大学英语六级改革适用(阅读)模拟试卷345(题后含答案及解析)

大学英语六级改革适用（阅读）模拟试卷345(题后含答案及解析)
题型有：1. I wasn’t surprised when this didn’ t make the news here in the United States—we’re now the only wealthy country without such a policy. The United States does have one explicit family policy, the Family and Medical Leave Act, passed in 1993. It entitles workers to as much as 12 weeks’unpaid leave for ease of a newborn or dealing with a family medical problem. Despite the modesty of the benefit, the Chamber of Commerce and other business groups fought it bitterly, describing it as “government-run personnel management”and a “dangerous precedent”. In fact, every step of the way, as (usually) Democratic leaders have tried to introduce work-family balance measures into the law, business groups have been strongly opposed. As Yale law professor Anne Alstott argues, justifying parental support depends on defining the family as a social good that, in some sense, society must pay for. In her book No Exit: What Parents Owe Their Children and What Society Owes Parents, she argues that parents are burdened in many ways in their lives: there is “no exit”when it comes to children. “Society expects—and needs—parents to provide their children with continuity of care, meaning the intensive, intimate care that human beings need to develop their intellectual, emotional and moral capabilities. And society expects—and needs—parents to persist in their roles for 18 years, or longer if needed.”While most parents do this out of love, there are public penalties for not providing care. What parents do, in other words, is of deep concern to the state, for the obvious reason that caring for children is not only morally urgent but essential for the future of society. The state recognizes this in the large body of family laws that govern children’ s welfare, yet parents receive little help in meeting the life-changing obligations society imposes. To classify parenting as a personal choice for which there is no collective responsibility is not merely to ignore the social benefits of good parenting; really, it is to steal those benefits because they accrue (不断积累) to the whole of society as today’ s children become tomorrow’s productive citizenry (公民). In fact, by some estimates, the value of parental investments in children, investments of time and money (including lost wages), is equal to 20-30% of gross domestic product. If these investments generate huge social benefits—as they clearly do—the benefits of providing more social support for the family should be that much clearer.
1．What do we learn about paid family leave from the first paragraph?
A．America is now the only developed country without the policy.
B．It has now become a hot topic in the United States.
C．It came as a surprise when Australia adopted the policy.
D．Its meaning was clarified when it was established in Australia.
正确答案：A
解析：细节题。

在文章的第一段就提到the United States--we’re now the only wealthy country without such a policy(美国——现在，我们是唯一一个没有实行这
种政策的富裕国家了)，可知美国是唯一一个没有实行带薪休假制的发达国家了，B、C选项讲的是该问题在美国成为一个热门话题，与this didn’t make the news here in the United States意思相悖，C选项讲澳大利亚采纳这个制度是把文中作者对美国不关注带薪休假的曲解，D选项文中没有提及，因此，正确答案是A。

知识模块：仔细阅读
2．What has prevented the passing of work-family balance laws in the United States?
A．The incompetence of the Democrats.
B．The existing Family and Medical Leave Act.
C．The lack of a precedent in American history.
D．The opposition from business circles.
正确答案：D
解析：细节题。

根据题干中的work-family balance laws可以定位到文中第二段最后一句Democratic leaders have tried to introduce work-family balance measures into the law，business groups have been strongly opposed(每当民主党领导人试图将“平衡工作与家庭的措施”纳入法律体系时，它的每一步都会遭到来自商业团体的强烈反对)可知阻挠的是商业团体。

A、B、C选项在文中都没有提及，因此，正确答案是D。

知识模块：仔细阅读
3．What is Professor Anne Alstott’ s argument for parental support?
A．The cost of raising children in the U. S. has been growing.
B．Good parenting benefits society.
C．The U.S. should keep up with other developed countries.
D．Children need continuous care.
正确答案：B
解析：推断题。

根据题干中的Anne Alstott可以定位到文中第三段第一句justifying parental support depends on defining the family as a social good that(要想使对父母的支持合法化，就必须首先把“家庭”定义为一项社会性的善举)，从这句话可以看出家庭是一种社会善举，所以推导出良好的家庭教育对社会有益。

A、C选项不是文章直接提出来的，D项是结论而非支持结论的原因，因此，正确答案是B。

知识模块：仔细阅读
4．What does the author think of America’s large body of family laws governing children’ s welfare?
A．They fail to ensure children’ s healthy growth.
B．The fail to provide enough support for parents.
C．They emphasize parents’ legal responsibilities.
D．They impose the care of children on parents.
正确答案：B
解析：推断题。

根据题干中large body of family laws governing children’s
welfare可以定位到文中第四段第三句The state recognizes this in the large body of family laws that govern children’s welfare，yet parents receive little help in meeting the life-changing obligations society imposes(国家认识到了这一点，通过一系列保护儿童权益的家庭法就可见一斑，但是当社会把这项影响孩子命运的重担强加到父母身上时，他们得到的帮助却少得可怜)，由此，可以推断出美国的家庭法没有为父母提供足够的帮助，A、C选项在文中没有直接涉及，D项所讲的是众所周知的一般情况，而非作者的看法。

因此，正确答案是B。

知识模块：仔细阅读
5．Why does the author object to classifying parenting as a personal choice?
A．It is regarded as a legal obligation.
B．It relies largely on social support.
C．It generates huge social benefits.
D．It is basically a social undertaking.
正确答案：D
解析：推断题。

根据题干中的classifying parenting as a personal choice可以定位到文中第四段第四句To classify parenting as a personal choice for which there is no collective responsibility is not merely to ignore the social benefits of good parenting；really，it is to steal those benefits(把父母照顾孩子的行为视为一种个人选择，并认为整个社会都不必为此负责不仅仅是忽视了父母培养子女给社会带来的利益，实际上这是窃取了这种利益)，从这可以看出作者认为父母照顾孩子这种行为对整个社会有很大的益处，因为父母在为社会的未来培养具有生产力的公民。

由此，推断出它是一项社会事业。

A选项是事实，但是不是原因，B选项与实际情况不符，C选项是间接原因，因为养孩子有社会利益，才导致了D选项的结论，所以它才应该是社会性事业，因此，正确答案是D。

知识模块：仔细阅读
Nowadays, computer is becoming more and more widely used. But people are not that familiar with knowledge of computer. How to operate computers still requires much devotion. Computer people talk a lot about the need for other people to become “computer-literate”, in other words, to learn to understand computers and what makes them tick. Not all experts agree, however, that this is a good idea. One pioneer, in particular, David Tebbutt, is the founder of Computertown in UK. Although many people see this as a successful attempt to bring people closer to the computer, David does not see it that way. He said that Computertown UK was formed for just the opposite reason, to bring computers to the people and make them “people-literate”. David first got the idea when he visited one of America’s best-known computer “guru” figures, Bob Albrecht, Albrecht, in the small university town of Palo Alto in Northern California. Albrecht had started a project called Computertown USA in the local library, and the local children used to call round every Wednesday to borrow some time on the computer there, instead of borrowing library books. Albrecht was always on hand to answer any questions and to help the children discover about computers in their own way. Over here, in Britain,
Computertowns have taken off in a big way, and there are now about 40 scattered over the country. David Tebbutt thinks they are most successful when tied to a computer club. He insists that there be a vast and important difference between the two, although they complement each other. The clubs cater for the enthusiasts, who have been with some computer knowledge already, who get together and eventually from an expert computer group. This frightens away non-experts, who are happier going to Computertowns where there are computers available for them to experiment on, with experts available to encourage them and answer any questions. They are not told what to do, how to operate, and they find out. David Tebbutt finds it interesting to see the two different approaches working side by side. The computer experts have to learn not to tell people about the operating principle of computers, but they have to be able to explain the answers to the questions that people really want to know. In some Computertowns there are question sessions, rather like radio phone-ins, where the experts listen to a lot of questions and then try to work out some structure to answer them. People do not have to learn computer jargons, even to be “computer-literate”, but the experts have to translate computer mysteries into easily understood terms; then computers will be easier for people to operate, and the computers will become “people literate”.
6．What does “computer-literate”(Line 4, Para. 1)mean?
A．Everyone is necessary to have a computer.
B．People know much knowledge about computers.
C．Knowledge about computers is hard to absorb.
D．Computers are becoming more and more widely used.
正确答案：B
解析：推断题。

literate意为“受过教育的”，那么computer-literate意为“受过电脑方面的知识教育的”，也就是“有电脑文化的”，B项符合。

也可以通过上下文推测，根据其后语句“in other words，to learn to understand computers and what makes themtick”．电脑人士就其他人想要转变成有电脑文化的人的要求展开了许多讨论。

换句话说，就是他们想要学习了解电脑以及电脑运行的奥妙。

computer-literate指的是人们了解电脑方面的知识。

知识模块：仔细阅读
7．Why did David Tebbutt oppose the idea of “computer-literate”?
A．Because “computer-literate” can hardly bring people closer to the computer.
B．Because “computer-literate” can bring people further to the computer.
C．Because he believed Computertown can bring people much closer to computer.
D．Because he believed that making computer “people-literate”is more significant.
正确答案：D
解析：细节题。

根据题干中的“David Tebbutt oppose the idea of
‘computer-literate’”可定位至第二段末句“He said that Computertown UK was formed for just the opposite reason，to bring computers to the people and make them ‘people—literate’．”由此可知，David创办电脑城是为了把电脑带到人群中，使电脑具有人文文化，换句话说，他认为，“电脑人文化”比“人具有电脑文化”更有意义。

本题容易误选C，但D才是根本原因。

知识模块：仔细阅读
8．The phrase “cater for”(Line 4, Para. 4)can be replaced by______.
A．exclude
B．accord with
C．run by
D．opposed by
正确答案：B
解析：语义题。

cater for所在句的主语是The clubs，宾语是the enthusiasts，该词作为谓语将“电脑俱乐部”和“电脑爱好者”联系了起来，一般来讲．电脑俱乐部成员是由电脑爱好者组成的，由此可知，电脑俱乐部的成立迎合了电脑爱好者的需求，换句话说，与他们的需求相符。

B项accord with意为“与……相符”，符合文意。

知识模块：仔细阅读
9．Which of the following is not the difference between computertown and computer club?
A．There are computer fans with some computer knowledge in the club.
B．There are experts in computertowns available to answer any questions.
C．The computertown develops faster than computer club.
D．The computer club may develop into an expert computer group.
正确答案：C
解析：细节题。

根据题干中的“the difference between computertown and computerclub”可定位至第四段。

根据第四段第四句“The clubs cater for the enthusiasts，with some computer knowledge already，who get together and eventually from an expertcomputer group．”可知，A、D正确，根据第四段末句“This frightens away non-experts，who are happier going to Computertowns where…，with experts available to encouragethem and answer any questions，…”可知，B项正确，C项意为“电脑城比电脑俱乐部发展更快”，文章并没有提到，故不能构成二者的不同之处。

知识模块：仔细阅读
10．The best title of the passage may be______.
A．The Development of Computertowns
B．People are Becoming “Computer-literate”
C．The Computers are Becoming “People Literate”
D．The Relationship Between People and Computer
正确答案：C
解析：主旨题。

文章开头讲到，并非所有专家都认为有电脑文化是个好主
意．进而引出英国电脑城的创办者David Tebbutt的观点——“电脑人文化”，接着提到这一想法的来源、发展状况，以及如何实现“电脑人文化”。

因此，本文的中心词是“电脑人文化”，C项符合。

知识模块：仔细阅读
Is it any wonder that America is also a country of dangerously overweight people? According to a recent study by the National Centre for Health Statistics, the number of adults characterized as overweight in the United States has jumped to an astonishing one-third of the population. Overweight in this case means being about 20 percent or more above a person’s desirable weight. Since the figures for “desirable weight” have moved upward over the last decade or so, total poundage—even at 20 percent over—may be considerable. So are the attendant health risks. Excess weight has been linked to cardiovascular disease, hypertension, adult-onset diabetes and some forms of cancer, among other diseases. Once, when work and school and the grocery store were a two-mile hike away, Americans could afford the calories they consume. But not now, not when millions spend four or five hours a day in front of a TV set—along with a bag of chips, a bowl of buttered popcorn and a six-pack—and there’ s a car or two in every driveway. “There is no commitment to obesity as a public health problem,” said Dr. William Dietz, director of clinical nutrition at the New England Medical Centre in Boston. “We’ve ignored it, and blamed it on gluttony and sloth.”If one definition of a public health problem is its cost to the nation, then obesity qualifies. According to a study done by Dr. Graham A. Colditz, who teaches at Harvard Medical School, it cost America an estimated $68.8 billion in 1990. But what’s wrong blaming it on gluttony and sloth? True, some unfortunate overweight people have an underlying physical or genetic problem. But for most Americans, the problem is with two of the seven deadly sins. Losing weight is a desperately difficult business. Preventing gain, however, is not. Consumer information is everywhere and there can be few adults who truly believe that hot dogs, fries, a soda and a couple of Twinkies make a good lunch. But they eat them anyway. As more and more Americans became educated to the risks of smoking, more and more Americans gave up the habit. Now it appears that Americans need an intensive education in the risks of stuffing themselves and failing to exercise as well. Given the seductiveness of chocolate and cheese, the couch and the car, that habit will be hard to break. But if an ounce of prevention can obviate a pound of fat, it is well worth the struggle.
11．The author setting up the standard of overweight people based on the fact that______.
A．the number of overweight people has astonishingly increased
B．people have a different idea about their desirable weight now
C．overweight becomes a threat to people’ s health
D．the overweight problem has long been studied
正确答案：B
解析：细节题。

根据第二段Overweight in this case means being about 20 percent ormore above a person’s desirable weight．Since the figures for“desirable weight”havemoved upward over the last decade or so，total poundage--even at 20 percent over——may be considerable．可知超重的定义是指体重超过理想体重的20％及以上．但是对于理想体重的定义也随着时代的前进提高了，所以现在人们对于理想体重的标准改变了，和B选项表达一致。

知识模块：仔细阅读
12．By saying “So are the attendant health risks”in Paragraph 3, the author means______.
A．America suffers health risks as well as the overweight problem
B．health risks resulted from overweight are serious too
C．overweight is classified as one of the health problems
D．people have also paid much attention to the possible health risks
正确答案：B
解析：推断题。

若想理解So are the attendant health risks．必须和下文联系起来，Excess weight has been linked to cardiovascular disease，hypertension，adult-onset di-abetes and some forms of cancer，among other diseases．超重带来一系列的疾病：心血管病、高血压、成年发作的糖尿病和一些癌症，以及其他的疾病。

Attendant 作为形容词有“伴随的，随之而来的”意思，所以第三段首句意思是“随之(超重)而来的是对健康造成的危害”。

知识模块：仔细阅读
13．What does William Dietz think of overweight?
A．Overweight should be treated as a public health problem.
B．Overweight should be attributed to gluttony and sloth.
C．Overweight has much to do with nutritional problems.
D．Overweight has nothing to do with the overuse of cars.
正确答案：A
解析：细节题。

根据William Dietz定位至原文第五段There is no commitment toobesity as a public health problem…We’ve ignored it，and blamed it on gluttony andsloth．威廉·狄亚茨认为人们没有把肥胖症当成公共健康问题，肥胖症长期受到忽视．只是被归咎于暴饮暴食和懒惰。

所以威廉·狄亚茨的观点是肥胖应该被当作公共健康问题。

通读选项，A选项与该句子的内容一致。

知识模块：仔细阅读
14．Most Americans believe that______.
A．the overweight problem has cost the nation much
B．obesity is related to one’ s physical conditions
C．people who are overweight are unfortunate
D．gluttony and sloth are two deadly sins
正确答案：D
解析：细节题。

根据原文第六段中for most Americans，the problem is with two
ofthe seven deadly sins．可知对于大多数美国人而言。

问题在于七宗罪中的两宗。

而解答该题的关键就在于找到两宗罪。

联系前文gluttony and sloth在第五、六段均出现，这两宗罪即为暴饮暴食和懒惰。

知识模块：仔细阅读
15．In order to solve the overweight problem, the author suggests that everyone need to______.
A．be taught to prevent gaining weight
B．be educated to lose weight effectively
C．seek help from consumer information
D．know what makes a healthy dinner
正确答案：A
解析：细节题。

根据第七段Losing weight is a desperately difficult business．Pre-venting gain，however，is not．可知减肥很困难，但是防止增重并不难。

和答案A的prevent gaining weight相对应。

根据第八段Now it appears that Americans need anintensive education in the risks of stuffing themselves and failing to exercise as well．进一步可知美国人现在需要的教育，提高对肥胖危害的意识，education和答案A的taught相对应，综合七、八段可知答案应该是A。

知识模块：仔细阅读
Maybe unemployment isn’t so bad after all. A new study says that, income notwithstanding, having a demanding, unstable and thankless job may make you even unhappier than not having a job at all. Given that a paid position gives workers purpose and a structured role, researchers had long thought that having any job would make a person happier than being unemployed. That turns out to be true if you move into a high-quality job—but taking a bad job is detrimental to mental health. Australian National University researchers looked at how various psychosocial work attributes affect well-being. They found that poor-quality jobs—those with high demands, low control over decision making, high job insecurity and an effort-reward imbalance—had more adverse effects on mental health than joblessness. The researchers analyzed seven years of data from more than 7,000 respondents of an Australian labour survey for their Occupational and Environmental Medicine study in which they wrote: As hypothesized, we found that those respondents who were unemployed had significantly poorer mental health than those who were employed. However, the mental health of those who were unemployed was comparable or more often superior to those in jobs of the poorest psychosocial quality. The current results therefore suggest that employment strategies seeking to promote positive outcomes for unemployed individuals need to also take account of job design and workplace policy. Moving from unemployment to a job with high psychosocial quality was associated with improvements in mental health, the author said. Meanwhile, the mental health of people in the least-satisfying jobs declined the most over time—and the worse the job, the more it affected workers’ well-being. Unemployed people in the Australian study had a mental-health score(based on the five-item Mental Health Inventory, which measures depression, anxiety and positive well-being in the
previous month)of 68.5. Employed people had an average score of 75.1. The researchers found that moving from unemployment to a good job raised workers’scores by 3.3 points, but taking a bad job led to a 5.6-point drop below average. That was worse than remaining unemployed, which led to decline of about one point. These findings underscore the importance of employment to a person’ s well-being. Rather than seeking any new job, the study suggests that people who are unemployed or stuck doing lousy work should seek new positions that offer more security, autonomy and a reasonable workload. But that’s a lot easier said than done. Perhaps employers could be persuaded to be more mindful of the mental health of their workers—happier employees are a benefit to their employers. “The erosion of work conditions,”the researchers noted, “may incur a health cost, which over the longer term will be both economically and socially counterproductive.”
16．The traditional thought that having any job is better than being unemployed is true when______.
A．the element of salary is considered
B．people have a sense of accomplishment
C．people take a high-quality job
D．people do not have to work overtime
正确答案：C
解析：细节题。

根据第二段researchers had long thought that having any job wouldmake a person happier than being unemployed．That turns out to be true if you move intoa high-quality job…可知研究人员一直以为有任何一份工作都比失业让人觉得快乐，如果从事的是高质量的工作，那么这种想法就是正确的，和C选项表达一致。

知识模块：仔细阅读
17．The word “detrimental”(Line 4, Para. 2)may be replaced by______.
A．favourable
B．harmful
C．necessary
D．important
正确答案：B
解析：语义题。

联系前文That turns out to be true if you move into a high—qualityjob—but taking a bad job is detrimental to mental health．从事高质量的工作比失业的幸福感强，那么做一份不好的工作会对精神健康不利。

detrimental作为形容词表示“不利的，有害的”，近义词为harmful。

知识模块：仔细阅读
18．Which of the followings is not a characteristic of poor-quality jobs?
A．High sense of achievement.
B．High demands.
C．Low control over decision making.
D．High job insecurity.
正确答案：A
解析：细节题。

根据第三段They found that poor—quality jobs—those with highdemands，low control over decision making，high job insecurity and an effort-rewardimbalance可知破折号后是对低质量工作的解释，这种工作的特点是要求严格、决策权力小、强烈的不安全感和付出与回报失衡。

通读选项，A选项内容“很强的成就感”并未提及，所以答案选A。

知识模块：仔细阅读
19．What does the study carried out by researchers from Australian National University suggest?
A．The employment strategies are poorly designed.
B．The mental health of those who were unemployed was not as good as that of those in jobs of the poorest psychosocial quality.
C．Job design and workplace policy should be included into employment strategies aiming to help the unemployed.
D．The mental health of people in the least-satisfying jobs increased the most over time.
正确答案：C
解析：细节题。

根据原文第五段中The current results therefore suggest that employment strategies seeking to promote positive outcomes for unemployed individualsneed to also take account of job design and workplace policy．可知那些旨在改善失业人员现状的就业政策应该将职业设计和工作环境政策考虑在内，和选项C的表述一致。

知识模块：仔细阅读
20．What should employers do according to the researchers?
A．They should increase the competitiveness of the working environment.
B．They should reduce the working hours of their employees.
C．They should provide training classes to improve the physical fitness of their employees.
D．They should be more concerned with the mental health of their workers.
正确答案：D
解析：细节题。

根据最后一段Perhaps employers could be persuaded to be moremindful of the mental health of their workers可知对于老板而言，他们应该更关注职员的心理健康。

D选项题干中的be concerned with和原文be mindful of相互对应。

知识模块：仔细阅读。