湖北自考--商务英语翻译教程--5-8 units

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英语本科段自学考试英汉翻译教程Unit-5--Cultur

英语本科段自学考试英汉翻译教程Unit-5--Cultur

英语本科段自学考试英汉翻译教程U n i t-5--C u l t u r.d o c(总5页)--本页仅作为文档封面,使用时请直接删除即可----内页可以根据需求调整合适字体及大小--Unit 5 CulturLsson 13(E—C)A Valentine to One Who Cared—Too Much(1)By Nancy J. RiggIt’s raining, again. As I lie awake in bed, listening to the sound of those razor-sharp drops pounding on the pavement, my mind goes reeling down dark corridors teeming with agonizing flashbacks, and a chill from within fills me with dread. It’s rainning, again.It does this every year in Southern California; at least that’s what they told me last year when I marveled at the relentless determination of the rain. There seem to be two seasons here. During the rainy season, sometimes the storms drench the area nonstop for days. Sometimes the storm come and go. Often property damage and sirupted livs result. It’s hard to predict the intensity of the patterns from year to year. Then there is the fire season. That takes care of the property that managed to survive the deluge, again disrupting lives. The days connecting thse seasons are monotonous,with some sun, some smog and some more sun. This is nothing like back home in Colorado.We have rains ther, too. Thunderstorms in spring and summer often come with intensity great enough to cause flash-flooding. Every child raised in the West knows about these dangers. At least that’s what I used to think. I’m not so sure anymore. I second grade they showd us a terrifying film about flash-flooding. A man parked his 57 Chevy ona little bridge overlooking a picturesque, arid gully and took outhis camera. It was strating to rain, but he really wanted to get that picture. The image of a sudden wall of dark water carrying the manand his car away in an instant is still imprinted on my mind. They used this kind of scare tactic when I was growing up. I wonder what they use today.A yar ago I would have sworn that children here are taughtnothing about the dangerous powers of nature. My fiance, Earl higgins, and I had recently moved to Los Angeles from colorado. It was a move we had made by choice, for caeer purposes. About a week and a half after we moved into an apartment in Atwater, a block from the Los Angeles River, the rains started in earnest. On Valentine’s Day, I remember thinking what dismal weather it was for being in love, but after studying Earl’s face I knew that the weather didn’t matter much. At least that’s what I thought. Because we were together, lifewas safe and secure. We talked of our plans to wed and start a family, once we were settled in Los Angeles, and we listened to the rain.The Sunnynook footbridge connects Atwater with Griffith Park, spanning the Los Angeles River and the Golden State Freeway. Like the freeway, the river is fenced to keep people out. During several walks to the park, Earl and I had noticed many children who ignord the fences and found holes to allow them through in order to play in the dirt in the river bed and run up and down the sloping concrete banks. Most of the time parents probably have no worry about their kids playing in the concrete channel, because most of the time the riveris dry. Habits form, however, and, in a child’s mind, most of the time becomes all of the time, and nobody gives it much thought. Then the rains come.(to be continued).(from Los Angeles Times)译文:衷肠曲南希·J.里格又下雨了。

商务英语翻译Unit 5 Economy

商务英语翻译Unit 5 Economy

Vocabulary Preparation
外汇储备 粮食储备 创历史最高纪录 经济运行 效益 全面的 技术改革 世界500强 教育事业 前所未有的 国民素质 财政收入 大幅度地
foreign exchange reserves grain reserves hit an all-time high economic performance efficiency all-around technological renovation the ranks of global top500 educational undertaking unprecedented people’s quality financial revenue considerably
• (4)经济增长及其健康水平。一些经济报 告,如GDP、就业水平、零售状况、产能利 用率等,均可详实地反映一国经济增长状 况和该国的经济健康水平。一般来说, 一 个国家的经济越强劲,其货币流通就越好, 对该货币的需求量就会越大。
• 经济状况包括以下几个方面: • (1)政府财政赤字或盈余。市场通常都会 对政府赤字扩大做出负面的反应,而对预 算赤字缩小做出积极的反应。这些反应往 往会通过国内货币价值显现出来。
• 2) Balance of trade level and trends. The trade flow between countries illustrates the demand for goods and services, which in turn indicates demand for a country’s home currency to conduct trade. Surpluses and deficits in trade of goods and services reflect the competitiveness of a nation’s economy. Therefore, trade deficits may have a negative impact on a nation’s home currency.

商务英语翻译 unit5

商务英语翻译 unit5

• look back on 回顾过去 • renew old friendship 重温旧情 • establish new contacts 结交新友 • look ahead/look into the future 展望未来 • a complete/full success 圆满成功 • propose a toast to 提议为…干杯 • to express/extend our sincere thanks to sb. 表示真诚的感谢 • in closing 最后 • a common aspiration 共同的愿望 • it is a great honor for me 我很荣幸 • it is a privilege for me 我很荣幸 • I feel honored to 我很荣幸 • I am privileged to 我很荣幸 • please allow me 请允许我 • best wishes 祝愿
Task 2. Summary
1. Language Features of Business Address 礼仪致辞(ceremonial speeches)是指各种会议、商业、外事等商 务礼仪活动中必不可少的环节,如欢迎辞、欢送辞、开闭幕辞、致 谢辞、祝酒辞、贺辞、悼辞等,语言特点如下:
Features
Useful Expressions : deliver a welcoming speech 致欢迎辞 return banquet 答谢宴会 cocktail party 酒会 declare the closing of 宣布…闭幕 official invitation 正式邀请 take this opportunity to 借此机会 in the name of 以…名义 in the spirit of 本着…精神 heartfelt thanks 由衷的谢意 generous/incomparable hospitality 友好款待 extraordinary arrangement 精心安排 official invitation 正式邀请 on the behalf of sb 谨代表某人

湖北自考-商务英语翻译教程--1--4-units课件

湖北自考-商务英语翻译教程--1--4-units课件

二、 国际商务合同的术语及其解读(次 重点)P12
• 识记:下列专业术语的定义 inquiry询盘,offer发盘(offeror发盘人,offeree受盘人), firm offer实盘,indefinite offer虚盘,counter offer还盘, accept承诺,contract合同/契约,termination of a contract合 同的终止,suspension of a contract合同的中止
湖北自考-商务英语翻译教程--1--4-units
第一单元 学习目的与要求
• 通过本单元的学习,了解翻译的过程,翻译的 形式及其目的;掌握《联合国国际货物销售合 同公约》的有关内容;对国际商务合同的术语 翻译和解读。
湖北自考-商务英语翻译教程--1--4-units
一、翻译中的词类转换;翻译的形式(重点)
• 信、达、雅(faithfulness, expressiveness, elegance )。 • 1898年,严复在《天演论》的《译例言》中说:“译事之难:信、
达、雅。求其信,已大难矣!顾信矣,不达,虽译,犹不译也, 则达尚焉。”后来一般就把“信、达、雅”当作翻译的标准。 • 用今天的话来说,“信”就是忠实准确,“达”就是通顺流畅,“雅”就 是文字古雅。
湖北自考-商务英语翻译教程--1--4-units
Offers (发价)
• An offer is a proposal that is made to a specific individual or entity to enter into a contract. The proposal must contain definite terms and must indicate the offeror’s intent to be bound by an acceptance.

湖北省高等教育自学考试课程考试大纲-课程名称:商务英语写作

湖北省高等教育自学考试课程考试大纲-课程名称:商务英语写作

湖北省高等教育自学考试课程考试大纲课程名称:商务英语写作课程代码:05440第一部分课程性质与目标一、课程性质与特点商务英语写作是湖北省高等教育自学考试商务英语专业(专科)的专业基础课。

本课程是一门介绍商务文书种类及其作用、写作规范、具体格式、写作方法以及商务交流中应遵循的原则,融商务相关知识与英语写作能力为一体以实用为主导的课程。

二、课程目标与基本要求本课程的教学目的是培养学生掌握商务英语写作的基础知识,了解商务英语书信的基本格式和写作技能,熟悉主要的商务英语写作类型,提高商务英语书面表达能力。

通过本课程的学习和训练,学生能撰写一般商务书信(包括求职简历、备忘录、会议纪要、建议书、营业报告等),意思表达清楚,用词比较准确,无重大语法错误。

本课程要求学生学习商务英语应用文的基础知识,掌握相关的商务知识,训练商务英语写作的基本技能,在加强和提高英语专业基础知识和基本技能的同时培养实际运用语言的能力和独立工作能力,最终达到商务英语专业专科生水平。

本课程终结时,学生应达到如下要求:1. 熟悉常用商务英语文体;2.能熟练掌握英语书信等商务文件的写作格式;3.能较熟练地运用英语商务书信中常用的表达方式;4.能结合实际情况,撰写能较清楚表达写作者意图的一般商业书信等商务文件。

三、与本专业其他课程的关系商务英语写作课程的先修课程是商务英语口语,商务英语阅读。

本课程所学基本词汇和基本句型与商务英语口语,商务英语阅读的基本词汇和基本句型相互渗透,相辅相成。

通过学习本课程,学生的实际语言运用能力能够得到提高,且能为后续商务函电课程的学习打好基础。

第二部分考核内容与考核目标第一单元一、学习目的与要求本单元主要讲述商务英语写作的基本概念。

学习本单元的目的是要了解商务英语写作的写作要求,写作形式与写作过程及步骤。

在学习过程中,要注意下列问题:(1)商务英语写作的目的;(2)商务英语写作的体裁形式与写作要求;(3)商务英语写作的进行步骤。

湖北自考大纲00796商务英语

湖北自考大纲00796商务英语

湖北省高等教育自学考试课程考试大纲课程名称:商务英语课程代码:00796第一部分课程性质与目标一、课程性质与特点商务英语是湖北省高等教育自学考试涉外秘书专业(独立本科段)的学位课程。

本课程从语言和商务两方面培养学生用英语商务沟通所必备的知识和技能,为学生今后从事商务活动、人际交往和职业发展进行有效交流打好基础。

二、课程目标与基本要求本课程的教学目的是培养学生掌握商务活动中的规范语言,并在学习商务规范语言的同时学到基本的商务知识。

本课程内容包括自我及他人介绍、职业描述、公司介绍等多个话题,并配有实用范例。

通过这些单元的学习,要求学生熟悉并掌握不同商务活动的规范语言、基本商务知识,并通过大量的案例练习,培养学生实际操作和运用能力。

本课程终结时,学生应达到如下要求:1. 熟练使用规范语言;2.掌握基本商务活动知识;3.在商务活动中熟练使用规范语言。

三、与本专业其他课程的关系商务英语课程与商务英语写作课程是紧密相连的。

商务英语写作课程重在写作形式,语言技能的提高,是本课程的基础。

本课程重在应用学生已有的英语语言知识、技能等,进行实际的商务活动。

通过学习本课程,学生的实际语言运用能力能够得到提高,且能为将来真正走入社会进行商务活动打下良好基础。

第二部分考核内容与考核目标第一单元介绍和问候一、学习目的与要求本单元学习,要求学生(1)能介绍自己和他人2)能问候及回应问候二、考核知识点与考核目标(一)介绍自己与他人(次重点)识记:常用介绍表达法,如:Excuse me, are you/is your name …?Hello, I’m/my name’s ….This is/I’d like to introduce ….Do you know/have you met….He/She is from….He/She works in….应用:1) Introduce yourself and others.2) Identify yourself and others.3) Ask and say where people are from.(二)问候与回应(一般)识记:问候与回应表达法,如:1)A. How are you?B. Fine, thanks./Not too bad, thank you.2)A. Nice to see you./Nice to talk to you.B. Nice to see you too/ It was nice talking to you, too.应用:Greet others.第二单元职业一、学习目的与要求本单元学习,要求学生(1)能问询或给出个人信息(姓名,职业等)(2)接电话和打电话(3) 记录电话等数字信息二、考核知识点与考核目标(一)听和说职业相关信息(重点)识记:1)表示职业的词汇,如:Professional and technical: lawyer…Administrative: executive…Clerical and office: receptionist…2)电话号码等数字的读法,如:320 112 three two oh double one two / three two zero one one two应用:1)Ask for and give personal and job-related information.2) Answer/get through on the phone and say telephone numbers.(二)请求提供/重复姓名拼写方式(一般)识记:表达法,如:Can you spell that, please?/How do you spell that?Can you repeat that, please?/Can you say that again, please?应用:Say letters and spell.第三单元公司一、学习目的与要求本单元学习,要求学生(1)描述公司情况(2)谈论不同类型的行业(3)找合作伙伴二、考核知识点与考核目标(一)询问/提供公司信息:公司名,总部,所在国与城市,分公司的数量和及产品(重点)识记:1)询问公司信息的方式,如:Who do you work for?Is that an American Company?Where are the headquarters?Do you have branches in Europe?2) 大洲、国名、城市名等专有名词,如:Europe…; America…; Seattle…应用:Ask for and give information on companies and products.(二)谈论不同类型的行业(次重点)识记:1)描述行业的表达法,如:Dentsu (公司或企业名) is in advertising/the advertising business.(行业)Coca-Cola(公司或企业名) makes/manufactures motor vehicles.(产品)2)提问行业信息的表达法,如:Does…(公司或企业名)make/manufacture…(产品)?Do … and …(两个或多个公司或企业名)make/manufacture…(产品)?What does …(公司或企业名) make/manufacture…(产品)?What do … and …(两个或多个公司或企业名) make/manufacture…(产品)?3)行业或产品相关的词汇,如:electronics, motor vehicles, financial services, chemicals, telecommunications,aerospace, airline, energy, engineering, travel and tourism, banking, insurance,advertising, catering, food, soft drinks, office equipment, computer…应用:1) Talk about types of business and products.2) Read company ads or mails to decide which company would be a good partner.3) Write a letter to some company about your company. Don’t forget the reader’saddress, your address and the date.第四单元工作地点一、学习目的与要求学习本单元,要求学生(1)指方向(2)谈论部门(3)记下信息二、考核知识点与考核目标(一)问询和指明方向(重点)识记:1)询问方向的表达法,如:Excuse me, where’s the conference room?Excuse me, I’m looking for the Purchasing manager’s office.2) 指明方向的表达法,如:Go up to the second floor and turn right.The canteen is the second door on the left.It’s opposite/next to the photocopying room.……3) 表示方位和部门的词汇,如:go down, Research and Development, Sales,After-sales, Reception, Dispatch, Purchasing, Accounts, Production, Canteen,Personnel, Marketing…应用:Ask for or give directions.(二)谈论部门(次重点)理解:不同部门的分工应用:Talk about departments.(三)记录信息(一般)识记:1)请求和某人说话的表达法,如:Can you put me through to Ms Taylor, please?Could I speak to Ms Taylor, please?2) 告诉某人不在或者忙碌,如:I’m afraid/sorry she’s not here at the moment. Can I take a message?I’m afraid/sorry he’s busy at the moment. Can I take a message?3)表达希望回话,如:Can you ask her/him to call me back?应用:Give and take telephone messages.第五单元复习和巩固一、学习目的与要求学习本节,要求学生(1)复习和巩固前4单元话题所用的表达法(2)复习巩固相关词汇(3)复习和巩固相关商务知识二、考核知识点与考核目标(一)四单元相关话题常用表达法和词汇(二)相关话题阅读和听力理解(三)语法:数字表达,方位介词用法第六单元日常工作一、学习目的与要求本单元学习,要求学生(1)谈论个人工作(2)描述常规工作(3)描述工作相关的喜好二、考核知识点与考核目标(一)询问和提供日常工作信息:活动、时间、环境(重点)识记:1) 询问工作时间的表达,如:What time do you start work? When do you finish work?When’s the lunch break? Do you work on Saturdays?Do you have other breaks? When do you take your holidays?2) 向新同事介绍工作时间的信件,如:Dear…(开头)Welcome to our company. Let me tell you about our routine:We start work at…(结尾)If you have any further questions, please contact me.Yours sincerely3)描述日常工作的词汇及表达,如:meet customers, go on trips; entertain visitors, write reports, use English; work late,make phone calls (in English), work with a computer, work on my own…I go on trips once/twice/three times a day/week/month/year.应用:1) Ask for and give information on working routines.2) Write a short letter to sb to describe the working routine.3)Write a short passage about a typical day in your life.(二)对工作环境等的喜好(次重点)识记:表示喜好的表达,如:I like/enjoy talking to people/going to conferences.I don’t mind working shifts.I don’t like/hate going to meetings/writing reports.应用:Express likes and dislikes.(三)动词+-ing形式做宾语(一般)识记:enjoy, mind, hate等+-ing形式做宾语第七单元工作环境一、学习目的与要求本单元学习,要求学生(1)请求和回应请求(2)讨论工作压力(3)提供建议二、考核知识点与考核目标(一)提出请求和作出回应(重点)识记:相关表达法,如:Could/Would you make me a copy of this report?Yes, sure. /Of course./No problem./Ok./I’d rather not./I’m rather busy.应用:Make and respond to requests(二)谈论责任、压力并给出建议(次重点)识记:1)表示责任和义务的表达法,如:An engineer has to/must/doesn’t have to/needn’t do overtime/work long hours/travel a lot/make decisions/meet deadlines/prepare reports/go to conferences….2) 给出建议的表达法,如:Stop smoking./ Don’t smoke.Why don’t you go on holiday?/ You shouldn’t work so hard. /You should relax.应用:Talk about obligation,stress and give advice.(三) 语法:情态动词的用法(一般)识记并理解:could, would等情态动词的用法第八单元计划一、学习目的与要求本单元学习,要求学生(1)讨论安排(2)作出安排(3)计划旅行二、考核知识点与考核目标(一)讨论计划和作出安排(重点)识记:1)讨论安排的表达法,如:I’m leaving on Sunday night.He’s meeting me at the airport on Monday afternoon.We’re inspecting the factory in the morning.2) 商安排的表达法,如:I’d like to arrange a meeting.Are you free on Tuesday?/Does Tuesday suit you?I’m afraid I’m visiting the factory/I have to visit the factory in the morning.What/How about the afternoon?3) 相关商务活动词汇,如:attend the trade fair, have a dinner with, meet new agent; fly to…; stay …应用:1) Make plans and arrangements.2) Plan a trip(write an Itinerary, or a letter to sb) based on documents like letters,memos or phone call.第九单元访问和旅行一、学习目的与要求学习本单元,要求学生(1)找旅馆(2)和来访者谈话(3)参加过的商务活动二、考核知识点与考核目标(一)找到合适旅馆(重点)识记:1) 询问旅馆信息的表达法,如:What are the business facilities like?What’s the service like?Is there a shopping centre in the hotel?Is the hotel equipped for business travelers?2)表示住宿相关的词汇,如:accommodation…应用:1) Write a letter asking for information about hotels.2) Write a fax to a hotel to book a room.(二)和来访者谈话(次重点)识记;1)与来访者谈论的话题和表达,如:Was the trin crowded?Did you have a good journey?Were you there on business?话题如:weather, hotel…应用:Welcome visitors and make small talk.(三)谈论参加过的商务活动(一般)识记:1)商务活动相关词汇,如:seminar, trade fair, conference, meeting, exhibition, training course2) 谈论参加商务活动的经历,如:A: How was the fair? B: We didn’t make any new contacts. It was…/We were very pleased. I think it was…A: Was it a good conference? B: Yes, it was. I think it was….A: What was the course like? B: It was very hard work. It was….A: Did you enjoy the seminar? B: We didn’t learn anything new. It wasn’t very..../I learnt a lot.应用:Describe business events.第十单元复习和巩固一、学习目的与要求学习本节,要求学生(1)复习和巩固前4单元话题所用的表达法(2)复习巩固相关词汇(3)复习和巩固相关商务知识二、考核知识点与考核目标(一)四单元相关话题常用表达法和词汇(二)相关话题阅读和听力理解(三)语法:时间介词搭配,情态动词,现在进行时表将来意义,简单过去式第十一单元工作经历一、学习目的与要求本单元学习,要求学生(1)帮别人找工作(2)谈论你的工作(3)描述你的第一份工作二、考核知识点与考核目标(一)帮人找工作(重点)识记:帮人找工作信件写法,如:Dear …(开头)I would like to know if you can help me. A friend of mine… is planning togo to New York for a year and is looking for a job.This is his/her background:(结尾)I would be grateful if you could help in this matter.Best wishes.理解:背景介绍一般包括:Education and qualification, experience, other information such as languages, future plans…应用:1) Write a letter to your friend to ask if he/she can help find sb a job.2) Interview some candidates for a job advertised. Read their CVs, ask questions.Make notes and decide who seems to be the best of the job.(二)描述工作和经历(次重点)识记:1)询问工作经历的表达,如:Who did you work for?What did you do?Did you have to work hard?How much holiday did you get?Did you enjoy your job?2)发表看法,给出原因的表达,如:I didn’t enjoy/like the job because it was boring./I had to travel too much.I liked/enjoyed the job because it paid well./I worked with nice people.应用:1) Describe career(including any holiday or part-time jobs) with friends including: education and qualification, training, work,experience, other information (such aslanguages, future plans). Don’t forget to take notes.2) Talk about your first job and express your attitude and feeling.第十二单元交易会和销售一、学习目的与要求本单元学习,要求学生(1)了解交易会(2)谈论产品(3)接受和下订单二、考核知识点与考核目标(一)了解交易会,描述产品(重点)识记:1)交易会相关的词汇,如:Furniture Show, Electronics Spring Show, Cycle Show, Sporting Goods Show, Giftand Stationery Show, Automobile/Motorcycle Parts and Accessories Show; FoodShow, Packaging Industry Show, Telecommunications Show, Textile and ApparelShow, Toy Show; Electronics Show, Medical Equipment and PharmaceuticalShow…2) 询问和描述产品信息,如:What are its special features?How much is it?/What’s the retail price?Can they give us a discount? When can they deliver?This is our standard model. (描述)It costs $300.It’s suitable for all occasions.We can deliver from stock.It’s available in red and in large, medium and small.We can offer a discount of 5%.应用:1)Book some accommodation for the International Cycle show.2) Help your friend find out about a product and decide which to buy.(二)下订单(次重点)应用:1) Practise asking about prices, discounts and delivery times.2) Use information on the order form to complete a fax..第十三单元产品描述一、学习目的与要求本单元学习,要求学生(1)比较产品(2)确定最好的产品(3)给出建议二、考核知识点与考核目标(一)比较商品(重点)识记:1)比较的表达法,如:A is cheaper than B.A has a longer warranty than B.A has a shorter delivery time than B.A has better technical support than B.A has a longer money-back guarantee.A has the cheapest/most expensive/highest/lowest price.A has the shortest delivery time.…..2) 相关词汇,如:warranty, money-back guarantee, installation, delivery time,technical support,on-site service, maintenance, contract, price…应用:1) Write a short advertisement for one of your products.2) Compare products based on advertisements.(二)给出建议(次重点)识记:1)给出建议的表达法,如:Let’s buy some new chairs.We could /I think we should have a coffee machine.2)办公用品相关词汇,如:desk, coffee machine, typewriter, notice board…应用:Your company is moving to new offices. Discuss and decide what to buy to equip an office.第十四单元宴请一、学习目的与要求学习本单元,要求学生(1)请客(2)发出邀请(3)描述食品二、考核知识点与考核目标(一)请客(重点)理解:Social customs in business and entertaining guests.应用:Read about social skills and cultural awareness in business and entertaining guests and compare your own culture.(二)发出邀请(次重点)识记:1)邀请相关表达,如:A: Would you like to have lunch next week?I’d like to invite you to dinner next Thursday.B. That sounds nice/That’s very kind of you. When exactly?A. How about Tuesday?/ Is Friday convenient?B. I’m afraid/Unfortunately, I’ve got to to go Head Office. I can’t make that day…A: That’s a pity. Does Wednesday suit you?/How about Friday at 12:30?B: Yes that’s fine/I’m free then. I’ll look forward to it.应用:1)Make and accept or decline invitations.2) Take a business associate to dinner.(三)描述食品(一般)识记:1)食品相关的词汇,如:a starter, a main course, a dessert, aubergine, avocado, soup…2) 描述食品的词汇,如:It’s a local speciality/very popular here/a kind of vegetable….I t’s fairly hot/quite rich/very sweet/salty/spicy/sour/fresh/bitter.It’s (a bit) like…应用:Plan a menu for important customers and explain your menu to someone from another group. Your menu should have a starter, a main course and a dessert.第十五单元复习和巩固一、学习目的与要求学习本节,要求学生(1)复习和巩固前4单元话题所用的表达法(2)复习巩固相关词汇(3)复习和巩固相关商务知识二、考核知识点与考核目标(一)四单元相关话题常用表达法和词汇(二)相关话题阅读和听力理解(三)语法:比较级与最高级第十六单元公司和工厂一、学习目的与要求本单元学习,要求学生(1)描述你已经完成的工作(2)参观工厂(3)公司报告二、考核知识点与考核目标(一)描述你已经完成的事情(次重点)识记:1) 提问和回答关于事情完成情况的表达,如:Have you done…? Yes, I’ve (have) done….Have you had lunch yet? No, I was/’ve been too busy.2) 工作相关的词汇,如:explain the agenda, arrange a meeting, show sb around;read the financial report…(二)参观工厂,阅读公司报告(重点)识记:1)参观工厂,提出警告的表达法,如:Watch out! Please be careful! Stand back, please!You have to pay attention…. Stop! Don’t’ touch that! Get back.It’s important not to touch the machinery.It’s a safety requirement to wear them….应用:Arrange a day’s programme for a visitor: which departments you will show and safety requirement.(三) 公司报告(一般)理解:读或听有关公司的材料,理解公司各部门的职责。

《电子商务英语教程》-Unit5

《电子商务英语教程》-Unit5

Notes To Passage B Activities On Passage B
Basic E-commerce Writing
Related Reading
Work online 5
Unit 5
学 习 目 标
Objective: In this unit, you will learn: The obvious difference between B2B and B2C The features of B2B and B2C The unique characteristics of B2B applications Basic E-commerce English Writing Focus: The difference between B2B and B2C Nodus: How to make a purchase from a B2B application
5.3.2 Translation practice
5.3.2.1 Give the Chinese equivalents of the following words or expressions:
1) individual customer transactions 2) order office supplies or parts 3) fairly regular intervals 4) credit card 5) lines of credit 6)search function 7)browse through 8)virtual private network(VPN) 9)provide secure access 10)customer's supply chain 个体客户交易 订购办公用品或部件 相当固定的间隔时间 信用卡 信用贷款之最高限额 搜索功能 浏览 虚拟个人网络 提供安全通道 客户供应链

商务口译Unit 5

商务口译Unit 5

Unit 5II. Phrase InterpretingA1. columnist2. resident correspondent3. well-informed source4. authoritative source5. top news6. front-page news7. exclusive news 8. reliable news 9. inside story10. box news1.专栏作家2.常驻记者3.消息灵通人士4.权威来源5.头条新闻6.头版新闻7.独家新闻8.可靠消息9.内幕新闻10.花边新闻B.1.采访人2.被采访人3.无可奉告4.新闻发布会5.现场报道‘6.通讯社7.记者证8.标题新闻9.专题报道10.时事1. interviewer2. interviewee3. no comment4. news briefing5. live report6. news agency7. press card 8. headline news 9. special report10. current affairsIII. Sentence InterpretingPut the students into pairs and ask them to do the activity. Have one student read the following sentences and the other interpret them one by one. When the students have finished, ask them to compare their sentences with the reference.A.1. You seem to have been extremely successful in setting up joint ventures in China.2. We strongly believe that a sound business partnership is the foundation for a successful joint venture.3. Thank you very much for sharing your experiences with us today.4. As you know, the world has entered the information era in which telecommunication is evolving as the universal framework for human interaction.5. As a matter of interest, what are the responsibilities of a director of human resources? 1.您在与中国建立合资企业方面取得了相当大的成功。

自考电子商务英语小抄英译汉

自考电子商务英语小抄英译汉

英译汉:Advertise 做广告Adopt采用收养Assumption 假定假设Achievement 成就Automatic 自动的Arrangement 安排Anticipate 期望预料Accordingly 因此Attribute 归因于Arrange 整理安排Abandon 放弃遗弃Automation 自动化自动Available 可用的可获得的Adapt 改编使适应Associate伙同的副的同事Available 可用的可获得的Aliance 结盟联盟Attempt 尝试试图努力Absolutely 绝对地无条件地Barrier障碍Backorder 延期交货Burgeon 发芽开始生长Basically 基本上根本上Barely 几乎没有光秃秃的Commerce 贸易商业Convenience 方便便利Correspondence 通信信件Capture 得到俘获Conversion 转换变换Critical 批评的危急的决定性的Concise 简明的Contract 合同契约Corporate 共同点法人团体Consume 消耗花费Community 社会团体Cumbersome 笨重的Complexity 复杂Conscious 清醒的觉察的Conflict 不合分歧Confidence 信心Confirm 证实确认Crucial 极其重要的Consistent 持续的Classic第一流的经典的Coordinate 协定调节Customize 按顾客要求制做Concentrate 集中全神贯注Claim 声称认领Cluttet 使散乱零乱Classify 分类归类Category 部门种类范畴Casual 偶然的随便的Currency 流行货币Counsel 建议顾问律师Consistently 一致一贯相符Corporation 法人团体Cement 水泥结合巩固Commence 开始着手Comment 意见解释评论Confusion 困惑混乱(状态)Campaign 战役运动Competency 能力技能权限Consultant 顾问Classical 古典的经典地传统的Document 文件文献Dispute 争论辩论Deflate 紧缩Distinct 清楚的明显的Disconcert 使…不安Distinguish 区分Domestically 本国的国内的Detailed 详细的Downside 下调下滑Distribute 分配分发分布Deduct 扣除减除Disadvantage 不利条件Domain 领土领域范围Distract 使…分心分散…的注意力Definite 清楚的明确的肯定的Emergence 出现暴露Enhance 增强提高Enhance 增强Estimate 估计Expand 扩展扩大Equivalent 同等的Expectant 期望的预期的Extensive 广阔的广泛的Extension 延伸伸展Equip 装备供给所需的东西Experienced 有经验的Executive 行政官行政人员Estimate 估计Extreme 极端的偏激的Exponential 指数的指数方程的Eliminate 除去淘汰Essential 必要的基本的要素要点Evaporated 蒸发消失Embrace 拥抱包含Endeavor 努力尽力Enormously 巨大地极大地极其Enlighten 启发启迪教导开导Essence 本质精髓精华Feasible 可行的可做的Fund 基金经费Facilitate 使容易使便利Foster 照顾养育培养File 归档卷宗Fundamental 基本的基础的主要的Frustrate 妨碍扰乱使沮丧Favorite 最喜爱的宠儿Fundamentally 基本地基础地根本地Generate 产生发生Guarantee 保证Highlight 最精彩的部分强调Horizon 地平线Headquarters 总部司令部Involve包含牵涉Insurance 保险(费)Ingredient 原料要素成分Identify 确认鉴别Incorporate 包含合并Intrude 闯入侵入Imperative 命令的权威Implicit 含蓄的Infrastructure 基础结构Individual 单独的个人的Investment 投资Inevitable 不可避免的Insight 洞察力Invoice 发票发货单Index 索引Intervention 插入干涉Inhibit 阻止禁止Initialization 预置初始化Influence 影响权利Ineffective 无效果的Inconvenient 不方便的Interview 采访访问对…进行面试Impossibility 不可能无希望Incumbent 有责任的现任的现任者在职者Keyword关键词Location 地方位置Legislation 立法法规Lucrative 可获利的赚钱的Leverage 杠杆作用Mortgage 抵押Merchandise 商品货品Maverick 持异议者自行其是者Maximize 试达到最高限度Modify 使缓和使改善修饰Massive 巨大的客观的大量的Mistakenly 弄错误解Motivate 作为…的动机激励Notify 通知报告Numerous 很多的许多的Outline 轮廓纲要Outset 开始Overhead 营业费用经常费Overview 概述Process 步骤程序过程Propose 提议建议Potential 潜在的潜力Prosperity 繁荣Premium 保险费Participate 参与参加Productive 多产的Philosophy 哲学思想体系Prior 较早的Proprietary 所有权的Promote 宣传提高升值Preference 偏好更喜欢Precise 精确的明白的Parallel 平行的类似的Productivity 能生产多产生产力Preserve 保护防护Password 口令密码Predict 预言预报Pursue 追赶追求从事Proof 证据证物证明证实Query 询问疑问Restructure 重建重组Revenue 收入岁入Reaction 反应Responsible 承担责任的Respond 回答回应Replenishment 充实充盈Regarding 关于Recommendation 推荐Retain 保留保持Reside 定居居住Reap 收获收割Review 回顾检查Relevant 有关的中肯的Restrict 限制约束Reduce 减少改变Rogue 恶徒流氓Requisition 需要征用Register 登记注册Regime 政体政权管理方式Radical 基本的彻底的激进的Reputation 名声名誉Registration 登记注册Recruitment 吸收征募Reward 报答报偿报酬奖赏Release 放走解释免除…的义务或责任Summary 总结概要Submit 服从顺从提交Substantial 数目巨大的实质的Storefront 店头店面Scale 规模程度范围Similarly 同样地Strategy 战略策略Stuff 塞满塞紧Scan 细察扫视Subsidiary 辅助的附属的Specialize 专攻使专用于Synonym 同义词Standardize 使合乎规格使标准化Survive 幸存比…长命Successfully 获得成功达到目的Transform 改变···的外观或特性Transmit 传播传递Tendency 倾向趋势Timeliness 及时准时Timeframe 时间安排期限Taxing 费力的困难的Technician 技术员工艺师Trend 趋势倾向Transaction 交易事务处理Transfer 转移调动Tedious 厌烦的乏味的Threaten 恐吓威胁Unnecessary 不必要的多余的Undoubtedly 无疑肯定毋庸置疑Venture 冒险冒险事业Vendor 卖主卖方Vertical 垂直的直立的Vision 视力洞察力Vehicle 车辆媒介传播媒介Yield 产生屈服让步词组Automatic replenishment 自动再补给Apples-to-apples comparison 同类比较Account data 账户数据Algorithm 算法Availability check 有效性核查Advertising medium 广告媒介Automotive industry 汽车工业Business model 商务模式Bandwidth 带宽Balance sheet 资产负债表资金平衡表Business reengineering 业务重组Broadband technology 宽带技术Business unit(BU)经营单位Business process re-engineering (BPR)过程创新流程再造Business-to-business(B2B)企业对企业营销模式Business-to-consumer(B2C)企业对客户营销模式Buy-in 买进Best-price guarantee 最佳价格保障Backorder 拖欠定货延期交货Buying leverage 购买杠杆Back-end integration 后台整合Customer service 客户服务Customer relationship management(CRM)客户关系管理Credit card verificantion 信用卡鉴别Cash-flow 现金周转现金流量Customer base顾客群CyberCash 电子货币公司(网络银行)Chief technology officer (CTO)首席技术官Customized software 按顾客要求制作的软件Customer information 客户信息Client 顾客客户Customer^s buying preference 顾客的购物喜好Customer support 用户支持Customer care 客户关怀Cross-sell 交叉销售Credit card 信用卡Centralized system 中央系统集成系统Customer relations 客户关系Cost savings 节约成本(费用)Cross language searchengine 跨语言搜索引擎Consumer protection law 消费者保护法Customer loyalty 客户忠诚Cash register 收银机Checkout process 结账过程Create an account 建立账户Credit card number 信用卡号码Consumer market 消费者市场Cost-effective and efficientDigiCash 电子现金Distribution channel 分销渠道Discounted proce 折扣价格Database 数据库Direct billing 直接结算Data collection 数据收集Database managementsystems 数据库管理系统Directory 姓名地址簿电话簿Domain name 域名Database integration 数据库集成Data protection laws 数据保护法Data ownership 数据所有权eProcurement 电子采购electronic payment 电子支付enforceable transaction 可执行交易electronic signature 电子签名Earnings per share 每股收益E-business process 电子商务程序(流程)EDI电子数据交换Extranet 企业外联网End yser 最终用户eCRM电子商务客户关系管理Electronic bill presentmentand payment(EBPP)电子账单付兑与支付e-money 电子货币e-commerce site 电子商务网站financial transaction 财务往来final customer 最终客户FederalExpress 联邦快递公司Follow-up calls 售后服务电话Fix the error 更正First-movers 先驱者Global marketplace 全球市场Growth rate 增长率Human resources 人力资源Holiday revenues 假日收入Intranet 企业内部互联网Intangible benefit 无形利益Information technology(IT)信息技术In-house program 内部流程Individual spending habits个人购物习惯个人消费习惯Infformation retrieval 信息检索Image 图像Intelligent search engines 智能检索引擎Image Search Engine 图像检索引擎Ineffective error messages无效错误信息In vain 徒劳Just-In-Time(JIT)准时生产制及时供应制Joint venture 合资企业联合经营Key issues 焦点Legal counsel 法律顾问Legal environment 法律环境Legal issue 法律争端Legal intervention 司法干预Multi-media 多媒体Market share 市场份额Mail-order pricing 邮购定价Marketing 市场营销销售Maverick purchasing 个性化购买Marketing department 营销部门Maximum value 最大价值Net loss 净亏损Natural Language Searches自然语言搜索Natural Languageprocessor(NLP)自然语言处理器Network economy 网络经济Out of business 破产Online seller 在线卖方Order initialization 订单初始化Online information 线上信息网络信息Online venture 网络公司Online and offline 线上和线下网上和网下虚拟和现实On-line order 在线订购On-line payment 在线支付Online marketing 在线营销Profit/loss statement 损益帐Planning horizon 规划周期Profit margin 利润Product description 产品描述Product line 产品系列系列产品Particular file format 特殊文件格式Prototype 原型Purchase order tracking 订单跟踪Potenial sales 潜在销售Passive registration 被动注册Purchase attempts 购买企图Place an order 订购R&D 研究与开发Return in investment 投资回报率Return rate 退货率Real-time communication实时交流Retrieval and classification检索和分类技术Review and approvalprocess 检查批准流程Regulatory risk 管制风险Strategic objective 战略目标Site traffic 站点访问量Sales figures 销售金额Shipping method 交货方式Smart cards 智能卡智能插件灵便卡Sales tax 销售税Shopping cart 购物车Spending analysis 开支分析Supply chains 供应链Status tracking 状态跟踪Statements and payments 结算清单与支付Site traffic 网络交通tangible benefit 有形利益target-market 目标市场timely delivery 及时的送货toll-free telephone 免费电话top seller 最畅销的货品transfer funds 基金转移telecommunications 电信technology trends 技术趋势transaction platforms 交换平台text documents 文本文件textural information 文本信息URL 统一资源定位器Up-sell 上行销售Virtual private network 虚拟专用网Virtual world 真实世界Value chain 价值链web site 网站web server 网络服务器web technology 互联网技术workflow 工作流程web page 网页winners and losers 赢家和输家Over the last few yearsthe Internet has……this may become anoption.⑴在过去的数年中,因特网已经从一个仅用于科研的网络发展成了一个新一代商务模式成为可能的平台。

商务笔译-5

商务笔译-5
instead.
• 因此,决定成为股票挑选人的投资者无法期待仅仅因为放 弃多样投资组合的机会,并且承担特殊风险,从而可以获得回
报。
• Points for attention: – a stock-picker 股票挑选人?Good translation?
– pass up=refuse to accept
• 货币市场 • 储蓄账户 • 股票市场或债券市场 • 信贷紧缩 • 低风险的回报 • 广义的资产等级
• 风险溢价
• 国库券
• 期限溢价
• 特殊风险
• 股票挑选人 • 没有固有的回报 • 多样化的投资组合
Focus of the Unit
• 中英文语序的调整
• 被动语态的翻译 • 增词法和减词法 • 名词替代词 • 同位语从句
• 换句话说,面向全球进行多样投资的投资者所面临的
系统性风险要小于仅仅局限在国内市场进行投资时 所面临的风险。 • Points for attention:
– What pronoun can be used to replace the second “the systematic risk”?
• Points for attention: – 同位语从句
Words & Expressions (B)
• asset prices
• ultra-loose monetary policy • slower expansion of the money supply
• core inflation gauges • global liquidity • demand for commodities and
• 一旦我们决定涉足股票市场或是债券市场,抑或是购 买地产或私有企业股份,我们面对的是这类投资本身 固有的风险----比如商业活动的起伏不定、通货膨胀、

商务英语综合教程(中级) Unit 5-《商务英语综合教程》(中级)

商务英语综合教程(中级)  Unit 5-《商务英语综合教程》(中级)

to improve the training of staff.
4. The company has
$ 10 million for its new solar energy project.
5. His experience in marketing resulted in the
of his career.
1. Why do companies have to budget for advertising?
2. What are the best advertising strategies for small businesses?
3. How do companies know whether their advertising is actually working?
Complete the following sentences with the words given.
assessment profile
campaign targeted
promotion simultaneously
branding resources
advertising optimize
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
Group Work
Some famous advertising slogans are full of wit, creativity, and punch and have become a part of our lives. Work in groups to make a brief introduction of the advertising slogan changes of one of the above companies in Task Two and the reasons.

自考Unit 8 The Great Minds

自考Unit 8   The Great Minds

Unit 8 The Great MindsTeaching Objectives:1.Grasp the main idea of Text A /B2. Practice some new words and expressions3.Master important language points and grammatical points.Teaching Importance:1.Understanding of Text A /B2. Practice some new words and expressions3.Self-AssessmentTeaching Difficulties:1.Key words and phraseseful expressions and language pointsTeaching steps:1.Background Information; Speaking Activity about surprise2.Study of words and expressions in Text A;V ocabulary of Text B3.Discussion of Text A and do the follow-up exercises4.Active words and V ocabulary Check; Grammar Tips5.Discussion of Text B and do the follow-up exercises6.Self-Assesment; Intensive trainingProcedures:Classroom Activities1.Background InformationA.A pessimist makes difficulties of his opportunities;an optimist makesopportunities of his difficulties.B.Introuduce Harry S. Truman2.Speaking ActivityLet students pay attention to how the speakers show their surprise.3.Pre-reading QuestionsA.Can you imagine a life without limbs?B.Who will flash into your mind when it comes to disabled heroes? What qualitiesappeal to you most?4.Vocavularymake A of Bmake a success of one's careermake a musician of the little boy1. wrap v. 用…缠绕(或围紧)2. scenario n. 设想;方案;预测3. explanation n. 解释;说明explainexplanatory4. uneventful adj. 平淡无奇的;平凡的;缺乏刺激的5. pregnancy n. 怀孕;妊娠;孕期6. imperfect adj. 有缺陷的;不完全的;不完美的perfectperfection联想:impossible, impolite, imbalanced, immobile, immature (注意:unbiased, unmoving)7. abnormal adj. 不正常的;反常的;变态的;畸形的normal联想:typical-at ypicalsymmetry-as ymmetrysymmetrical-as ymmetrical8. massive adj. 巨大的;非常严重的9. disability n.(某种)缺陷,障碍ableabilityunable10. limbless adj. 无四肢的11. inspire v. 激励;鼓舞(用法参考Unit 5, Text A)inspiration (形近词参考Unit 4,Text A)inspiring12. adapt v. 适应(新情况)adapt oneself to sth.13. accomplish v. 完成14. limb n. 肢;臂;腿15. campaign 运动(为社会、商业或政治目的而进行的一系列有计划的活动)16. fulfill v. 实现;履行fulfill one's dream / word / requirementfulfilling使人满足的,令人愉快的fulfillment 履行;满足;成就17. motivational adj. 鼓舞的18. circumstance n. 命运;客观环境19. wholeheartedly adv. 全心全意地20. effective adj. 产生预期结果的;有效的21. a walk of life 行业;职业;地位;阶层line of work22. major in 主修23. stress the importance of 强调…的重要性24. at one's disposal 任某人处理;供某人任意使用25. poke fun at 拿…开心;奚落;嘲笑26. show off 炫耀;卖弄nguage Points of Text A1. Having had an uneventful(平凡的)pregnancy and no family history to expect this condition, imagine the shock his parents felt when they saw their first born, brand new baby boy, only to find h e was what the world would consider imperfect and abnormal.(1) 悬垂分词。

05355 商务英语翻译

05355 商务英语翻译

湖北省高等教育自学考试课程考试大纲课程名称:商务英语翻译课程代码:05355第一部分课程性质与目标一、课程性质与特点商务英语翻译是湖北省高等教育自学考试商务英语专业(专科)的一门专业基础课。

该课程实践性强,注重专业知识,以课文的英译汉为主要内容,配以翻译理论和互译技巧的讲解,将英语学习与商务专业知识、英汉翻译理论与商务方面的实际应用等有机结合。

本课程具备科学性,典型性,实用性,并紧扣全国国际商务专业技术资格考试中的规定的相关内容,理论联系实际,针对性强。

二、课程目标及基本要求本课程较全面的涉及到了商务英语活动的各方面,讲解相关内容的翻译方法与技巧,增强翻译技能,通过大量全真的英汉互译的实例训练以达到提高本专业学生在专业英语及商务知识方面的翻译能力的目的。

通过本课程的学习,使学生能够全面、灵活地运用各种翻译方法和技巧,准确、完整地对各种商务英语体裁的文章进行翻译,达到商务英语专业大学专科的要求。

三、与本专业其他课程的关系商务英语翻译课程的前期课程有综合英语(上)、商务英语听说、商务英语阅读、商务英语写作等课程,其后续课程是综合英语(下)、商务函电等课程,这些课程紧密联系,相辅相成。

第二部分考核内容与考核目标第一单元一、学习目的与要求通过本单元的学习,使学生了解翻译的过程,翻译的形式及其目的;掌握《联合国国际货物销售合同公约》的有关内容;对国际商务合同的术语翻译和解读。

二、考核知识点与考核目标(一)翻译中的词类转换;翻译的形式(重点)理解:词类转换:1.英语名词转化为汉语动词1)动物名词的转化2)人体名词的转换3)自然现象名词的转化4)地点名词的转化2.英语名词转为为汉语形容词、副词应用:翻译的形式(1)直译literal translation(2)意译free translation(3)活译dynamic equivalence translation(二)国际商务合同的术语及其解读(次重点)识记:下列专业术语的定义inquiry询盘,offer发盘(offeror发盘人,offeree受盘人),firm offer实盘,indefinite offer虚盘,counter offer还盘,accept承诺,contract合同/契约,termination of a contract 合同的终止,suspension of a contract合同的中止理解:专业术语的特征和效力(三)翻译工作者应具备的能力;翻译的过程(一般)识记:翻译工作者应具备的能力:外语水平能力,母语水平能力,知识水平能力,应用水平能力理解:翻译的过程:1)理解:对语言符号的解码过程2)表达:译者把自己理解的内容用译入语准确而又自然地传递给译入语读者的阶段第二单元一、学习目的与要求通过本单元的学习,使学生了解商贸活动中用英语表达的损失索赔及其翻译;翻译技巧中的省略翻译法和增减词翻译法。

商务英语翻译教程(第三版) Unit5 Company Introductions

商务英语翻译教程(第三版) Unit5 Company Introductions

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Contents
1. Introduction 2. Lead-in 3. Methods and Techniques 4. Useful Words and Expressions 6. Notes 7. Practice 8. Classic Translation
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SECTION 1
(12) System 系统公司 Electronic Data Systems (13) Group ING Group ING 集团公司(荷兰)资产管理 11ST (14) Holding (s) HSBC Holdings 汇丰控股有限公司(英国)
(15) Assurance, Insurance New York Life Insurance 纽约人寿保险公司(美国) (16) Laboratories laboratories 有时用来指“制药公司” Tyco Laboratories 泰科制药公司
Sec 2
Sec 3
Sec 4
公司(company)是企业(enterprise)的组织形式之一。 公司由两人以上集 资并根据国家法令组成。在我国,公司主要是指依照公司法的规定成立的组 织,包括的种类有:有限责任公司、股份有限责任公司、一人公司、国有独 资公司。公司以章程为基础成立,属于法人企业,能够独立对外承担民事责 任,其股东对公司承担有限责任,较企业而言,公司的规模一般都较大。 随着我国外向型经济的不断发展,国内与国外公司之间的贸易不断增加; 同时,国外的一些企业、公司在国内投资开办的独资(solely-owned)、合资 (joint-ventured)公司迅猛增多,尤其是中国加入世界贸易组织(WTO)后, 国内公司与世界各国公司联系更加紧密,合作愈加频繁。

《国际商务英语》(自考)Lesson 8

《国际商务英语》(自考)Lesson 8
[seller] quotation - in response to enquiry, a quotation may be sent by the exporter which should include all the necessary information required by the enquiry.
商品交易 会
长途电话
n. 询盘, 询价
n. 报价
adv. 主动 地
indispensable /ˌɪndɪˈspensəbəl/ dispense v. 发放,分配 dispensable adj. 不必要的,可有可无的
validity /vəˈlɪdəti/ period validity n. (法律上的)有效,合法 valid adj. 有效的
adj. 有约束力 的
/
enforceable /ɪnˈfɔːsəbəl/ enforce v. 使服从(法律);(强制)
实行,执行,把…强加于
adj. 可实施的
sue /suː/
v. 起诉
trade fairs trunk call enquiry (inquiry) /ɪnˈkwaɪəri/ ※quotation /kwəʊˈteɪʃən/ voluntarily /ˈvɒləntrəli/
3. the signatures
4. the stipulations
the signatures of the contracting parties indicating their status as the seller or the buyer
on the back of the contract are constituent parts of the contract and are equally binding upon the contracting parties

商务翻译(英译汉) Unit 5 Neophiliac

商务翻译(英译汉) Unit 5 Neophiliac

1. 增译法 增译法指根据英汉两种语言不同的思维方式、语言习惯和表达方式,
在翻译时增添一些词、短句或句子,以便更准确地表达出原文所包 含的意义。这种方式多半用在汉译英里。汉语无主句较多,而英语 句子一般都要有主语,所以在翻译汉语无主句的时候,除了少数可 用英语无主句、被动语态或There be...结构来翻译以外,一般都要 根据语境补出主语,使句子完整。英汉两种语言在名词、代词、连 词、介词和冠词的使用方法上也存在很大差别。英语中代词使用频 率较高,凡说到人的器官和归某人所有的或与某人有关的事物时, 必须在前面加上物主代词。因此,在汉译英时需要增补物主代词, 而在英译汉时又需要根据情况适当地删减。英语词与词、词组与词 组以及句子与句子的逻辑关系一般用连词来表示,而汉语则往往通 过上下文和语序来表示这种关系。因此,在汉译英时常常需要增补 连词。英语句子离不开介词和冠词。另外,在汉译英时还要注意增 补一些原文中暗含而没有明言的词语和一些概括性、注释性的词语, 以确保译文意思的完整。总之,通过增译,一是保证译文语法结构 的完整,二是保证译文意思的明确。
货物保险会使贸易商免受许多风险所可能造成的种种损失。(语法 性增词)
(7) The blond boy quickly crossed himself. 那个金发小男孩立刻在胸前划十字,祈求上帝保佑。(语义性增词)
(8) Sino — British links have multiplied—political, commercial, educational, cultural, defence, science and technology.
【Tips for Translation】
翻译的方法(二)
英汉两种语言在句法、词汇、修辞等方 面均存在着很大的差异,因此在进行英汉 互译时必然会遇到很多困难,需要有一定 的翻译技巧作指导。常用的翻译技巧有增 译法、省译法、转换法、拆句法、合并法、 正译法、反译法、倒置法、包孕法、插入 法、重组法和综合法等。
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• 该句原文的主语中含有一个定语从句,如果将其译成汉语的 前臵定语,会显得头重脚轻,因而将其拆开来译成独立的句 子。
• 第二次世界大战以后石油工业对振兴南部经济起了 很大的作用。这个十分重要的工业部门在阿肯色、 路易斯安那、密西西比、俄克拉荷马和得克萨斯这 五个州中取得了尤其显著的进展。
5)转句译法
It can be frustrating that you have to rely on other people to translate your ideas into reality.
如果你必须依靠别人把你的想法变成现实, 那将是一件沮丧的事。
• He was puzzled that I did not want the job that was obviously a “step” toward what all Americans are taught to want when they grow up: money and power.
句法转换
有时你可能必须与老客户或潜在的客户 通电话,因此,礼貌地接打电话不仅可 以给业务伙伴留下好印象,而且还能帮 你赚钱。
• The statement declared that the international economic order must be changed or the gap between developed and developing countries would continue to widen.
• 雷达荧光屏跟电视荧光屏一样。
• 本句如果译成“雷达荧光屏不是不像电视荧光屏一样”则 不够通顺。
• 该句原文首先是含有一个宾语从句的复合句,这个宾语从句 中又包含另一个宾语从句,而后一个宾语从句后面又套着一 个条件状语从句。
• 然而我想要指出:我们双方的合同中已经明 确规定,如果由于不可预见的因素我方无法 按合同约定期限交货,我方将不负法律责任。
• Some economists argue that, because of uncertainties about whether and how the relationship between growth and inflation has changed, and because forecasters have consistently overestimated inflation and underestimated growth in recent years, the Federal Reserve Board is still right to play safe until more data confirm that inflation is reviving.
• 一些经济学家认为:由于无法确定经济增长与通货 • 该句可以分成四个层次:1. 主干成分是Some economists argue that the Federal Reserve Board is still right to play safe。2. 在主干成分中,包含 膨胀之间的关系是否改变以及如何改变,而且由于 一个宾语从句that the Federal Reserve Board is still right to play safe。3. 近年来预测家一直高估通货膨胀而低估经济增长, 主干成分还带有两个附加成分,一是由and连接的并列成分:because of …and because…in recent years;二是时间状语until more data 因此,在更多的数据证明通货膨胀正卷土重来之前, confirm that inflation is reviving。4. 第三个层次的并列成分中,前一个 美联储谨慎行动,这种做法还是正确的。 原因状语中含有一个介词宾语从句whether and how the relationship
声明宣称:国际经济秩序必须改变,
否则发达国家与发展中国家之间的差距 将继续扩大。
2)逆译法
逆译法就是有些英语长句的表达顺序与汉语 表达习惯不同,甚至完全相反,这时必须按原文从 后到前的顺序进行翻译。 英语句子通常是先主句后从句,时间状语放在 句子后部;在表达逻辑顺序时结果在先,原因在后; 推论在先,条件在后;事实在先,让步在后。而汉 语句子多数为先从句后主句,时间状语臵于句首; 逻辑顺序时先因后果,先条件后推论,先让步后转 折。
转句译法即把长句中的某些词,词组转移成句 子。
Pressure
of work has somewhat delayed our tour; anyway, another hour’s ride will bring us to the village.
由于工作很忙,行程稍迟了一些;不管怎样,
只要再行车一小时,我们就可以到达那个小村庄。 (主语转句)
商务英语翻译教程
College Business English A Course for Translation
Unit 5 to Unit 8
第五单元 学习目的与要求
• 通过本单元的学习,掌握商务合同中多重 从句的翻译方法,正反翻译法;了解国际 商务合同中的翻译与解读,及合同中的各 项专业术语的意义及其翻译。
• 英语中的后臵定语短语和定语从句如果较短,在译 成汉语时经常放在中心词的前面。
• 在11月10日结束的会议上披露了世界银行的 一份报告。报告反复强调越南经济的全面增 长将更主要地取决于其本国的政策,而不是 外来资金的数量。
4)分译法
有时英语长句主句与从句、中心词与修饰词 的关系并不十分密切,翻译时可以按照汉语多用 短句的习惯,把长句的从句或短语化成句子,分 开来叙述。为了使语意连贯,有时需要适当增加 词语。 可以拆分的长句通常带有从句、较多短语或 较多并列成分。有时意义比较复杂的形容词或副 词也可被译为短句,甚至拆分成独立的句子。这 些从句、短语或并列结构等成分分拆出来后,单 独译成句子,对句子主干部分进行补充说明。
• The very important oil industry, which has done much to rejuvenate(使充满活力) the economy of the South since the end of World War Ⅱ, made considerable headway especially in the five states of Arkansas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Oklahoma and Texas.
当英语长句内容的叙述层次与汉语基本一致 时,可采用顺译法。
顺译法一般适用于英语句子的逻辑思维顺 序和表达法与汉语类似的情况。
合并法
• You may have to make or receive calls to or from regular customers and prospective customers, so a good 词类转换 telephone manner not only makes an impression in business, but also helps to make money.
• (3) I have read your articles, but I expect to meet an older man.
我读过你的文章,但没料到你这样年轻。 • 本句如译成“我读过你文章,但我料想会见到一个年纪更 大的人”则不符合汉语表达习惯。
第七节 正反译法
• (4) A radar screen is not unlike a television.
所有美国人接受的教育都是长大后如 何追求金钱和权力,这份工作明明是 迈向该目标的“一大步”,而我却偏 偏不要,他对此大惑不解。
3)变序法
原句若结构复杂,某些成分的顺序与汉语习 惯不同,可以局部改变其表达顺序。
In August 1974, the Institute was instructed to carry on its research on condition that the result of which did have a usefulness for market forecast.
between growth and inflation has changed。
正反译法
英语和汉语中往往均可用肯定形式或否定形式表达同 一概念。但由于讲英语国家的历史、地理、社会文化背景 和生活习性与我国不同,因此这些国家人们的思维方式与 我们有时存在很大差异。这种差别体现在语言习惯上,便 产生了两种语言各自独特的表达形式。在表示否定意义时, 这种差异显得尤为突出。英语的否定表达是一个常见而又 比较复杂的问题。有的英语句子形式上是否定的而实质上 肯定的,有的形式上是肯定的而实质上是否定的。
• After an hour, the trail took them by a low,
spreading tree strung thickly with beads. • 走了一个小时,他们走到了一个矮矮的枝繁 叶茂的树旁,树上密密麻麻地挂满了念珠。
(定语转句)
5)综合法
在翻译实践中处理英语长句时,有时单单地 使用上述一种翻译方法难以奏效,而须将上述各种 方法综合起来,或按时间顺序、或按逻辑顺序,顺 逆结合、主次分明地对全句进行综合处理,以便把 英语原文翻译成通顺忠实的汉语句子。
一、商务合同中长句的翻译(2) (重点)
• 应用:1.复合从句的翻译法;顺译法
2.正反翻译法:正说反译;反说正译
长句的主要翻译方法
(1)顺译法
(2)逆译法
(3)变序法
(4)分译法
(5)转句译法
(6)综合法
1)顺译法
顺译法:按时间的先后顺序,逻辑的先后安 排来翻译。这种译法与汉语的表达顺序基本相 同,可顺译而为。
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