综合英语一上册第六课lessonsix

综合英语一上册第六课lessonsixLesson sixHow Dictionaries Are MadeIt is widely believed that every word has a correct meaning, that we learn these meaning mainly from teacher and grammars, and that dictionaries and grammar books are the highest authority. in matters of meaning and usage, Few people ask by what authority the writers of dictionaries and grammars say what they say. I once got into an argument with an woman over the pronunciation of a word and offered to look it up in the dictionary. The English woman said firmly,“what for? I am English. I was born and brough t up in England. The way I speak is English.” Such confidence about one’s own language is not uncommon among the English. In the United States, however anyone who is willing to quarrel with the dictionary is regarded as out of his mind.Useful ExpressionsOffer to do sth. 主动提出做某事Bring up 抚养,养大Quarrel with (sb.) 与某人争吵Be out of one’s mind 疯了Begin with 以…….开始Huge/great amount of 大量的(不可数)A (large) number of 大量的(可数)According to 按照That is to say 也就是说From……to 从……..到Regard……as 看做,当做Set up 制定Provide sth. For sb. 给某人提供某物Look up 查字典/拜访某人Please look up the new word in your dictionary.If you don’t know the word, look it up in the dictionary.I looked up a classmate when I went to Shanghai.What for 为什么You are leaving us? What for?What are you studying German for?He knows clearly what he has come here for.Arrive atThe two parties finally arrived at an agreement in the end.Apply to 适用于This law does not apply to foreign companies.Divide up (between/ among) 分配,分享,分担they don’t know hwo to divide up the workbase on /upon 以….为基础.把基础….放在this film I based on a novel by a famous writer.Word ListWidely 广泛的,普遍的Mainly 主要地Grammar 语法书,语法Authority 权威著作,学术权威Usage (词语的)惯用法Argument 争论,争辩,争吵Firmly 坚定地,坚决地Confidence 把握,自信心Uncommon 不普通的,不寻常的Edit 编辑Editing 编辑Define 给(词语等)下定义Definition (词语等的)定义Firsthand 第一手的,直接的existing 现存的,目前的,现行的amount 数量literature文献,文学subject 题目,题材,主题occupy 占(时间,空间,场所等) decade 10年alphabetical 按字母表顺序的sorting 整理,分类illustrate (用例子等)说明represent 体现,典型地反映,代表carefully 仔细地,聚精会神地hard-and-fast (规则等)不可改变的influence 影响,堆…..起作用given 特定的ruling 占指导地位的,统治的statement 陈述,声明record 记录various 各种各样的,不同的author 著作家,作家historical 历史学家,史学工作者lawgiver 拟定法典者,立法者scatter 撒播guide 引导,指导bind 约束,束缚invention 发明(物),创造(物)In the United States, however, anyone who is willing to quarrel with the dictionary regarded as out of his mind Oxford English dictionaryThey are arranged in alphabetical orderCouldn’t have done sth. 表示过去不可能做成某事Translate1)和这种人交朋友,你简直是疯了You are out of your mind if you make friends with this kind of man.2)偷东西被认为是很坏的事Stealing is regarded as a bad thing.3)就这件事你们做出了什么样的决定?What decision have you made in matters of this?4)这些规定对6岁以下的孩子不适用These rules can not apply to the children under six.5)他常常为儿子的教育问题和妻子吵架He is always quarreling with his wife over the ch ild’s education.6)这些名字是按字母顺序排列的These names are arranged in alphabetical order.7)据他说,钱被几家公司平均瓜分了He said that the money was divided up among a few companies8)你的计划是以什么为依据的?What does your plan base on ?9)对这些工人应该按其劳动的多少来付酬.These workers should be paid by according to the amount they have done.10)下周从星期一到星期五我都会很忙.I will be quite busy from Monday to Friday next week11)学英语从基础(abc)开始.Learning English begins with ABC12)我从来没有听说过这个人I have never learned of this man13)学生们因自己的那些可笑的错误而发笑The students laughed over their foolish mistakes.14)他正在找一个更好的工作.He is looking for a better job, to the best of his abilityThat man stood up and went out.He is an excellent player and never gives upHe has thrown away his old jacketI turned on my radioThe French guest arrived in Beijing on MondayShe is taking care of his sick father.Susan is not getting along well with her classmates.We will get off at next bus stop.1)How do people generally look upon dictionaries? In the United States if a person does notagree with the dictionary how is he or she looked upon?Generally, people look upon dictionaries and grammar books as the highest authority in matters of meaning and usage.In the united States, anyone who is willing to quarrel with the dictionary is regarded as out of his mind.2)You didn’t know how dictionaries were made before you read the text, did you? The writingof a dictionary is not a small job, is it? There is an easy way, isn’t there? That isn’t really dictionary writing, is it?I didn’t know how dictionari es were made before reading the text. The writing of a dictionary is not a small job. There is no easy way. If there is an easy way , it will not be the real dictionary writing.3) What is the first step in making a dictionary?The task of writing a dictionary begins with reading huge amounts of the literature of the period of subject that the dictionary is to cover.4) do editors copy on cards as they read?As the editors read, they copy on cards every words in their ordinary uses, and also the sentences in which each of these words appears.5)what do they do after millions of cards are collected?As the cards are collected, they are arranged in alphabetical order.6)how many sentences are usually collected to illustrate a word?There will be for each word anywhere from two or three to several hundred sentences that illustrate the meaning and use ofa word.7)what rule does the editor follow when he writes definitions? What should he not do ?The editor follows the hard_and _fast rule that each definition must be based on what the sentences in front of him show about the meaning of the word.The editor cannot be influenced by what he thinks a given word ought to mean.8)how does the author define dictionary writing ? what is a dictionary writer according to the author? And what is he or she not?The writing of a dictionary is not a task of setting up ruling statements about the “true meanings”of words, but a task of recording, to the best of one’s ability, what various words have meant to authors in the distant or immediate past.The writer of a dictionary is a historian, not a lawgiver.9)Why is it wrong to regard the dictionary as an “authority”?To regard the dictionary as an “authority” is to look upon the dictionary writer as being able to see into the future, which neither he nor anyone else can do.10)Why should we not be bound by the dictionary in choosing our words?We should not be bound by the dictionary because new situations, new experiences, new inventions, new feelings are always making us give new uses to old words.11)What dictionary do you usually use? Do you think it a good one? Why/why not?I usually use the oxford English Dictionary. I think it a good one because it has a lot of meanings in it, and each word is given Chinese meanings and English interpretations.12) what do you think you can learn from the text about learning a foreign language? What have you learned?We should not regard the dictionary as an authority. Weshould not be bound by the dictionary as each word is changing with the times.。