步进电机原理及发展方向

目录

摘要 (1)

英文摘要 (2)

一．简述 (3)

二．步进电机的工作原理 (3)

三．步进电机的分类 (3)

1.永磁式步进电机 (3)

2.反应式步进电机 (3)

3.混合式步进电机 (4)

四．步进电机的基本原理 (4)

(一)反应式步进电机 (4)

（二）感应子式步进电机 (4)

五．步进电机的一些参数 (6)

1.电机固有步距角 (6)

2.步进电机的相数 (6)

3.保持转矩（HOLDING TORQUE） (6)

六．步进电机的特点 (6)

七．步进电机的驱动系统 (7)

八．步进电机的主要特性 (8)

九．步进电机与伺服电机的区别 (8)

1. 控制精度不同 (8)

2. 低频特性不同 (8)

3. 矩频特性不同 (8)

4..过载能力不同 (9)

5..运行性能不同 (9)

6.速度响应性能不同 (9)

十．步进电机的发展方向 (9)

总结 (11)

参考文献 (12)

有关机械专业方面英语范文 (13)

有关机械专业方面英语范文译文 (15)

摘要

步进电机最早是在1920年由英国人所开发。1950年后期晶体管的发明也逐渐应用在步进电机上，这对于数字化的控制变得更为容易。以后经过不断改良，使得今日步进电机已广泛运用在需要高定位精度、高分解性能、高响应性、信赖性等灵活控制性高的机械系统中。在生产过程中要求自动化、省人力、效率高的机器中，我们很容易发现步进电机的踪迹，尤其以重视速度、位置控制、需要精确操作各项指令动作的灵活控制性场合步进电机用得最多。步进电机作为执行元件，是机电一体化的关键产品之一, 广泛应用在各种自动化控制系统中。随着微电子和计算机技术的发展，步进电机的需求量与日俱增，在各个国民经济领域都有应用。

步进电机是将电脉冲信号变换成角位移或直线位移的执行部件。步进电机可以直接用数字信号驱动，使用非常方便。一般电动机都是连续转动的，而步进电动机则有定位和运转两种基本状态，当有脉冲输入时步进电动机一步一步地转动，每给它一个脉冲信号，它就转过一定的角度。步进电动机的角位移量和输入脉冲的个数严格成正比，在时间上与输入脉冲同步，因此只要控制输入脉冲的数量、频率及电动机绕组通电的相序，便可获得所需的转角、转速及转动方向。在没有脉冲输入时，在绕组电源的激励下气隙磁场能使转子保持原有位置处于定位状态。因此非常适合于单片机控制。步进电机还具有快速启动、精确步进和定位等特点，因而在数控机床，绘图仪，打印机以及光学仪器中得到广泛的应用。步进电动机已成为除直流电动机和交流电动机以外的第三类电动机。传统电动机作为机电能量转换装置，在人类的生产和生活进入电气化过程中起着关键的作用。步进电机可以作为一种控制用的特种电机，利用其没有积累误差(精度为100%)的特点，广泛应用于各种开环控制。本文详细介绍了步进电机的原理，特点及发展方向。

关键词：步进电机脉冲步距角

Abstract

Stepper motor was first in 1920, developed by the British. Late in 1950 the invention of the transistor is gradually applied to stepper motors, which control for digital easier. Future through continuous improvement, makes today's stepper motors have been widely used in the need for high positioning accuracy, high decomposition performance, highly responsive, flexible and controlled such as high reliability of mechanical systems. Require automation in the production process, the provincial manpower and high efficiency of the machine, we are easy to find traces of the stepper motor, especially emphasis on speed, position control requires Jingquecaozuo the flexible movement of the Zhi Ling controlled stepper motor Yong occasions the most. Stepper motors as actuators, electromechanical integration is one of the key products, widely used in a variety of automatic control systems. With the development of microelectronics and computer technology, increasing demand for stepper motors, all applications in all areas of the national economy.

Stepper motor is converted into electric pulse signals the angular displacement or linear displacement of the implementation of the components. Stepper motor can be driven directly by digital signal, easy to use. General Motors is a continuous rotation, and stepper motors have two basic positioning and operation of the state, when the input pulse stepper motor rotating step by step, each to give it a pulse signal, it turned a certain angle. Stepper motor angular displacement and the number of strictly proportional to the input pulse in time synchronization with the input pulse, so as long as the control input pulse number, frequency and phase sequence of energized motor windings can get the corner, speed and direction of rotation. In the absence of pulse input, the power of the excitation winding

air-gap magnetic field can maintain their position in positioning the rotor state. So it is suitable for SCM. Stepper motor also features quick start, precise stepping and positioning, etc., which in CNC machine tools, plotters, printers, and optical instruments are widely used. In addition to stepping motor has become a DC motor and AC motor other than the third type of motor. Conventional motor as electrical and mechanical energy conversion device, in human life into the electrification process of production and plays a key role. Stepper motor control can be used as a special motor, its no accumulation of error (accuracy of 100%), which is widely used in various open-loop control. This paper describes the principle of stepper motors, characteristics and development.

Key words: step angle stepper motor pulse