2021年6月大学英语四级长难句 复杂的修饰成分式
2021年6月英语四级考试阅读长难句整理(27)
2021年6月英语四级考试阅读长难句整理(27)1. The fact that ordinary citizens are now starting to think seriouslyabout the nation's moral climate, says this ethics professor at the Universityof Chicago, is reason to hope that new ideas will come forward to improve it.(2002. 阅读. text 1)【译文】这位芝加哥大学的伦理学教授说，普通市民如今开始重视整个国家的道德氛围，因此有希望找到新思路加以改善。
【析句】复合句。
主句says this ethics professor at the University ofChicago为倒装句，并将says的内容即省略了that的宾语从句进行了强调。
宾语从句的主语是The fact is reason tohope,hope后是that宾语从句，主句主语the fact后是that引导的同位语从句。
2. With today's greater mobility and with so many couples working, thosebonds have been weakened, replaced by a greater emphasis on self. (2002. 阅读.text1)【译文】随着今天人口的流动性加强，很多夫妻都工作，这种纽带的力量被削弱，而更加重视自己。
【析句】复合句。
句首是并列的两个with伴随状语，主句those bonds have been weakened在后，replaced by agreater emphasis on self为过去分词作伴随，those bonds与replace是被动关系，因此用过去分词。
2021年6月CET4难句考前复习技巧
2021年6月CET4难句考前复习技巧2021年6月CET4难句考前复习技巧Meawhile, most children are vulnerable to the enormous influence exerted by grandchildless parents aiming topersuade their kids to produce children. (06.1 Passage 1)主干：...most children are vulnerable (to)本句是个简单句，谓语部分用了be vulnerable to...短语，to是介词，后接名词influence作宾语。
exerted是过去分词，作influence的后置定语;aiming是现在分词，作parents的后置定语。
exert influence“施加影响”。
译文：同时，在他们父母的巨大影响下，绝绝大部分的子女很容易被说服生育孩子。
This isn't the stuff of gloomy philosophical contemplations, but a fact of Europe's new economic landscape, embraced by sociologists, real-estate developers and ad executives alike. (05. 6 Passage 1)主干：This isn't the stuff..., but a fact...not...but...连接两个并列的名词词组，在句中作表语。
两个词组都有相对应的修饰成分，修饰stuff的是of介词短语;修饰fact的既有of介词短语，还有过去分词短语embraced...。
译文：这并不是悲观的哲学沉思的东西，而是社会学家、房地产开发商和广告主管都欣然接受的欧洲新的经济现象中的一个事实。
2021年6月大学英语四级长难句 倒装结构
2021年6月大学英语四级长难句倒装结构ExerciseWe could not offer you that post without the responsibility, neither could we ask you to accept the one or two other vacancies of a different type which do exist, for they are unsuitable for someone with your high standard of education and ability.Along with this disparagement of a compliment is the American tendency to laugh at one's own mistakes and admit one's weaknesses.The Chinese had trained messengers on horseback and runners before 1100 B.C.,as did the ancient Persians, Greeks and Romans.要点：neither后面用的是倒装语序(could we)。
which do exist 的先行词为vacancies，但被of a different type 隔开。
exist后面是一个由for(等立连词)引导的原因状语从句，用来作附加说明。
译文：我们不能不负责任地给你这种职务，也不愿让你接受其他工种现有的一两个空缺，因为这两个中任何一个都不适合教育程度和能力达到你这样高水平的人去做。
要点：本句是判断句的倒装。
Along with引导的介词短语在句中作表语，为了使句子的结构达到平衡协调，把带有较长修饰语的主语部分放到句子的后部，以避免头重脚轻。
2021年6月英语四级阅读难句解析(10)
2021年6月英语四级阅读难句解析(10)The ISO labeling standards ban vague or misleading claims on product packaging, because terms such as “environmentally friendly”and “non-polluting”cannot be verified. (05.6 Passage 2)分析主干The standards ban claims本句只含一个原因状语从句，结构上较为简单。
值得注意的是，句中的名词词组大多含有修饰成分，如：The ISO labeling standards, claims on product packaging, terms such as...。
译文ISO 标识标准禁止在商品的包装上出现模糊的或会引起误导的产品说明，因为我们无法证明类似“环保”、“无污染”等这样的字样。
While the kinds of instruction offered in these programs will differ, distance learning usually signifies a course in which the instructors post syllabi (课程大纲), reading assignments, and schedules on Websites, and students send in their assignments by e-mail. (07.12 Passage 1)分析主干：distance learning signifies a course1.句首While 引导状语从句，有让步、对比之意。
2.in which 引导定语从句修饰a course，该从句本身是and 连接两个分句构成的并列结构，两个分句分别讲到有关老师和学生的情况。
2021年6月英语四级阅读难句解析(9)
2021年6月英语四级阅读难句解析(9)As the words begin to flow, the ideas will come out from the shadows and let themselves be captured on your notepad or your screen. (07.6 Passage 2)分析主干：the ideas will come out and let themselves be captured...句首的as 引导时间状语从句。
主句部分是复合谓语，有两个由and 连接的并列谓语。
译文：随着话语开始流淌，思想也会逐渐明朗化，使自己呈现在你的笔记本或者屏幕上。
While she awaits the outcome, the government has granted her permission to work here and she has returned to her job at Ben & Jerry‘s. (06.6 Passage 2)分析主干：the government has granted her permission and she has returned to...While 引导时间状语从句。
本句主句是由and 连接两个分句构成的并列句，两个分句都用了现在完成时，与状语从句的一般现在时对照来看，表明主句中的两个动作都是在await 期间完成。
grant 后面接了双宾语，间接宾语是her，直接宾语是permission。
译文：在她等待结果出来期间，政府给予她在美国的工作许可，她已经返回到她在Ben & Jerry 冰激凌连锁店的工作岗位。
Because I know very little about farm animals who use tools or angels who go to first grade, I had to accept the fact thatI was co-opting (借用) my daughter‘s experience. (07.12 Passage2)分析主干：I had to accept the fact...Because 引导原因状语从句。
2021年6月大学英语四级长难句 分词和从句
2021年6月大学英语四级长难句分词和从句ExerciseBeing very short of money and wanting to do something useful, I applied, fearing as I did so, that without a degree and with no experience in teaching my chances of getting the job were slim.Rich bodies were carefully wrapped in yards of cloth, leaving diamond-shaped spaces which were decorated with precious stones and pieces of gold.He merely swallows this theory because there is something about that appeals to the twentieth-century mentality.要点:主句为" I applied"."Being...and wanting..."为分句短语作原因状语,"fearing"为分词作伴随状语.that引导的从句为"fearing"的宾语从句.译文:我因为手头很拮据,同时也想干点有用的事,于是便提出了申请,但是提出申请时我也担心:自己一无学位二无教学经验,得到这份工作的可能性是微乎其微的.要点:分词短语"leaving diamond-shaped spaces..."在句子中作补充说明状语.定语从句"which were decorated with precious stones and pieces of gold" 修饰"space".译文:富有人的尸体用成匹的布料细心地包裹起来,留出一块钻石形状的空间用宝石及碎金将其装饰好.要点:本句中because引导的是原因状语从句.省略了主语that/which的定语从句"appeals to..."修饰something. "there be +n..."结构是一种表达法.译文:他丝毫不加怀疑地接受这一理论,只是因为这一理论中有一种迎合20世纪的精神力量.ExcriseSomeone with a history of doing more rather than less will go into old age more congnitively sound than someone who has not had an active mind.When building space on the ground becomes scarce use must be made of the space in the air.When a consumer finds that an item she or he bought is faulty or in some way does not live up to the manufacturer's claim for it, the first step is to present the warranty or any other records which might help, at the store of purchase.要点：句首的someone后有介词短语with a history of doing more rather than less 对其进行修饰。
2021年6月英语四级阅读难句解析(6)
2021年6月英语四级阅读难句解析(6)Its strategy rests on two beliefs: first, a global product offers economies of scale with which local brands cannot compete, and second, consumers in the 21st century are drawn to "global" as a concept. (06.1 Passage 1)主干：Its strategy rests (on...)主句用了rest on短语。
冒号后的first...and second...用以解释说明冒号前的two beliefs，可以看做是该名词短语的同位成分。
with which引导定语从句修饰economies of scale(规模经济)。
句末的be drawn to表示“为...所吸引”，as a concept介词短语作global的后置定语，“作为概念的全球化”，或“全球化概念”。
译文：公司的策略基于两个信念：首先，全球性的产品能够提供地方品牌无法与之竞争的规模经济；其次，21世纪的消费者认可“全球”这个概念。
Another method by which people appear to apologize without actually doing so is to say "I'm sorry you're upset"; this suggests that you are somehow at fault for allowing yourself to get upset by what the other person has done. (06.1 Passage 2)主干：Another method...is to say...; this suggests that...本句是由分号间隔的两个分句构成的并列句。
2021年6月英语四级阅读难句解析(11)
2021年6月英语四级阅读难句解析(11)While many good and useful claims are being made, it is clear there is a long way to go in ensuring shoppers are adequately informed about the environmental impact of the products they buy. (05.6 Passage 2)分析主干：it is clear that...句首的While 引导让步状语从句，“尽管”......。
it is clear......中，it 是形式主语，省略连接词that 的从句there is...才是句子的真正主语。
in ensuring...是there be 句型的状语成分，“在确保......方面”。
ensuring 后面接的是省略that 的宾语从句。
译文：虽然有许多好而有用的声明，但是，很明显，要确保购买者完全知晓所购产品对环境的影响还需要很长的时间。
While you need to employ both to get to a finished result, they cannot work in parallel no matter how much we might like to think so. (07.6 Passage 2)分析主干：they cannot work...While 引导让步状语从句，“尽管......”。
从句中的employ 表示“采用”，不定式to get...作目的状语。
work in parallel“并行不悖地起作用”。
no matter how 也引导让步状语从句，表示“无论多么......”。
译文“尽管要完成定稿这两种思维都不可或缺，可是它们却不能并行着参与写作过程-----无论我们多么认为原本如此。
长难句1--复杂修饰成分
长难句阅读技巧: 抓主干主谓宾(n v n)主系表(nv adj)1、去掉复杂修饰成分(通常是后置的修饰成分)(1)介词短语Inheritors of some of the viewpoints of early twentieth-century Progressive historians such as Beard and Becker, these recent historians have put forward arguments which deserve evaluation.(inheritors have put forward arguments)作为二十世纪早期“进步派”史学家(如Beard和Becker)等人某些观点的继承者,这些近期的史学家所提出的观点值得我们予以评价。
Practice:Ukraine high court rejects the appeal by ex-prime Minister against her conviction for abuse of authority.(2)修饰性从句、名词性从句A very specialized feeding adaptation in microorganisms is that ofthe tadpole-like appendicularia who lives in a walnut-sized or smaller balloon of mucus equipped with filters that capture and concentrate pasture.(an adaptation is that)在微小动物中一个非常专业的捕食适应特征是一个蝌蚪状鱼纲的特征(这种鱼住在一个核桃大小或者更小点的粘液壳里,这种壳配有能捕获草食的功能器)Practice:The common belief of some linguists that each language is aperfect vehicle for the thoughts of the nation speaking it is in some ways the exact counterpart of the conviction of the Manchester school of economics that supply and demand will regulate everything for the best.(3)非谓语动词Our first studies sought to determine whether the increase in serotonin observed in rats given a large injection of the amino acid tryptophan might also occur after rats ate meals that change tryptophan levels in the blood.(studies sought to determine whether the increase in serotonin might also occur)H与G的研究(通过测量实验室中单个浮游动物物种的吃食率并随后运用已知的食草物种种群密度来计算野外环境下种群的吃食率的方法来)评估了自然环境下种群的喂养率Practice:Moreover, arguments pointing out the extent of both structural and functional differences between eukaryotes and true bacteria convincedmany biologists that the precursors of the eukaryotes must have diverged from the common ancestor before the bacteria arose.(4)长的形容词成分The idea of an autonomous discipline called “ philosophy”distinct from and sitting in judgment on such pursuits as theology and science turns out, on close examination, to be of quite recent origin.(The idea turns out to be of quite recent origin).细作审视,我们便不难发现,一种被称为“哲学”的独立学科——既有别于神学和科学诸般学科,并高高在上地对其予以评判——的思想,其渊源却是甚为近期的事Practice:随堂练习:1.There have been attempts to explain these taboos in terms ofinappropriate social relationships between those who are involved and those who are not simultaneously involved in the satisfaction ofa bodily need, or between those already satiated and those whoappear to be shamelessly gorging.2.The Italian influence is likely, whatever Valdez’s immediate source:the Mexican carpas themselves are said to have originated from the theater pieces of a sixteenth-century Spanish writer inspired by encounters with Italian commedia dell’arte troupe on tour in Spain.3.That each large firm will act with consideration of its own needs andthus avoid selling its products for more than its competitors’ charge is commonly recognized by advocates of free-market economic theories.作业:要求:划出下列句子成分,并翻译成中文。
2021年6月CET4备考长难句 分割结构解题技巧
2021年6月CET4备考长难句分割结构解题技巧含有分隔结构的复杂句通常是指那些句子结构主谓、谓宾、宾补之间存有着其他成分。
而有时这些介入成分又较长，从而使本来应该紧联在一起得句子成分被分隔开了。
另外还有一种分隔结构是同位语和定语同它们所修饰得成分分隔，因为作同位语和作定语得句子太长，而后面得部分又太短，为了保证全句意思表达得完整性常常把同位语或定语放到句子最后，形成分隔得结构。
一般来说分隔结构本身不难辨认，但当句子较长，成分较多，被分隔得部分又相距较远时就容易造成理解障碍，而且常常被分隔得成分又恰恰是句子得主干。
所以准确判断分隔结构，理顺句子主干就成了理解这类句子得关键。
Exercise：We live in a time when, more than ever before in history, people are moving about.Evening had now come, the last of Adolf Hitler’s life.Several neighbors hope to find safety in the only bomb shelter on their street when an announcement comes over the radio that enemy missiles are approaching.要点分析和参考译文要点：定语从句“people are moving about”被比较状语“more than ever before in history”分隔。
此现象为“分隔定语”参考译文：我们生活在一个四处奔波甚于历任何时期得时代。
要点：the last of Adolf Hitler’s life 作为evening得同位语，因为比较长而放在了句子后面，使句子平衡。
参考译文：夜晚已经来临，这是阿道夫希特勒生命中最后的一个夜晚。
2021年四级考试阅读长难句过关(5)
2021年四级考试阅读长难句过关(5)除了上一章的并列结构，英语长句中另一个常用结构就是插入结构。
插入结构是在一个句子中某两个句子成分之间，如主谓，谓宾，定语和受定语等之间插入一个从句，短语或单词以对原来句子所表达的内容进行补充、添加、限定和说明。
有时一个句子会有多个从句，分词短语等存在，再加上插入成分，就会使得句子结构显得很复杂，不易分清各部分得成分，而造成阅读上得障碍。
插入成分最明显得标志是用逗号与主句隔开。
但有时由于多种句子成分的存在，句子中会使用多个逗号，分号，从而导致插入得成分不易一眼看出，以至出现理解错误。
本章我们就集中辨析这一类结构得句子。
ExerciseIt is, everyone agrees, a huge task that the child performs when he learn to speak, and the fact that he does so in so short a period of time challenges explanation.Do the constantly changing fashions of women’s clothes, one wonders, reflect basic qualities of inconstancy and instability?It was probably not until the 1880’s that man, with the help of more advanced steam locomotive, managed to reach a speed of one hundred mph (英里)要点分析和参考译文要点：“everyone agrees”为插入语。
“and”连结两个并列句，前一句为”it is … that”强调句型;后一分句”the fact”后为同位语从句”that he does so in so short a period of time”，因此，后一分句的主要部分为the fact challenges(需要)explanation 参考译文：每个人都同意孩子学说话确实是件困难的事，并且孩子能在这么短的时间里做到的确需要很好的解释才行。
2021年6月英语四级阅读理解长难句解析
【导语】不做“说话的巨⼈，⾏动的矮⼦”。
说再多的漂亮话，也不如做⼀件实实在在的漂亮事，⾏动永远是迈向成功的第⼀步，想永远只会在原地踏步。
对于考试⽽⾔亦是如此，每天进步⼀点点，基础扎实⼀点点，通过考试就会更容易⼀点点。
以下为“2021年6⽉英语四级阅读理解长难句解析”，欢迎阅读参考！更多相关讯息请关注！【篇⼀】2021年6⽉英语四级阅读理解长难句解析 ⼀、 Researchers documented claims of environmental friendliness made by about 2,000 products and found many too vague or too misleading to meet ISO standards. (05.6 Passage 2) 分析主⼲：Researchers documented claims and found... 句⼦的谓语含and 连接的两个动词。
前⼀个谓语动词documented 接宾语claims，该宾语含两个后置定语：of 引导的介词短语以及过去分词短语made by...。
后⼀个谓语动词是found，⽤了“find +宾语(many)+补语(too vague or too misleading)”结构。
too... to...“太......⽽不能”，短语不定式to meet...作结果状语。
译⽂：研究者记录下了约2000 种产品所做的环保声明，并发现许多声明要么太模糊，要么会引起误导。
结果都不符合ISO 的标准。
⼆、When next year's crop of high-school graduates arrive at Oxford University in the fall of 2009, they'll be joined by a new face: Andrew Hamilton, the 55-year-old provost (教务长) of Yale, who'll become Oxford's vice-chancellor—a position equivalent to university president in America. (09.12 Passage 2) 分析主⼲：they'll be joined by a new face... when...是时间状语从句.主句是被动语态,由by 引出动词join 的发出者a newface,其后的Andrew Hamilton 和the 55-year-old provost of Yale 都是a new face 的同位语。
2021年6月英语四级考试阅读长难句整理(9)
2021年6月英语四级考试阅读长难句整理(9)The attempt to make up lost ground iswelcome, but the nation would bebetter servedby steady, predictable increases in sciencefunding at the rate ofTong-term GDP growth, which is on the order of inflation plus 3 percentperyear.英语四级译文：尝试填补研究领域的空白是可喜的，但想要更好地服务国家，就应该使可预期的科学经费稳定地增长，增长速率要与长期国内生产总值增长速率同步，这相当于每年的通货膨胀率再加上3%。
四级词汇讲解：本句是由but连接的并列句，句子的主干是attempt is welcome, but nation would beserved。
inscience funding为increases的后置定语，at the rate of long-term GDPgrowth是状语;which引导的是the rate of long-term GDP growth 的非限制性定语从句。
make up此处的意思是“弥补”。
如：You have to make up the time you wasted yesterday. 你得把昨天浪费的时间补回来。
at the rate of的意思是“以……的速度或比率”。
如：The factory produced cars at the rate of 100 per week.工厂以每周100辆的速度生产汽车。
on the order of的意思是“相似于，大约”。
如:The impact of Internet market is on the order of the traditional market.互联网市场的影响与传统市场相似。
2021年6月英语四级真题阅读长难句分析整理
2021年6月英语四级真题阅读长难句分析整理自己整理的2021年6月英语四级真题阅读长难句分析整理相关文档，希望能对大家有所帮助，谢谢阅读！1.斯科特哈恩是罗根和卢姆斯州的格雷戈里的联合创始人，该公司使用全有机棉，他说高质量的可持续材料仍然是个难题。
罗根和卢姆斯特的格雷戈里的联合创始人斯科特哈恩说，高质量的可持续材料仍然很难找到。
(2009年6月)【分析】本句为复合句，主干为斯科特哈恩说…高质量的可持续发展…找到为说的宾语哪个引导的非限制性定语从句使用全有机棉修饰的是罗根和卢姆斯特。
格雷戈里的联合创始人为斯科特哈恩的同位语。
【译文】斯科特哈恩与格雷戈里（男子名古代罗马教皇之名)同为使用全有机棉的罗根和卢姆斯州公司的创始人，他声称，高质量的可持续使用面料仍然很难寻觅到。
2.他说：”大多数有现成标签的设计师发现，没有可比的面料可以取代你正在做的和你的顾客已经习惯的东西。
”(2009年6月)【分析】本句为复合句，主干为大多数设计师…都发现…没有…习惯为省略了那的宾语从句那个。
引导的定语从句那只能取代……修饰织物。
什么引导的两个宾语从句你在做什么和你的顾客习惯什么作取代的宾语。
【译文】他说，”大多数现有品牌设计师发现，并没有匹配的面料能代替你正用着的和顾客们已经适应的面料。
”3.去年，颇具影响力的贸易展设计师代理停止向年轻的绿色企业家收取参展费（企业家)参加了在洛杉矶和纽约举行的两次春季时装秀，并对那些至少有25%可持续收藏的设计师给予了特别的认可。
(2009年6月)【分析】本句为复合句，主干为…设计师代理停止收费…并给予特别认可…谁引导的定语从句谁参加它的…约克修饰企业家，谁的引导的定语从句谁的收藏是……可持续的修饰设计师。
【译文】去年，颇具影响力的设计师代理对参加其在洛杉矶和纽约举办的两次春季展览的年轻环保企业家们实行免费入场，同时给予那些作品中包括至少四分之一可持续产品的设计师们以特别表彰。
4.本周，沃尔玛将宣布一项重大举措，旨在帮助棉农组织起来，它将购买过渡性的（过渡型的)棉花在4。
2021年6月英语四级阅读理解长难句精析
2021年6月英语四级阅读理解长难句精析【导语】梦想在前方，努力在路上。
对于考生来说，拿到证书就是我们向往的远方。
以下是“年月英语四级阅读理解长难句精析”，欢迎阅读参考！更多相关讯息请关注！【篇一】年月英语四级阅读理解长难句精析The reverse flow, from developed todeveloping countries, is on the rise,too.原文译文：从发达国家到发展中国家的逆向流动也有所增长。
四级词汇讲解：本句的主干是flow is on the rise。
from developedto developing countries为句子的插入语，起到对主语reverse flow的补充说明作用。
reverse flow意为“逆流”。
on the rise的意思是“在上升，在增长”：如：Dividends are on the rise, prices are on the rise and pressure will only continue to rise.分红在增加，价格在上升，而压力也只会继续增大。
英语四级考点归纳：插入语即句子中间插入的一部分，不充当任何句子成分，也不和句子成分发生结构关系，同时既不起连接作用，也不表示语气。
插入语大致分为以下几类:※用简短的句子结构作插入语，常见的有：I think, I hope,I guess,I believe,I suppose, I wonder, I tell you,I say, I'm afraid, I'sure,you see, you know, as youknow, that is, that is to say, what's more等，可以置于句中或句尾。
如：This diet,I think, will do good to your health.这类饮食，我感觉会有益于你的健康。
英语四级四级长难句
四级长难句分析在大学英语四级考试的阅读理解中，我们经常会遇到一些长而难的句子。
长难句通常含有较多、较长的修饰成分、并列成分或从句。
长难句的丰富内容和复杂结构往往会导致理解的困难。
理解长难句的关键是了解长难句的类型，理清句子成分，抓住句子中的关键部分。
首先我们先来了解制造长句的几个要点一词汇：核心词汇+普通词汇二语法结构1．从句：定语、同位语、表语、宾语、状语2．并列结构3．插入语4．倒装5．强调6．省略：分词作定语，独立主格结构2008-61．But the real truth is that we don't know enough to relieve global warming, and —— without major technological breakthroughs —— we can't do much about it.2. The trouble with the global warming debate is that it has become a moral problem when it's really an engineering one.3．Privacy economist Alessandro Acauisti has run a series of tests that reveal people w ill surrender personal information like Social Security numbers just to get their hands on a pitiful 50-cents-off coupon(优惠卷)4. The digital bread crumbs(碎屑) you leave everywhere make it easy for strangers to re construct who you are, where you are and what you like.2007-124．The story about a fearful angel starting first grade was quickly “guided” by me into the tale of a little girl with a wild imagination taking her first music lesson.5. Because I know very little about farm animals who use tools or angels who go to first grade, I had to accept the fact that I was co-opting my daughter’s experience.6. While stepping back was difficult for me, it was certainly a good first step that I will quickly follow with more steps, putting myself far enough away to give her room but close enough to help if asked.2007-67. While you need to employ both to get to a finished result, they cannot work in parallel no matter how much we might like to think so.8. Trying to criticize writing on the fly is possibly the single greatest barrier to writing that most of us encounter. If you are listening to that 5th grade English teacher correct your grammar while you are trying to capture a fleeting (稍纵即逝的) thought, the thought will die. If you capture the fleeting thought and simply share it with the world in raw form, no one is likely to understand. You must learn to create first and then criticize if you want to make writing the tool for thinking that it is.9. The practice that can help you past your learned bad habits of trying to edit as you write is what Elbow calls “free writing.”10. As the words begin to flow, the ideas will come from the shadows and let themselves be captured on your notepad or your screen.11. Now you have raw materials that you can begin to work with using the critical mind that you’ve persuaded to sit on the side and watch quietly.12. Most likely, you will believe that this will take more time than you actually have and you will end up staring blankly at the pages as the deadline draws near.13. There was a time in my life when people asked constantly for stories about what it’s like towork in a field dominated by men.14. Sometimes, when I was pushed into an argument on left brain versus (相对于) right brain, or nature versus nurture (培育), I would instantly fight fiercely on my behalf and all womankind.15. Then one day a few years ago, out of my mouth came a sentence that would eventually become my reply to any and all provocations: I don’t talk about that anymore.16. It took me 10 years to get back the confidence I had at 19 and to realize that I didn’t want to deal with gender issues.2006-1217. In fact, New York’s municipal w ater for more than a century was called the champagne of tap water and until recently considered among the best in the world in terms of both taste and purity.18. Similarly, a magazine in England found that tap water from the Thames River tasted better than several leading brands of bottled water that were 400 times more expensive.19. According to an article in The Street Journal, some of the more shameless tactics include placing attractive bottles on the table for a visual sell, listing brands on the menu without prices, and pouring bottled water without even asking the diners if they want it.20. Regardless of how it’s sold, the popularity of bottled water taps into our desire for better health, our wish to appear cultivated, and even a longing for lost purity.21. As we have seen, the focus of medical care in our society has been shifting from curing disease to preventing disease—especially in terms of changing our many unhealthy behaviors, such as poor eating habits, smoking, and failure to exercise.22. Imagine a person who is about the right weight, but does not eat very nutritious foods, who feels OK but exercises only occasionally, who goes to work every day, but is not an outstanding worker, who drinks a few beers at home most nights but does not drive while drunk, and who has no chest pains or abnormal blood counts, but sleeps a lot and often feels tired.23. The field of medicine has not traditionally distinguished between someone who is merely “not ill” and someone who is in excellent health and pays attention to the body’s special needs.24. In recent years, however, some health specialists have begun to apply the terms “well” and “wellness” only to those who are actively striving to maintain and improve their health.25. Even people who have a physical disease or handicap (缺陷) may be “well,” in this new sense, if they make an effort to maintain the best possible health they can in the face of their physical limitations.26. And by focusing attention on healthy ways of living, the concept of wellness can have abeneficial impact on the ways in which people face the challenges of daily life.2006-627. But Hancock says it is also crucial whether a conversation is being recorded and could be reread, and whether it occurs in real time.28. Many immigrants in Salt Lake City were angered by the arrests and said they felt as if they were being treated like disposable goods.▲29. We’re saying we want you to work in these places, we’re going to look the other way in terms of what our laws are, an d then when it’s convenient for us, or when we can try to make a point in terms of national security, especially after Sept. 11, then you’re disposable.30. If Sept. 11 had never happened, the airport workers would not have been arrested and could have gone on quietly living in America, probably indefinitely.2006-6旧31．Women’s education may be unusual territory for economists, but enhancing women’s contribution to development is actually as much an economic as a social issue.32．Parents in low-income countries fail to invest in their daughters because they do not expect them to make an economic contribution to the family: girls grow up only to marry into somebody else’s family and bear children.33．Girls are thus seen as less valuable than boys and art kept at home to do housework while their brothers are sent to school-the prophecy (预言) becomes self-fulfilling, trapping women in a vicious circle of neglect.34．She is likely to have fewer but healthier children and can insist on the development of all her children, ensuring that her daughters are given a fair chance.35．The car is fitted with a remote immobiliser (锁止器), and a radio signal from a control centre miles away will ensure that once the thief switches the engine off, he will not be able to start it again.36．Modern cars are far tougher to steal, as their engine management computer won’t allow them to start unless they receive a unique ID code beamed out by the ignition (点火) key.2005-1237．While here’s on question that continuous stress is ha rmful, several studies suggest that challenging situations in which you’re able to rise to the occasion can be good for you.38．In a 2001 study of 158 hospital nurses, those who faced considerable work demands but coped with the challenge were more likely to say they were in good health than those who felt they get the job done.39. Then there is the general, all covering apology, which avoids the necessity of identifying a specific act that was particularly hurtful or insulting, and which the person who is apologizing should promise never to do again.40. Parents who wish to teach their children to apologize should see it as a sign of strength, and therefore not resort to these pseudo-apologies.实战演练1．But the research paper also gives you a chance to individualize a school assignment, to suit a piece of work to your own interests and abilities, to show others what you can do.2.To determine the consequences of sleep deficit, researchers have put subjects through aset of psychological and performance tests requiring them, for instance, to add columns of numbers or recall a passage read to them only minutes earlier.3.Recent stories in the newspapers and magazines suggest that teaching and researchcontradict each other, that research plays too prominent a part in academic promotions, and that teaching is badly underemphasized.4.House had to be sited “within easy walking distance of the railroad station,” as some oldresidents would point out; and only those wealthy enough to afford a horse and a carriage dared to penetrate farther into the open country.5.White collar workers doing routine work in government offices are, however, as likely tohave shrinking brains as the farm worker, bus driver and shop assistant.6.But you must know that different nations have different ways of looking at things, and youwill therefore not be offended if your ideas of this kind of education happen not to be the same as yours.7.College graduates are selling shoes and driving taxis; college students interfere with eachother’s experiments and write false letters of recommendation in the intense competition for admission to graduate school.8.This means that no sooner has he got used to one routine than he has to change to another,so that much of his time is spent neither working nor sleeping very efficiently.9.The recent growth of export surpluses on the world food market has certainly beenunexpectedly great, partly because a strange sequence of two successful grain harvests.10.It would have amazed the brightest minds of the 18th century Enlightenment (启蒙运动) tobe told by any of us how little we know and how bewildering seems the way ahead.11. All high school graduates ought to go, says conventional wisdom and statistical evidence, because college will help them earn more m oney, become “better” people, and learn to be more responsible citizens than those who don’t go.12. The shops are overstocked with food not only because there is more food available, but also because people, frightened by high prices, are buying less of it.13. Scientists, like other human beings, have their hopes and fears, their passions and disappointments and their strong emotions may sometimes interrupt the course of clear thinking and sound practice.14. Already today, less than forty years later, as computers are relieving us of more and more of the routine tasks in business and in our personal lives, we are faced with a less dramatic but also less foreseen problem.15. This is the research finding of a team of Japanese doctors, who say that most of our brains are not getting enough exercise—and as a result, we are ageing unnecessarily soon.二、总结——长难句分析步骤1、首先确定句子是简单句、复合句或并列句。
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2021年6月大学英语四级长难句复杂的修饰成分式
复杂的修饰成分式
四级阅读中最常见的就是以这种增加句子修饰成分为手段而构成的长难句。
其中以增加从句和非谓语动词为主。
而在具体的阅读与翻译过程中，应当先将这些修饰成分取掉，来看句子的主干意思。
例如：At the early attempts,the cable failed and when it was taken out for repairs it was found to be covered in living growths,a fact which defied contemporary scientific opinion that there was no life in the deeper parts of the sea.(1990.1) 在早期的尝试中,电缆铺设失败了。
当它被拿出来修理的时候,发现上面布满了生物,这样一个事实的发现挑战了当代海洋底下没有生命的科学观点.
这个句子比较典型。
其一，它出现了三种主要从句：时间状语从句、定语从句和同位语从句。
时间状语从句由when引导，而主句是it was found to be covered in living growths和afact。
而a fact 之后又由which引导了一个定语从句，用来修饰a fact。
在这个定语从句中，不难发现，在scientific opinion之后又跟了一个同位语从句。
在阅读的时候可以先取掉这个句子中的所有修饰成分，于是在这个从句套从句的长难句中，句子的主干实际上就是the cable failed and it was found to be covered in living growths,and a
fact。
其二，正确的区分和理解以that引导的定语从句和同位语从句的差别在阅读中显得尤为重要。
如例子中这个句子scientific opinion之后的部分，它到底是定语从句对前面的关键词起修饰限定作用?还是同位语从句起补充说明作用呢?为了便于区分，可以通过观察that之后的句子成分进行判断，即：that之后的部分如果句子结构完整则为同位语从句，如果不完整(主语或宾语缺失)则为定语从句。
Tracking whales is but one example of an exciting new world just opening to civilian scientists after the cold war as the Navy starts to share and partly uncover its global network of underwater listening system built over the decades to track the ships of potential enemies.(2002.6)
追踪蓝鲸只不过是冷战后那个刚刚对民间科学家开放的令人振奋的世界的一角，因为美国海军为追踪潜在敌舰而在数十年里建立的全球水下监听系统开始与人分享并做了部分解密与公开。
这个句子的重点在于对黑体字单词在句中性质及其作用的判定。
这些以ing或ed结尾，时而又跟在to之后的动词叫做非谓语动词。
顾名思义，他们在句子中的作用并不是做谓语而只相当于一个名词或做修饰限定的成分。
就像这个句子中，真正的谓语动词只有两个，分别是is和as后原因状语从句中的starts。
在取掉所有修饰成分后，不难看出句子的主干为tracking whales is one example as the navy starts to share and uncover its global network of underwater
listening system.。