高二英语牛津英语模块5 unit1 Grammar
英语 教学课例 GrammarThe Past Participle as the Attribute and Predicative
教学课例Module 5 Unit 1 Great ScientistsGrammar The Past Participle as the Attribute and Predicative教学设计一、教材分析(The analysis of teaching material)本节课的授课内容为人教版高中必修五第一单元的语法,这也是高中语法的一个重要内容:过去分词作定语和表语。
因为此前学生在初中阶段和高一阶段对此内容有所接触,所以在教学任务和活动的组织上,学生应该能积极参与并促进教学活动的顺利进行。
二、学情分析(The analysis of the students)本节课的授课对象为高二(15)班的全体同学。
高二(15)班的学生英语基础较差,但是大部分学生的思维活动很活跃并且合作精神也较强。
根据他们的这些特点,我将采用的教学模式不仅会体现新课标对于学生主体性作用全面实现的要求,并与我们学校提倡并贯彻的“绿色课堂”观念相贴切,即通过教师组织、引导学生通过发挥他们在课堂过程中的主体性的前提下,采用师生互动、生生互动的活动来实现我的教学目标并完成相应的教学任务。
三、教学目标(Teaching aims)1. Knowledge aimTo learn well about the usage of the past participle as the attribute and the predicative.2. Ability aimTo use the past participle as the attribute and predicative properly and correctly.3. Emotional aimTo encourage the students to like grammar learning.四、教学重难点(Teaching important and difficult points)1. How to enable the students to grasp the usage of the past participle as the attribute and the predicative.2. How to encourage the students to put what they have learned into good use.五、教学和学习方法(Teaching and learning methods)1. Task-based teaching and learning;2. Individual and cooperative learning;3. Brainstorming;六、教学辅助(Teaching aids)1.The multimedia;2.The learning paper;3.Other normal teaching tools七、教学过程(Teaching procedures)八、板书设计(Blackboard Design)课堂实录Step 1 GreetingStep 2 RevisionT: can you tell me what’s the grammar we learned in last unit?S: The usage of present participles.T: Good! We have learned the usage of present participles in last unit, so firstly, I’d like tolead you to have a revision about it . OK?S: OK!T: Now look at the screen, there are six sentences. Try to tell me what the underlined present participles are used for in these sentences? Clear?1.Walking in the street, he saw an old friend.2.Reading aloud is a good way in learning English.3.I tried to avoid making the same mistakes.4.I saw a boy getting on the bus.5.There is a swimming pool.6.The film we saw last night was very moving.S: Yes! They are used for adverbial/ subject/ object/ object complement/ attribute/ predicative/.(本部分用来复习上单元学习的现在分词的用法,从而引出非谓语的另一种形式----过去分词的用法)Step 3 warming-upT: Please take out your textbook and turn your book to page2 . Try to find out the sentences in the passage of where the past participles are used, and tell me what these past participles are used for? I will give you two minutes.( 2 mins later...)T: Have you finished it? What are these participles in the passage used for?S: Yes. They are used for the attribute and the predicative.(本部分通过从课文中找出含有过去分词作定语和表语的句子让学生对本节课的语法有着更直观的认识,从而有利于本节语法课的讲解。
牛津译林版高中英语必修5Unit 1Getting along with othersGrammar and Usage同步练习1译林版必修5
Module Five Unit OneGetting along with othersGrammar and UsageI. 翻译写出下列短语1. 劝说某人什么事_________________________________________________2. 劝说某人做/ 不做某事____________________________________________3. 他这个人容易被说服______________________________________________4. 我尽力劝说她戒酒,但最后徒劳______________________________________5. 小心做某事______________________________________________________6. 照顾; 照料;喜欢;爱好_____________________________________________7. 关心; 惦念;在意_________________________________________________8. 阻止某人做某事_________________________________________________9. 鼓励某人做某事_________________________________________________10. 请告诉我一切__________________________________________________11. 你在学校怎么样________________________________________________12. 我迫不急待地想见到你__________________________________________13. 我天天在网上聊天______________________________________________14. 假装做某事____________________________________________________15. 最好做了某事__________________________________________________ II.翻译下列句子1. 他的个性使他在班上很难与人相处.__________________________________________________________________ 2. 说实在的,我宁愿在家看电视,也不愿去打篮球,因为天气太热了.___________________________________________________________________ 3. 你最好不要让孩子晚上单独出门.___________________________________________________________________ 4. 那天晚上我什么也没有做,只是在家复习功课.___________________________________________________________________ 5. 我们期盼已久的一天终于来到了.___________________________________________________________________ 6. 她不喜欢当众被别人作弄.___________________________________________________________________ 7. 当心别喝多了.___________________________________________________________________ 8. 他因作弊而被老师处罚了.___________________________________________________________________ 9. 他说他明天早上六点起床,但他是绝对不会做到的.___________________________________________________________________ 10. 昨晚我走进他房间时, 他假装在看书.___________________________________________________________________11. 说到旅游, 你到过香港吗?___________________________________________________________________ 12. 由于有这样一个好的机会,他非常激动.___________________________________________________________________ III. 语法练习1.What is the way Lao Wang thought of _______ enough money to buy the house?A. to getB. gettingC. having gotD. being got2. Without fact, we can’t form a correct opinion, for we need to have actual knowledge __________ our thinking.A. which to be based onB. which to base onC. on which to baseD. which to base3. Tom pretended _________ it but in fact, he knew it very well.A. not listen toB. not to hear fromC. not to have heard aboutD. not to be listening to4. The man we followed suddenly stopped and looked as if _________ whether he was going in the right direction.A. seeingB. having seenC. to seeD. to have seen5. Hearing his words, I couldn’t decide __________ or remain.A. whether to go abroadB. if I go abroadC. if to go abroadD. to go abroad6. Lily’s mobile phone was left in a taxi accidentally, never _______ again.A. to findB. to be foundC. findingD. being found7. --- Tomorrow is a holiday. Why are you doing your homework?--- I’m doing this exercise now so that I won’t have ________ on Sunday.A. forB. themC. itD. to8. I did nothing all day but ________ to my friend who I haven’t seen for almost a year.A. writeB. to writeC. wroteD. writing9. Would you please ________ leave the door open? It’s too cold here.A. notB. not toC. to notD. don’t10. ---I hear that you and your parents are going to spend your summer vocation in Beijing.--- Yes, we’re planning _________.A. toB. to beC. itD. to do it11. I don’t think it wise ________ the hard work that they have refused to do.A. for you to take onB. of you to take onC. for you taking onD. of you taking on12. My father promised to give some money and _______ anything I want to.A. to allow me to buyB. allow me to buyC. promised to allow me to buyD. that I would ask them to buy13. He spoke English slowly and clearly in class _________ because they are all freshmen.A. so as to be understoodB. to be understoodC. so as to understandD. to understand14. ________ the truth, he is not an honest man we can believe in.A. I am to tellB. ToldC. TellingD. To tell15. ________ a long story short, he wanted to marry her and get a lot of money.A. MakeB. To makeC. Jack had made D Making16. --- Have you found out the telephone number I need?--- Yes, but ________, I have sat here for nearly a half hour.A. for finding it outB. to find it outC. for finding out itD. to find it out17. Though it is polluted a little, yet this city with a long history is still a good place ___________.A. in which to liveB. to live inC. to liveD. all the above are right18. We didn’t expect the plan we had made very carefully for them ______ so coldly.A. refusedB. to refuseC. to be refusedD. refusing19. _______ into the college, he had to work hard at all the subjects, some of which he didn’t like.A. In order to admitB. In order to be admittedC. So as to admitD. So as to be admitted20. She works ______ hard ______ catch up with the top students.A. so; as toB. very; as toC. so; toD. as; as to21. It was undeliverable that the fans waited outside the gym for three hours just _________ a look at the sports stars.A. hadB. havingC. to haveD. have22. _________ more about university courses, call (910) 746--- 5789 .A. To find outB. Finding outC. Find outD. Having found out23. All these gifts must be mailed immediately ________ in time for Christmas.A. in order to have receivedB. in order to receiveC. so as to be receivedD. so as to be receiving24. ---Manager, do you have something ________ at this moment?--- No, thanks. I’ll call you if any.A. to be typedB. to typeC. typingD. typed25. Mark _________ when he spoke ill of him.A. happened to be passedB. happened to be passing byC. happened passing byD. happened to pass26. Whom are you going to have _________ this letter for you?A. typeB. typedC. to typeD. been typing27. Alice stared angrily at the assistant and turned away, as though ______ out of the shop.A. goneB. wentC. would goD. to go28. _________ whether they will come or not.A. No one knowB. They can’t knowC. There is no tellingD. There is not telling29. Mr. White are determined to devote all he had to ________ some Hope Schools for the poor children in mountains.A. set upB. setting upC. having set upD. have set up30. _______ made all of us happy.A. Mary’s married JackB. Mary has been married JackC. Mary marrying JackD. Mary’s marrying Jack31.---Why were you late for work today again?--- _________ to the office was very slow this morning due to the traffic.A. To driveB. A driveC. I have been drivingD. Driving32. He was lucky to escape _______ to prison.A. being sentB. sendingC. to be sentD. sent33. John was caught _______ his neighbor’s apples the other day.A. to stealB. stealingC. having stolenD. to have stolen34. There is no point _______ to play the piano, unless you practice every day.A. to learnB. by learningC. in learningD. having learned35. I really appreciate ________ to help me , but I’m sure that I can manage by myself.A. you to offerB. which you offerC. that you are offeredD. your offering Ⅳ.完形填空An elderly carpenter was ready to retire. He told his employer of his 36 to leave the house building 37 and live a more leisurely life with his wife, 38 time with his extended family. He would 39 the pay, but he needed to retire. They could 40 .The employer was 41 to see such a good worker leave and asked if he could build just one more house as a personal 42 . The carpenter said yes, but in time it was43 to see that his heart was not in his work. He built the house 44 and used poor materials. It was an 45 way to end his career.When the carpenter 46 his work, the employer handed the front-door key to the carpenter.“This is your house.”he said, “my 47 to you.”.What a shock! What a 48 ! If he had only known he was building his 49 house, he would have done it all so 50 . Now he had to live in the home he had built none too well.51 it is with us. We build our 52 in a distracted (心不在焉的) way, reacting rather than acting, willing to put up less than the best. At 53 points we do not give the job our best effort. Then with a shock we look at the situation we have 54 and find that we are now living in the house we have built. If we had 55 that, we would have done it differently.36. A. retirement B. problem C. purposes D. plans37. A. business B. site C. teams D. workers38. A. spending B. dividing C. enjoying D. sparing39. A. consider B. miss C. raise D. save40. A. get by B. get along C. get back D. get around41. A. ashamed B. anxious C. frightened D. sorry42. A. favor B. bargain C. present D. reply43. A. frank B. probable C. easy D. content44. A. sadly B. carelessly C. slowly D. proudly45. A. unfair B. unhappy C. unfortunate D. unlucky46. A. checked B. discovered C. prepared D. finished47. A. gift B. salary C. memory D. punishment48. A. quality B. prize C. shame D. surprise49. A. final B. best C. everlasting D. own50. A. differently B. quickly C. hard D. happily51. A. Then B. So C. But D. Whatever52. A. houses B. bodies C. glories D. lives53. A. difficult B. main C. strong D. important54. A. created B. faced C. improved D. avoided55. A. recognized B. known C. realized D. previewedGrammar and UsageI. 翻译写出下列短语1. persuade sb. to do2. persuade sb. into doing / not to do / out of doing3. He is easily persuaded.4. I tried to persuade her to give up drinking , but in vain.5. take care to do sth.6. care for7. care about8. discourage sb. from doing sth.9. encourage sb. to do sth.10. please tell me all11. how are you doing at school?12. I can’t wait to see you.13. I chat on the line daily.14. pretend to do / to be doing / to have done15. had better have done sth.II.翻译下列句子1. His personality made it difficult for him to get along with others in his class.2. To tell you the truth, I would rather stay home watching TV than play basketballbecause of the hot weather.3. You’d better not have your child go out alone at night.4. That evening I had nothing to do but review my lessons.5. The day we had been looking forward to came at last.6. She doesn’t enjoy being made fun of in public.7. Take care not to drink too much.8. He was punished for his cheating in the exam.9. He says that he will get up at six tomorrow morning, but he’ll never make it.10. Last night when I entered his study, he pretended to be reading.11. Speaking of travel, have you ever been to Hong kong?12. Because of there being a good chance, he was excited.III. 语法练习1—5 ACCCA 6—10 BDAAA 11—15 BBADB 16—20 BDCBA 21—25 CACAB 26--- 30 ADCBD 31—35 DABCDⅣ.完形填空36—40 DACBA 41—45 DACBC 46—50 DACDA 51—55 BDDAC。
牛津高中英语模块五 Unit1 Grammar 1
She told me _____ (be) cheerful and to be _____ (look) on the bright side. look We had nothing _____ (do) but watch _____ to do (watch) TV.
Tips: 当两个不定式and, or, expect, but, than或rather than连接起来时, 第二个不定式符号省略。
注: 作表语的不定式都带to, 但当主语部 分有实义动词do时, to可以省略。 Now the only thing we can do is wait.
当不定式充当表语的时候, 表示具体动 作或是将来要发生的动作。如: 1. My wish is to be a doctor. 2. What she wants to do is to tell you a secret. 3. His plan is to go abroad and
continue his studies.
PS: 动名词和不定式同样都可以充当 表语,两者的区别在于不定式表达 是具体或是将来发生动作,而动 名词则表示抽象的一般行为。 1. His job is delivering the letters to their destinations. 2. My job is to look after the sister when Mom is cooking.
3. To do as an object
The cat said “Remember not to take it next time!” (Tips:不定式否定为not to) a) 可以直接用不定式作宾语的动词很
多, 如agree, afford, tend, ask, decide,
牛津版高中英语模块5 Unit1课件
Group work:
express your opinions on the statements on page 14 by stating whether you agree or disagree, using the expressions just learned.
Each group should have a member to present your opinion later.
1. Friendship is an important part of my life.
2. A good friend must be honest, kind and have a sense of humour.
3. One or two good friends are better than 100 acquaintances.
Others will take your opinions more _s_e_ri_o_u_sl_y if you state them _c_al_m_ly_and politely.
Agreeing
I agree with you on/that… I am of the same opinion (as…). Exactly. That’s a good point. That’s how I feel (about…) too. That’s right. You’ve got a point. Yes. And another reason is that… I can’t agree more.
Note the responses in the table.
Discussion (pair work)
高中英语 Unit1 Grammar课件 牛津译林版必修1
She is an experienced teacher.
二、句 子的种类
1、简单句
(只有一个谓语动词)
2、并列句
(有两个谓语动词以上, 用并列连词连接起来, 他们的地位是平列的)
She is laughing.
主 + 谓(vi)
She opened the door. 主 + 谓(vt) + 宾
that 的特殊用法:
1. 先行词为all everything anything nothing any more one等不定代词(指物) 2. 先行词被all every no some any little much 等词修饰(指物) 3. 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰 或者先行词本身为序数词或最高级。 4. 先行词被the only, the last, the very, the same 等修饰的时候 5. 先行词既有人又有物 6. 主句是以who 或which 等开头的特殊疑问句 7. 关系代词在定于中做表语 8. 先行词为time(次数)和way(方法)时
主谓 一致
1.从句中谓语要注意和先行词保持数和时态上的一致
2. one of …
复数
the (only) one of … 单数
I, who_a_m___ (be) your close friend, will try my best to help you out. He who_d_o_e_s__ (do) not reach the Great Wall is not a true man. Mr. Herpin is one of the foreigners who _a_r_e_ (be) working in China. Mr. smith is the only one of the those foreigners who __is___ (be) working in China.
牛津译林版高中英语必修5 Unit 1grammar(共31张PPT)
Different forms of To-infinitive
不定式还有进行形式(to be doing) 和完成形式(to have done)
They seem to be reading in the library. (动词不定式to be reading表示动作read正在发生)
I’m sorry to have said that. (动词不定式to have said that表示动作say发生在过去,
(3)当两个动词不定式由and, or, than, rather than, as或 like相连接时,通常第二个不定式要省略to。例如:
• Do you want to go skating or see a film? • I decided to write rather than phone.
when something unpleasant happens is
very important if we are to keep the
friendship.
predicative
2. We should always remind ourselves to
trust our friends whatever happens.
C. played
D. to play
10.---What do you think of the school? ----It is a very good _____.
A.school to study in B. school for children to study C. studying school D. school to study
6. 作状语
江苏省沭阳县潼阳中学牛津译林版高中英语必修五教案:Unit 1 Getting along with others Grammar II
潼阳中学高二英语M5 Unit1Grammar II教材:牛津高中英语(模块五)高二上学期文档内容:教学设计—教案单元:Unit 1 g Getting along with others板块:Grammar 语法讲解第二课时备课时间:9月3号上课时间:9月6号教学目标:1.Get to know the function of To infinitive2.learn to use To infinitive教学难点:1.How to get to know the function of verb-ing2. How to learn to use verb-ing教学步骤:动名词1. 动名词的句法功能:动名词由动词加ing构成,与现在分词的形式相同。
动名词主要起名词作用,在句中担任主语、表语、宾语和定语。
①作主语,可以直接放在句首,也可以用先行代词it作为形式主语,而把动名词后置。
e.g. Seeing is believing. (眼见为实)Saying is easier than doing.Collecting stamps is a good hobby. (单个动名词短语作主语时,动词用单数)动名词作主语还有以下两个习惯表答法:It is no use (good) + 动名词:做某事没有用e.g. It’s no use crying over spilt milk. (覆水难收)There is no + 动名词 (= It is impossible to do sth.)e.g. There is no knowing what may happen.(未来的事无法知道)②作表语:通常是说明主语的内容,注意它与谓语动词进行时的区别e.g. His hobby is collecting stamps. (此句为SVC结构)可改为:Collecting stamps is his hobby.He is collecting stamps. (is collecting是谓语动词进行时,此句为SVO结构)不能改为:Collecting stamps is he.③作宾语A. 作及物动词的宾语(enjoy, mind, finish, appreciate, avoid, consider, delay, escape, practise, suggest, keep(on), miss)e.g. 2005年上海卷No.32He got well-prepared for the job interview, for he couldn’t risk _____ the good opportunity.A. to loseB. losingC. to be lostD. being lost答案为B有些动词(attempt, begin, continue, hate, like, love)后面既可以接不定式作宾语,也可以接动名词作宾语,意义差别不大。
牛津版高中英语模块5-unit1课件
2. A good friend must be honest, kind and have a sense of humour.
3. One or two good friends are better than 100 acquaintances.
Homework
•Write something about our friendship.
Unit 1 Getting along with others
Task Writing a letter to a friend
扬中市第二高级中学 施秀华
Skills building 2: agreeing and disagreeing
Lead-in 1
1. Do you have a best friend? 2.Do you often tell your best friend your secrets? 3.If you have no one to talk to, would you like to call Teen Talk? 4.Do you often tell your headteacher about your feelings? 5.I think good friends should share feelings with each other. Do you agree with me?
6.Most teachers think that a goos, do you think so?
Tips:
• If you disagree with someone you should express your opinions _po_l_it_e_ly_.
牛津高二英语模块五Unit1Grammar
Lead-in
Tom seemed excited when he heard the good news yesterday. My mother didn’t allow him to go out, for he had lots of homework to do. In order to keep healthy, Jack takes exercise every morning.
I have two letters to write.
Functions
Sample Sentences
His intention was to cheer me
Predicative up.
My job is to deliver letters.
Adverbial
My dad arranged some swimming lessons to surprise me. He worked hard to provide for his big family.
Take are, Sally
Verb-ing as a noun
1. Verb-ing forms can be used as a noun in a sentence and function as follows:
Sample Sentences Usages
Swimming is good for As Subject
your health.
I love swimming in the sea.
As Object
I keep fit by After prep.
高二牛津英语模块5第一单元Grammar and usage课件 .ppt
2)不定式作表语不定式作表语常表示将来的动作,主 语常常是表示意向、打算、计划的词,如 wish, idea, task, purpose, duty, job等。 The most important thing for one's health is to hav e plenty of exercise. My chief purpose has been to point out the difficult ies of the matter. 3)不定式作宾语不定式常在下列动词后面作宾语: afford,agree,apply,arrange,ask,attempt,beg,begin,ca re,choose,claim, ,demand,decide,desire,determine ,expect,fail,hope,hesitate,hate,intend,learn,like,ma nage,mean,offer,plan,prepare pretend,promise,ref use,,seek,tend,threaten,w主语+动词+it+形容词+ 不定式。 We found it impossible to get everything ready in time. I think it important to learn English well in college. 使用这种句型的常见动词有: believe, consider, declare, feel, find, guess, imagine, prove, real ize, suppose, think,等。 4)“wh word+不定式”结构不定式前加一个疑问代词 (what, which, who, whom, whose)或疑问副词 (where, when, how, why),以及连词whether构成特殊的不定式 短语,其作用相当于一个从句,这样的不定式短语常在某些动词 后面作宾语。 常见的可以接这种不定式短语的动词有: know, see, decide, tell,ask,consider,discover,explain,findout,for get,guess,hear,imagine,inquire,learn,observe, perceive,remember,think,understand,wonder等。
Unit1Grammarandusage课件高中英语牛津译林版(2020)
2.谓语(verb/predicate)
说明主语的动作、状态和特征 (“做什么”“是什么”或“怎么样”)
情态动词
动词的分类
助动词 系动词 实义动词
及物动词 不及物动词
(1)简单谓语:由一个动词或动词短语构成 He practices running every morning.
(2)复合谓语:由情态动词或助动词加动词原形构成 You may keep the book for two weeks.
(1) She has lunch happily. (2) He arrived in London yesterday..
SVP 主语+系动词+表语
此类型的句子,谓语动词不能表达一个完整的意思,必须加 上一个表明主语性质或状态的表语,才能表达完整的意思。
常见的系动词: be动词类: am, is , are , was, were 感官动词类:look, sound, smell, taste, feel
可接“双宾语”的动词 (1)V.+sb.+sth.=V. +sth. + to + sb.
give, tell, lend, sell, teach, send, bring, write, take, offer, pass, return, promise, show, throw, hand, award等
5.定语(attributive) 修饰或限制名词或代词,翻译成
“……的”
由名词、代词、数词、形容词、副词、介词短语、V-ing、Ved、不定式、定语从句等充当。
This is an apple tree.
(名词)
He is our friend.
高中英语 牛津必修一 Unit 1 Grammar 简单句句子结构分析练习
4Байду номын сангаас
Analyse the sentence structure:
4
1. Read me the first paragraph. SVOO
2. I've ordered some soup for you. SVOO
3. He began leaning English ten years ago. SVO(A) 4. My being late worried my teacher. SVO 5. The president himself would visit our school. SVO
5
Analyse the sentence structure:
5
1. We study hard. SV(A)
2. His father might have died. SV 3. Will you leave the door open? SVOC 4. Can you make the dog stand still? SVOC 5. The landlord kept them working day and night. SVOC 6. A sound knowledge of grammar is important to good writing. SVP 7. We all breathe, eat, and drink. SV 8. I woke up at 6:00 in the morning. SV(A) 9. The boy appears unhappy. SVP 10. They will be flying to London. SV(A)
6
Analyse the sentence structure:
高二英语牛津英语第五模块第一单元word power
4.diligent______
5.polite_______
d. good-mannered
6.boring_______
e. dull
7.gentle_______
h. mild
8.rude ________
g. bad-manneredbcfade
h
g
Antonyms
stupid
bold/brave
cold-blooded
generous
It is ___________ of someone who contributes his money to those who need it.
bad-tempered
The two players were both______________ when they were fighting for the football.
Antonyms: words that have the opposite meanings
synonyms
1.brave______
b. courageous
a. hard-working
2.clever_______
c. smart
3.reliable______
warlike
dishonest
自大的,傲慢的
自负的
好战的
brave
warm-hearted
helpful
kind
courageous
friendly
Answers to A on page 7. easy-going quiet shy friendly honest hard-working serious strict
牛津英语模块5Unit1Grammar课件公开课1
作表语
1. 我的工作是教英语。
My job is_t_o_te_a_c_h_E_n_gl_is_h_. ___
2. 眼见为实。
To see is__t_o _be_li_ev_e____.
第十六页,共37页。
作定语
1. 你有什么要说的吗?
Do you have anything___to__s_a_y?
1. Fred 没有钱,所以他决定找一份工作。
Fred didn’t have any money, so he
decided_t_o__l_o_o__k__fo__r_a__j_o_b_._____
2. 他答应不告述任何人这事。
He promised not__t_o__te__ll_a_n__y_o_n_e__a_b_o_u_t it.
第二十页,共37页。
结果状语
原因状语.
Step 4
动词不定式保留to符号 的情况归 纳
• 在be +形容词(glad happy pleased anxious willing ready 等)词后保留to
• 在love like mean hope advise expect want persuade refuse wish seem等动词后保留to
▲ 形式宾语与形式主语的区别是形式宾语 无be动词
第十三页,共37页。
作宾补 ▲(构成“V.+ Sb.+ to do”的形式)
allow, ask, advise, encourage, expect, forbid, force, get, would like, order, permit, persuade, teach, tell, want, warn, wish
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Unit 1 Getting along with othersGrammarⅠ. 不定式句法功能1. 作主语:The cat said, “To take roller coaster” is terrible.不定式短语作主语时,可以直接放在句首,但在很多情况下,尤其是在疑问句和感叹句中,往往放在谓语之后,而用先行代词it作形式主语。
→The cat said, “It’s terrible to take roller coaster.”How long did it take you to take roller coaster?How terrible it is to take roller coaster?不定式作主语常见句型:a) It is + adj. (easy, important, difficult…) + 不定式b) It is + n. (a pity, a pleasure, one’s duty, a shame) + 不定式e.g. It’s my duty to teach you how to be a student of No.3 Middle School.c) It takes/needs/requires + some time (hours, months, days, patience…) + 不定式e.g. It requires patience to be a good teacher.2. 作表语:当句子的主语是aim, idea, policy, question, suggestion, wish, task, duty, job, purpose等或者主语是what引导的名词性从句时,后面可以用不定式做表语,用以说明主语所包含内容。
e.g. Our most important task now is to make a plan.注:作表语的不定式都带to,但当主语部分有实义动词do时,to可以省略。
e.g. The only thing we can do now is wait and see.3.作宾语The cat said “Remember not to take it next time!”.a) 可以直接用不定式作宾语的动词很多,常见的有:agree, afford, tend, ask, decide, determine, expect, fail, hope, learn, intend, manage, offer, plan, promise, refuse, want, wish等2005年天津卷12题:I don’t want _____ like I’m speaking ill of anybody, but the manager’s plan is unfair.A. to soundB. to be soundedC. soundingD. to have sounded当不定式短语比宾补长时,往往将不定式放到宾补后,而用先行代词it作形式宾语,常用动词有feel, think, find, believe, consider, make等。
The cat felt it terrible to take roller coaster.b) 不定式一般不作介词的宾语,只有少数介词如but, except等后面可以跟不定式作宾语。
一般情况下作介词宾语的不定式都带to,如果but或except所在句子里的谓语动词都是实义动词do, does, did时,通常省略to。
e.g. We have no choice but to wait.Cf. We can do nothing but wait.4. 宾语补足语在SVOC句型中,许多动词都可以按不定式作宾语补足语。
a) 通常作宾语补语的不定式要带to,常用于以下动词之后:ask, tell, advise, allow, enable, expect, force, get, like, order, teach, want, invite, wish, beg等You should get them to help you.但在谓语动词believe, find, think, feel, consider, suppose, imagine, prove等后面跟to be…作宾补,不跟to do…e.g. They believe him to be honest.b) 以下两类动词后跟不定式作宾补时不能带to①一些表示“致使”意义的动词,如:let, have, make等②一些表示感觉的动词,如:hear, feel, see, watch, notice等Don’t let the children trouble you.I heard someone open the door.但当这两类动词为被动态时,不定式就成了主补。
作主补的不定式必须加上to His father made him go to bed early.→He was made to go to bed early by his father.5. 作定语不定式可以在句子充当后置定语,修饰名词。
以下几类情况常用不定式作定语:①能带不定式作宾语的动词,其同源名词可以带不定式作定语。
常见的有attempt, decision, promise, plan等e.g. He hasn’t kept his promise to write to his parents regularly.②常与不定式搭配的形容词,其同源名词一般可以用不定式作定语。
常见的有ability, determination, anxiety, eagerness等e.g. His eagerness to finish his homework was quite clear.③序数词形容词最高级或被only, last, next等修饰的名词可以用不定式作定语:She was the only person to survive after the earthquake.Tips: 不定式在作定语时,有时与被修饰的名词有意义上的主谓关系、同位关系、动宾关系,如果该不定式是不及物动词,它后面需要加上适当介词。
e.g. He’s always the first to come and the last to leave. 主谓关系I’ve no time to listen to your excuse. 同位关系She has a meeting to attend. (动宾关系=attend a meeting)There’s nothing to worry about. (动宾关系=worry about nothing)6. 作状语不定式可以作状语,表示目的、结果、原因、条件等。
①to…, in order to …, so as to …(不能放在句首)作目的状语2005年辽宁卷22题:All these gifts must be mailed immediately _____ in time for Christmas.A. in order to have receivedB. in order to receiveC. so as to be receivedD. so as to be receiving②在so…as to, such….as to, only to …结构中不定式作结果状语,其中only to…用于表示意想不到的结果。
He hurried to the station only to find the train had gone.③enough to, too…to结构e.g. The boy isn’t old enough to go to school.= The boy is too young to go to school.④形容词(happy, glad, lucky, fortunate, surprised, angry, anxious, ready, quick, slow, cruel, clever等)+ 不定式结构e.g. I’m glad to meet you.The question is different to answer.He is hard to get along with.7. 作插入语,用来说明说话人的态度、看法、对整个句子进行解释,如to be frank (坦白地说),to be sure(确实)等。
e.g. To tell you the truth, I hate you.8. 作同位语e.g. The order to start the general attack soon came.不定式的复合结构,以it为形式主语或形式宾语引导的复合结构,如果其前的形容词是指行为的性质就用:for sb. to do sth.这种复合结构在句中可作主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语等。
It is necessary for me to learn English well.如果该形容词是指行为的性质,同时又指行为的人,则用of sb. to do sth.。
这种句式中的常用形容词有:right, wrong, brave, careful, careless, clever, wise, stupid, cruel, foolish, good, honest, kind, nice, silly等。
e.g. It’s very kind of you to come to see me.连接代(副)词+不定式(包括whether, what, which, whom, where, when, how, 不包括why),在句中起名词的作用,通常跟在诸如tell, know, show, decide, learn, wonder, explain等动词后作宾、主语或表语。
e.g. No one can tell me where to find John.When to the exam is still unknown.The problem is how to get enough money.不定式的进行式、完成式和被动式①不定式的进行式由to be + V-ing构成,用来表示谓语动词动作发生时,不定式的动作正在进行。
e.g. Some students pretended to be reading English when the teacher came in.②不定式完成式由to have + V-ed构成,用来表示动作发生在谓语动作之前。