom病理信号采集physiological signal acquisition 脑部线圈head coil颈椎线圈neck coil乳房线圈breast coil体线圈body coil膝盖线圈knee coil脚腕线圈ankle coil肩线圈shoulder coil腕部线圈wrist coil通用线圈genral purpose coil 谱仪spectrometer 工作站console射频屏蔽房RF shield room 射频线RF cable梯度线gradient cable空调A/C (air conditional) 脉冲序列pulse sequence影片机film printer。
电磁振动台的英语
电磁振动台的英语Captivating the essence of seismic simulation, the "Electromagnetic Vibration Table" is an engineering marvel that plays a pivotal role in the realm of product testing and quality assurance. This sophisticated piece of equipment employs the principles of electromagnetic force to generate controlled vibrations, simulating a wide array of dynamic conditions that products may encounter in the real world. From the subtle tremors of everyday use to the intense jolts of seismic activity, the electromagnetic vibration table is designed to test the durability and reliability of items ranging from electronics to automotive components.The operation of this table is a symphony of precision engineering, where an electromagnetic coil is energized, creating a force that moves a suspended mass, known as the moving table or shaker, in a controlled manner. This movement can be adjusted in terms of frequency, amplitude, and duration to replicate various environmental stresses. The versatility of the electromagnetic vibration table is further amplified by its compatibility with different types oftesting standards, making it a valuable tool for industries that require rigorous compliance with quality benchmarks.In the field of research and development, the electromagnetic vibration table is an indispensable asset. It allows scientists and engineers to subject prototypes to rigorous stress tests, ensuring that only the most robustdesigns make it to the production phase. This not only saves costs associated with recalls and repairs but also enhances brand reputation by delivering products that can withstandthe test of time and the elements.Safety is another critical aspect where the electromagnetic vibration table shines. By simulating earthquake conditions in a controlled lab environment, researchers can study the structural integrity of buildings and bridges without putting lives at risk. This has led to significant advancements in construction materials and design methodologies that are better equipped to handle natural disasters.As technology progresses, the electromagnetic vibration table continues to evolve, incorporating advanced featureslike multi-axis capabilities and programmable control systems. This enables even more complex simulations, pushing the boundaries of what can be tested and analyzed. The electromagnetic vibration table stands as a testament to human ingenuity, a tool that not only ensures the quality and safety of our products but also paves the way for future innovations that can withstand the unpredictable forces of nature.。
物理专业英语词汇（S）_数学物理英语词汇
s branch s 分支s d exchange interaction s d 交换相互酌s d mixing s d 混合s d problem s d 问题s matrix s 矩阵s orbital s 轨函数s process s 过程s quark s 夸克s wave s 波s/n ratio 信噪比saccharimeter 糖量计saccharometer 砂糖检糖计sachs moment 萨克斯矩saddle point method 最陡下降法safety facfor 安全因子safety factor 定全系数sagitta 天箭座sagittal beam 弧矢光束sagittarius 人马座sagnac effect 萨尼亚克效应saha ionization theory 萨哈电离论saha's equation 萨哈公式saha's formula 萨哈公式sakata model 坂田模型salt 盐sample 样品sampling 抽样sampling oscilloscope 取样示波器sampling theorem 抽样定理saros 萨罗斯周期satellite 卫星satellite line 光谱线的伴线satellite observation 人造卫星观测satellite reflection 卫星反射saturable absorber 选择性饱和滤光器非线性滤光器saturable dye 饱和染料saturable reactor 饱和电抗器saturated steam 饱和水蒸汽saturated vapor 饱和水蒸汽saturated vapor pressure 饱和蒸汽压saturated vapor pressure curve 饱和蒸气压曲线saturation 饱和saturation current 饱和电流saturation curve 饱和曲线saturation magnetization 饱和磁化saturation point 饱和点saturation pressure 饱和压力saturation state 饱和态saturation temperature 饱和温度saturation value 饱和值saturation vapor pressure 饱和蒸气压saturation voltage 饱和电压saturn 土星sausage instability 腊肠形不稳定性savart plate 萨瓦尔板savart's polarizing plate 萨瓦尔偏振光镜sawtooth generator 锯齿形波发生器saxon woods potential 萨克逊伍兹势scalar coupling 标量耦合scalar curvature 标量曲率scalar field 标量场scalar particles 标量粒子scalar potential 标量势scalar quantity 标量scale 度标scale factor 标度因子scale height 标高scale invariance 扩张不变性scale of two circuit 二进位定标电路scaling circuit 定标电路scaling invariance 标度无关性scaling law 标度律scaling theory 标度理论scan 扫描scandium 钪scanning 扫描scanning auger microanalysis 扫描俄歇微区分析scanning electron microscope 扫描电子显微镜scanning laser acoustic microscope 扫描激光声显微镜scanning total reflection 扫描全反射scanning transmission electron microscope 扫描透射电子显微镜scanning tunneling microscope 扫描隧道电子显微镜scattered light 漫射光scattered radiation 散射辐射scattered wave 散射波scattered x rays 散射 x 射线scattering 散射scattering amplitude 散射辐度scattering angle 散射角scattering center 散射中心scattering chamber 散射室scattering coefficient 散射系数scattering cross section 散射截面scattering factor 散射因子scattering formula 散射公式scattering length 散射长度scattering matrix 散射矩阵scattering medium 散射介质scattering operator 散射算符scenograph 透视仪schaefer bergmann's diffraction pattern 夏费贝尔格曼衍射图样schering bridge 沃电桥schlieren chamber 超快扫描照相机schlieren method 纹影照相法schlieren pattern 纹影图样schmid factor 施密得因数schmidt camera 施密特望远镜schmidt lines 施密特线schmidt number 施密特数schmidt rule 施密特定则schmidt telescope 施密特望远镜schmidt value 施密特值schmitt trigger 施密特触发器schoenflies' symbol 熊夫利符号schottky barrier 肖脱基势垒schottky barrier gate field effect transistor 肖脱基势结型场效应晶体管schottky defect 肖脱基缺陷schottky diode 肖脱基二极管schottky disorder 肖脱基缺陷schottky effect 散粒效应schottky transistor 肖脱基晶体管schrot effect 散粒效应schultz method 舒尔茨法schulz gage 舒尔茨真空计schumann region 舒曼区schumann resonance 舒曼共振schur's lemma 舒尔引理schwarzschild exterior solution 施瓦茨席尔德外部解schwarzschild interior solution 施瓦茨席尔德内部解schwarzschild radius 施瓦茨席尔德半径schwinger function 施温格函数schwinger model 施温格模型sciameter x射线测定器science 科学scientist 科学工走scintigram 闪烁图scintillation 闪光;闪烁scintillation counter 闪烁计数器scintillation crystal 闪烁晶体scintillation screen 闪烁屏scintillation spectrometer 闪烁谱仪scintillator 闪烁体scintilloscope 闪烁仪sclerometer 硬度计scleronomic system 与时间无关的系统scmitt trigger circuit 施密特触发器scorpius 天蝎座scotopic vision 暗视觉scram 紧急停堆scratch hardness 划痕硬度screen grid 屏栅screening 屏蔽screening constant 屏蔽常数screening effect 屏蔽效应screening number 屏蔽常数screw axis 螺旋轴screw dislocation 螺型位错screw pinch 螺旋箍缩sculptor 玉夫座scutum 盾牌座seaquake 海震search light 探照灯second harmonic generation 二次谐波发生second law of thermodynamics 热力学第二定律second order phase transition 二级相跃迁second quantization 二次量子化second sound 第二声second viscosity 第二粘性secondary battery 二次电池secondary cell 二次电池secondary circuit 次级电路secondary component 次级成分secondary cosmic rays 次级宇宙线secondary defect 二次缺陷secondary electron 次级电子secondary electron induced by ion bombardment 离子轰恍应二次电子secondary electron multiplier 二次电子倍增管secondary emission 二次电子发射secondary extinction 次级衰减secondary ion emission 次级离子发射secondary ion mass spectrometry 次级离子质谱法secondary ionization 次级电离secondary paticle beam 次级粒子束secondary quantum number 次量子数secondary radiation 次级辐射secondary spectrum 次级光谱secondary standard 二次标准secondary thermometer 二次温度计secondary x rays 二次 x 射线seconds pendulum 秒摆sector velocity 面积速度secular acceleration 长期加速secular equation 永恒方程secular parallax 长期视差secular perturbation 长期微扰secular precession 长期岁差sedimentation coefficient 沉降系数sedimentation equilibrium 沉降平衡sedimentation velocity 沉降速度seebeck effect 塞贝克效应seed crystal 晶种seeing 能见度seger cone 测温锥segment 段segmentation 分割segregation 偏析seiche 静震seismic focus 震源seismic intensity 地震强度seismic wave 地震波seismoelectricity 地震电学seismogeomagnetism 地震地磁学seismogram 地震记录图seismograph 地震仪seismology 地震学seismometer 地震计seismophysics 地震物理学seismoscope 验震器selected area diffraction 选区衍射selection 选择selection rule 选择规则selective absorption 选择性吸收selective growth 选择性生长selective reflection 选择反射selectivity 选择性selector 选择器selenium 硒selenium cell 硒光电池selenium rectifier 硒整流selenochronology 月球年代学selenodesy 月球测量学selenography 月面学selenomorphology 月貌学selenophone 照相录声机selenotectonics 月球构造学self absorption 自吸收self acting control 自行控制self adjoint extension 自伴扩张self adjoint operator 自伴算符self blocking 阻挡效应self canalization 自沟道效应self channeling 自沟道效应self collision 自碰撞self compression 自压缩self consistent field 自洽场self correlation 自相关self diffusion 自扩散self diffusion coefficient 自扩散系数self energy 自能self excitation 自激self excited generator 自激发电机self excited oscillation 自激振荡self excited oscillation circuit 自激振荡电路self focusing beam 自聚焦束self inductance 自感self induction 自感应self intensification 自增强self locking 自同步self mode locking 自锁模self operated control 自行控制self oscillation 自激振荡self oscillatory system 自激振荡系统self quenching counter 自灭式计数管self reversal 自反转self rotation 固有转动self similarity 自相似self sustained oscillations 连续振荡self sustaining discharge 自续放电self sustaining fusion 自续聚变self trapped electron 自俘获电子self trapped exciton 自俘获激子self trapping 自陷获selsyn motor 自动同步机sem 扫描电子显微镜semi 半semi channeling 半沟道效应semi classical method 半经典方法semi classical theory 半经典论semi group 半群semi insulator 半绝缘体semicircular spectrometer 半圆形光谱仪semicircular spectroscope 半圆形光谱仪semiconducting glass 半导电玻璃semiconductive polymer 半导电聚合物semiconductor 半导体semiconductor detector 半导体探测器semiconductor device 半导体装置semiconductor diode 半导体二极管semiconductor doped glass 半导体掺入玻璃semiconductor heterostructure 半导体异质结构semiconductor laser 半导体激光器semiconductor laser diode 半导体激光二极管semiconductor memory 半导体存储器semiconductor metal contact 半导体金属接触semiconductor microcrystallite 半导体微晶semiconductor quantum well structure 半寻体量子阱结构semiconductor rectifier 半导体整流semiconductor superlattice 半导体超点阵semiempirical molecular orbital method 半经验分子轨道法semileptonic decay 半轻子衰变semimetal 半金属semipermeable membrane 半透膜sense of rotation 旋转方向sensibility 灵敏度sensible heat 显热sensitive element 敏感元件sensitive tint 灵敏色辉sensitive tint plate 灵敏色辉片sensitivity 敏感度sensitized fluorescence 敏化荧光sensitometer 感光计sensitometry 感光度测定sensor 敏感元件sensor test 传感圃验separate excitation 他激separated function type synchrotron 分离机能型同步加速器separately excited generator 他激电机separating surface 界面sequence 序列serber force 塞伯力series connection 串联series generator 串激发电机series of spectrum lines 光谱线系series resistance 串联电阻series resonance 串联共振serpens 巨蛇座servoamplification 伺服放大servomechanism 伺服机构servomotor 伺服电动机sextans 六分仪座sextet 六重态seyfert galaxy 赛弗特星系shade 阴影shadow 阴影shadow effect 阴影效应shadow method 阴影法shadow microscope 阴影电子显微镜shadow scattering 衍射散射shallow water wave 浅水波shannon theorem 香农定理shape memory effect 形状记忆效应shaping circuit 形成电路sharp series 锐系列shearing force 剪切力shearing interferometer 错位干涉仪shearing modulus 剪切殚性模量shearing strain 剪切应变shearing strength 抗剪强度shearing stress 剪切应力sheet model 薄板模型shell 壳shell model 壳模型shf 超高频shield 屏蔽shield of a pile 屏蔽shielding material 屏蔽材料shift 位移shiva laser 希瓦激光器shive wave machine 沙伊布的波动实验器shock 冲击shock heating 冲花加热shock tube 花管shock tunnel 花管shock wave 冲花shockley partial dislocation 肖克利局部位错shockley state 肖克利态shore hardness 肖氏硬度short circuit 短路short focus lens 短焦距的透镜short life 短命short range correlation 短程关联short range interaction 短程相互酌short range order 短程有序short range order parameter 短程有序度short take off and landing aircraft 短距起落机short wave 短波shot effect 散粒效应shot noise 散粒噪声shower 簇射shower counter 簇射计数器shower particle 簇射粒子shubnikov de haas effect 舒勃尼科夫德哈斯效应shubnikov group 舒勃尼科夫群shunt 分路shunt generator 并励发电机shutter 快门si prefixes si 词头si unit si 单位side pressure 侧压side quark s 夸克sideband 边带sideband instability 边带不稳定性sidereal day 恒星日sidereal time 恒星时sidereal year 恒星年siderite 石铁陨星siderolite 石铁陨星siderostat 定星镜siemens 闻子sievert 违特sight 视觉sigma bond 键sigma electron 电子sigma model 模型sigma orbital 轨函数sigma pi interaction 相互酌signal 信号signal generator 信号发生器signal lamp 信号灯signal reproduction 信号的再生signal to noise ratio 信噪比signal velocity 信号速度signs of the zodiac 黄道十二宫silencer 消声器silent discharge 无声放电silicon 硅silicon diode 硅二极管silicon photocell 硅光电池silicon semiconductor detector 硅半导体探测器silver 银silver oxide cell 氧化银电池similarity 相似similarity law 相似定律similarity parameter 相似准则similarity theory 相似理论similarity transformation 相似变换similitude criterion 相似准则similitude theorem 相似定理simple harmonic motion 简谐运动simple pendulum 单摆simple tone 纯音simulation 模拟simulator 模拟器simultaneity 同时性simultaneously measurable 同时可测定sine 正弦sine condition 正弦条件sine curve 正弦曲线sine galvanometer 正弦检疗sine wave 正弦波sine wave generator 正弦波振荡器single bond 单键single closed shell nuclei 单闭合壳核single crystal 单晶single crystal diffraction 单晶衍射single crystal growing 单晶生长single electron tunneling 单电子隧道贯穿single mode fiber 单模纤维single particle energy 单粒子能single particle level 单粒子能级single particle transition probability 单粒子跃迁几率single phase alternating current 单相交流single wavelength laser 单波长激光器singlet 单线singlet state 单态singular integral 奇异积分singular matrix 奇异矩阵singular point 奇点singularity of space time 时空奇点sink 汇点sintering 烧结sinusoid 正弦曲线sinusoidal wave 正弦波siphon 虹吸siren 验音盘site selection spectroscopy 位置选择光谱学size effect 尺寸效应skew quadrupole magnet 斜四极磁铁skew ray 不交轴光线skin depth 囚深度skin effect 囚效应skin friction 表面摩擦skin layer 表层sky radiation 天空辐射skylab 天空实验室skyrme force 斯基尔姆力skyshine 天空回散照射slater determinant 斯莱特行列式slavnov taylor identity 斯拉夫诺夫泰勒恒等式slide 滑动slide resistance 滑触变阻器slide rheostat 滑触变阻器sliding friction 滑动摩擦slip 滑移slip plane 滑移面slit 狭缝slit function 狭缝函数slit spectrograph 狭缝摄谱仪slit width 缝隙宽slot antenna 狭缝天线slow acting relay 时滞继电器slow neutron 慢中子slow neutron capture 慢中子俘获slow positron beam 慢正电子束slowing down 减速slowing down density 减速密度slowing down length 慢化长度slowing down of neutrons 中子减速slowing down power 慢化本领small angle scattering 小角散射small angle scattering camera 小角散射照相机small calorie 克卡smectic crystal 近晶型液晶smectic phase 碟状液晶分子相smelting 熔解smith interferometer 史密斯干涉仪smoothing circuit 平滑电路snoek peak 斯诺依克峰so group 特殊正交群soap bubble model 皂泡模型sodium 钠sodium chloride structure 食盐结构sodium discharge lamp 钠灯sodium nitrate structure 硝酸钠结构sodium vapour lamp 钠灯sodiumlamp 钠灯soft component 软成分soft magnetic material 软磁材料soft mode 软模soft phonon 软声子soft superconductor 第一类超导体soft x ray spectroscopy 软 x 射线光谱学softening 软化softening point 软化点softening temperature 软化温度software 软件sol 溶胶solar activity 太阳活动solar apex 太阳向点solar battery 太阳电池solar beam plan 阳光计划solar calendar 阳历solar cells 太阳电池solar constant 太阳常数solar corona 日冕solar cosmic rays 太阳宇宙线solar cycle 太阳活动周solar day 太阳日solar eclipse 日食solar energy 太阳能solar energy storer 太阳能贮藏器solar flare 太阳耀斑solar furnace 太阳炉solar halo 日晕solar magnetic field 太阳磁场solar neutrino 太阳中微子solar neutrino unit 太阳中微子单位solar noise 太阳噪声solar physics 太阳物理学solar radiation 太阳辐射solar radio radiation 太阳射电辐射solar radioastronomy 太阳射电天文学solar spectrum 太阳光谱solar system 太阳系solar telescope 太阳望远镜solar time 太阳时solar wind 太阳风solar x ray 太阳 x 射线solar year 太阳年solarization 曝光过度酌soldering 钎焊solenoid 螺线管solid 固体solid angle 立体角solid body 固体solid helium 固体氦solid of revolution 族转体solid phase 固相solid solution 固溶体solid solution hardening 固溶体硬化solid state 固态solid state counter 固体计数器solid state detector 固体探测器solid state electronics 固体电子学solid state laser 固体激光器solid state physics 固体物理学solid state pinch effect 固体箍缩效应solid state plasma 固体等离子体solid state relay 固体继电器solidification 凝固solidification point 结晶温度solidifying point 凝固点solidus 固相线solitary wave 孤立波soliton 孤立子solstice 二至点solubility 溶解度solubility product 溶解度积solute 溶质solution 溶液;解solution velocity 溶解速度solvation 溶剂化solvent 溶媒sommerfeld radiation condition 拴菲辐射条件sonagraph 声图仪sonar 声呐sonde 探头sondheimer oscillation 松德亥姆振动sone 宋sonic depth finder 声深度观察装置sonic holography 声全息学sonics 应用声学sonoluminescence 声发光sonometer 弦音计soret effect 俗效应sorption 吸着sorption pump 吸着泵sound 声sound absorbent 吸声体sound absorption 吸声sound absorption coefficient 吸声率sound absorption factor 吸声率sound absorptivity 吸声率sound analyser 声音分析器sound effect 声效应sound energy 声能sound field 声场sound field calibration 声场校准sound insulation 隔声sound intensity 声强sound level 声级sound level meter 声级计sound navigation and ranging 声呐sound output 声功率sound power level 声功率级sound pressure 声压sound proof chamber 隔音室sound quality 音质sound quantum 声子sound radiation 声辐射sound rays 声线sound recording 录声sound reflection 声反射sound reflector 声音反射器sound refraction 声折射sound reproduction 声的重发sound source 声源sound spectrum 声谱sound velocity 声速sound vibration 声振动sound volume 声量sound wave 声波sound wave luminescence 声波发光sounding compass 发声罗盘source 源source follower 源跟踪器源极输出器source of energy 能源source of heat 热源source of light 光源source of sound 声源south pole 南极space 空间space astronomy 空间天文学space charge 空间电荷space charge density 空间电荷密度space charge effect 空间电荷效应space charge factor 电子管导电系数space charge layer 空间电荷层space charge limited current 空间电荷限制电流space clock 宇宙钟space communication 宇宙通讯space density 空间密度space distribution 空间分布space filtering 空间滤波space flight 宇宙飞行space group 空间群space inversion 空间反射space junk 空间垃圾space laboratory 天空实验室space lattice 空间点阵space navigating plant 航天工厂space plant 太空工厂space plasma physics 空间等离子体物理学space potential 空间电位space probe 宇宙探测器航天探测器space quantization 空间量子化space reflection 空间反射space research 宇宙空间研究space science 空间科学space shuttle 航天飞船space station 宇宙空间站space telescope 空间望远镜space time 时空space time quantization 时空量子化space velocity 空间速度space very long baseline interferometry 空间甚长基线干涉测量法space vlbi 空间甚长基线干涉测量法spallation 散裂spallation reaction 散裂反应spark 火花spark breakdown 火花哗spark chamber 火花室spark counter 火花计数器spark discharge 火花放电spark gap 火花隙spark line 火花谱线spark spectrum 火花光谱sparking 放花spatial frequency filtering 空间频率的滤波spatial frequency spectrum 空间频率谱spatial parity conservation law 空间宇称守恒律spatial quantization 空间量子化spatial velocity 空间速度spationautics 宇宙航行学speaker 扬声器special function 特殊函数special orthogonal group 特殊正交群special theory of relativity 狭义相对论special unitary group 特殊酉群specific acoustic impedance 比声阻抗specific binding energy 比结合能specific conductance 导电率specific electronic charge 电子的比电荷specific gravity 比重specific gravity bottle 比重瓶specific heat 比热specific heat at constant pressure 定压比热specific heat at constant volume 定体比热specific impulse 比冲量specific ionization 比电离specific power 功率密度specific ray constant 比常数specific resistance 电阻率specific surface 比表面积specific viscosity 比粘度specific weight 比重specification 说明speckle 斑纹speckle holography 斑纹全息学speckle interferometry 斑纹干涉学speckle pattern 斑纹图样speckle shearing interferometry 斑纹切位变干涉测定spectacle lens 眼镜片spectacles 眼镜spectral analysis 光谱分析spectral characteristic 光谱特性spectral colour 谱色spectral density 谱线密度spectral distribution 光谱分布spectral distribution curve 光谱分布曲线spectral function 谱函数spectral ghost 光谱鬼线spectral intensity 谱强度spectral line 谱线spectral line width 谱线宽度spectral luminous efficiency 光谱发光效率spectral purity 谱纯度spectral reflectance 光谱反射系数spectral reflection factor 光谱反射系数spectral representation 谱表示spectral sensitivity 谱灵敏度spectral sequence 光谱序spectral series 谱线系spectral term 谱项spectral type 光谱型spectrobologram 分光变阻测热图spectrobolometer 分光变阻测热计spectrofluorimeter 分光荧光计spectrofluorometer 分光荧光计spectrogram 光谱图spectrograph 分光谱仪spectrohelioscope 太阳光谱观测镜spectrometer 光谱仪spectrometry 光谱测定法spectrophotofluorometer 荧光分光光度计spectrophotography 光谱摄影学spectrophotometer 分光光度计spectrophotometry 光谱测定法spectrophysics 光谱物理学spectroradiometer 辐射谱仪spectroscope 分光镜spectroscopic analysis 光谱分析spectroscopic binary 分光双星spectroscopic lamp 光谱灯spectroscopic notation 光谱学符号spectroscopic parallax 分光视差spectroscopic photography 分光摄影术spectroscopy 光谱学spectrum 光谱spectrum locus 光谱轨迹spectrum selector 光谱选挥器spectrum variable 光谱变星speech analysis 语音分析speech processing 语音处理speed 速率speed of propagation 传播速度spent fuel 烧过的核燃料sphalerite structure 闪锌矿型结构spherical aberration 球面象差spherical albedo 球面反照率spherical astronomy 球面天文学spherical coordinates 球坐标spherical mirror 球面镜spherical nucleus 球形核spherical pendulum 球摆spherical photometer 球形光度计spherical tensor 球面张量spherical wave 球面波spherically symmetric potential 球对称势spherometer 球面仪spherulite 球粒spica 角宿spiking oscillation 脉冲尖峰振荡spin 自旋spin correlation 自旋相关spin density matrix 自旋密度矩阵spin density wave 自旋密度波spin doublet 自旋双重态spin echo 自旋回波spin exchange relaxation 自旋交换张弛spin flip 自旋反转spin flip laser 自旋反转激光器spin flip raman laser 自旋反转喇曼激光器spin fluctuation 自旋涨落spin glass 自旋玻璃spin hamiltonian 自旋哈密顿函数spin incoherence 自旋非相干性spin magnetic moment 自旋磁矩spin magnetic resonance 自旋磁共振spin matrix 自旋矩阵spin orbit coupling 自旋轨道耦合spin orbit interaction 自旋轨道相互酌spin orbit splitting 自旋轨道劈裂spin phonon interaction 自旋声子相互酌spin polarization 自旋极化spin quantum number 自旋量子数spin reorientation 自旋再取向spin resonance 自旋共振spin spin interaction 自旋自旋相互酌spin sublevel 自旋亚能级spin wave 自旋波spinel 尖晶石spinel structure 尖晶石型结构spinodal curve 旋节线spinodal decomposition 旋节线分解spinon 自旋振子spinor 旋量spinor field 旋量场spiral arm 旋臂spiral galaxy 旋涡星系spiral growth 螺旋形生长spiral nebula 旋涡星云splitting 分裂splitting factor 破裂系数splitting of spectral lines 谱线的分裂spontaneous emission 自发发射spontaneous fission 自发裂变spontaneous magnetization 自发磁化spontaneous optical rotatory power 自发旋光本领spontaneous polarization 自发极化spontaneous radiation 自发辐射spontaneous strain 自发变形spontaneous symmetry breakdown 自发对称破缺spontaneous transition 自发跃迁sporadic e layer 分散 e 层sporadic reflection 异常反射spot size 光斑尺寸spout 龙卷spread function 扩展函数spring 弹簧spring balance 弹簧秤spur 径迹spurion 虚假粒子spurious count 虚假计数spurious impulse 虚假计数spurious radiation 寄生辐射sputnik 卫星sputter ion pump 溅射离子泵sputtering 飞溅square well potential 矩形势阱squeezed state 压缩态squid 超导量子干涉仪stability 稳定度stability conditions 稳定条件stability theory of flow 聊稳定性理论stabilization 稳定化stabilizer 稳定器stable element 稳定元素stable isotope 稳定同位素stable nucleus 稳定核stacking fault 堆垛层错stacking fault tetrahedron 堆垛层错四面体stagnation 滞止stagnation point 滞点staircase magnetization curve 阶梯磁化曲线stalling 失速standard atmosphere 标准大气;标准大气压standard barometer 标准气压计standard big bang model 标准大爆炸模型standard candle 标准烛光standard capacitor 标准电容器standard cell 标准电池standard clock 标准钟standard conditions 标准条件standard cosmology 标准宇宙论standard deviation 均方根误差standard electrode 标准电极standard frequency 标准频率standard illuminant 标准光源standard instrument 标准仪器standard leak 标准漏孔standard light source 标准光源standard model 标准模型standard observer 标准观测员standard pressure 标准压力standard resistance 标准电阻standard resistance thermometer 标准电阻温度计standard resistor 标准电阻standard signal generator 标准信号发生器standard state 标准状态standard stimuli 标准剌激standard temperature 标准温度standard thermometer 标准温度计standard time 标准时standardization 标准化standing wave laser 驻波激光器standing wave ratio 驻波比standing wave type accelerator cavity 驻波型加速撇振腔standing waves 驻波stanton number 斯坦顿数star 星star atlas 星图star catalog 星表star cloud 星云star cluster 星团star formation 恒星形成stark effect 斯塔克效应stark spectroscopy 斯塔克光谱学stark switching method 斯塔克开关法starquake 星震starting voltage 始发电压state 态state density 态密度state function 态函数state variable 态变数state vector 态矢量static ac dc converter 静止变流static characteristic 静态特性static charge 静电荷static electricity 静电static induction transistor 静电感应晶体管static pressure 静压static pressure tube 静压statics 静力学stationary field 恒定场stationary gaussian markovian process 平稳高斯马尔可夫过程stationary motion 稳定运动stationary point 逗留点stationary process 平稳过程stationary random process 平稳随机过程stationary satellite 同步卫星stationary state 定态stationary universe 稳定宇宙stationary wave method 驻波法stationary waves 驻波statistical average 统计平均statistical distribution 统计分布statistical ensemble 统计系综statistical equilibrium 统计平衡statistical estimation 统计估计statistical factor 统计因数statistical fluctuation 统计起伏statistical inference 统计推断statistical law 统计定律statistical mechanics 统计力学statistical model 统计模型statistical operator 统计算符statistical optics 统计光学statistical physics 统计物理学statistical sum 统计和statistical thermodynamics 统计热力学statistical weight 统计权重stator 定子steady flow 稳定流steady state 稳态steady state universe 稳定宇宙steam 汽steam engine 蒸汽机stefan boltzmann constant 斯忒藩玻耳兹曼常数stefan boltzmann law 斯蒂芬玻尔兹曼定律stellar association 星协stellar astronomy 恒星天文学stellar cosmogony 恒星演化学stellar evolution 恒星演化stellar foramtion 恒星形成stellar interferometer 恒星干涉仪stellar magnitude 星等stellar photometry 恒星测光stellar population 星族stellar spectrograph 恒星摄谱仪stellar spectroscopy 恒星光谱学stellar spectrum 恒星光谱stellar statistics 恒星统计学stellar structure 恒星结构stellar supercluster 超星系团stellarator 仿星器step 度step function 阶跃函数stepping motor 脉冲电动机stereocomparator 体视比较仪stereographic projection 球极平面投影stereography 立体画法stereoisomer 立体异构体stereoisomerism 立体异构stereophotography 立体摄影术stereophotometer 立体光度计stereophotometry 立体光度测量法stereophotomicrograh 立体显微照相仪stereophysics 立体物理学stereopicture 立体相片stereoplanigraphy 精密立体测量法stereoptics 立体摄影光学stereoradiograph 立体射线照相仪stereoregularity 立体规则性stereoscope 体视镜stereoscopic effect 立体视效应stereoscopic television 立体电视stereoscopic vision 立体视觉stereospectrogram 立体谱图stereotelemeter 立体遥测仪stereotelemetry 立体遥测术stereotelevision 立体电视steric effect 立体效应steric hindrance 空间障碍stern gerlach experiment 斯特陡抢帐笛轺stern volmer equation 斯特段侄匠眺sternheimer effect 斯特叮默效应stickiness 粘附性stiff chain 刚性链stiffness 刚性stilb 熙提stimulated brillouin scattering 受激布里渊散射stimulated compton scattering 受激康普顿散射stimulated emission pumping spectroscopy 受激发射激发光谱学stimulated raman scattering 受激喇曼散射stimulated rayleigh scattering 受激瑞利散射stimulated scattering 受激散射stimulus 刺激stochastic cooling 随机冷却stochastic differential equation 随机微分方程stochastic differentiation 随机微分stochastic integral 随机积分stochastic process 随机过程stochastic quantization 随机量子化stoichiometric equation 化学计量方程stoichiometry 化学计量学stokes component 斯托克斯分量stokes equation 斯托克斯方程stokes law 斯托克斯定律stokes line 斯托克斯线stokes paradox 斯托克斯佯谬stokes's approximation 斯托克斯近似stol aircraft 短距起落机stoner theory 斯托纳理论stopping power 阻止本领storage capacity 存储容量storage counter 存储计数器storage oscilloscope 存储示波器storage ring 储存环straggling 离散strain 应变strain ellipsoid 应变椭球strain gage 应变计strain tensor 应变张量strange attractor 奇异吸引子strange particle 奇异粒子strange quark s 夸克strangeness 奇异性stratified fluid 分层铃stratosphere 平零stray capacity 杂散电容stray current 涡流stray light 杂散光stray radiation 杂散辐射streak camera 超快扫描照相机stream 流stream function 怜数streamer chamber 冲烈streamer discharge 菱放电streamline 吝streamline flow 层流strength 强度strength function 力函数strength of materials 材料强度stress 应力stress concentration 应力集中stress concentration factor 应力集中系数stress cracking 应力断裂stress ellipsoid 应力椭球stress function 应力函数stress intensity factor 应力强度因数stress of electromagnetic field 电磁场的应力stress relaxation 应力弛豫stress strain diagram 应力应变图stress tensor 应力张量stress wave 应力波string 弦string electrometer 弦线静电计string galvanometer 弦线电疗string model 弦模型strip tensometer 应变计stripping reaction 涎反应stroboscope 频闪观测器stroboscope polarimeter 频闪观测偏振计stroboscopic disc 频闪观测盘strong convergence 强收敛strong coupling 强耦合strong electrolyte 强电解质strong focusing 强聚焦strong focusing synchrotron 强聚焦同步加速器strong interaction 强相互酌strontium 锶strouhal number 斯特劳哈尔数structural phase transition 结构相变structural relaxation 结构弛豫structural stability 结构稳定性structure 结构structure constant 结构常数structure factor 结构因子structure function 结构函数structure image 结构象structure invariant 结构不变量structure semi invariant 结构半不变量sturm liouville equation 施图尔姆刘维方程su group 特殊酉群su model su模型su symmetry su对称性subboundary 亚晶界subcritical 次临界的subharmonic 次谐波subjective brightness 亮度sublattice 亚晶格sublattice magnetization 亚晶格磁化sublevel 次能级sublimation 升华sublimation heat 升华热sublimation nuclei 升华核sublimation pump 升华泵submarine earthquake 海震subroutine 子程序subsonic flow 亚声速流subsonic velocity 亚声速subspace 子空间substance 物质substitution method 置换法substitutional solid solution 替代式固溶体substratosphere 副平零subsystem 子系统subtractive colour mixtures 减法混色successive phase transition 逐次相变suction 吸入suction pump 吸气泵suction pyrometer 吸入式高温计sudden approximation 瞬时近似sulfur 硫sulfur cycle 硫循环sulphur 硫sulphuric acid 硫酸sum over states 统计和sum rule 求和定则summer solstice 夏至sun 太阳。
磁学计量常用名词术语及定义
本名词术语及定义适用于磁学计量工作中所涉及到的技术理论和技术方面的一些基本的，常用的磁学量和磁特性及其计量术语。
1 范围本标准规程规定了磁性材料常用名词术语的定义。
本标准适用于各类磁性材料。
2 引用文献下列标准所包含的条文，通过在本标准中引用而构成为本标准条文。
本标准出版时，所示版本均有效。
所有标准都会被修订，适用本标准的各方应探讨适用下列标准最新版本的可能性。
CEI/IEC 60050-221 International Standard / Magnetic materials and components JJG 1013-89 磁学计量名词术语及定义（试行） 3 一般术语 general terms 3.1 场 field可用数和（或）量表示的某一现象的空间分布。
3.2 磁场 magnetic field (1.2)场的一种。
由磁场强度矢量H 和磁通密度矢量B 这两个特征组成的电磁场。
3.3 磁通密度（磁感应强度）B magnetic flux density (magnetic induction) B一种无散轴矢量，它在空间任何点上都定义了该点磁场，该矢量的值由作用于一给定速度的带电粒子的力来决定，即力歹等于电荷量乘以速度下与磁通密度万的矢量积。
Bv Q F⨯= ．注：（1） 实际应用中，通常将穿过均匀磁化的磁体单位横截面积磁通称为磁通密度BAB φ=式中Φ是穿过磁体的磁通：A 是磁体的横截面积，B 由两个分量组成，一个由磁场"在磁体所在空间引起的分量．H 0μ，另一个由磁体自身磁化强度M 引起的分量M 0μ，也称为内禀磁通密度，习惯用i B 表示。
)(00H M H B B i +=+=μμ（2） 当磁体在交变磁场作用下，一周期内磁通密度和内禀磁通密度的最大绝对值称为磁通密度的峰值B和内禀磁通密度峰值i B 。
单位名称为特，单位符号为T 。
3.4 磁通Φ magnetic flux Φ磁通密度的面积分。
机械工程学专业词汇英语翻译(S)
机械工程学专业词汇英语翻译(S)safe load 安全载荷safe seismic distance 安全震距safe stress 安全应力safety coefficient 安全系数safety element 安全元件safety explosive 安全炸药safety factor 安全因数safety limit 安全限值safety valve 安全阀saffman force 萨夫曼力sag 下弯saha equation 萨哈方程saint venant principle 圣维南原理saltation 跃移saltation velocity 跃移速度sample 试样sampling 采样sampling average 采样平均sampling error 取样误差sand heap analogy 沙堆比拟sand hill analogy 沙堆比拟sand wave 沙波sandwich 层叠物sandwich plate 多层板sandwich type shell 夹层壳satellite 卫星satellite dynamics 卫星动力学saturated air 饱和空气saturated gas 饱和气体saturated porous media 饱和多孔介质saturated steam 饱和蒸汽saturated vapor pressure 饱和蒸汽压saturated vapour 饱和蒸汽saturation 饱和saturation adiabat 饱和绝热线saturation curve 饱和曲线saturation pressure 饱和压力saturation ratio 饱和度saturation state 饱和状态saturation temperature 饱和温度saturation value 饱和值saturation vapour pressure 饱和蒸汽压sawtooth pulse 锯齿形脉冲sawtooth wave 锯齿波sawtooth wave oscillation 锯齿波形振荡scalar 标量scalar coupling 标量耦合scalar field 标量场scalar matrix 标量矩阵scalar potential 标量势scalar product 标积scalar quantity 标量scalar tensor 标量张量scale effect 尺度效应scale length 标尺长度scale of hardness 硬度计scale of turbulence 湍陵度scales 天平scaling law 标度律scattered light method 散光法scattered wave 散射波scattering 散射scattering amplitude 散射幅度scattering angle 散射角scattering coefficient 散射系数scattering cross section 散射截面scattering ellipse 散射椭圆scattering error 散射误差scattering in 内散射scattering intensity 散射强度scattering length 散射长度scattering resonance 散射共振schlieren method 纹影法schuler period 舒勒周期sclerometric hardness 刮痕硬度scleronomic constraints 与时间无关的约束scleronomous binding 与时间无关的约束scleroscope 回跳硬度计scleroscope hardness 回跳硬度scratch hardness 刮痕硬度scratch hardness test 刮痕硬度试验screw axis 螺旋轴screw dislocation 螺旋位错screw displacement 螺旋位移screw motion 螺线运动screw propeller 螺旋推进器螺旋桨sea wave 海洋波seal force 气封力seaplane 水上飞机season crack 自裂second class constraint 第二类约束second cosmic velocity 第二宇宙速度second law of dynamics 动力学第二定律second law of thermodynamics 热力学第二定律second of time 时秒second order elasticity 二阶弹性second order fluid 二阶铃second problem of dynamics 动力学知问题second viscosity coefficient 第二粘度系数secondary collision 二次碰撞secondary compression 二次压缩secondary consolidation 二次固结secondary creep 第二阶段蠕变secondary explosion 二次爆炸secondary flow 次级流secondary load 二次负载secondary moment 副力矩secondary motion 次级运动secondary principal stress 次枝力secondary resonance 次级共振secondary simulation error 二次模拟误差secondary stress 次应力secondary structure 次级结构secondary undulation 次波动secondary wave 次级波seconds pendulum 秒摆section 截面section modulus 截面模数section wave 截面波sectional area 截面积sectional drawing 切面图sectorial area 扇形面积sectorial moment of inertia 扇形惯性矩secular determinant 久期行列式secular equation 久期方程sediment runoff 泥沙运载量sedimentation 沉降sedimentation analysis 沉积分析sedimentation balance 沉积天平sedimentation flow 沉积流sedimentation velocity 沉降速度seepage 渗透seepage flow 渗流seepage pressure 渗透压力segment of a circle 弓形segmentation 分割segregation 偏析seiche 湖面波动seism 地震seismic coefficient 地震系数seismic conductivity 地震波传导性seismic effect 地震效应seismic focus 震源seismic force 地震力seismic load 地震荷载seismic pendulum 地震摆seismic pickup 地震拾波器seismic prospecting 震波勘探seismic region 地震区seismic response 地震响应seismic sea wave 地震海啸seismic spectrum 地震波谱seismic surges 地震海啸seismic system 地震系统seismic wave 地震波seismicity 地震活动度seismogram 地震记录图seismograph 地震仪selection 选择self acting control 直接控制self adjusting 自动蝶的self aligning 自的的self alignment 自行的self balancing 自动平衡的self balancing device 自平衡装置self centering 自动定心的self contraction 自收缩self correlation function 自相关函数self damping 自衰减self diffusion 自扩散self diffusion coefficient 自扩散系数self diffusion current 自扩散流self diffusion velocity 自扩散速度self energy 自能self excitation 自激self excited vibration 自激振动self heating 自热self ignition 自点火self inductance 自感self locking 自锁self lubrication 自动润滑self oscillation 自振荡self power 固有功率self radiation 自辐射self regulation 自第self rotation 本正转self scattering 自散射self similar flow 自相似流self similarity 自相似self simulation 自模拟self stress 自具应力self thermal diffusion 自热扩散selsyn 自动同步机semi analytical method 半解析法semi axis 半轴semi circle 半圆semi circular 半圆的semi classical method 半经典的方法semi elliptic spring 半椭圆形弹簧semi infinite body 半无限体semi inverse method 半逆法semi liquid state 半液态semi major axis 长半径semi permeable 半渗透的semi turbulent 半湍聊semiconductor strain gage 半导体应变仪sense of rotation 转动方向sensitivity 灵敏度sensitivity constant 灵敏度常数sensitivity to deformation speed 变形速度灵敏度sensitization 敏化sensor 传感器separated boundary layer 分离边界层separated flow 分离流separation factor 分离因子separation method 分离法separation of variables 变数分离separation point 分离点sequence 序列series 系列serviceability 适用性servo system 伺服系统set noise 机齐声set up 胆setback 后退setting 安装setting frequency 导频率settled creep 似粘性蠕变settlement 沉积settling velocity 沉降速度sextant 六分仪shading 阴影法shadow 阴影shadow factor 阴影因数shadow method 阴影法shadow zone 阴影区shadowgraph 影象图shadowgraph method 描影法shafranov kruskal criterion 沙弗拉诺夫克鲁斯卡尔判据shaft 轴shaft axis 轴心线shaft friction 表面摩擦shaft horsepower 轴马力shaft journal 轴颈shake down 振动硬化shake off effect 振动效应shaking 摇荡shaking conveyer 振动输送机shaking out 振摇萃取shaking screen 摇动筛shaking table 振动台shallow notch 浅切口shallow shell 扁壳shallow water 浅水区shallow water theory 浅水理论shallow water wave 浅水波shape anisotropy 形状蛤异性shape elasticity 形状弹性shape factor 形状因子；形状因数shape parameter of boundary layer 边界层的形状参数shape relaxation 形状弛豫shaping 成形shapiro step 夏皮罗级shattering 破碎shear 剪切shear center 剪心shear crack 剪切裂隙shear deformation 剪切应变shear difference method 剪应力差法shear elasticity 切变弹性shear failure 剪切破坏shear fracture 剪切破坏shear grade 剪切梯度shear lag 剪切滞后shear line 剪切线shear mode 剪切振模shear modulus 剪切模量shear plane 剪切面shear plane method 剪切面法shear resistance 剪切阻力shear strain 剪切应变shear strain energy 剪应变能shear strength 抗剪强度shear stress 剪应力shear stress line 剪应力线shear stress tensor 剪切应力张量shear surface 切变面shear test 剪切试验shear transfer 剪切传递shear turbulence 剪湍寥shear vibration 剪切振动shear viscosity 切变粘度shear wave 等容波sheared edge 剪切边缘shearing area 剪切面积shearing center 剪心shearing coefficient 切变系数shearing curve 剪切曲线shearing elasticity modulus 切变模数shearing error 剪切误差shearing field rheometer 剪切场龄计shearing flow 剪流shearing force 剪力shearing force diagram 剪力图shearing impact 剪切冲击shearing instability 剪切失稳shearing load 剪切载荷shearing method 剪切法shearing moment 剪切力矩shearing rigidity 抗剪刚度shearing stress 剪应力shearing velocity 剪切速度sheet 薄板sheet bar 薄板畔sheet thickness 薄板厚度shell 壳shell of many layers 夹层壳shell of revolution 旋转壳shell theory 壳理论shielding 屏蔽shift 位移shift angle 位差角shift diagram 位移图shift factor 位移因子shift matrix 位移矩阵shift structure 错列结构shift surface 位移面ship 船ship hull 船体ship oscillation 船舶振荡ship resistance 船舶阻力ship wave 船行波shoal water 浅水区shock 冲击撞击shock absorber 缓冲器缓冲装置shock absorption 冲稽收shock adiabat 冲圾热线shock angle 撞磺shock coefficient 撞坏数shock condition 冲货件shock diffuser 激波扩散器shock eliminator 缓冲器减震器shock equation 激波方程shock excitation 撞护发shock expansion 冲还开shock free 无冲荒shock front 激波前沿shock front thickness 激波前沿厚度shock isolation 冲霍离shock isolator 冲霍离器shock layer 激波层shock limitation 激波限制shock line 激波线shock load 冲簧重shock mach number 激波马赫数shock momentum 撞化量shock motion 冲凰动shock normal 冲花线shock polar 激波极线shock polaric diagram 激波极线图shock potential 冲黄shock pressure 冲还力shock proof 抗震的shock propagation 激波传播shock pulse 冲祸冲shock relaxation 激波弛豫shock resistance 冲昏力shock response 冲混应shock response spectrum 冲混应谱shock stall 激波失速shock strength 冲豢度shock stress 冲沪力shock test 冲辉验shock transfer 冲猾递shock tube 激波管shock wave 激波shock wave curvature 激波波前曲率shock wave drag 激波阻力shock wave heating 冲花加热shock wave relation 冲花关系式shockley barrier layer 肖克利势垒层shockley partial dislocation 肖克利型定域位错shoot 急流shooting flow 快速射流急流shore hardness 肖氏硬度shore scleroscope test 肖氏硬度试验short crested wave 短峰波short distance scattering 近距散射short fiber 短纤维short period perturbation 短周期扰动short range force 短程力short term strength 短期强度short time creep strength 短时蠕变强度short time test 快速试验short wave 短波short wave radiation 短波辐射shortness 脆性shot firing 点火shot peening 喷丸硬化shot point 爆破点shrinkage 收缩shrinkage allowance 收缩容许量shrinkage crack 收缩裂缝shrinkage factor 收缩因数shrinkage porosity 收缩孔隙度shrinkage pressure 收缩压强shrinkage stress 收缩应力shut down 停止shutoff 停止side displacement 侧面位移side drag 侧面阻力side overflow 横向溢流side pressure 侧压力side wave 边频波sideslip 侧滑sidewall 侧壁sidewind 侧风sieve mesh 筛孔sieve plate 筛板sign 记号signal 信号silencer 消声器silo 导弹地下仓库similar 相似的similar test 相似检验similarity 相似similarity criterion 相似准则similarity law 相似性定律similarity parameter 相似参数similarity principle 相似性原理similarity rule 相似规则similarity theorem 相似性定律similarity theory 相似理论similarity transformation 相似变换similitude 相似simple 单纯的simple beam 简支梁simple bending 单纯弯曲simple closed curve 简单闭曲线simple elastoplastic problem 简单弹塑性问题simple equivalent pendulum 单摆simple harmonic motion 简谐振动simple harmonic oscillation 简谐振动simple harmonic oscillator 简谐振子simple harmonic wave 简谐波simple hinge 单铰链simple loading 简单加载simple loading theorem 简单加载定理simple material 简单物质simple oscillation 简单振荡simple pendulum 单摆simple refraction 单折射simple shear 简单剪切simple shearing strain 简切应变simple shearing stress 简单切应力simple solid material 简单固体材料simple supported edge 简支边simple system 单一系统simple tension 简单拉伸simple torsion 简单扭转simple truss 简单桁架simple vibration 简单振荡simple wave flow 简单波流simplex interpolation 简单内插simply periodic function 简单周期函数simply supported beam 简单支撑梁simpson's rule 辛普森法则simulated process parameter 模拟过程参数simulated system parameter 模拟系参数simulation 模拟simulation error 模拟误差simulator 模拟装置simultaneity 同时性simultaneous 同时的simultaneous blasting 齐发爆破simultaneous earthquake 同时地震sine 正弦sine wave 正弦波singing 振鸣single crystal 单晶single dislocation 单一位错single force 集中力single phase 单相的single refraction 单折射single rotor 单转子single scattering 单散射single stage compression 单级压缩single stage compressor 单级压缩机single stage pump 单级泵single valuedness 单值性single wave 孤立波singular function 奇异函数singular integral 奇异积分singular perturbation method 奇异微扰法singular point 奇点singular solution 奇异解singular surface 奇异曲面singularity 奇异性sink 汇sink flow 汇流sinking speed 降落速度sinking velocity 沉降速度sintering point 软化点sinusoidal curve 正弦曲线sinusoidal law 正弦定律sinusoidal quantity 正弦量sinusoidal spiral 正弦螺线sinusoidal wave 正弦波siphon 虹吸管site 场地size 尺寸size distribution 粒度分布size reduction 破碎skeletal structure 骨架结构skeletal vibration 骨架振动skeleton 骨架skeleton diagram 方框图skeleton line 骨架线skew 倾斜的skew anisotropy 斜蛤异性skew bridge 斜桥skew distribution 非对称性分布skew lines 斜直线skew symmetry 斜对称skin 囚skin depth 囚深度skin friction 表面摩擦skin friction resistance 表面摩擦阻力skin friction stress 表面摩擦应力skin resistance 表面阻力skip phenomenon 跳跃现象skipped distance 跳跃距离slab 平板slant distance 斜距slat 前缘缝翼sleeve 轴套slender body 细长体slender profile 细长翼slender rod 细杆slender wing 小展弦比机翼slenderness 细长比slenderness ratio 细长比slide 滑动slide valve air pump 滑阀空气泵slider 滑板sliding bearing 滑动轴承sliding contact 滑动接触sliding friction 滑动摩擦sliding friction torque 滑动摩擦力矩sliding mode crack 滑移型裂纹sliding motion 滑动sliding pressure 滑动压sliding resistance 滑动阻力sliding surface 滑动面sliding vector 滑移矢量sliding weight 滑锤slight earthquake 轻微地震slip band 滑移带slip coefficient 滑恋数slip direction 滑移方向slip flow 滑流slip frequency 差频slip line 滑动线slip moment 滑动力矩slip plane 滑移面slip ratio 滑动比slip ring 滑环slip speed 转差速率slip stream 滑流slip surface 滑动面slip system 滑移系slip vector 滑移矢量slip velocity 滑临度slip zone 滑移区slippage tensor 滑僚量slipping 滑动slipstream effect 滑璃应slit 缝隙slope 倾斜slope current 倾斜流坡度流slope deflection 斜挠度slope deflection method 角变位移法slope distance 斜距slope failure 边坡破坏slope of surface 水面坡度slope resistance 坡度阻力slot 缝slow 慢的slow boundary layer 慢边界层slow flow 缓流slow motion 慢速移动slow release 慢释放slowing down 减速slowly varying component 慢变分量slug flow 慢流slurry pump 泥浆泵small amplitude oscillation 小振幅振荡small angle collision 小角碰撞small calorie 克卡small deformation 小变形small hardness 微硬度small oscillation 小振荡small scale turbulence 小尺度湍流smoke gas 烟气smoke wind tunnel 烟风洞smooth flow 平滑怜smooth pipe 光滑管道smooth surface 光滑面smooth tube 光滑管道smoothed curve 光滑曲线smoothing 平滑化smoothness 平滑度smoothness properties 平滑特性snaking 蛇行snow load 雪载soaking 浸渍soap film analogy 肥皂膜比拟soaring 滑翔soft shell 软壳softening 软化softening point 软化点soil characteristic 土的特性soil dynamics 土动力学soil erosion 土壤侵蚀soil humidity 土壤水分soil mechanics 土力学soil moisture 土壤水分soil pressure 土压soil suction force 土壤抽吸力soil temperature 土壤温度solar tidal wave 太阳潮汐波solar wind 太阳风solid 固体solid angle 立体角solid body 固体solid friction 固体摩擦solid gas interface 固气界面solid liquid interface 固液界面solid mechanics 固体力学solid of revolution 旋转体solid of rotation 旋转体solid phase 固相solid physical mechanics 固体物理力学solid plastic 固塑性的solid propellant rocket 固体燃料火箭solid solid interface 固固界面solid state 固态solidification 凝固solidification heat 凝固热solidification point 凝固点solidification shrinkage 凝固收缩solidity 固态solifluction 泥流solitary wave 孤立波solute boundary layer 溶质边界层solution 解sonic bang 声击sonic barrier 声障sound absorption 声吸收sound damping coefficient 声阻尼系数sound energy 声能sound insulating material 隔声材料sound oscillation 声振荡sound pressure 声压sound pressure level 声压级sound proof 隔音的sound velocity 声速sound wave 声波source 源source flow 源流source function 源函数source of seismic wave 地震波源space centrode 固定瞬心轨迹space cone 定瞬轴锥面space coordinates 空间坐标space craft 宇宙飞船space curve 空间曲线space distribution 空间分布space flight 宇宙飞行space framework 立体构架space inversion 空间反演space lattice structure 空间晶格结构space motion 空间运动space perception 空间感受space potential 空间势space problem 空间问题space reflection 空间反演space system 空间系space tensor 空间张量space time coordinates 时空坐标系space time correlation 时空关联space time curve 时空曲线space time law 路径时间定律space time structure 时空结构space truss 空间桁架space vehicle 宇宙飞船space velocity 空间速度space wave 空间波spacecraft 宇宙飞船spacing wave 间隔波spallation 破碎spallation cross section 散裂截面span 跨距span length 跨长spar 翼梁spare 备件spark hardening 放电硬化spatial expansion 空间膨张spatial kinematic chain 空间运动链spatial shear wave 空间切变波special perturbation 特殊微扰special relativity theory 狭义相对论specific action potential 比酌势specific deformation energy 比形变能specific destruction work 比破坏功specific discharge 通量密度specific elongation 延伸率specific entropy 比熵specific flow 比量specific flow rate 比潦specific force 比力specific free energy 比自由能specific gravity 比重specific head 比压头specific heat 比热specific heat at constant pressure 恒压比热specific heat at constant volume 恒容比热specific impulse 比推力specific internal energy 比内能specific kinetic energy 比动能specific mass 比质量specific plastic 比塑性specific potential 比势specific power 比功率specific pressure 比压。
机械工程学专业词汇英语翻译(F)2
机械工程学专业词汇英语翻译(F)2flowage 蠕变fluctuating liquid drop 振荡液滴fluctuating load 变动载荷fluctuating stress 变应力fluctuation 起伏fluctuation velocity 脉动速度flue gas 烟气fluid 铃fluid clutch 液压离合器fluid dynamics 铃动力学fluid element 铃元fluid filament 细水流量fluid film 铃膜fluid flow 铃怜fluid flow efficiency 怜效率fluid flow physics 铃怜物理fluid friction 铃摩擦fluid friction damping 液体摩擦阻尼fluid kinematics 铃运动学fluid line 铃线fluid lubrication 铃润滑fluid mechanics 铃力学fluid motion 铃运动fluid phase 液相fluid plastic 猎塑料fluid pressure 铃压力fluid surface 伶fluid type instability 铃型不稳定性fluid wave 铃波fluidal 铃的fluidal structure 疗结构fluidic 铃的fluidic element 铃元fluidity 怜性fluidity coefficient 寥fluidization 连化fluidized bed 怜床flume 水沟道flute type deformation 槽型形变flutter 颤振flutter of aerofoil 机翼颤振flux 通量flux density 通量密度flux equilibrium 通量平衡flux of force 力线通量flux peak 通量flying height 飞行高度flying range 航程flying speed 飞行速度flywheel 惯性轮flywheel effect 飞轮效应flywheel fan 飞轮风扇flywheel moment 飞轮力矩foam 泡沫foaming 发泡focal length 焦距focal length ratio 焦距比focal plane 焦面focus of earthquake 震源fokker planck collision term 福克尔普朗克碰撞项fokker planck equation 福克尔普朗克方程folded plate structure 折板结构folded system 折板结构folding 弯曲folding strength 曲折强度folding test 曲折试验follow rest 移动中心架following 追踪following wake 伴流foot 底座force 力force analysis 受力分析force coefficient 力系数force constant 力常数force couple 力偶force density 力密度force dependent on position 与位置依赖的力force dependent on velocity 与速度依赖的力force diagram 力图force distribution 力分布force feed 压力进给force field 力场force free 未受力酌的force function 力函数force in member 构件力force in the bar 杆内酌力force of attraction 引力force of gravity 重力force of inertia 惯性力force of repulsion 斥力force operator 力算符force pipe 压力管force polygon 力多边形force polygon rule 力多边形法force pump 压力泵force sensing of robot 机扑的力感度force sensor 力传感器force system 力系force system of equal effect 等效力系force triangle 力三角形force unbalance 力不平衡force vector 力矢量force voltage analogy 力电压模拟forced circulation 强制循环forced convection 强制对流forced convection air cooler 强制对琳气冷却器forced diffusion 强制扩散forced draught 强制通风forced emission 受迫发射forced oscillations 受迫振荡forced regular precession 强迫规则旋进forced ventilation 强迫通风forced vibration 受迫振荡forced vortex 强制旋涡forced wave 强制波forcing screw 加压螺钉foreshock 前震form drag 形阻力form of bifurcation 分叉形状form of energy 能量形式form of oscillations 振荡形式form of vibrations 振荡形式form resistance 形阻力formation energy 形成能formation enthalpy 形成焓formation entropy 形成熵formation heat 形成热formation of eddy 涡旋形成formation of thermal cracks 热裂形成formation of vortices 涡旋形成formation of waves 波的形成forming 成形forward difference 前向差分forward direction 正向forward movement 前向运动forward scattering 前方散射forward scattering angle 前方散射角forward scattering peak 前方散射峰forward speed 前进速度forward velocity 前进速度forward wave 前向波foucault gyrocompass 傅科陀螺仪foucault pendulum 傅科摆foucault pendulum experiment 傅科摆实验foundation slab 基础底板fountain effect 喷注效应four dimensional force 四维力four dimensional velocity 四维速度four dimensional wave vector 四维波矢量fourier component 傅里叶分量fourier expansion 傅里叶展开fourier integral 傅里叶积分fourier law 傅里叶定律fourier series 傅里叶级数fourier transform 傅里叶变换fourier transformation 傅里叶变换fractional fissure 断裂纹fractural cleavage 破劈理fracture 断裂fracture appearance 断口外观fracture condition 断裂条件fracture criterion 断裂准则fracture dynamics 断裂动力学fracture face 破坏面fracture load 断裂载荷fracture mechanics 断裂力学fracture strain 断裂应变fracture surface 破坏面fracture test 断裂试验fracture toughness 断裂韧性fracturing load 断裂载荷fragility 易碎性fragment 碎片fragmentation 破碎frame 框架frame of reference 参考系frame structure 框架结构framework 框架framework method 框架法framing index 照准标志free air effect 自由空气效应free air overpressure 自由大气超压free body 自由体free boundary 自由边界free boundary flow 自由边界流free convection 自由对流free edge 自由边free end 自由端free energy 自由能free energy density 自由能密度free energy function 自由能函数free enthalpy 自由焓free fall 自由下降free fall apparatus 自由降落装置free fall trajectory 自由降落轨道free fall weir 自两溢吝free falling body 自由落体free flight 自由飞行free flow 自由怜free head 自由水头free internal rotation 自由内转动free jet 自由射流free jet wind tunnel 自由喷射风洞free length 自由长度free mass point 自由质点free meander 自由曲流free molecule flow 自由分子流free motion 自由运动free oscillation 自由振荡free outflow 自由瘤free path 自由程free pendulum 自由摆free period 自由周期free plastic flow 自由塑性怜free regular precession 自由规则旋进free rotation 自由旋转free rotor 自由转子free rotor gyroscope 自由转子陀螺仪free running oscillator 自激振荡器free space 自由空间free space propagation 自由空间传播free spinning 旋转free spinning tunnel 旋转竖直风洞free stream 自由怜free stream mach number 自由另赫数free stream velocity 自由怜速度free surface 自由面free surface flow 自由表面怜free surface of water 自由水面free surface vortex 自由面涡free surface wave 自由表面波free time of flight 自由飞行时间free torsion 自由扭转free vector 自由矢量free vibration 自由振荡free volume 自由体积free volume theory 自由体积理论free vortex 自由涡free vortex system 自由涡恋free wave 自由波freedom of motion 运动的自由度freely supported 自由支承的freezing 凝固freezing method 冻结方法freezing point 凝固点freezing temperature 冻结温度freighter 运输机frequency 频率frequency analysis 频率分析frequency analyzer 频率分析器frequency characteristic 频率特性frequency conversion 频率转换frequency distribution 频率分布frequency division 分频frequency domain 频率范围frequency domain method 频域法frequency drift 频率偏移frequency factor 频率因数frequency instability 频率不稳定性frequency jumping 频率跃变frequency meter 频率计frequency method 频率法frequency modulation 频率灯frequency of fadings 衰减频率frequency of ripple 脉动频率frequency parameter 频率参数frequency range 频率范围frequency response 频率响应frequency spectrum 频谱frequency stability 频率稳定度frequency standard 频率标准frequency synthesis 频率合成fresh water 淡水fresh wind 清风friability 易碎性friction 摩擦friction angle 摩擦角friction brake 摩擦闸friction circle 摩擦圆friction coefficient 摩擦系数friction cone 摩擦圆锥friction constant 摩擦常数friction damper 摩擦减震器friction depth 摩擦深度friction drag 摩擦阻力friction drum 摩擦滚筒friction factor 摩擦系数friction gage 摩擦压力计friction head 摩擦水头friction layer 摩擦层friction moment 摩擦力矩friction of motion 运动摩擦friction of rest 静摩擦friction pendulum 摩擦摆friction resistance 摩擦阻力friction roller 摩擦轮friction shock absorber 摩擦式减振器friction spring 摩擦弹簧friction stress 摩擦应力friction surface 摩擦面friction tensor 摩擦应力张量friction term 摩擦项friction velocity 摩擦速度frictional compensation 摩擦补偿frictional error 摩擦误差frictional force 摩擦力frictional heat 摩擦热frictional loss 摩擦损耗frictional oscillation 摩擦振荡frictional ratio 摩擦比frictional resistance 摩擦阻力frictional work 摩擦功frictionless 无摩擦的frictionless instability 非粘性粱稳定性friedrich diagram 弗里德利希示意图fringe density 条纹密度front 锋面front of the detonation wave 爆震波波前front wave 锋面波front wing 前翼frontal drag 迎面阻力frontal edge 前缘frontal resistance 迎面阻力froude pendulum 弗劳德摆frozen equilibrium 冻结平衡frozen flow 冻结怜frozen in degree of freedom 冻结自由度frozen in field lines 冻结力线frozen in magnetic field 冻结磁场frozen soil 冻土fuel 燃料fulcrum 支点fulcrum of suspension 悬挂点full flow 总量full load 全负荷full power 全功率full scale 实际缩尺full sphere 实心球full wave 全波fully developed turbulence 完全发达湍流fully elastic 完全弹性的fully elastic torsion 完全弹性扭转fully ionized plasma 完全电离等离子体fully plastic 完全塑性的fully plastic torsion 完全塑性扭转fume 烟雾function of bounded variation 有界变分函数function of strain 应变函数functional determinant 函数行列式functional equation 函数方程functional model 函数模型functional similarity 函数相似functional simulation 函数模拟fundamental equation 基本方程fundamental frequency 基频fundamental harmonic 基谐波fundamental matrix 基本矩阵fundamental oscillation 基本振动fundamental resonance 基频谐振fundamental tensor 基本张量fundamental vibration 基本振动fundamental wave 基波fundamental wavelength 基波长funicular polygon 肃边形funnel viscometer 漏斗形粘度计fuzzy optimization 模糊优化fuzzy random vibration 模糊随机振动。
单分子磁体英语
单分子磁体英语Introduction to Single-Molecule MagnetsSingle-molecule magnets are a sub-class of molecules that display properties of both magnets and molecules. These molecules are made up of transition metals, such as iron and cobalt, as well as organic ligands. Through sophisticated chemical synthesis, the properties of these molecules allow them to become highly magnetic and to remain in a single-molecule state at temperatures far below their magnetic transition temperature, thus giving them their name. This allows single-molecule magnets to be especially attractive to researchers striving for new ways to store and manipulate information.The magnetism of a single-molecule magnet is governed by its spin state, which can take on four different orientations. These are: spin-up, spin-down, spin-parallel, and spin-antiparallel. This spin state can be manipulated by external magnetic fields, allowing the molecule to be used in various applications.One such application is the storage of information. A single-molecule magnet can be used to represent one bit ofinformation, with the spin state representing either a 0 or a 1. Due to their extremely small size, single-molecule magnets can be used to store large amounts of data in a very small space.Another application is the manipulation of chemical reactions. Single-molecule magnets can be used to act as catalysts in chemical reactions, allowing for moreefficient and precise reactions.Finally, single-molecule magnets can be used in quantum computing. This is because the spin state of the molecule can act as a qubit, the unit of information used in quantum computing. By coupling multiple single-molecule magnets together, a quantum computer can be created.Single-molecule magnets have the potential to revolutionize the way we store and manipulate information in the future. Through sophisticated chemical synthesis, these molecules can be created to have highly magnetic properties and to remain in a single-molecule state at temperatures far below their magnetic transition temperature. By coupling multiple single-molecule magnets together, a quantum computer can be created, allowing for unprecedented levels of computing power. In addition,single-molecule magnets can be used to represent bits of information, to act as catalysts for chemical reactions, and to be used in various applications. The possibilities for these molecules are vast, and the potential for them to revolutionize the world of computing is immense.。
永磁体磁控溅射工艺
永磁体磁控溅射工艺英文回答：Magnetron sputtering is a widely used technique for depositing thin films onto various substrates. It is particularly useful for producing thin films with high purity and controlled thickness. The process involves bombarding a target material, typically a metal or alloy, with high-energy ions to dislodge atoms from its surface. These atoms then condense onto the substrate, forming athin film.One of the key advantages of magnetron sputtering is the use of permanent magnets to create a magnetic field near the target surface. This magnetic field enhances the sputtering process by confining the plasma and increasing the sputtering rate. It also helps to improve theuniformity of the deposited film. The use of permanent magnets eliminates the need for an external power supply to generate the magnetic field, making the process moreenergy-efficient.Furthermore, magnetron sputtering allows for precise control over the film properties, such as composition, thickness, and microstructure. By adjusting the sputtering parameters, such as the target material, gas pressure, and power density, one can tailor the film properties to meet specific requirements. This level of control is crucial for applications in industries such as electronics, optics, and coatings.One example of the application of magnetron sputtering is in the production of magnetic storage media, such as hard disk drives. The thin films deposited using this technique exhibit excellent magnetic properties, such as high coercivity and low remanence. These properties are essential for achieving high-density data storage and reliable data retrieval.中文回答：永磁体磁控溅射工艺是一种广泛应用于各种基底上薄膜沉积的技术。
机械词汇的英语翻译
A通用机枪AAT (Arme Automatique Transformable) 硬度降低 abating离轴的abaxial自动锅炉控制 abc活动]扳手abjustable spanner烧蚀冷却ablative cooling烧蚀材料ablative material异常液体 abnormal liquid超临界状态above critical state磨耗性 abradability磨损试验abrasion test磨损试验机abrasion tester磨料磨损abrasion wear砂带abrasive band砂带磨光abrasive belt grinding砂带磨床abrasive belt grinding machine砂布abrasive cloth砂轮切断机abrasive cut off machine切割砂轮abrasive cut off wheel磨料电解抛光abrasive ecp磨粒abrasive grain磨料喷射加工abrasive jet machining研磨加工abrasive machining砂纸abrasive paper研磨膏abrasive paste研磨粉abrasive powder研磨工具abrasive tool砂轮abrasive wheel砂线切割机床abrasive wire sawing machine研磨材料 abrasives突然扰动abrupt perturbation横坐标 abscissa无碰撞absence of collision失重absence of gravity无应力absence of stress无旋涡absence of vortices绝对的absolute绝对加速度absolute acceleration绝对角动量absolute angular momentum绝对汇编程序absolute assembler绝对升限absolute ceiling绝对坐标absolute coordinates 绝对偏差absolute deviation绝对数字控制absolute digital control绝对尺寸系数absolute dimensional factor 完全弹性体absolute elastic body绝对编码器absolute encoder绝对平衡absolute equilibrium绝对极值absolute extremum绝对飞行高度absolute flying height绝对频率absolute frequency绝对不稳定性absolute instability完全互换性absolute interchangeability绝对测量absolute measurement绝对运动absolute motion绝对路径absolute path绝对扰动absolute perturbation机械手的绝对位置 absolute position of manipulator机扑的绝对位置absolute position of robot 绝对静止absolute rest绝对旋转absolute rotation完全相似性absolute similarity绝对稳定性限度absolute stability margin 绝对单位制absolute system of units绝对温度表absolute thermometer绝对单位absolute unit绝对速度absolute velocity绝对涡度absolute vorticity绝对零度absolute zero吸收媒质absorbing medium吸收阻抗absorbing resistance吸收率计absorptiometer吸收计 absorptiometer?吸收功率计absorption dynamometer吸收式测功器absorption dynamometer?吸收热absorption heat吸收湿度计absorption hygrometer吸收损失absorption loss吸收模型absorption model吸收势absorption potential吸收泵；absorption pump吸收式冷冻机 absorption refrigerating machine吸收式制冷absorption refrigeration吸收管absorption tube吸收式波长计absorption wave meter吸收的absorptive吸收本领absorptive power交流交变电流ac交羚弧焊机ac arc welder交羚弧焊接ac arc welding适应控制电火花机床ac edm交立电机ac generator交羚动机ac motor加速蠕变accelerated creep加速运动accelerated motion加速能力accelerating ability加速场accelerating field加速梯度accelerating gradient加速撞击accelerating impact加速周期accelerating period加速泵accelerating pump加速管accelerating tube加速装置accelerating unit加速度分析acceleration analysis加速度图acceleration diagram加速度能量acceleration energy加速度场acceleration field加速喷嘴acceleration nozzle蠕变加速度acceleration of creep牵连加速度acceleration of moving space 加速度传感器acceleration pick up加速势acceleration potential加速压acceleration pressure加速度时间图acceleration time graph加速度矢量acceleration vector加速波acceleration wave加速功acceleration work无加速的 accelerationless加速栖杆accelerator lever加速皮板accelerator pedal加速泼accelerator pump加速度记录仪 accelerograph自记加速计accelerograph?容许噪声acceptable noise level验收证瞄acceptance certificate 验收试验acceptance test可达性 accessibility可达点accessible point附属品accessory?偶然的 accidental偶然符合accidental coincidence偶然共振accidental resonance适应系数accommodation coefficient 会计计算机accounting machine累积误差accumulated error同节累积误差accumulated pitch error 蓄压器储压器 accumulator蓄电池容量accumulator capacity蓄电池汽车accumulator car蓄电池极板accumulator plate精确度 accuracy精确控制accuracy control精度等级accuracy grade精确度寿命accuracy life对中精度accuracy of alignment仪表精度accuracy of instrument测量准确度accuracy of measurement 读数准确度accuracy of readings再现精度accuracy of reproduction尺寸精度accuracy to size准确化Accuralize精密蝶accurate adjustment精密磨削accurate grinding精确测量accurate measurement准确模型accurate model准确相似accurate similarity准确模拟accurate simulation醋酸纤维素acetylcellulose乙炔 acetylene乙炔燃烧器乙快焊炬acetylene burner 氧炔切割acetylene cutting氧炔切割机acetylene cutting machine 乙炔气acetylene gas乙炔发生器acetylene generator乙炔焊接acetylene welding消色差的 achromatic针状结构铸铁acicular cast iron针状组织acicular structure针状结构acicular structure?酸性转炉acid bessemer converter酸性转炉炼钢法acid bessemer process酸价acid number酸性平炉acid open hearth furnace酸性炼钢法acid process耐酸性的acid proof耐酸保护层acid proof coating酸雨acid rain抗酸合金acid resistant alloy酸性钢acid steel表面钢化acierage亚克米螺纹acme thread最佳适应控制 aco先进光学战斗瞄准具 ACOG (Advanced Combat Optical Gunsight)声的acoustic声吸收acoustic absorption声吸收率acoustic absorptivity声导纳acoustic admittance音响诊断acoustic diagnosis声弥散acoustic dispersion声音干扰acoustic disturbance声效率acoustic efficiency音频acoustic frequency声学气体分析器acoustic gas analyzer声阻抗 acoustic impedance音响检查acoustic inspection隔音 acoustic insulation隔声材料acoustic material声机械效率acoustic mechanical efficiency声振动acoustic oscillations声动印刷机acoustic printing machine声辐射压acoustic radiation pressure声抗acoustic reactance音响信号acoustic signal柯尔特自动手枪弹ACP (Automatic Colt Pistol)柯尔特自动手枪子弹. 由柯尔特公司设计, 一系列用于其生产的半自动手枪子弹名称. 有.25 ACP, .32 ACP, .380 ACP, .45ACP等. ACP: Automatic Colt Pistol,织力acting force酌action 超距酌action at distance活动中心action center酌积分action integral爆燃酌action of deflagration力的酌action of force战斗射击Action shooting酌区action sphere冲唤涡轮action turbine冲动式透平action turbine?酌变量action variable酌波action wave活性污泥泵activated sludge pump有功电流active current织土压active earth pressure累积瓦特计active energy meter织飞行active flight活性气体active gas有功负载反酌active load reaction织压力active pressure织式太阳能供暖active solar heating力功率activity of force实际啮合线actual line of action实际载荷 actual load实际值actual value控制电缆actuating cable执行器 actuator机扑的操 构actuator of robot非循环的 acyclic可以应用的adaptable适应性机扑adaptable robot转接器 adapter紧固套adapter sleeve适应控制adaptive control自适应控制机床 adaptive controlled machine机扑的适应控制adaptive robot control机扑的适应系统adaptive robot system适应性机扑综合技术 adaptive robot technical complex传感曝制自适应机扑 adaptive sensor guided robot适应计 adaptometer模拟数字转换器adc齿顶 addendum齿顶角addendum angletip angle齿顶圆addendum circle齿顶修正addendum modification齿顶修正系数addendum modification coefficient加法器 adder附加阻力additional drag附加质量additional mass附加压力additional pressure添加剂 additive粘着adhere粘附计 adherometer附着系数adhesion coefficient胶合磨损adhesion wear附着重量adhesion weight粘附力adhesive force附着接头adhesive joint粘着强度adhesive strength粘附张力adhesive tension粘附性adhesivity绝热的 adiabatic绝热近似adiabatic approximation绝热大气adiabatic atmosphere绝热式量热器adiabatic calorimeter绝热变化adiabatic change态的绝热变化adiabatic change of state绝热燃烧adiabatic combustion绝热效率adiabatic efficiency绝热椭圆adiabatic ellipse绝热因子adiabatic factor绝热假设adiabatic hypothesis绝热不变量adiabatic invariant涡旋的绝热不变量adiabatic invariant of eddy绝热扰动adiabatic perturbation绝热原理adiabatic principle绝热脉动adiabatic pulsations绝热温度adiabatic temperature伴算子adjoint operator可蝶的 adjustable可蝶轴承adjustable bearing可调隔膜泵；adjustable diaphragm pump齿轮比例泵；adjustable discharge gear pump 可导叶adjustable guide vane 可掂螺旋桨adjustable pitch propeller可第铰刀adjustable reamer可变电阻adjustable resistance可底管铰刀adjustable shell reamer可调式瞄准具Adjustable sight蒂电动机adjustable speed motor可悼锥adjustable tap可调式扳机Adjustable trigger蝶工adjuster可刀丝锥adjustible tap蝶螺栓adjusting bolt第套筒adjusting bush蝶凸轮adjusting cam蝶量规adjusting gauge蝶螺母adjusting nut蝶螺钉adjusting screw蝶弹簧adjusting spring蝶阀adjusting valve照准标志adjustment mark蝶范围adjustment range第式机扑adjustment robot总务部administration/general affairs dept船用黄铜admiralty brass容许的 admissible进气凸轮admission cam进气期间admission period进气管admission pipe吸气口admission port进气压力admission pressure进气冲程admission stroke导纳 admittance掺和物 admixture吸附力adsorption force吸附层adsorption layer吸附真空泵；adsorption vacuum pump提前点火advanced ignition提前进气advanced opening提前击发Advanced primer ignition急回系数advance-to return-time ratio超前速率advancing rate平流 advection平另advection fog平聊 advective通风机 aerator通气设备 aerator?空气的 aerial高架式输送机aerial conveyor高架铁路aerial railway航空弹道学aeroballistics滑翔学 aerodonetics滑翔力学 aerodromics空气速度测量法 aerodromometry气体动力的aerodynamic空气动力酌aerodynamic action空气动力比拟aerodynamic analogy气动迎角aerodynamic angle of attack 风洞天平aerodynamic balance空气动力轴承aerodynamic bearing空气动力制动装置aerodynamic brake 气动中心aerodynamic center气动力系数aerodynamic coefficient空气动力导数aerodynamic derivative 气动阻力aerodynamic drag气动力aerodynamic force气动力加热aerodynamic heating空气动力加热aerodynamic heating?气动升力aerodynamic lift空气动力升力 aerodynamic lift?空气动力力矩aerodynamic moment气动力相似aerodynamic similarity空气动力稳定性aerodynamic stability 空气动力学的 aerodynamical气体动力酌aerodynamical action空气动力天平aerodynamical balance 动力加热aerodynamical heating气动力矩aerodynamical moment空气动力学aerodynamics重航空器aerodyne气动弹性aeroelasticity气动弹性力学 aeroelastics飞机发动机aeroengine翼形剖面aerofoil profile风力发电机aerogenerator空气铃动力学 aerohydrodynamics高空气象学aerology 航空力学 aeromechanics气体比重计aerometer航空的 aeronautical航空学 aeronautics飞机 aeroplane脉动式喷气发动机aeropulse engine气溶胶aerosol悬浮微粒aerosol?航空航天技术 aerospace engineering轻航空器 aerostat空气静力轴承 aerostatic bearing气体静力学aerostatics空气静力学aerostatics?气动热力学aerothermodynamics空气热弹性学;气动热弹性 aerothermoelasticity气动热弹性aerothermoelasticity?气体张力测量法 aerotonometry飞行式无轨列车 aerotrain航空涡轮机aeroturbine仿射变换affine transformation尾发动机aft engine后效函数after effect function提供维修服务after sales service后部 afterbody加力燃烧室afterburner烧完 afterburning最终冷却器aftercooler余震波aftershock wave后处理aftertreatment应变时效ageing烧结机agglomerating plant腐蚀性气体aggressive gas腐蚀介质aggressive medium时效 aging搅拌器 agitator农用飞机agricultural aircraft农具 agricultural implements农业机器agricultural machine农业机械agricultural machines喷灌泵；agricultural spray pump农用喷药泵； agricultural spray pump for chemicals无人搬运车agv推进汽轮机ahead turbine副翼 aileron空气 air空气蓄压器air accumulator空气量 air amount空气轴承air bearing空气制动器air brake喷气发动机air breathing engine空气缓冲器air buffer空中爆炸air burst空气冠 air cap气垫车 air car旋风式发动机air cell engine气錾air chipper压缩空气式卡盘air chuck空气断路器air circuit breaker空气环流air circulation空气分级器air classifier空气滤清器air cleaner气旋塞 air cock空气柱air column空气电容器air condenser空气第器air conditioner空气消耗量air consumption空气污染air contamination气龄送 air conveying空气冷却剂air coolant气冷的 air cooled空气冷凝器air cooled condenser 气冷气缸air cooled cylinder气冷式发动机air cooled engine气冷式透平air cooled turbine气冷阀air cooled valve空气冷却片air cooling fin空间坐标air coordinates空气幕 air curtain气垫air cushion气垫船air cushion ship对地效应飞行器air cushion vehicle 压气缸air cylinder空气气缸air cylinder?空气阻尼器air damper 空气密度air density空气分配器air distributor风钻air drill风动振动机air driven vibrator空气涡旋air eddy空气喷射器air ejector空气分离器风选器air elutriator空气发动机air engine气轮胎air filled tyre气流空气量air flow气疗air flow meter空气摩擦air friction空气燃料混合物air fuel mixture空气燃料比air fuel ratio风煤气 air gas空气煤气air gas?气动测微仪air gauge风动凿岩机air hammer drill空气淬火air hardening空气硬化钢air hardening steel集气管 air header热风炉air heating furnace风动起重滑车air hoist气葫芦air hoist?风管air hose漏风air infiltration轮胎打气air inflating空气喷射柴油发动机 air injection diesel engine进气口air inlet空气侵入air inrush空气喷射air jet空气升液泵air lift?空气液化器air liquefier空气润滑air lubrication空气周路air main空气怜车air mobile vehicle气动发动机air motor风动机air operated machine压缩空气驱动泵；air operated pump气管air pipe空气等离子体air plasma空气压力计air pressure gage空气压头air pressure head空气减压器air pressure reducer空气压力试验air pressure test气密的 air proof空气泵air pump风动夯air rammer空气制冷机air refrigerating machine空气活门air register电器空气第器air register?放气塞air relief cock储气筒air reservoir空气分离air separation空气中凝固, 常温自硬自然硬化air set空气激波air shock wave空气速率air speed空气速率指示器air speed indicator空速指示器空速表示器air speed indicator? 空气弹簧air spring空气吝 air streamline气动悬架装置air suspension空气箱air tank航空集散站air terminal空气温度计air thermometer不透气的air tight气密接头air tight joint空对空导弹air to air missile空气轨迹air trajectory空气涡轮机air turbine气阀air valve净气器空气选净器air washer空气波air wave空气楔air wedge航空母舰aircraft carrier飞机动力学aircraft dynamics航空燃气涡轮机aircraft gas turbine航空工业aircraft industry航空仪表aircraft instrument飞机机械师aircraft mechanician飞机牵引车aircraft tractor气垫顶杆air-cushion eject-rod机翼 airfoil翼型airfoil profile翼剖面airfoil section 机翼理论airfoil theory无气喷射airless injection无气喷射柴油发动机airless injection diesel engine飞行航线 airline班机airliner气锁 airlock空气力学 airmechanics航空港 airport风动活塞泵；air-powered piston pump气动泥浆泵；air-pressure actuated slurry pump空气螺旋桨airscrew飞艇 airship软弹气枪 Airsoft跑道airstrip密闭式螺杆泵；airtight screw pump爱里应力函数airy stress function卡拉希尼可夫自动步枪AK (Avtomat Kalashnikov)警报 alarm闹钟alarm clock警告信号alarm signal告警系统alarm system醇alcohol乙醇计alcohol meter酒精温度计alcohol thermometer代数方程algebraic equation代数应力模型algebraic stress model算法 algorithm照准仪 alidade定向复合材料aligned composite material 定心 alignment对准,定位调整 Alignment定位销alignment pin导系统电源alignment system supply表面渗铝 alitizing硷性蓄电池alkaline battery碱土族金属alkaline earth metal龄咬alkaline etch碱蓄电池alkaline storage battery醇酸尸alkyd resin全青铜泵；all abronze pump铸铁泵；all iron pump万能的 all purpose全钢车身all steel body全天候飞机all weather aircraft全轮驱动all wheel drive方孔螺钉头用扳手allen wrench游标盘 allidade同素异形变化allotropic change容许间隙allowable clearance允许间隙allowable clearance?容许挠度allowable deflection容许偏差allowable deviation许用压力角allowable pressure angle许用应力allowable stress; permissible stress容许温度allowable temperature加工余量allowance for machining容许截面allowed cross section容许能带allowed energy band容许度 allowedness合金铸铁alloy cast iron切悉具合金alloy for cutting tools合金生铁alloy pig iron合金泵；alloy pump合金钢泵；alloy steel pump合金工具钢alloy tool steel合金成分alloying component合金元素alloying element字母数字码alphameric code反复浸没试验alternate immersion test交替负载alternate load交变弯曲alternating bending交变弯曲应力alternating bending stress交变弯曲试验alternating bending test交羚桥alternating current bridge交聋劣式电动机 alternating current commutator motor交僚服马达alternating current servomotor交替方向alternating direction交变滞后alternating hysteresis交变冲讳曲试验alternating impact bending test交变冲辉验alternating impact test交替载荷alternating load交变负载变形alternating load deformation 交变压力alternating pressure交替应力alternating stress交变 alternation负载交变alternation of load等高圈altitude circle高度差altitude difference高空锋面altitude front高度指示器altitude indicator铝黄铜合金aluminum brass铝青铜aluminum bronze铝铸件aluminum casting铝氧土aluminum oxide铝质活塞aluminum piston铝铆钉aluminum rivet双手通用 Ambidextrous周围的空气ambient air周围压力ambient pressure周围振动ambient vibration两极性扩散ambipolar diffusion救护车ambulance car阳极机械加工 amm安培计 ammeter阿芒拿 ammonal氨吸收冷冻机 ammonia absorption refrigerator氨气压缩冷冻机 ammonia compression refrigerator氨气压缩机ammonia compressor氨冷凝器ammonia condenser氨冷冻机ammonia refrigerator氨水ammonia water铵 ammonium水陆两用汽车ammphibious car阿米巴式运动amoeboid movement非晶质合金amorphous alloy无定形碳amorphous carbon无定形状态amorphous state能量amount of energy不平衡量amount of unbalance安培数amperage安匝ampere turn水陆飞机amphibian plane水陆两用机扑amphibian robot水陆两用飞机amphibious aircraft放大极限频率amplification limit frequency放大器 amplifier放大器盘amplifier panel脉冲幅度限幅amplitude clipping幅角余弦amplitude cosine振幅甄别器amplitude discriminator波幅畸变amplitude distortion幅频图amplitude frequency diagram振幅频率特性amplitude frequency response振幅函数amplitude function限幅器 amplitude limiter幅值轨迹 amplitude locus爹amplitude modulation振幅灯amplitude modulation?振幅共振amplitude resonance振幅响应amplitude response振幅选择器amplitude selector幅度变动amplitude swing上升锋面anabatic front上滑锋 anafront气压上升区anallobar模似计算机analog computer模拟控制analog control模拟数字计算机analog digital computer模拟数字计算机analog digital computer?模拟法analog method模拟伺服analog servomechanism模拟信号analog signal模拟计算机analogue computer相似法analogue method控制机扑的模拟信号 analogue signal for robot control磁场相似analogy of magnetic field分析学 analysis协方差分析analysis of covariance机构分析analysis of mechanism振荡分析analysis of the oscillation方差分析analysis of variance解析的 analytic解析变换analytic transformation分析化学analytical chemistry解析设计analytical design 分析力学analytical mechanics锚anchor锚链anchor chain起锚绞盘anchor windlass系泊 anchoring与电路and circuit滞弹性材料anelastic material风力自记曲线 anemogram风力记录仪anemograph风速表 anemometer风向仪 anemoscope anergy无液测高计aneroid altimeter空盒气压表aneroid barometer空盒量热计aneroid calorimeter角度量具angle block角撑架angle bracket角旋塞angle cock斜角推土机angle dozer角传动angle drive角误差angle error量角规angle gauge角接 angle joint相角灯angle modulation超前角angle of advance到达角angle of arrival迎角angle of attack咬入角angle of bite毛细角angle of capillarity爬升角angle of climb切线角angle of contingence划孔角angle of countersinking交叉角angle of crossing偏斜角angle of declination起飞角angle of departure偏向角angle of deviation畸变角angle of distortion下洗角angle of downwash仰角angle of elevation出角angle of emergence射出角angle of emergence?襟翼偏转角angle of flap deflection 燎angle of flow点火提前角angle of ignition advance碰撞角angle of impact升角angle of lead偏光角angle of polarization螺纹截形角angle of screw thread侧滑角angle of sideslip失速角angle of stall螺面角angle of thread偏航角angle of yaw保角映射angle preserving mapping剪角铁机angle shears角离散angle straggling弯体式轴向活塞泵angle type axial piston pump角变量angle variable半贯流式轴流泵；弯管轴流泵；angle-type axial flow pump斜轴式轴向活塞泵；angle-type axial piston pump埃angstrom角加速度angular acceleration径向止推滚珠轴承angular ball bearing角皮带传动angular belt drive角系数angular coefficient角接触轴承angular contact bearing角接触向心轴承angular contact radial bearing角接触推力轴承angular contact thrust bearing角坐标angular coordinates角相关angular correlation角铣刀angular cutter角偏向损失angular derivation loss角微商angular derivative角偏差angular deviation角分散angular dispersion角位移angular displacement角距angular distance角分布angular distribution角分度angular division角频率angular frequency角冲量 angular impulse角动量angular momentum角动量守恒定律 angular momentum conservation law角动量算符angular momentum operator角动量张量angular momentum tensor 角动量定理angular momentum theorem 角运动angular motion角度分辨率angular resolution方向夹角angular separation角速度angular speed角单位angular unit角速比angular velocity ratio非低的anharmonic非谐振动anharmonic oscillation非谐振子anharmonic oscillator非低比anharmonic ratio苯胺 aniline动物油animal oil饲槽自动泵；家畜自动饮水泵；animal self-operated drinking water pump阴离子 anion非等熵怜anisentropic flow非等温渗透流anisothermal porous flow蛤异性体anisotropic body蛤异性液体anisotropic liquid蛤异性材料anisotropic material蛤异性岩石anisotropic rock蛤异性湍流anisotropic turbulence蛤异性常数anisotropy constant蛤异性比anisotropy ratio退火 annealing退火箱annealing box退火炉annealing furnace退火温度annealing temperature年用量annual consumption环壳泵；annular casing pump环形燃烧室annular combustion chamber 环状浮子annular float环流annular flow环形流annular flow?环形焦点 annular focus环形炉annular furnace环形槽annular groove环形磁铁annular magnet环形雾状流annular mist flow环形喷嘴annular nozzle环形间隙annular space弹簧环annular spring环状阀annular valve环状空间 annulus?正极 anode阳极被覆膜anode film阳极溅射anode sputtering阳极溶解anodic dissolution阳极保护anodic protection电解加工anodic removing阳性处理 Anodize异常吸收anomalous absorption反常扩散anomalous diffusion反常散射anomalous scattering反扩散anti diffusion防冰装置anti icer反时针方向旋转anticlockwise rotation反符合法anticoincidence method耐蚀薄膜anticorrosion film防腐蚀剂anticorrosive agent耐蚀合金anticorrosive alloy反气旋消散anticyclolysis反气旋涡度anticyclonic vorticity避眩灯antidazzle light防眩罩antidazzle visor防爆剂 antidetonant防泡剂 antifoamer防冻剂 antifreeze抗摩合金antifriction alloy滚动轴承antifriction bearing抗摩铸铁antifriction cast iron滚动导轨antifriction guide耐摩材料antifriction material减摩性anti-friction quality抗爆的 antiknock抗爆震燃料antiknock fuel抗爆汽油antiknock gasoline抗爆性antiknock quality反物资步枪，反设备步枪Anti-material rifle 锑铅 antimonial lead波腹antinode对映空间antipodal space反共振 antiresonance反共振频率antiresonance frequency减摇泵；anti-roll pump 防垢剂antiscale composition防滑链antiskid chain防滑轮胎antiskid tire反对称张量antisymmetric tensor反对称态antisymmetrical state反对称 antisymmetry减速风antitriptic wind抗磨添加剂antiwear additive测砧anvil砧座 anvil block砧面anvil face非周期的 aperiodic非周期衰减aperiodic damping非周期运动aperiodic motion非周期性速度波动 aperiodic speed fluctuation孔径比aperture ratio觇孔瞄准具Aperture sight远日点 aphelion齐酶镜 aplanat消球差的 aplanatic远心点 apocenter复消色差透镜 apochromat无极的 apolar远月点 apolune内切圆半径apothem表观吸收系数 apparent absorption coefficient表观粘力apparent cohesion表观扩散率apparent diffusivity表观能量apparent energy表观平衡apparent equilibrium表观膨胀apparent expansion视在膨胀apparent expansion?表观力apparent force表观弹性模量 apparent modulus of elasticity表面水分apparent moisture表观相角apparent phase angle表观功率 apparent power外表比重apparent specific gravity?表观粘度apparent viscosity表观功apparent work疲劳现象appearance of fatigue阿佩尔方程appell equation应用 application操作图, 应用图application drawing应用程序application program应用弹性学applied elasticity theory作用力applied force应用力学applied mechanics应用热力学applied thermodynamics驶近速度approach velocity核准/审核/承办 approved by / checked by / prepared by近似解析approximate analysis近似模型approximate model近似相似approximate similarity近似模拟approximate simulation近似解approximate solution近似 approximation近似计算approximation calculus拉格朗日函数近似approximation of lagrange function近似理论approximation theory近似值approximative value板式输送机apron conveyor任意单位arbitrary unit心轴 arbor电弧 arc电弧切割arc cutting电弧炉 arc furnace电弧刨削arc gouging弧光灯arc lamp电弧电压arc voltage电焊机arc welder电弧焊接arc welding电弧焊机扑arc welding robot拱形重力坝arch gravity dam拱形结构arch structure拱梁arched beam螺旋泵；Archimedean screw pump阿基米德原理archimedes principle阿基米德蜗杆archimedes' worm建筑术architecture机扑电脑结构architecture of robot computer 面积曲线area curve表面负载area load面积矩area moment接触面积area of contact面积比area ratio面加速度areal acceleration面积坐标areal coordinates面积速度areal velocity比量计 areometer氩激光器argon laser算术平均 arithmetic mean算术平均值arithmetic mean value算术级数arithmetic progression机扑运算处理装置 arithmetic robot processor运算装置 arithmetic unit边 arm力偶臂arm of couple轮辐arm of wheel电枢armature电枢铁芯armature core电枢绕组armature winding电枢绕线机armature winding machine阿姆克铁armco iron装甲板armor plate装甲钢板轧机armor plate mill装甲缆armored cable装甲车armored car络网玻璃armored glass钢丝包皮软管armored hose军用载人装甲车armored personnel carrier 军械士 Armorer穿甲弹armour piercing shell铠装泵；armoured pump芳香族石油aromatic base crude oil?轻型火绳枪Arquebus制动器 arrest阿雷尼厄斯方程arrhenius equation阿雷尼厄斯定律arrhenius law形发动机arrow engine w箭头 arrowhead艺术铸件art casting自廉头artesian head自廉压artesian pressure铰链的 articulated关节杆articulated arm副连杆articulated connecting rod活节联接器articulated coupling铰接机构articulated mechanism关节管articulated pipe多关节型机扑articulated robot铰接式无轨电车articulated trolleybus铰链滑片泵；articulated vane pump铰接式汽车articulated vehicle人造磨料artificial abrasive人工时效artificial aging人工脑artificial brain人造纤维汽车artificial fibre automobile人造纤维飞机artificial fibre plane人造燃料artificial fuel人造石墨artificial graphite人造重力artificial gravity人工水平仪artificial horizon人工智能artificial intelligence人工智能汽车artificial intelligence automobile 人造革artificial leather人造液体燃料artificial liquid fuel人工扰动artificial perturbation人造石油artificial petroleum合成尸artificial resin人工换气artificial ventilation人工视觉artificial vision铸态as cast condition石棉制动摩擦带asbestos brake band石棉纸板asbestos cardboard石棉垫圈 asbestos gasket石棉绒asbestos wool向上气流ascending air current上升运动ascending motion上行冲程ascending stroke上升冲程ascending stroke?灰 ash灰分组成ash composition灰分ash content吹灰器排灰器ash ejector放灰器排灰器ash ejector? 无灰分燃料ash free fuel起灰机 ash hoist灰槽ash pit灰渣泵；ash pump除灰ash removal展弦比aspect ratio吸气冲程aspirating stroke通风湿度计aspiration hygrometer吸引器 aspirator攻击性武器Assault weapon试金炉assay furnace汇编程序系统 assembler programming system. aps安装机;装配机械assembling machine装配机扑assembling robot装配自动化assembly automation装配条件assembly condition装配输送带assembly conveyor装配夹具assembly fixture装配用工业机扑assembly industrial robot 装配厂assembly plant装配过程assembly process装配架assembly stand装配站assembly station装配工艺assembly technology装配单位assembly unit结合累积associate cumulation缔合波associated wave相联只读存储器 associative read only memories. aroms杆组Assur group无定向蒂器astatic governor倒车轮机astern turbine天体力学 astromechanics宇宙航行学astronautics天文导航 astronavigation天体望远镜astronomical telescope天文单位astronomical unit非对称性分布asymmetrical distribution渐近线 asymptote渐近模型asymptotic model渐近稳定度asymptotic stability异步通信适配器asynchronouscommunication adapter. aca异步发电机asynchronous generator异步电机asynchronous machine感应电动机asynchronous motor机扑异步控制asynchronous robot control自动换刀装置 atc菸酒枪械管理局 ATF (Alcohol Tobacco and Firearms Bureau)冲压喷气发动机 athodyd汽化计 atmometer?大气边界层atmospheric boundary layer大气制动atmospheric braking大气式冷凝器atmospheric condenser大气式冷却器atmospheric cooler大气腐蚀atmospheric corrosion大气飞行atmospheric flight大气湿度atmospheric humidity大气层atmospheric layer大气扰动atmospheric perturbation气压图atmospheric pressure chart大气下沉atmospheric subsidence大气温度atmospheric temperature大气湍流atmospheric turbulence大气波atmospheric wave原子atom原子碰撞因子atom collision factor原子能电池atomic battery原子爆炸atomic blast原子龟裂atomic crack原子能atomic energy原子硬化atomic hardening原子核atomic nucleus原子序数atomic number原子动力atomic power原子飞机atomic powered aircraft核船atomic powered ship核动力推进atomic propulsion核潜艇atomic submarine原子量atomic weight喷雾化 atomization雾化压力atomization pressure自动带读出器 atr附属泵；attached pump 附属装置 attachment减温器过热降低器 attemperator维护规程attendance instruction衰减振动attenuation vibration衰减器 attenuator姿态控制attitude control吸引 attraction引力势attraction potential引力中心attractive center可听性 audibility可听音audible sound审计audit陆军通用步枪 AUG (Arme Universal Gewehr)回转式钻岩机 auger增加 augmentation加速室 augmenter角度偏差augular offset奥氏体 austenite奥氏体钢austenitic steel升车机auto hoist到装置auto levelizer车辆提升机auto lift汽车修理车间auto repair shop自乘谱auto spectrum汽车轮胎auto tire汽车外轮胎auto tyre高压釜 autoclave?自动准直仪autocollimator自动控制 autocontrol自相关autocorrelation自激 autoexcitation自应力加工autofrettage自点火autogeneous ignition自动陀螺仪autogiro旋翼飞机autogyro自动装载机autoloader自动装配automated assembly自动检验automated inspection自动化生产automated production自动仓库automated warehouse自动的 automatic自动弧焊机automatic arc welder。
Understanding the Properties of Magnetic Materials
Understanding the Properties ofMagnetic MaterialsMagnetic materials have fascinated humans for centuries. From the mysterious lodestone that could attract iron to modern-day magnets used in a wide range of applications, magnetic materials have found their way into our daily lives. Understanding the properties of magnetic materials is essential for developing new applications and improving existing ones. In this article, we will explore the fundamental properties of magnetic materials and their relevance in various fields.Let us start with the basics. Magnetic materials are materials that are capable of generating a magnetic field. They can be classified into two categories: ferromagnetic and paramagnetic materials. Ferromagnetic materials, such as iron, cobalt, and nickel, exhibit a strong magnetic field, even in the absence of an external magnetic field. They also retain their magnetization even after the external field is removed. On the other hand, paramagnetic materials, such as aluminum, copper, and platinum, exhibit a weak magnetic field when exposed to an external magnetic field. However, they do not retain any magnetization once the external field is removed.Magnetic materials exhibit a unique property known as hysteresis. Hysteresis refers to the phenomenon in which the magnetic properties of a material depend on the history of magnetic fields it has been exposed to. The hysteresis curve represents the magnetization of the material as a function of the applied magnetic field. The area enclosed by the hysteresis curve represents the energy losses within the material. This phenomenon is important in the development of magnetic materials for power applications such as motors and transformers.The properties of magnetic materials are also affected by temperature. The degree of magnetization of ferromagnetic materials decreases as the temperature increases above a critical temperature known as the Curie temperature. Above this temperature, ferromagnetic materials become paramagnetic. The Curie temperature also plays a crucialrole in the development of magnetic materials for data storage applications such as magnetic tapes and hard disks.Another significant property of magnetic materials is their magnetic anisotropy. Magnetic anisotropy refers to the directionality of the magnetic properties of a material. The magnetic anisotropy of a material can be induced by an external magnetic field, uniaxial stress, or crystallographic structure. Magnetic anisotropy plays a crucial role in the development of magnetic materials for applications such as magnetic data storage, magnetic sensors, and magnetic actuators.The magnetic properties of materials can be controlled by manipulating their crystallographic structure. The crystallographic structure of a material affects the magnetic properties due to the interaction of electrons and the crystal lattice. The properties of magnetic materials can also be influenced by introducing impurities or alloys into the material. This process is known as doping and is commonly used to improve the magnetic properties of materials for various applications.In conclusion, understanding the properties of magnetic materials is critical for developing new technologies and improving existing ones. The fundamental properties of magnetic materials such as hysteresis, magnetic anisotropy, and temperature dependence are essential in the development of magnetic materials for various applications. The manipulation of crystallographic structure, the introduction of impurities and alloys, and other techniques have enabled researchers to improve the magnetic properties of materials for specific applications. With the continued development of magnetic materials, we can look forward to new and improved technologies that will enhance our daily lives.。
磁场强度的英文
磁场强度的英文Title: The Concept of Magnetic Field StrengthIn the realm of physics, the magnetic field strength, often denoted as 'H', emerges as a fundamental quantity that plays a pivotal role in characterizing the magnetic influence exerted by electric currents. It is a vector field that describes the magnetic force experienced by a unit positive test charge and is distinct from the magnetic flux density or induction ('B'), which measures the density of magnetic flux lines through a surface.The SI unit for magnetic field strength is the ampere per meter (A/m), reflecting its direct proportionality to the electric current producing it, according to Ampère's law. This relationship underscores the intimate connection between electricity and magnetism, two pillars of electromagnetism. Unlike the magnetic flux density, magnetic field strength does not account for the presence of magnetic materials, making it an extrinsic property that solely depends on the distribution and magnitude of electric currents.One might wonder why both 'H' and 'B' are used if they seemingly describe similar phenomena. The rationale lies in their differing responses to materials placed within a magneticfield. While 'B' takes into consideration the susceptibility of materials—quantified by their relative permeability—'H' remains unaffected, thereby offering a more universal measure of the magnetic force generated by currents. In vacuum or air, where relative permeability approximates unity, 'H' and 'B' numerically coincide, but diverge significantly in magnetic substances due to polarization effects.To illustrate, consider the core of an electromagnet. When a current flows through its coil, it generates a magnetic field characterized by 'H'. However, the insertion of a ferromagnetic core amplifies the field inside the core, a phenomenon captured by an increase in 'B' due to the core's high permeability, while 'H' remains consistent, illustrating the material-independent nature of this field strength.In practical applications, understanding magnetic field strength is imperative for designing electrical devices, such as transformers and motors, where controlling the magnetic environment ensures efficient energy conversion and transmission. Engineers manipulate 'H' through adjusting current flows, coil configurations, and material selection to optimize device performance. Moreover, in research, measuring 'H' provides insights into material properties,particularly in exploring magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technologies and developing novel magnetic materials for data storage.In summary, the concept of magnetic field strength encapsulates the fundamental aspect of how electric currents shape our magnetic world. Its unique position as a bridge between electricity and magnetism, coupled with its material-agnostic characteristic, renders it an invaluable tool in both theoretical explorations and practical engineering endeavors. By grasping the essence of 'H', we unlock a deeper understanding of the magnetic phenomena that pervade our universe, from the microscale of atomic particles to the macroscale of power grids and beyond.。
210978225_不同表面基团的纤维素纳米晶体薄膜在不同磁场下的光学特性响应
王天卉，卢舒瑜，周宇星，等. 不同表面基团的纤维素纳米晶体薄膜在不同磁场下的光学特性响应[J]. 食品工业科技，2023，44（7）：226−233. doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.-2022060021WANG Tianhui, LU Shuyu, ZHOU Yuxing, et al. Effect of Magnetic Field on Optical Properties of CNC Films with Different Surface Groups[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2023, 44(7): 226−233. (in Chinese with English abstract). doi:10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.-2022060021· 包装与机械 ·不同表面基团的纤维素纳米晶体薄膜在不同磁场下的光学特性响应王天卉1,2,3，卢舒瑜1,2,3，周宇星1,2,3，马 涛1,2,3, *，宋 弋1,2,3（1.中国农业大学食品科学与营养工程学院，北京 100083；2.农业农村部果蔬加工重点实验室，北京 100083；3.国家果蔬加工工程技术研究中心，北京 100083）摘 要：本文探究了磁场对不同表面基团的纤维素纳米晶体（Cellulose Nanocrystal ，CNC ）薄膜光学特性的影响。
以硫酸化纤维素纳米晶体（S-CNC ）为原料，通过2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶-1-氧基自由基（TEMPO ）氧化制备表面带有羧基的纳米纤维素（T-CNC ），并采用傅里叶红外光谱、扫描电子显微镜和Zeta 电位对其基本结构进行表征。
并在无磁场、垂直磁场、倾斜磁场、水平磁场四种模式下观察磁场对不同表面电荷CNC 薄膜的影响。
结果表明，T-CNC 表面带有羧基，S-CNC 表面带有硫酸酯基。
骶髂关节螺钉通道英文单词
骶髂关节螺钉通道英文单词The Sacroiliac Screw PassageThe sacroiliac joint is a complex anatomical structure located at the junction of the sacrum and the ilium, which are the two bones that make up the pelvis. This joint plays a crucial role in the transfer of forces between the upper body and the lower extremities, and it is essential for maintaining stability and proper biomechanics during various movements and activities.One of the surgical procedures commonly performed to address issues related to the sacroiliac joint is the placement of sacroiliac screw implants. These implants are designed to stabilize the joint and provide support for the surrounding structures, particularly in cases of traumatic injuries, degenerative changes, or instability. The sacroiliac screw passage, or the specific anatomical pathway through which the screws are inserted, is a critical consideration in this surgical technique.The sacroiliac screw passage is a well-defined and carefully studied corridor that allows for the safe and effective placement of these implants. This passage is typically accessed through the posterioraspect of the pelvis, with the patient positioned in a prone or lateral decubitus position. The surgeon will carefully plan the entry point, trajectory, and depth of the screw placement based on detailed anatomical knowledge and imaging studies, such as CT scans or MRI.The success of the sacroiliac screw placement procedure is heavily dependent on the surgeon's ability to navigate this passage accurately and safely. Improper placement of the screws can lead to serious complications, such as damage to nearby neurovascular structures, joint penetration, or even sacral fractures. Therefore, a thorough understanding of the anatomy and the biomechanics of the sacroiliac joint is essential for the surgeon performing this procedure.The sacroiliac screw passage is typically described as a relatively narrow and confined space, with specific anatomical landmarks and boundaries that must be respected to ensure a successful outcome. The entry point is typically located just lateral to the posterior superior iliac spine, and the trajectory of the screw follows a course that is directed medially, anteriorly, and slightly cephalad, aiming toward the sacral ala.Careful preoperative planning and intraoperative image guidance, such as fluoroscopy or 3D navigation systems, are often employed to guide the surgeon in accurately identifying the appropriate entrypoint and trajectory for the sacroiliac screw placement. Additionally, the surgeon must be mindful of the potential variations in the anatomy of the sacroiliac joint, as these can significantly impact the optimal pathway for the screw placement.The benefits of successful sacroiliac screw placement can be substantial for patients suffering from various sacroiliac joint-related disorders. These implants can provide the necessary stabilization and support to alleviate pain, improve function, and facilitate the healing process. However, the complexity of the procedure and the potential risks involved underscore the importance of having a highly skilled and experienced surgeon performing these procedures.In conclusion, the sacroiliac screw passage is a critical component of the surgical management of sacroiliac joint-related conditions. A thorough understanding of the anatomy, careful preoperative planning, and meticulous intraoperative technique are essential for achieving successful outcomes and minimizing the risk of complications. As the field of orthopedic surgery continues to evolve, ongoing research and advancements in surgical techniques and imaging modalities will undoubtedly contribute to the further refinement and optimization of the sacroiliac screw passage procedure.。
螺丝在拧紧英文摘抄
螺丝在拧紧英文摘抄Screws are essential fasteners that are widely used in various industries and applications. Whether it is in construction, manufacturing, or even in our everyday lives, screws play a crucial role in holding things together. In this excerpt, we will explore the process of tightening screws, discussing the tools and techniques involved, as well as the importance of proper screw tightening.To tighten a screw, you will typically need a screwdriver or a power tool. Screwdrivers come in different types, such as flathead, Phillips, and Torx, each designed for specific screw heads. Power tools, such as electric screwdrivers or drills, can greatly speed up the process, especially when dealing with a large number of screws.When tightening a screw, it is important to ensure that you are using the correct size and type of tool. Using an incorrect tool can cause damage to the screw head, making it difficult to tighten or loosen. Additionally, using excessive force or torque can lead to stripping the screw head, rendering it useless. Therefore, it is crucial to use the right tool and apply the appropriate amount of force.One common method of tightening screws is the "righty-tighty, lefty-loosey" rule. This means that to tighten a screw, you turn it clockwise (to the right) and to loosen it, you turn it counterclockwise (to the left). However, not all screws follow this rule. Some screws, such as some types of bicycle pedals or gas tanks, have reverse threading, meaning you turn them counterclockwise to tighten and clockwise to loosen. Therefore, it is important to be aware of the specific screw you are working with.Proper screw tightening is crucial for a variety of reasons. Firstly, a loose screw can cause instability and compromise the integrity of the structure it is holding. This can lead to accidents, mechanical failures, or even structural collapse. Secondly, overtightening a screw can cause it to break or strip, which may require costly repairs or replacement. Lastly, adhering to proper tightening techniques ensures that the screw is secured correctly, optimizing its holding power and minimizing the risk of loosening over time. In conclusion, tightening screws is an important process that requires the right tools and techniques. By using the correct size and type of tool, and applying the appropriate amount of force, you can ensure that the screws are properly secured without causing damage. Proper screw tightening is crucial for maintaining structural integrity and preventing accidents or failures. So next time you are working with screws, remember the importance of getting it right and following the "righty-tighty, lefty-loosey" rule.。
magneticfluxsignature磁通特征
magneticfluxsignature磁通特征Magnetic flux is a physical property of materials which is used to measure the quantity or behavior of a magnetic field around a material or object. Magnetic flux is the total magnetic field passing through a given surface. The magnetic flux signature is the pattern of magnetic flux around a material or object. It is used to measure the quantity or behavior of a magnetic field around a material or object.The concept of magnetic flux signature has a long history. Early experiments in magnetism used a Galvanometer, a devicethat measures the flow of electric current. This device was originally used to measure the magnetic field passing through a material or object, and the reading obtained became the basisfor the magnetic flux signature. In the late 19th century, British physicist, Lord Kelvin, developed a technique called the Lorentz force, which was based on the idea of using magnets to measure the magnetic field around a material or object. This technique was used to measure the force between two magnets and to calculate the magnetic flux signature.The magnetic flux signature can be used to measure the behavior of magnetic fields around various types of materials. It can be used to study the magnetic response of different materials to varying external conditions, such as current flow and temperature. It can also be used to measure the magneticproperties of metals and other materials, such as electrical conductivity and magnetic permeability.The magnetic flux signature can also be used to determinethe shape of a material. It can be used to determine the shapeof ferromagnetic material by measuring the magnetic fieldsaround it. It can also be used to determine the shape of non-ferromagnetic material, such as copper, by measuring the fields around it.The magnetic flux signature can also be used to diagnose materials for defects. By analyzing the magnetic flux signature, scientists can detect any anomalies in the material's structure. This can help identify possible problems or defects in materials, and can also be used to predict the performance of a material under various external conditions.The magnetic flux signature is a powerful tool for studying the behavior of magnetic fields around materials. It is an important tool for understanding the properties of different materials, as well as diagnosing materials for defects. By studying the magnetic flux signature, scientists can better understand the behavior and properties of materials, and can make more accurate predictions about the performance ofmaterials in different situations.。
浩瀚海洋摄影舵机手册说明书
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04 Install battery
Install the battery on the V-mount of motor section, then connect the power cable.
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06 Move slide
Move the slide close to the motor section, the wireless shutter controller turns on after pressing the small button until the green light flashes three times; The wireless shutter controller turns off after pressing the small button on the wireless shutter controller until the red light flashes three times.
8. Simple and classic design, easy to carry. 9. Display the good characteristic of flexibility and dynamics on the aviation level
aluminum alloy, the anodized surface of aluminum alloy has higher hardness and better durability. 10.One-button update system, update the functions from time to time.
磁测量常用名词术语及含义
磁测量常用名词术语及含义3 术语及含义符合JJG1013-93 磁学计量常用名词术语及定义试行技术规范。
3. 1 一般术语 General terms3. 1. 1 硬磁材料 Magnetically hard material通常指矫顽力不低于10 kA/m 的磁性材料。
3. 1. 2 软磁材料 Magnetically soft material通常指矫顽力不高于1000 A/m 的磁性材料。
3. 1. 3 磁通计 Fluxmeter利用电磁感应定律，测量感应电动势对时间的积分原理制成的测量磁通量变化的直读仪表。
3. 1. 4 磁强计 Magnetometer测量磁场的仪器。
3. 1. 5 磁性材料标准样品 Standard specimen of magnetic material是指由计量部门按规定的技术条件制做，给出磁性材料磁特性参数值，经一定时间考核，性能稳定，再经国家最高计量部门正式批准作为标准量具使用的磁性材料样品。
注：(1) “磁性材料标准样品”的作用是用来校准或评定测量磁性材料磁特性的仪器（仪表）或装置的误差。
(2) “磁性材料标准样品”性能的高低不做为判别该样品所代表的材料性能优劣的依据。
3. 2 磁化状态3. 2. 1 磁化曲线 Magnetization curve表示当磁场强度变化时，材料的磁通密度、磁极化强度或磁化强度变化的的一条曲线。
注：在表示磁通密度曲线、磁极化强度曲线或磁化强度曲线的区别时，可使用下列术语：B-H曲线；J-H曲线；M-H曲线。
3. 2. 2 B-H（J-H）（M-H）磁滞回线 Hystersis B-H（J-H）（M-H）loop显示磁滞现象的一种闭合磁化曲线。
注：根据磁滞的定义，磁滞回线是由静态磁化曲线构成的，然而也可以大概地认为由动态磁化曲线形成回线，虽然这种回线通常还将依赖于除磁滞以外的其他过程，术语 B-H（J-H）（M-H）回线可以用来表示动态情况。
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Send offprint requests to: D. X. Wang (dxwpling (MC) process, which is regarded as one of the variants of the BZ process (Blandford 1999; van Putten 1999; Li 2000b, 2002; Wang, Xiao & Lei 2002, hereafter W02). It is shown in B00 that about 1053 ergs are available to power both a GRB and a SN. However, they failed to distinguish the fractions of the energy for these two objects. More recently, van Putten and his collaborators (van Putten 2001; van Putten & Levinson 2003, hereafter P03) worked out a poloidal topology for the open and closed magnetic field lines, in which the separatrix on the horizon is defined by a finite half-opening angle. The duration of a GRB is set by the lifetime of the rapid spin of the BH. It is found that GRBs and SNe are powered by a small fraction of the BH spin energy. This result is consistent with observations, i.e., duration of GRBs of tens of seconds, true GRB energies distributed around 5 × 1050 ergs (Frail et al. 2001), and aspherical SNe kinetic energies of 2 × 1051 ergs (Hoflich et al. 1999). Very recently, Lei et al. (2005, hereafter Lei05) proposed a scenario for GRBs in type Ib/c SNe invoking the coexistence of the BZ and MC processes. In Lei05 the GRB is powered by the BZ process, and the associated SN is powered by the MC process. The overall time scale of the GRB is fitted by the duration of the open magnetic flux on the horizon. Besides the features of high energy released in very short durations most GRBs are highly variable, showing very rapid variations in flux on a time scale much shorter than the overall duration of the burst. Variability on a time scale of milliseconds has been observed in some long bursts (Norris et al. 1996; McBreen et al., 2001; Nakar and Piran, 2002). Unfortunately, the origin of the variations in the fluxes of GRBs remains unclear. In this paper we intend to discuss the mechanism for producing the variations in the fluxes of GRBs by virtue of the screw instability in BH magnetosphere. It is well known that the magnetic field configurations with both poloidal and toroidal components can be screw-unstable. According to the Kruskal-Shafranov criterion the screw instability will occur, if the toroidal magnetic field becomes so strong that the magnetic field line turns around itself once or more (Kadomtsev 1966; Bateman 1978). Some authors have addressed the screw instabilities in BH magnetosphere. Gruzinov (1999) argued that the magnetic field with a bunch of closed field lines connecting a Kerr BH with a disk can be screwunstable, resulting in the release of magnetic energy with the flares at the disk. Li (2000a) discussed the screw instability of the magnetic field in the BZ process, leading to a stringent upper bound to the BZ power. Wang et al. (2004, hereafter W04) studied the screw instability in the MC process. They concluded that this instability could occur at some place away from the inner edge of the disk, provided that the BH spin a∗ and the power-law index n for the variation of the magnetic field on the disk are greater than some critical values. In this paper we attempt to combine the screw instability of the magnetic field with the coexistence of the BZ and MC processes. To facilitate the description henceforth we refer to the screw instability of the magnetic field occurring in the BZ and MC processes as SIBZ and SIMC, respectively. It is shown that both SIBZ and SIMC can occur, provided that the following parameters are greater than some critical values: (1) the BH spin, (2) the power-law index describing the variation of the magnetic field at the disk, and (3) the vertical height of the astrophysical load above the equatorial plane of the Kerr BH. The features of several GRB-SNe are well fitted in our model. (1) The overall duration of the GRBs is fitted by the evolution of the half-opening angles. (2) The true energies of several GRBs are fitted
1.
INTRODUCTION
Recently, observations and theoretical considerations have linked long-duration GRBs with ultrabright Type Ib/c supernovae (SNe; Galama et al. 1998, 2000; Bloom et al. 1999). The first candidate was provided by SN 1998bw and GRB 980425, and the recent HETE-II burst GRB 030329 has greatly enhanced the confidence in this association (Stanek et al. 2003; Hjorth et al. 2003). Extremely high energy released in very short time scale suggests that GRBs involve the formation of a black hole (BH) via a catastrophic stellar collapse event or possibly a neutron star merger, implying that an inner engine could be built on an accreting BH. Among a variety of mechanisms of powering GRBs the Blandford-Znajek (BZ) process (Blandford & Znajek, 1977) has its unique advantage in providing “clean” (free of baryonic contamination) energy by extracting rotating energy from a BH and transferring it in the form of Poynting flow in the outgoing energy flux (Lee et al. 2000, hereafter Lee00; Li 2000c, hereafter Li00). Not long ago Brown et al. (2000, hereafter B00) worked out a specific scenario for a GRB-SN connection. They argued that the GRB is powered by the BZ process, and the SN is powered by the