中考英语语法专题复习--代词

中考英语语法专题复习--代词Sentence 1 When I talk to my friends back in the US, one of the things they often ask me is whether I miss the food back home. I do miss certain things, like my mom’s cooking, as well as a kind of food that I cannot find in Beijing －Americanized Chinese food. Why would you want a foreign version of Chinese food when you can get the real thing? Well, American Chinese food is attractive in its own way.Sentence 2 If you’re reading this right now, you are probably interested in learning English as a second language and think it could be a valuable skill in the future. But these days, fewer college students in the United States are studying foreign languages themselves.Sentence 3 Of course, I very much enjoy authentic (正宗的) Chinese food. But there is something about American Chinese dishes, like General Tso’s chicken (左宗棠鸡) and chow mein (炒面), that I really miss. When I go home for holidays, my family is always surprised when I ask them to order American Chinese takeout. But to me, it is a special treat indeed.Sentence 4 Every American Chinese takeout meal also comes with fortune cookies. These are thin, hollow cookies that have a small piece of paper inside. Your “fortune” is written on the paper, along with your “lucky numbers”. You’ll never get these cookies when eating takeout in China.Sentence 5 The Modern Language Association (MLA), a group in the US that tracks language studies, found that the number of US college students who were studying a foreign language dropped by 9 percent from 2013 to 2016, Quartz reported. And the number is still decreasing.代词（Pronouns）是代替名词以及起名词作用的短语、句子和句子的词，因此，代词的使用必须和它所替代的词性在人称、数和格上保持一致。

大多数代词具有指代和修饰的功能。

正确运用代词可以使句子简洁、明快，但是如果使用不当，也容易产生意义理解上的偏差。

在平时的学习过程中，应注意正确、恰当地使用代词。

一人称代词(1)人称代词的分类(2)人称代词的句法功能□1作主语人称代词作主语时用主格Look at the girl in the red skirt. She is my new classmate.□2作宾语人称代词作宾语时用宾格It is a good habit for me to read a few lines before going to bed.□3作表语人称代词作表语时用主格，但在口语中常用宾格---Who is knocking at the door? ---It’s me.(3)人称代词的用法□1I, we和you的用法【注意】主格I在句子中的任何位置都要大写□2we, you, they和he的用法□3he和she的用法□4并列人称代词的使用顺序□5it的用法二物主代词(1)物主代词的分类(2)物主代词的用法□1形容词性物主代词□2名词性物主代词三反身代词表示动作回到其执行者本身，用以加强语气，意为“我(们)自己” 、“你(们)自己” 、“他(们)自己” 的代词。

(1)反身代词的分类(2)反身代词的句法功能反身代词与他所替代的名词或代词形成互指关系，在人称和数上保持一致，可在句中作宾语、表语、同位语。

□1作宾语□2作表语□3作同位语(3)反身代词的用法□1反身代词用来加强语气□2反身代词用于固定搭配中四指示代词是用来指代或标记人或事物的名词，表示“这个/些“ ”那个/些“。

常用的指示代词有this/ that/ these/ those(1)指示代词的基本用法□1this/ these指代或修饰在时间上或空间上较近的人或物，that/those指代或修饰在时间上或空间上较远的人或物。

This is my new friend. / He likes these flowers very much.That is a lovely dog. / In those days they had a hard time.□2that还可以指上文提到的事物，this指下文中将要提到的事物。

He got up late. That’s why he was late for class. / Please remember this: No pains, no gains.□3打电话时，常用this介绍自己，用that来询问对方是谁。

Hello, this is Mike. Who is that speaking?(2)this 和that作替代词的用法为了避免重复，that可替代前面提到的单数可数名词或不可数名词，those 可替代复数可数名词。

The weather in summer in Beijing is cooler than that in Shanghai. / The days in summer are longer than those inwinter.五不定代词不明确指代某个人、某个事物、某些人、某些事物的词。

不定代词的用法比较复杂，在掌握不定代词的用法的同时，有必要把意义相近而用法不同的不定代词进行比较。

不定代词分为两大类，即普通不定代词和复合不定代词。

【拓展】从词义上看，不定代词可以分为四类：□1表示肯定意义的不定代词some; somebody; something□2表示非肯定意义的不定代词any; anyone; anybody; anything; either□3表示否定意义的不定代词none; no one; nobody; nothing; neither□4表示普遍意义的不定代词all; both; each; everyone; everybody; everything(1)some, any□1表示“一些“时，some与any既可以修饰或指代可数名词，也可以修饰和指代不可数名词。

一般说来，some 用于肯定句，any用于否定句、疑问句或条件状语从句。

Some say yes, and some say no. / There is not any water in the bottle. / Do you have any brothers or sisters?□2some用于疑问句时，表建议、请求、邀请等，或者希望得到对方的肯定回答。

Could you buy me some stamps when you pass the pose office? / Can you lend me some picture-books?□3any用于肯定句时，表示“任何的，任何一个“。

The medicine is on sale everywhere. You can get it at any chemist’s.□4“some/any + …“结构作主语时，谓语动词的单复数需要根据of后面的名词的单复数而定。

Some of the food has gone sour. / Are any of the paintings for sale?(2)all, both□1all和both都意为“都“。

all指三者或三者以上的人或物；both则指两个人或物。

All of them have now become singers. / Both of them are from England.【拓展】all用来代替或修饰复数可数名词时，谓语动词用复数形式；all用来代替或修饰不可数名词时，位于动词用单数形式；both作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。

□2all, both作主语的同位语时，应位于实义动词之后，连系动词be、助动词或情态动词之后。

My parents both like tea very much. / Kate’s kids are both beautiful and clever. / You should all hand in your homework.(3)one□1one可以用来代替单数可数名词，表示泛指意义；ones用来代替复数可数名词。

I’ve been looking for a dictionary, but I can’t find one. / Shanghai has a lot of old buildings, but it also has manynew ones.□2one可指代不特定的人、表示“一个人，人们“。