新高考高三英语时文阅读精选(含答案解析)

新高考高三英语时文阅读精选（含答案解析）
A
Climate protection and public health have striking similarities. The benefits of both can be enjoyed by everyone, even by individuals who do not contribute to the collective efforts to address these problems. If climate change slows down, both drivers of gas-guzzlers and electric cars will benefit — although the former did not help in climate efforts. Similarly, if the spread of Coronavirus is halted, individuals who refused to wash their hands, as well as the ones who washed them assiduously, will enjoy the restored normal life.
Most countries have gotten their acts together, although behind time, on Coronavirus. Citizens also seem to be following the advice of public health officials. Could then the Coronavirus policy model be applied to climate change? We urge caution because these crises are different, which means that policies that worked well for Coronavirus might not be effective for climate change.
Climate change is the defining crisis of our times. Floods, hurricanes, forest fires, and extreme weather events have become more frequent and severe over the years. Although climate change generates passionate discussions in big cities and university campuses, there is inadequate public call for immediate action. Some types of decarbonization policies are certainly in place. However, carbon-intensive lifestyles continue. This policy lethargy (无精打采) and behavioral inertia (惰性) are due to many reasons, including concerted opposition by the fossil fuel industry to deep decarbonization. But there are other reasons as well. Climate change is cumulative and does not have a quick onset. Its effects are not always immediate and visible. Many individuals probably do not see a clear link between their actions and the eventual outcome. This reduces the willingness to alter lifestyles and tolerate personal sacrifices for the collective good.
In contrast, Coronavirus is forcing an immediate policy response and behavioral changes. Its causality is clear and its onset quick. Lives are at stake, especially in western countries. The stock markets are tanking, and the economy is heading towards a recession. Politicians recognize that waffling can lead to massive consequences, even in the short-term. Corona-skeptic President Trump has reversed course and declared a national emergency.
1. What does the writer think climate protection and public health have in common?
A. They can’t be influenced by what people do.
B. They only benefit those who contribute to them.
C. They usually punish those who do harm to them.
D. They offer benefits to everyone whatever people do.
2. Which word can take the place of the underlined word “assiduously”?
A. Attentively.
B. Absolutely.
C. Abundantly.
D. Alternatively.
3. Why are people unwilling to change their carbon-intensive lifestyles?
A. Because they think the climate is none of their business.
B. Because they think what they do has no effect on the climate.
C. Because they can’t see the quick result from what they do to the climate.
D. Because they don’t clearly know how their lifestyles influence the climate.
4. Which of the following does the author disagree with?
A. President Trump had a skeptic attitude to coronavirus at first.
B. Compared with climate change, coronavirus has a quick result.
C. People are willing to change their lifestyles because of coronavirus.
D. Many countries have responded to coronavirus quickly and effectively.
B
Robots, Not Humans, Are the New Space Explorers “Since the days of Apollo, the greatest adventures in space have been these robots that have gone all over the solar system,” says Emily Lakdawalla, a self-described planetary evangelist①at the Planetary Society.
By “these robots,” Lakdawalla means the various robotic probes that have flown past planets, moons and asteroids②— orbiting③some, landing on others.
Millions of people around the world have watched with delight as the six-wheeled rovers④have trundled across the Martian surface, snapping pictures and taking selfies.
At Smithsonian’s National Air and Space Museum in Washington, D.C., Matthew Shindell says visitors make a point of coming to the planetary exhibit in a gallery tucked into the west end of the museum.
Shindell is the museum’s planetary science curator⑤. A prominent⑥feature of the gallery is a large glass case containing versions⑦of all the rovers that NASA has sent to Mars, from the tiny Sojourner rover that landed in 1997 to the 2,000-pound Curiosity rover that arrived in 2012.
“People love to come and see the rovers and really get a sense of what they look like up close and their actual scale,” Shindell says.
Mars has a mystique all its own, so perhaps it’s not surprising that people find exploring the red planet enticing. But the New Horizons fly-by of Pluto, the Messengerclose encounter with Mercury, and Juno’s buzzing⑧over Jupiter's poles all have generated great public interest.
Elkins-Tanton says she and her team are inviting the public to explore Psyche with them.
“We’re going to be sending the images that we get out onto the Internet for everyone in the world to see within a half-hour of our receiving them,”she says. “So everyone in the world is going to see this crazy world at the same time and we can all scratch our heads together.”
This idea of sharing the experience of space missions is something NASA has embraced. Lakdawalla says the public has been able to see the passion and commitment of the scientists who work on these robotic explorers.
“Now you recognize that robotic exploration is human exploration,” she says. “It's just that the humans are back on Earth and the robots are going where humans can’t currently go.”
C
In reaction to the coronavirus pandemic, some schools and education institutions are rushing to move their classes and programs online. It’s not going to go well. It’s already not going well. But in the end, in a year or two maybe, the online education adventure we’re watching may be worth the pain, but not in the way you may imagine.
We probably should not look sideways at schools that are trying to keep their programs running by turning to online options. It can easily seem like the best of the bad options. But it started badly. As college Presidents, Boards, Superintendents and others were wrestling with these awful choices, they were flooded with solicitations from profit-seeking companies offering to move them online. It was unseemly — like the fire department calling you in the middle of a house fire to offer assistance, for a reasonable fee.
That’s not to say all the companies that sell online education platforms and services are behaving that way. But we can say that many of them viewed this crisis as an outstanding business opportunity. So, just in case any education leaders didn’t know how these companies behaved, more do now. That’s good. It’s a taste that will likely linger. The other thing that’s happening is that, for the schools that are attempting to migrate online, they are learning what that means. Their
teachers and students are too.
Conversations are already dripping with regret and shocked awareness of how poor the quality of online education is, how implausible it is to actually make work. On social media, teachers have been surprised by the lack of control, lack of engagement, lack of accountability in virtual classrooms. “Zoom University” has been trending on Twitter. It even has a logo, which is not a compliment.
1. What is the real intention for companies to offer online service?
A. To make money in the coronavirus pandemic.
B. To prepare for the online learning in the future.
C. To help students with study in the coronavirus pandemic.
D. To help schools move class online in the coronavirus pandemic.
2. Which of the following can replace the underlined word “implausible”?
A. Irresistible.
B. Impossible.
C. Irregular.
D. Immoral.
3. What’s the attitude of the author towards “Zoom University”?
A. Optimistic.
B. Critical.
C. Neutral.
D. Indifferent.
4. The purpose of this passage is to show that_______.
A. the coronavirus influences education very seriously
B. schools have to offer online education because of the coronavirus
C. online education should be cancelled because of its poor quality
D. online education is poor since companies just want to make money
D
With Cats or Dogs Can ‘Significantly’ Reduce Stress
College is stressful. Students have classes, papers, and exams. But they also often have work, bills to pay, and so many other pressures common in modern life.
Many universities have instituted “Pet Your Stress Away” programs, where students can come in and interact with cats and/or dogs to help alleviate①some of the strain.
Scientists at Washington State University have recently demonstrated that, in addition to improving students’ moods, these programs can actually get “under the skin” and have stress-relieving physiological benefits.
“Just 10 minutes can have a significant impact,” said Patricia Pendry, an associate professor
in WSU’s Department of Human Development. “Students in our study that interacted with cats and dogs had a significant reduction in cortisol②, a major stress hormone.”
Pendry published these findings with WSU graduate student Jaymie Vandagriff last month in AERA Open, an open access journal published by the American Educational Research Association.
This is the first study that has demonstrated reductions in students’ cortisol levels during a real‑life intervention rather than in a laboratory setting.
The study involved 249 college students randomly③divided into four groups. The first group received hands on interaction in small groups with cats and dogs for 10 minutes. They could pet, play with, and generally hang out with the animals as they wanted.
To compare effects of different exposures to animals, the second group observed other people petting animals while they waited in line for their turn. The third group watched a slide-show of the same animals available during the intervention④, while the fourth group was “waitlisted”. Those students waited for their turn quietly for 10 minutes without their phones, reading materials, or other stimuli, but were told they would experience animal interaction soon.
Several salivary cortisol samples were collected from each participant, starting in the morning when they woke up. Once all the data was crunched⑤from the various samples, the students who interacted directly with the pets showed significantly less cortisol in their saliva⑥after the interaction. These results were found even while considering that some students may have had very high or low levels to begin with.
“We already knew that students enjoy interacting with animals, and that it helps them experience more positive emotions,” Pendry said. “What we wanted to learn was whether this exposure would help students reduce their stress in a less subjective way. And it did, which is exciting because the reduction of stress hormones may, over time, have significant benefits for physical and mental health.”
Now Pendry and her team are continuing this work by examining the impact of a four-week-long animal-assisted stress prevention program. Preliminary results are very positive, with a followup study showing that the findings of the recently published work hold up. They hope to publish the final results of that work in the near future.
E
These days many workers feel pushed, filed, indexed and numbered. When they apply for a job, they may be assessed by artificial intelligence, which parses resumes for key words without which an applicant’s odds of an interview lengthen. Based on works like “Evidence-Based Recruiting” by Atta Tarki, who claims that scores in general-mental-ability tests have a strong 65% correlation with job performance, firms may ask candidates to take an intelligence test.
When they get a job, employees find the indexing and numbering continues. Workers at warehouses have to pick a certain number of items per hour; those at call-centers are assessed by software that monitors their hourly number of calls, and the amount of time spent on each one. Fall behind the target and you may feel unable to take a break. When their task is completed, employees are often rated again, this time by the customers.
Manufacturing workers have long faced these kind of numerical targets, as well as the need to clock in and out of work. The big change is that similar metrics and rating systems are spreading to more and more parts of the economy. Academics get rated by students; nurses may be judged on a “behaviorally anchored rating scale” which assesses how much empathy they showed to patients.
Ratings are at the heart of the gig economy, where workers are connected with employers and customers via the internet. Just as TripAdvisor ratings allow holidaymakers to assess hotels, Uber drivers get a score out of five.
Such systems are understandable in parts of the economy where output is difficult to measure precisely. But they can be arbitrary. People might give an Uber driver a poor rating because they are in a bad mood or because they encountered unexpected traffic disruption.
Gianpiero Petriglieri of the INSEAD business school says that, since firms no longer offer jobs for life, everyone is an independent worker whether they like it or not. The key passage in your CV may not be the universities you attended, but your rating in categories like teamwork, innovation and adaptability.
1. Why are employees asked to have a test?
A. Its result has relation with their working performance.
B. Boss wants to get an understanding of their personality further.
C. Its result shows if they can bear the pressure of assessment.
D. It is a part of recruiting process.
2. Which industry uses the numerical rating system earlier than other industries?
A. Service industry.
B. Education industry.
C. Manufacture industry.
D. Agriculture industry.
3. What does Gianpiero Petriglieri mean in the last paragraph?
A. Employees are interrelated since they work in the same company.
B. People should focus on their education background in the resumes.
C. Rating system might be misused in some occasions.
D. Your performance in rating system should be highlighted.
4. Where is this article mostly likely from?
A. A newspaper.
B. A novel.
C. A science fiction.
D. A research paper.
A
【答案】1-4 DACD
【解析】本文是说明文。

文章将人们对气候变化和公共卫生——新冠肺炎——的反应做了对比，认为有很多相似点，但新冠肺炎对人们生活的影响更快，所以人们更愿意改变自己的生活方式。

1. 细节理解题。

根据第一段，尤其第一、二句“Climate protection and public health have striking similarities. The benefits of both can be enjoyed by everyone, even by individuals who do not contribute to the collective efforts to address these problems.”可知，所有人都可以享受到这两方面的好处，即使是对解决这些问题的集体努力没有贡献的个人。

故选D。

2. 词义猜测题。

根据第一段最后一句“individuals who refused to wash their hands, as well as the ones who washed them assiduously”可知两类人是对比，一类是拒绝洗手的，那么另一类就应该是经常认真洗手的。

attentively“专心地，周到地”；absolutely“绝对地”；abundantly “丰富地，大量地”；alternatively“要不然，或者”；所以该词汇意思应该最接近A项，故选A。

assiduously本意为“用功地，勤勉地”。

3. 细节理解题。

根据第三段倒数几句“Climate change is cumulative and does not have a quick onset. Its effects are not always immediate and visible. Many individuals probably do not see a clear link between their actions and the eventual outcome.”可知，人们不愿意改变自己的生活方式，是因为气候变化是累积性的，不会很快发生。

它的影响并不总是立竿见影的。

许多人可能看不到他们的行为与最终结果之间的明确联系。

故选C。

4. 细节理解题。

根据第二段第一句“Most countries have gotten their acts together, although behind time”（虽然大多数国家在冠状病毒方面的行动是齐心协力的，但却滞后了。

）可知，D选项中的“responded to coronavirus quickly”是不合作者意思的。

故选D。

【词汇积累】
concerted [kən'sɜ:tɪd] adj. 同心协力的；共同筹划决定的；努力的
cumulative ['kjuːmjʊlətɪv] adj. 累积的；渐增的；（红利、利息等）累计的
onset ['ɒnset] n. 开端，发生，肇始(尤指不快的事件)
causality [kɔː'zælɪtɪ] n. 因果关系
waffling [ˈwɒflɪŋ] n. 胡扯；啰嗦；犹豫不决；含糊其词
【句法剖析】
1. The benefits of both can be enjoyed by everyone, even by individuals who do not contribute to the collective efforts to address these problems.
句意：所有人都可以享受到（气候保护与公共卫生）这两方面的好处，即使在解决这些问题的集体努力上没有做贡献的个人。

句子分析：此句主句在前半句，后半句even by individuals...整个做方式状语且该状语成分中含有一个who引导的定语从句，修饰先行词individuals，who在定语从句中做主语。

2. Although climate change generates passionate discussions in big cities and university campuses, there is inadequate public call for immediate action.
句意：尽管气候变化在大城市和大学校园引起了热烈的讨论，但公众对立即采取行动的呼声却不足。

句子分析：此句的主句在后半句，使用了there be句型，当中for immediate action为介词短语做后置定语，修饰call；前半句则为Although引导的让步状语从句。

B
【新词积累】
evangelist [ɪˈvændʒəlɪst] n. 福音传道者；圣经新约福音书的作者
asteroid [ˈæstərɔɪd] n. [天] 小行星
orbit [ˈɔːbɪt] n. 轨道；眼眶vt. 绕……轨道而行
rover [ˈrəʊvə(r)] n. 漫游者；流浪者；漂泊者
curator [kjʊəˈreɪtə(r)] n. 馆长；监护人；管理者
prominent [ˈprɒmɪnənt] adj. 突出的，显著的；杰出的
version [ˈvɜːʃn] n. 版本；译文；倒转术
buzzing ['bʌzɪŋ] n. 嗡嗡声；嘈杂声
【金句赏析】
1.By “these robots,” Lakdawalla means the various robotic probes that have flown past planets, moons and asteroids — orbiting some, landing on others.
Lakdawalla说的“这些机器人”是指各种各样的机器人探测器，它们飞过行星、卫星和小行星，有的绕着轨道飞行，有的降落在其他星球上。

2.“People love to come and see the rovers and really get a sense of what they look like up close and their actual scale,” Shindell says.
Shindell说:“人们喜欢来参观火星车，近距离观察它们的样子和实际规模。

”
3.Mars has a mystique all its own, so perhaps it's not surprising that people find exploring the red planet enticing.
火星本身就有一种神秘感，所以人们发现探索这颗红色星球很吸引人也就不足为奇了。

【全文翻译】
新的太空探索者是机器人，而不是人类
自诩为行星协会行星传道士的艾米丽•拉卡达瓦拉表示:“自阿波罗计划以来，太空中最伟大的冒险就是这些机器人遍布整个太阳系。

”
Lakdawalla说的“这些机器人”是指各种各样的机器人探测器，它们飞过行星、卫星和小行星，有的绕着轨道飞行，有的降落在其他星球上。

当六轮火星漫游车在火星表面行驶、拍照和自拍时，全世界数百万人都欢欣鼓舞。

位于华盛顿特区的史密森国家航空航天博物馆马修·辛德尔说，参观者一定要来位于博物馆西端的一个画廊里的行星展。

辛德尔是博物馆的行星科学馆长。

这个展厅的一大特色是一个大玻璃柜，里面装着美国国家航空航天局送往火星的所有火星车的版本，从1997年登陆火星的小旅居者号火星车，到2012年抵达火星的2000磅重的好奇号火星车。

Shindell说:“人们喜欢来参观火星车，近距离观察它们的样子和实际规模。

”
火星本身就有一种神秘感，所以人们发现探索这颗红色星球很吸引人也就不足为奇了。

但是，新视野号飞越冥王星，与水星的近距离接触，以及“朱诺”号飞越木星两极的嗡嗡声，都引起了公众极大的兴趣。

Elkins-Tanton说她和她的团队邀请公众和他们一起探索。

她说:“我们将把收到的照片发到网上，让全世界的人在半小时内看到。

所以世界上的每个人都将在同一时间看到这个疯狂的世界，我们可以一起挠头。

”
这种分享太空任务经验的想法是NASA所接受的。

Lakdawalla说，公众已经能够看到从事这些机器人探索的科学家的热情和承诺。

“现在你认识到机器人探索就是人类探索，”她说。

“只是人类又回到了地球，机器人要去人类目前无法去的地方。

”
C
【答案】1-4 ABBD
【解析】本文是说明文。

是一篇针对新冠肺炎期间学生网上上课的新闻报道，当中表明了目前网络课程的许多缺陷。

1. 细节理解题。

根据第三段，尤其第一、二句话“That’s not to say all the companies that sell online education platforms and services are behaving that way. But we can say that many of them viewed this crisis as an outstanding business opportunity.”可知，大多数提供网络服务的公司都想利用这次商机赚钱。

故选A。

2. 词义猜测题。

根据第四段第一句“Conversations are already dripping with regret and shocked awareness of how poor the quality of online education is....”可知网课质量很糟糕，“how implausible it is to actually make work”句意很可能是“事实上有成效是不可能的”，故implausible可用impossible来替换，因此选B。

3. 观点态度题。

根据第四段最后一句“It even has a logo, which is not a compliment.”可知，尽管Zoom大学在推特上已很有名且拥有自己的商标，但作者对这个网校并不是赞扬的态度，而是“批评的，挑剔的”。

故选B。

4. 写作意图题。

纵观全文可知，作者谈及此次新冠肺炎疫情期间的网课，主要是为了说明网课大潮中许多公司急功近利，网课质量堪忧。

故选D。

【词汇积累】
wrestle with ['resl wɪð] 斟酌；摔跤；斗争；努力克服；全力对付
solicitation [sə,lɪsɪ'teɪʃən] n. 诱惑；揽货；恳切地要求；游说
linger [ˈlɪŋɡə(r)] v. 继续存留；逗留；徘徊；花很长时间做(某事)；持续看(或思考) accountability [əˌkaʊntəˈbɪləti] n. 有责任，有义务，可说明性
【句法剖析】
1. As college Presidents, Boards, Superintendents and others were wrestling with these awful
choices, they were flooded with solicitations from profit-seeking companies offering to move them online.
句意：当大学校长、董事会、管理者和其他人都在为这些糟糕的选择而挣扎时，他们收到了大量来自营利性公司的主动邀请，说是要将课程转移到网上。

句子分析：本句的主句在后半句，当中from profit-seeking companies是介词短语做后置定语，修饰solicitation，而offering to move them online为现在分词短语做定语，修饰companies；句首的As引导时间状语从句。

注意积累短语be flooded with，意为“被……淹没”。

2. We probably should not look sideways at schools that are trying to keep their programs running by turning to online options.
句意：我们或许不应该对那些试图通过选择在线课程来维持（教学）运行的学校持有偏见。

句子分析：此句主句为We probably should not look sideways at schools，主句后接that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词schools且关系词在定语从句中做主语；短语look sideways at意为“从侧面看”，这里宜译为“对……有偏见”。

D
【新词积累】
alleviate [əˈliːvieɪt] vt. 减轻，缓和
ortisol ['kɔːtɪsɒl] n. [生化] 皮质醇
randomly ['rændəmlɪ] adv. 随机地；随便地
intervention [ˌɪntəˈvenʃn] n. 介入
crunch [krʌntʃ] vt. 运算
saliva [səˈlaɪvə] n. 唾液
【金句赏析】
1. Once all the data was crunched from the various samples, the students who interacted directly with the pets showed significantly less cortisol in their saliva after the interaction.
一旦所有的数据都从不同的样本中得到处理，直接与宠物互动的学生在互动后唾液中的皮质醇明显减少。

2. What we wanted to learn was whether this exposure would help students reduce their stress in a less subjective way.
我们想了解的是，这种接触是否有助于学生减少主观方面的压力。

【全文翻译】
养猫或狗能“显著”减轻压力
大学压力很大。

学生们有课，有论文，还有考试。

但他们也经常有工作、账单要付，以及现代生活中常见的许多其他压力。

许多大学已经设立了“宠物使你的压力远离”计划，学生可以进来和猫和/或狗互动，以帮助减轻一些压力。

华盛顿州立大学的科学家最近证明，除了改善学生的情绪，这些项目实际上可以“潜移默化”，并具有缓解压力的生理益处。

世界大学生联合会人类发展系副教授Patricia Pendry说：“仅仅10分钟就可以产生重大影响。

“在我们的研究中，与猫和狗互动的学生皮质醇（一种主要的应激激素）显著降低。

”
Pendry上个月在美国教育研究协会出版的期刊AERA Open上与WSU研究生Jaymie Vandagriff一起发表了这些发现。

这是第一项在现实生活中而不是在实验室环境中证明学生皮质醇水平降低的研究。

本研究将249名大学生随机分为4组。

第一组与猫和狗进行10分钟的小组动手互动。

他们可以随心所欲地抚摸、玩耍和与动物们一起闲逛。

为了比较不同接触动物的效果，第二组观察其他人在排队等候轮到他们时抚摸动物。

第三组观看了干预期间可用的相同动物的幻灯片，而第四组则是“等待名单”。

这些学生在没有手机、阅读材料或其他刺激物的情况下安静地等了10分钟，但被告知他们很快就会体验到动物的互动。

从早上醒来开始，每个参与者都采集了几份唾液皮质醇样本。

一旦所有的数据都从不同的样本中得到处理，直接与宠物互动的学生在互动后唾液中的皮质醇明显减少。

这些结果是在考虑到一些学生可能有很高或很低的水平开始时发现的。

Pendry说：“我们已经知道，学生喜欢与动物互动，这有助于他们体验更多积极的情绪。

”。

“我们想了解的是，这种接触是否有助于学生减少主观方面的压力。

确实如此，这是令人兴奋的，因为随着时间的推移，压力荷尔蒙的减少可能对身心健康有重大益处。

”
现在Pendry和她的团队正在继续这项工作，他们正在研究为期四周的动物辅助应激预防计划的影响。

初步结果是非常积极的，一项后续研究表明，最近发表的研究结果是有效的。

他们希望在不久的将来公布这项工作的最终结果。

E
【答案】1～4 ACDA
【解析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了行业使用评分制的问题。

1.细节理解题。

根据第一段最后一句“Based on works like ‘Evidence-Based Recruiting’ by Atta Tarki, who claims that scores in general-mental-ability tests have a strong 65% correlation with job performance, firms may ask candidates to take an intelligence test.”可知，智商测试的结果与工作表现有很大的关系。

故选A。

2.细节理解题。

根据第三段第一句“Manufacturing workers have long faced these kind of numerical targets, as well as the need to clock in and out of work.”可知，制造业的工人较早进行评分制考核。

故选C。

3.推理判断题。

根据最后一段最后一句“The key passage in your CV may not be the universities you attended, but your rating in categories like teamwork, innovation and adaptability.”可知，履历中的重点信息是你各项指标的评分。

故选D。

4.文章来源题。

通读全文，本文讲述员工被评分这一现象，审视选项，最可能来自报纸。

故选A。

【词汇积累】
index [ˈɪndɛks] n. 指数
arbitrary [ˈɑːbɪt(rə)ri] adj. 随意的，武断的
【句法剖析】
1. Based on works like “Evidence-Based Recruiting” by Atta Tarki, who claims that scores in general-mental-ability tests have a strong 65% correlation with job performance, firms may ask candidates to take an intelligence test.
句意：Atta Tarki声称综合心理能力测验的分数与工作绩效的相关性高达65%，基于他的“循证招聘”情况，公司可能会要求候选人进行智力测验。

本句主句为firms may ask candidates to take an intelligence test，句首based on...job performance作状语，含who引导的定语从句who claims that...with job performance，修饰Atta Tarki，定语从句中又含that引导的宾语从句that scores in...，作claims的宾语。

2. Ratings are at the heart of the gig economy, where workers are connected with employers and customers via the internet.
句意：评分制是零工经济的核心，在这种经济形态下，员工通过互联网与雇主和客户建立联系。

本句主句为Ratings are at the heart of the gig economy，其后where引导定语从句where workers are connected...，修饰gig economy。

注意积累短语be connected with...，意为“和……
相联系”。