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综合英语二考试大纲

综合英语二考试大纲之附录一词汇项目表一、构词法(带有*的项目非考核内容)(一)前缀*anti-:anti-+名词、形容词=名词、形容词*fore-:fore-+名词、动词=名词、动词in-/im-:in-/im-+名词、形容词、副词=名词、形容词、副词*irr-:irr-+名词、形容词、副词=名词、形容词、副词*non-:non-+名词、形容词、副词=名词、形容词、副词over-:over-+名词、动词、形容词、副词=名词、动词、形容词、副词(二)名词后缀*-cy:形容词、名词、动词+-cy=名词*-ery/-ry:名词、动词+-ery/-ry=名词*-ful:名词+-ful=名词-ness:形容词+-ness=名词-y:形容词、少量动词+-y=名词*名词+-y=名词(三)动词后缀-ize/-ise:动词、形容词+-ize/-ise=动词*名词+-ize/-ise=动词(四)形容词后缀*-ary:名词+-ary=形容词*-ative:动词+-ative=形容词-ful:名词、少量动词+-ful=形容词*-some:形容词、名词、动词+-some=形容词叮叮小文库(五)复合名词形容词+名词=复合名词名词+名词=复合名词名词+动名词=复合名词*动词+副词=复合名词名词+及物动词+-er=复合名词(六)复合形容词形容词、数词+名词=复合形容词名词+过去分词=复合形容词*副词+过去分词=复合形容词形容词、数词+名词+ied=复合形容词*名词+形容词=复合形容词*名词+现在分词=复合形容词*形容词、副词+现在分词=复合形容词名词+名词+-ed=复合形容词二、短语表(见书后短语表)三、词汇学习项目表(一共97个单词按字母顺序排列)allow:ask:叮叮小文库bear:beat:begin:break:call:care:carry:catch:change: charge: come: concern: consider: cover: cut: decide:define: develop: discover: draw: drive: drop: expect:叮叮小文库face:fall:favour:feel:find:fit:follow:forget:free: get: give: go: grow: happen: help: hold:hope: keep: lead: learn: leave: lie: look: lose:make: mean: meet: mind: miss: notice: offer:叮叮小文库order:pass:pay:pick:play:put:raise:reach:recognize: regard: remain: remind: run: save: see: send:serve: set: settle: show: stand: start: stop:叮叮小文库stretch:suggest:take:talk:teach:tell:think:touch:try:turn:want:watch:way:wish:work:四、总词汇表(见书)综合英语二考试大纲之附录二语法项目表一、词法部分(一)词的分类1.形容词在句中的位置及其作名词的用法1）形容词在句中的位置：形容词的前置：形容词的后置：2）形容词作名词的用法：2.both,either,neither的用法：3.系动词叮叮小文库4.情态动词：need,dare,used to,ought to5.特殊的介词：but,except,from,instead of6.形容词和副词的比较级之外的表示比较的一些方法1）用such...as表示比较，as后面即可接名词也可接句子2）用the same as表示比较3）用like或alike表示比较4）用“a+名词+of a +名词”表示比较5）用...as if（as though）引导一个从句表示比较叮叮小文库7.more和most的非比较级用法8.名词与代词和名词所有格的一致（二）动词的时态搭配英语的语法结构允许一个主句带一个甚至好几个从句，因此主句动词和从句动词就有一个搭配呼应问题。

2013年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语二试题(答案解析版)2013年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语

2013年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语二试题（答案解析版）Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)；敬人者化学教案人恒敬之”“要学会宽恕化学教案甚至是对曾经伤害过你的人化学教案因为只有放下才能得到真正Given the advantages of electronic money, you might think that we would move quickly to the cashless society in which all payments are made electronically. ___1___, a true cashless society is probably not around the corner. Indeed, predictions of such a society have been ___2___ for two decades but have not yet come to fruition. For example, Business Week predicted in 1975 that electronic means of payment “would soon revolutionize the very ___3___ of money itself,” only to ___4___ itself several years later. Why has t he movement to a cashless society been so ___5___ in coming?Although e-money might be more convenient and may be more efficient than a payments system based on paper, several factors work __6___ the disappearance of the paper system. First, it is very ___7___ to set up the computer, card reader, and telecommunications networks necessary to make electronic money the ___8___ form of payment. Second, paper checks have the advantage that they ___9___ receipts, something that many consumers are unwilling to ___10___. Third, the use of paper checks gives consumers several days of "float"-it takes several days ___11___ a check is cashed and funds are ___12___ from the issuer's account, which means that the writer of the check can earn interest on the funds in the meantime. ___13___ electronic payments are immediate, they eliminate the float for the consumer. Fourth, electronic means of payment ___14___ security and privacy concerns. We often hear media reports that an unauthorized hacker has been able to access a computer database and to alter information ___15___ there.Because this is not an ___16___ occurrence, unscrupulous persons might be able to access bank accounts in electronic payments systems and ___17___ funds by moving them from someone else’s accounts i nto their own. The___18___ of this type of fraud is no easy task, and a whole new field of computer science has developed to ___19___ security issues. A further concern is that the use of electronic means of payment leaves an electronic ___20___ that contains a large amount of personal data on buying habits. There are worries that government, employers, and marketers might be able to access these data, thereby encroaching on our privacy.时间先后顺序化学教案③后适宜用感叹号试卷试题5试卷试题B试卷试题【解析】A项的“拙作”是谦辞、1. [A] However [B] Moreover [C] Therefore [D] Otherwise2. [A] off [B] back [C] over [D] around3. [A] power [B] concept [C] history [D] role4. [A] reward [B] resist [C] resume [D] reverse5. [A] silent [B] sudden [C] slow [D] steady6. [A] for [B] against [C]with [D] on7. [A] imaginative [B] expensive [C] sensitive [D] productive8. [A] similar [B] original [C] temporary [D] dominant9. [A] collect [B] provide [C] copy [D] print10. [A] give up [B] take over [C] bring back [D] pass down11. [A] before [B] after [C] since [D] when12. [A] kept [B] borrowed [C] released [D] withdrawn13. [A] Unless [B] Until [C] Because [D] Though14. [A] hide [B] express [C] raise [D]ease15. [A] analyzed [B] shared [C] stored [D] displayed16. [A] unsafe [B] unnatural [C] uncommon [D] unclear17. [A] steal [B] choose [C] benefit [D] return18. [A] consideration [B] prevention [C] manipulation [D] justification19. [A] cope with [B] fight against [C] adapt to [D] call for20. [A] chunk [B] chip [C] path [D] trail文化活动试卷试题人有恒言曰：“百闻不如一见试卷试题”“读万卷书不如行万里路试卷试题”游学之益在于体验化学教案答案：1-5: ADBDC6-10: BBDBA11-15: ADCCC16-20: CABAD苞之生二十六年矣化学教案使蹉跎昏忽常如既往化学教案则由此而四十、五十化学教案岂有【答案详解】1. [标准答案] [A][考点分析] 本题考察逻辑关系[选项分析] 因为考察逻辑关系，所以需要我们先对填空前后的原文信息做定位分析：填空之后的信息为”a true cashless society is probably not around the corner .”（一个无现金社会不太可能马上出现），而文章之前的信息都是在说我们可能马上就进入一个无现金社会，两者之间出现了明显的转折关系，因此只有however符合题意。

2023考研英语二答案解析(完整版)

2023考研英语二答案解析〔完好版〕2023考研英语二答案解析〔完好版〕完形填空1.[A] boasting [B] denying [C] warning [D] ensuring[答案][C] warning2.[A] inequality [B] instability [C] unreliability[D] uncertainty[答案][A] inequality3.[A] policy [B]guideline [C] resolution [D] prediction[答案][D] prediction4.[A] characterized [B]divided [C] balanced[D]measured[答案][A] characterized5.[A] wisdom [B] meaning [C] glory [D] freedom[答案][B] meaning6.[A] Instead [B] Indeed [C] Thus [D] Nevertheless[答案][B] Indeed7.[A] rich [B] urban [C]working [D] educated[答案][C] working8.[A] explanation [B] requirement [C] pensation [D] substitute[答案][A] explanation9.[A] under [B] beyond [C] alongside [D] among[答案][D] among10.[A] leave behind [B] make up [C] worry about [D] set aside[答案][C] worry about11.[A] statistically [B] occasionally [C] necessarily [D] economically[答案][C] necessarily12.[A] chances [B] downsides [C] benefits [D] principles[答案][B] downsides13.[A] absence [B] height [C] face [D] course[答案][A] absence14.[A] disturb [B] restore [C] exclude [D] yield[答案][D] yield15.[A] model [B] practice [C] virtue [D] hardship[答案][C] virtue16.[A] tricky [B] lengthy [C] mysterious [D] scarce[答案][D] scarce17.[A] demands [B] standards [C] qualities [D] threats[答案][A] demands18.[A] ignored [B] tired [C] confused [D] starved[答案][B] tired19.[A] off [B] against [C] behind [D] into[答案][D] into20.[A] technological [B] professional [C] educational [D] interpersonal[答案][B] professional阅读理解以下是文都教育版阅读参考答案，选择题局部是花卷，阅读选项的顺序并不是完全一样，所以要对答案，最终是要看你的选项内容是否一致，有的同学的选项可能不是这个顺序哦。

2023年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语二真题

2023年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语二真题2023 National Postgraduate Entrance Examination in English II2023年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语二真题Section I: Listening Comprehension (25 minutes)Part A: Spot Dictation(1)Directions: In this part of the test, you will hear a passage and read the same passage with blanks in it. Fill in each of the blanks with the word or words you have heard on the tape. Write your answer on the Answer Sheet.(2)Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage.People may think that sight and hearing are the most important senses for human beings, but we can go without them and still live quite a(n) (1) life. It is true that a person who is blind or deaf has to develop other senses more, but this does not make his life impossible. However, one thing humans cannot survive without is touch.Touch provides information about the world around us. It tells us whether an object is (2) or cold, rough or smooth, hard or soft. We touch things to find out what they are like and to learn about the world we live in. We learn about (3) from touch very young, and even when we are grown, we continue learning from it. That is why people who cannot see or hear canlearn to do things almost as well as anybody else, but people who cannot touch things cannot live on their own.There have been studies done on infants who were (4) touch from other people because of insensitivity to pain. These children have a difficult time holding a baby bottle or writing. If they don't have the sensation of touch, they will not be able to live alone when they grow up.When a person loses touch with another person, or when a person gets cut off from the society around him, he feels alone. We need touch as much as we need to eat or sleep. If we (5) away from people who are close, we suffer even more than we do when we cannot eat or sleep.Part B: Listening Comprehension(1)Directions: In this part of the test, you will hear short conversations. After each conversation, you will hear a question about the conversation. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.(2)Questions 6 to 8 are based on the following conversation.M: Have you thought about which college you want to go to?W: Yeah, I've been considering several options. But I'm still not sure where to go.Question 6: What has the woman been doing?Question 7: What is the woman's current situation?Question 8: What can be inferred from the conversation?(4)Questions 9 to 11 are based on the following conversation.M: I heard that there will be a new professor for the psychology course next semester.W: Yes, and I hope he will assign less reading than the previous professor.(5)Question 9: What will happen next semester?Question 10: How does the woman feel about the previous professor?Question 11: What can be inferred about the woman?(6)Questions 12 to 15 are based on the following passage.M: Excuse me, could you please give me directions to the nearest post office?W: Sure, just walk straight ahead for about three blocks. It will be on your left.Question 12: Where does the man want to go?Question 13: How far is it from the man's location?Question 14: Which direction should the man go?Question 15: What can be inferred from the conversation?Section II: Reading Comprehension (30 minutes)Part A: Text Completion(1)Directions: Read the following three texts. Choose the best option (A, B, C, or D) for each blank and mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.(2)Text 1Many people nowadays choose to (16) physically active to maintain a healthy lifestyle. Whether it's jogging, swimming, cycling, or participating in team sports, exercise is an important part of our daily routine. However, there are numerous benefits to adding a new dimension to your regular exercise program: engaging in mindfulness exercises.(3)Text 2Artificial intelligence (AI) is no longer just science fiction. It is now a (17) part of our daily lives. From voice assistants like Siri and Alexa torecommendation systems on streaming platforms, AI algorithms are at the core of these technologies. Despite its increasing influence, AI still (18) many people.(4)Text 3Being organized is a valuable (19) for success. It helps us manage our time effectively, reduces stress, and increases productivity. However, staying (20) is not always easy, especially in today's fast-paced world.Part B: Reading Comprehension(1)Directions: Read the following three passages. Answer the questions according to the information given in each passage. Mark your answers on the Answer Sheet.(2)Passage 1(3)Every year, millions of tons of plastic waste end up in the oceans, causing serious environmental problems. The Great Pacific Garbage Patch, located between California and Hawaii, is a massive collection of floating debris that spans an area twice the size of Texas. Plastic waste poses a significant threat to marine life, as animals can mistake it for food or become entangled in it.To tackle this issue, various solutions have been proposed, including plastic recycling and reducing single-use plastics. However, one innovative approach gaining attention is the use of sustainable materials for packaging and product design.(4)Passage 2(5)Space tourism has long been considered a futuristic concept reserved for the wealthy elite. However, with advancements in technology and private space companies like SpaceX, the dream of traveling to space may soon become a reality for ordinary citizens. While the cost of space travel remains high, several companies are working on making it more accessible to the general public.(6)Passage 3(7)The concept of universal basic income (UBI) has gained traction in recent years as a potential solution to income inequality and automation-induced job loss. UBI involves providing every citizen with a guaranteed income, regardless of their employment status. Proponents argue that it could alleviate poverty, provide a safety net, and empower individuals to pursue their passions and entrepreneurial endeavors.Section III: Vocabulary and Structure (10 minutes)Part A: Vocabulary(1)Directions: For each of the following sentences, there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence and mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.(2)1. The new shopping mall offers a wide variety of __________, from luxury brands to affordable options.2. The employee's __________ performance led to his promotion.3. The professor's lecture was so __________ that many of the students fell asleep.4. The company has implemented stricter __________ measures to prevent theft.5. The book provides a __________ overview of the history of modern art.Part B: Grammar and Structure(1)Directions: For each of the following sentences, there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence and mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.(2)6. She __________ studying for two hours when her friends called her.7. __________ you bring an umbrella, you will get wet in the rain.8. The teacher asked the students __________ they had finished their homework.9. I wish I __________ more time to spend with my family.10. It's __________ that we finish the report by tomorrow.Section IV: Error Correction (10 minutes)(1)Directions: There are ten errors in the following passage. Each line contains one error. You should correct the errors by underlining the incorrect part and writing the correct part in the corresponding space on the Answer Sheet.(2)Example:My father is lawyer. My father is a lawyer.(3)Text:China has a long history ancient civilization, (11)_________________________________dating back over 5,000 years. It is known by (12)_________________________________its rich cultural heritage and many historical (13)_________________________________landmarks. The Great Wall of China being one (14)_________________________________the most famous attractions in the world, (15)_________________________________drawing millions visitors each year. In (16)_________________________________addition, Chinese cuisine has become (17)_________________________________popular all around a world, with dishes (18)_________________________________such as dumplings and Peking duck enjoyed (19)_________________________________by people around the globe. The Chinese (20)_________________________________Section V: Writing (30 minutes)(1)Directions: In this part of the test, you are required to write an essay on the topic of "The Benefits of Bilingual Education." You should write at least 250 words and base your composition on the outline given in Chinese below:(2)双语教育的好处(3)1. 双语教育可以提高语言能力；2. 双语教育对认知能力的提升有积极影响；3. 双语教育有助于培养跨文化沟通能力；4. 双语教育对就业和全球竞争力的意义。

2023考研英语二大纲要求附录表

附录表一、阅读理解1. 第一部分1) 短文阅读要求考生能够阅读和理解大纲要求的短文内容，抓住主题和关键信息，理解作者的观点和态度，并能够总结文章的主要观点和结论。

2) 长篇阅读考生应该具备较强的阅读能力，能够理解并分析长篇短文的主旨和细节，理解作者的语气和意图，能够准确把握文章的逻辑结构，理解文章的论证过程和主要观点。

2. 第二部分1) 阅读理解能力以阅读理解的题型为主，要求考生具备较强的阅读能力和分析能力，能够准确把握文章的重点和细节，理解作者的立场和态度，能够运用所学的语言知识和阅读策略，灵活处理各种文章类型和题材，能够进行推理和概括，辨别事实和观点，判断文章的逻辑关系。

3. 第三部分1) 阅读理解能力主要测试考生对文章主旨和细节的理解能力，要求考生能够灵活运用各种阅读策略，准确把握文章的逻辑结构，理解作者的意图和态度，能够通过阅读理解题目，理解文章的主旨和中心思想。

二、完形填空1. 第一部分1) 完形填空能力主要测试考生的语言综合运用能力，要求考生能够全面掌握所学语言知识，运用上下文语境，理解和把握文章的逻辑关系，准确把握文章的中心思想和主题，从而完成文章的整体理解和表达。

2. 第二部分1) 完形填空能力主要测试考生的语言运用能力和语篇理解能力，要求考生能够通过完形填空的题型，全面理解文章的主旨和中心思想，在文章的整体语境下，准确理解词义和句意，从而正确理解文章的意思。

三、语法填空1. 第一部分1) 语法填空能力主要测试考生的语法知识和语法运用能力，要求考生能够熟练掌握英语的各种语法知识，包括时态、语态、语态等相关知识，并且能够在语境中准确运用这些语法知识。

2. 第二部分1) 语法填空能力主要测试考生的语法知识和语法运用能力，要求考生能够准确理解短文的意思，从而能够在具体的语境中准确理解句子的结构和语法用法，并且能够正确运用语法知识完成文章的理解和表达。

四、翻译1. 第一部分1) 汉译英考生要求能够准确理解汉语的表达方式，用流利、准确、恰当、自然的英语表达出原文的含义，符合英语表达习惯，不漏译、不翻译错、不译文义。

自考英语二(00015)Unit1-TextB 课文

subconscious adj. 下意识的；潜意识的 eg: the subconscious self 潜意识的自我 Your dislike of water is perhaps due to a subconscious fear of drowning. 衍生：sub-＝ under 在…之下, subway (地铁), submarine (潜水艇) conscious adj. 知道的；察觉的；注意到的 eg: be conscious of being watched/that one is being watched 察觉有人在监视自己 consciousness n. 意识
command v. 命令，指挥；控制 n. 指挥，控制；司令部 commander 指挥官；司令官 commandment 戒律；法令 commandant 司令官，指挥官；军事学校的校长 eg. 他命令士兵们把大门关上。 He commanded the soldiers to shut the gate. knowingly adv. 故意地；机警地，狡黠地近义词：intentionally knowing adj. 博学的；狡猾的；心照不宣的 n. 认知 eg. 我们不知道政府有没有故意或蓄意地掩盖事实。 We did not know that whether the government knowingly or consciously choose to cover the truth.
1. a great degree of 很大程度上的 eg. All these are valid reasons for a very great degree of freedom. 所有这些都是要求高度自由的合理原因。 2. mastery n. 掌握，掌控 eg.Science offers us total mastery over environment and over our destiny. 科学给了我们对环境自身命运很大的掌控权。 He doesn’t have mastery of the basic rules of grammar. 他没有掌握语法的基本规则。

2023年考研英语二考试真题及答案解析

2023年考研英语二考试真题及答案解析考研英语二考试真题及答案解析Section Ⅰ Use of EnglishHere’s a common scenario that any number of entrepreneurs face today: you’re the CEO of a small business and though youre making a nice 1 , you need to find a way to take it to the next level. what you need to do is 2 growth by establishing a growth team. A growth team is made up of members from different departments within your company, and it harnesses the power of collaboration to focus 3 on finding ways to grow.Lets look at a real-world 4 . Prior to forming a growth team, the software company BitTorrent had 50 employees.Working in the 5 departments of engineering, marketing and product development. This brought them good results until 2012, when their growth plateaued. The 6 was that too many customers were using the basic, free version of their product. And 7 improvements to the premium, paid version, few people were making the upgrade.Things changed, 8 , when an innovative project marketing manager came aboard, 9 a growth team and sparked the kind of 10 perspective they needed. By looking at engineering issues from a marketing point of view, it became clear that the 11 of upgrades wasnt due to a quality issue. Most customers were simply unaware of the premium version and what it offered.Armed with this 12 , the marketing and engineering teams joined forces to raise awareness by prominently 13 the premium version to users of the free version. 14 , upgrades skyrocketed, and revenue increased by 92 percent.But in order for your growth, team to succeed, it needs to a have a strong leader. It needs someone who can 15 the interdisciplinary team and keep them on course for improvement.This leader will 16 the target area, set clear goals and establish a time frame for the 17 of these goals. This growth leader is also 18 for keeping the team focus on moving forward and steer them clear of distractions. 19 attractive, new ideas can be distracting, the team leader must recognize when these ideas don’t 20 the current goal and need to be put on the back burner.1.A. purchase B. profit C. connection D. bet2.A. define B. predict C. prioritize D. appreciate3.A. exclusively B. temporarily C. potentially D. initially4.A. experiment B. proposal C. debate D. example5.A. identical B. marginal C. provisional D. traditional6.A. rumor B. secret C. myth D. problem7.A. despite B. unlike C. through D. besides8.A. moreover B. however C. therefore D. again9.A. inspected B. created C. expanded D. reformed10.A.cultural B. objective C. fresh D. personal11.A. end B. burden C. lack D. decrease12.A. policy B. suggestion C. purpose D. insight13.A. contributing B. allocating C. promoting D. transferring14.A. As a result B. At any rate C. By the way D. In a sense15.A. unite B. finance C. follow D. choose16.A. share B. identify C. divide D. broaden17.A. announcement B. assessment C. adjustment D. accomplishment18.A. famous B. responsible C. available D. respectable19.A. Before B. Once C. While D. Unless20.A. serve B. limit C. summarize D. alter【1】B. profit 原文提到“小公司的CEO也挣到了大钱”。

2023年考研英语二真题及答案完整版

2023年考研英语二真题及答案完好版2023年考研英语二真题及答案完好版考研英语二真题：Section I Use of EnglishDirections： Read the following text. Choose the best word〔s〕 for each numbered black and mark A，B， C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. 〔10 points〕Harlan Coben believes that if you are a writer，you will find the time； and that if you can＇t find the time， then writing isn＇t a priority， and you are not a writer. For him， writing is a __1__ job—a job like any other. He has __2__ it with plumbing，pointing out that a plumber doesn＇t wake up and say that he can＇t work with pipes today.__3__， like most writers these days， you＇re holding down a job to pay the bills， it＇s not __4__ to find the time to write. But it＇s not impossible. It requires determination and single-mindedness. __5__ that most bestselling authors began writing when theywere doing other things to earn a living. And today，even writers who are fairly __6__ often have to do other work to __7__ their writing ine.As Harlan Coben has suggested it＇s a __8__ of priorities. To make writing a priority， you＇ll have to __9__ some of your day-to-day activities and some things you really enjoy.There＇s just one thing you should try to keep at least some time for， __16__ your writing and that＇s reading. Any write needs to read as much and as wildly as they can. It＇s the one __17__ supporter—something you can＇t do without.1. [A] difficult [B] normal [C] steady [D] pleasant2. [A] bined [B] pared [C] confused [D] confronted3. [A] If [B] Though [C] Once [D] Unless4. [A] enough [B] strange [C] wrong [D] easy5. [A] Accept [B] Explain [C] Remember [D] Suppose6. [A] well-known [B] well-advised [C] well-informed [D] well-chosen7. [A] donate [B] generate [C] supplement [D] calculate8. [A] cause [B] purpose [C] question [D] condition9. [A] highlight [B] sacrifice [C] continue [D] explore10. [A] relations [B] interests [C] memories [D] skills11. [A] until [B] because [C] while [D] before12. [A] put up with [B] make up for [C] hang onto[D] cut down on13. [A] intelligent [B] occasional [C] intensive[D] emotional14. [A] habit [B] test [C] decision [D] plan15. [A] tough [B] gentle [C] rapid [D] funny16. [A] in place of [B] in charge of [C] in response to [D] in addition to17. [A] indispensable [B] innovative [C] invisible[D] instant18. [A] duller [B] harder [C] quieter [D] quicker19. [A] peacefully [B] generously [C] productively[D] gratefully20. [A] at most [B] in turn [C] on average [D] above allSection II Reading prehensionPart ADirections： Read the following four passages. Answer the questions below each passage by choosing A， B， C and D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. 〔40 points〕Text 1＂I＇m excited about our progresses，＂ says Brown， who harvests eggs for Denver-based Nest Fresh Eggs and is adding more cover crops that draw worms and crickets for the chickens to eat. The birds＇waste then fertilizes fields. Such improvements ＂allow our hens to forage for higher-quality natural feed that will be good for the land， the hens， and the eggs that we supply to our customers.＂The egg industry＇s push is the first major testof whether animal products from regenerative farms canbee the next premium offering. In barely more than a decade， organic eggs went from being dismissed as a niche product in natural foods stores to being sold at Walmart. More recently there were similar doubts about probiotics and plant-based meats， but both have exploded into major supermarket categories. If the sustainable-egg roll out is successful， it could open the floodgates for regenerative beef broccoli and beyond.Regenerative products could be a hard sell，because the concept is tough to define quickly， says Julie Stanton， associate professor of agricultural economics at Pennsylvania State University Brandywine. Such farming also brings minimal， if any，improvement to the food products 〔though some producers say their eggs have more protein〕.The industry is betting that the same consumers paying more for premium attributes such as free-range， non-GMO， and pasture-raised eggs will embrace sustainability. Surveys show that younger generations are more concerned about climate change， and some ofthe success of plant-based meat can be chalked up to shoppers wanting to signal their desire to protect the enviro____ent. Young adults ＂really care about the pla，＂ says John Brunnquell altering the food chain beyond what I think even they understand what they＇re doing.＂[A] at a considerably low cost[B] at the demand of regular shoppers[C] as a replacement for organic eggs[D] on specially designed farms22. Larry Brown is excited about his progress in__________[A] reducing the damage of worms[B] accelerating the disposal of waste[C] creating a sustainable system[D] attracting customers to his products23. The exle of organic eggs is used in the fourth paragraph is to suggest ________[A] the doubts to over natural feeds[B] the setbacks in the eggs industry[C] the potential of regenerative products[D] the promotional success of super markets24. It can be learned from the last paragraph that young people __________[A] are reluctant to change their diet[C] are curious about new food[D] are amazed at agriculture advance25. John Brunnquell would disagree with Julie Stanton over regenerative products in __________[A] markets prospects[B] nutritional value[C] standard definition[D] moral implicationText 2One in three Americans who are at least 40 have or plan to have a job in retirement to prepare for a longer life， according to a survey conducted by Harris Poll for TD Ameritrade. Even more surprising is that more than half of ＂unretirees＂—those who plan to work in retirement or went back to work after retiring—said they would be employed in their lateryears even if they had enough money to settle down，the survey showed.＂The concept of retirement is evolving，＂ said Christine Russell， senior manager of retirement at TD Ameritrade. ＂It＇s not just about finances. The value of work is also driving folks to continue working past retirement.＂One reason for the change in retirement patterns：Americans are living longer. The share of the population 65 and older was 16%in 2023， up 3.2% from the prior year， according to the U.S Census Bureau. That＇s also up 30.2% since 2023.Because of longer life spans， Americans are also boosting their savings to preserve their nest eggs，the TD Ameritrade study showed， which surveyed 2000 adults between 40 to 79. Six in 10 ＂unretirees＂ are increasing their savings in anticipation of a longer life， according to the survey. Among the most popular ways they are doing this， the pany said， is by reducing their overall expenses， securing lifeinsurance or maximizing their contributions to retirement accounts.＂The most challenging moments in life are getting married， starting a family and ultimatelyretiring，＂ Facet Wealth cofounder Brent Weiss told USA Today. ＂It＇s not just a financial decision， but an emotional one. Many people believe they can＇t retire.＂26. The survey conducted by Harris Poll indicates that __________[A] over half of the retirees are physically fit for work[B] the old workforce is as active as the younger one[C] one in three Americans enjoy earlierretirement[D] more Americans are willing to work in retirement[A] retirement may cause problems for them[B] boredom can be relieved after retirement[C] the mental health of retirees is overlooked[D] ＂unretirement＂ contributes to the economy28. Retirement patterns are changing partly due to __________[A] labor shortages[B] population growth[C] longer life expectancy[D] rising living costs29. Many retires are increasing in savings by__________[A] investing more in stocks[B] taking up odd jobs[C] getting well paid work30. With regard to retirement， Brent Weiss thinks that many people are __________[A] unprepared[B] unafraid[C] disappointed[D] enthusiasticText 3We have all encountered them， in both our personal and professional lives. Think about the timesyou felt tricked or frustrated by a membership or subscription that had a seamless sign-up process but was later difficult to cancel something that should be simple and transparent can be plicated， intentionally or unintentionally， in ways that impair consumer choice. These are exles of dark patterns.First coined in 2023 by user experience expert Harry Brignull，＂dark patterns＂ is a catch-all term for practices that manipulate user interfaces to influence the decision-making ability of users. Brignull identifies 12 types of mon dark patterns，ranging from misdirection and hidden costs to roach motel， where user experience seems easy and intuitive at the start， but turns difficult when the user tries to get out.Where is the line between ethical， persuasive design and dark patterns？ Businesses should engage in conversations with IT， pliance， risk， and legal teams to review their privacy policy， and include in the discussion the customer/user experience designers and coders responsible for the pany＇s userinterface， as well as the marketers and advertisers responsible for sign-ups checkout baskets， pricing，and promotions. Any or all these teams can play a role in creating or avoiding ＂digital deception＂.Lawmakers and regulators are slowly starting to address the ambiguity around dark patterns， most recently at the state level. In March， the California Attorney General announced the approval of additional regulations under the California Consumer Privacy Act 〔CCPA〕 that ensures that consumers will not be confused or misled when seeking to exercise their data privacy rights. The regulations aim to ban dark pattern—this means prohibiting panies from using confusing language or unnecessary steps such asforcing them to click through multiple screens or listen to reasons why they shouldn＇t opt out.As more states consider promulgating additional regulations， there is a need for greater accountability from within the business munity. Dark patterns also be addressed on a self-regulatory basis， but only if organizations hold themselvesaccountable， not just to legal requirements， but also to industry best practices and standard.31. It can be learned from the first two paragraphs that dark patterns __________.[A] improve user experiences[B] leak user information for profit[C] undermine users＇ decision-making[D] remind users of hidden costs32. The 2023 study on dark patterns is mentioned to show __________.[A] their major flaws[B] their plex designs[C] their severe damage[D] their strong presence33. To handle digital deception， businesses should __________.[A] listen to customer feedback[B] talk with relevant teams[D] rely on professional training[A] guide users through opt-out processes[B] protect consumers from being tricked[C] grant panies data privacy rights[D] restrict access to problematic content35. According to the last paragraph， a key to coping with dark patterns is __________.[A] new legal requirements[B] businesses＇ self -discipline[C] strict regulatory standards[D] consumers＇ safety awarenessText 4Although ethics classes are mon around the world，scientists are unsure if their lessons can actually change behavior， evidence either way is weak，relying on contrived laboratory tests or sometimes unreliable self-reports. But a new study published in Cognition found that， in at least one real-world situation， a single ethics lesson may have had lasting effects.The researchers investigated one class sessions＇impact on eating meat. They chose this particular behavior for three reasons， according to study co-author Eric Schwitzgebel， a philosopher at theUniversity of California， Riverside： students＇attitudes on the topic are variable and unstable，behavior is easily measurable， and ethics literature largely agrees that eating less meat is good becauseit reduces enviro____ental harm and animal suffering. Half of the students in four large philosophy classes read an article on the ethics of factory-farmed meat，optionally watched an 11-minute video on the topic and joined a 50-minute discussion. The other half focused on charitable giving instead.Then， unknown to the students， the researchers studied their anonymized meal-card purchases for that semester—nearly 14，000 receipts for almost 500 students. Schwitzgebel predicted the intervention would have no effect； he had previously found that ethics professors do not differ from other professors on a range of behaviors， including voting rates，blood donation and returning library books. But among student subjects who discussed meat ethics， meal purchases containing meat decreased from 52 to 45 percent-and this effect held steady for the study＇sduration of several weeks. Purchases from the other group remained at 52 percent.That＇s actually a pretty large effect for apretty small intervention， Schwitzgebel says. Psychologist Nina Strohminger at the University of Pennsylvania， who was not involved in the study，says she wants the effect to be real but cannot rule out some unknown confounding variable. And if real she notes， it might be reversible by another nudge：＂Easy e， easy go.＂Schwitzgebel suspects the greatest impact came from social influence - classmates or teaching assistants leading the discussions may have shared their own vegetarianism， showing it as achievable or more mon. Second， the video may have had an emotional impact. Least rousing， he thinks， was rational argument， although his co-authors say reason might play a bigger role. Now there searchers are probing the specific effects of teaching style， teaching assistant＇s eating habits and students＇ videoexposure Meanwhile Schwitzgebel who had predicted no effect-will be eating his words.36. Scientists generally believe that the effects of ethics classes are __________.[A] hard to determine[B] narrowly interpreted[C] difficult to ignore[D] poorly summarized37. Which of the following is a reason for the researchers to study meat-eating？[A] It is mon among students.[B] It is a behavior easy to measure.[C] It is important to students＇ health.[D] It is a hot topic in ethics classes38. Eric Schwitzgebel＇s previous findings suggest that ethics professors __________.[A] are seldom critical of their students[B] are less sociable than other professors[C] are not sensitive to political issues[D] are not necessarily ethically better39. Nina Strohminger thinks that effect of the intervention is __________.[A] permanent[B] predictable[C] uncertain[D] unrepeatable40. Eric Schwitzgebel suspects that the students＇change in behavior __________.[A] can bring psychological benefits[B] can be analyzed statistically[C] is a result of multiple factors[D] is a sign of self-developmentPart BDirections： Read the following text and answer the questions by choosing the most suitable subtitle from the list A-G for each numbered paragraph 〔41-45〕. There are two extra subtitles which you do not need to use. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET1. 〔10 points〕[A] Make it a habit[B] Don＇t go it alone[C] Start low， go slow[D] Talk with your doctor[E] Listen to your body[F] Go through the motions[G] Round out your routineHow to Get Active AgainGetting back into exercise after a break can be a challenge in the best of times， but with gyms and in-person exercise classes off-limits to many people these days， it can be tricky to know where to start. And it is important to get the right dose ofactivity. ＂Too much too soon either results in injury or burnout，＂ says Mary Yoke， PhD， a faculty member in the kinesiology department at Indiana University in Bloomington. The following simple strategies will help you return to exercise safely after a break.41. ___________________________Don＇t try to go back to what you were doing before your break. If you were walking 3 miles a day，playing 18 holes of golf three times a week， orlifting 10-pound dumbbells for three sets of 10 reps，reduce activity to half a mile every other day， or nine holes of golf once a week with short walks on other days， or use 5-pound dumbbells for one set of 10 reps. Increase time， distance， and intensity gradually. ＂This isn＇t something you can do overnight，＂ says Keri L. Denay， MD. lead author of a recent American College of Sports Medicine advisory that encourages Americans to not overlook the benefits of activity during the pandemic. But you＇ll reap benefits such as less anxiety and improved sleep right away.42. ___________________________If you＇re breathing too hard to talk in plete sentences， back off. If you feel good， go a little longer or faster. Feeling wiped out after a session？Go easier next time. And stay alert to serious symptoms， such as chest pain or pressure， severe shortness of breath or dizziness， or faintness， and seek medical attention immediately.43. ___________________________44. ___________________________Even if you can＇t yet do a favorite activity，you can practice the moves. With or without a club or racket swing like you＇re hitting the ball. Paddlelike you＇re in a kayak or canoe. Mimic your favorite swimming strokes. The action will remind you of the joy the activity brought you and prime your musclesfor when you can get out there again.45. ___________________________Section III Translation46. Directions： In this section there is a textin English. Translate it into Chinese. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET 2. 〔15 points〕Although we try out best， sometimes our paintings rarely turn out as originally planned. Changes in the light， the limitations of your painting materials，and the lack of experience and technique mean that what you start out trying to achieve may not e to life the way that you expected.Although this can be frustrating and disappointing， it turns out that this can actually be good for you. Unexpected results have two benefits：you pretty quickly learn to deal with disappointment and realize that when one door closes， another opens. You also quickly learn to adapt and e up with creative solutions to the problems the painting presents and thinking outside the box will bee your second nature.In fact， creative problem-solving skills are incredibly useful in daily life， with which you are more likely to be able to find a solution when a problem arises.Section IV WritingPart A47. Directions：Suppose you are planning a cus food festival，write an email to international students in your university to1〕 introduce the food festival2〕 invite them to participateYou should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET. 〔10 points〕Do not use your own name. Use ＂Li Ming＂ instead.Part B48. Directions：Write an essay based on the chart below. In your writing， you should1〕 interpret the chart and2〕 give your mentsYou should write about 150 words in the ANSWER SHEET. 〔15 points〕考研英语二答案：Section I Use of English1-5 BBADC 6-10 ACCBB 11-15 CDBAA 16-20 DADCDSection II Reading prehension21-25 DCCBA 26-30 DACDA 31-35 CDBBB 36-40 ABDCC41-45 CEAFBSection III Translation46. 参考译文虽然我们会竭尽全力，但有时我们的画作还是会和我们本来设想的不太一样。

2013年考研英语二真题及答案

2013年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）真题及参考答案Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Given the advantages of electronic money, you might think that we would move quickly to the cashless society in which all payments are made electronically. 1 a true cashless society is probably not around the corner. Indeed, predictions have been 2 for two decades but have not yet come to fruition. For example, Business Week predicted in 1975 that electronic means of payment would soon "revolutionize the very 3 of money itself," only to 4 itself several years later. Why has the movement to a cashless society been so 5 in coming?Although electronic means of payment may be more efficient than a payments system based on paper, several factors work 6 the disappearance of the paper system. First, it is very 7 to set up the computer, card reader, and telecornmunications networks necessary to make electronic money the 8 form of payment Second, paper checks have the advantage that they 9 receipts, something thai many consumers are unwilling to 10 . Third, the use of paper checks gives consumers several days of "float" - it takes several days 11 a check is cashed and funds are 12 from the issuer's account, which means that the writer of the check can cam interest on the funds in the meantime. 13 electronic payments arc immediate, they eliminate the float for the consumer.Fourth, electronic means of payment may 14 security and privacy concerns. We often hear media reports that an unauthorized hacker has been able to access a computer database and to alterinformation 15 there. The fact that this is not an 16 occurrence means that dishonest persons might be able to access bank accounts in electronic payments systems and 17 from someone else's accounts.The 18 of this type of fraud is no easy task, and a new field of computer science is developing to19 security issues. A further concern is that the use of e lectronic means of payment leaves an electronic 20 that contains a large amount of personal data. There are concerns that government, employers, and marketers might be able to access these data, thereby violating our privacy.1. [A] However [B] Moreover [C]Therefore [D] Otherwise2. [A] off [B]back [C] over [D] around3. [A] power [B] concept [C]history [D] role4. [A] reward [B] resist [C] resume [D] reverse5. [A] silent [B] sudden [C] slow [D] steady6. [A] for [B] against [C] with [D] on7. [A] imaginative [B] expensive [C]sensitive [D] productive8. [A] similar [B] original [C] temporary [D] dominant9. [A] collect [B] provide [C]copy [D] print10. [A] give up [B] take over [C] bring back [D] pass down11. [A] before [B] after [C] since [D] when12. [A] kept [B] borrowed [C] released [D] withdrawn13. [A] Unless [B] Until [C] Because [D] Though14. [A] hide [B] express [C] raise [D]ease15. [A] analyzed [B] shared [C]stored [D] displayed16. [A] unsafe [B] unnatural [C] uncommon [D] unclear17. [A] steal [B] choose [C] benefit [D] return18. [A] consideration [B] prevention [C]manipulation [D] justification19. [A] cope with [B] fight against [C] adaptto [D] call for20. [A] chunk [B] chip [C] path [D] trailSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1In an essay entitled “Making It in America”, the author Adam Davidson relates a joke from cotton about just how much a modern textile mill has been automated: The average mill only two employees today,”a man and a dog. The man is there to feed the dog is there to keep the man away from the machines.”Davidson’s article is one of a number of pieces that have recently appeared making the point that the reason we have such stubbornly high unemployment and declining middle-class incomes today is also because of the advances in both globalization and the information technology revolution, which are more rapidly than ever replacing labor with machines or foreign worker.In the past, workers with average skills, doing an average job，could earn an averagelifestyle ,But ,today ,average is officially over. Being average just won’t earn you what it used to. It can’t when so many more employers have so much more access to so much more above average cheap foreign labor, cheap robotics, cheap software, cheap automation and cheap genius. Therefore, everyone needs to find their extra-their unique value contribution that makes them stand out in whatever is their field of employment.Yes, new technology has been eating jobs forever, and always will. But there’s been an acceleration. As Davidson notes,” In the 10 years ending in 2009, [U.S.] factories shed workers so fast that they erased almost all the gains of the previous 70 years; roughly one out of every three manufacturing jobs-about 6 million in total -disappeared.There will always be changed-new jobs, new products, new services. But the one thing we know for sure is that with each advance in globalization and the I.T. revolution, the best jobs will require workers to have more and better education to make themselves above average.In a world where average is officially over, there are many things we need to do to support employment, but nothing would be more important than passing some kind of G.I.Bill for the 21st century that ensures that every American has access to poet-high school education.21. The joke in Paragraph 1 is used to illustrate_______[A] the impact of technological advances[B] the alleviation of job pressure[C] the shrinkage of textile mills[D] the decline of middle-class incomes22. According to Paragraph 3, to be a successful employee, one has to______[A] work on cheap software[B] ask for a moderate salary[C] adopt an average lifestyle[D] contribute something unique23. The quotation in Paragraph 4 explains that ______[A] gains of technology have been erased[B] job opportunities are disappearing at a high speed[C] factories are making much less money than before[D] new jobs and services have been offered24. According to the author, to reduce unemployment, the most important is_____[A] to accelerate the I.T. revolution[B] to ensure more education for people[C] ro advance economic globalization[D] to pass more bills in the 21st century25. Which of the following would be the most appropriate title for the text?[A] New Law Takes Effect[B] Technology Goes Cheap[C] Average Is Over[D] Recession Is BadText 2A century ago, the immigrants from across the Atlantic inclued settlers and sojourners. Along with the many folks looking to make a permanent home in the United States came those who had no intention to stay, and 7millin people arrived while about 2 million departed. About a quarter of all Italian immigrants, for exanmle, eventually returned to Italy for good. They even had an affectionate nickname, “uccelli di passaggio,” birds of passage.Today, we are much more rigid about immigrants. We divide nemcomers into two categories: legal or illegal, good or bad. We hail them as Americans in the making, or our broken immigrantion system and the long political paralysis over how to fix it. We don’t need more categories, but we need to change the way we think aboutcategories. We need to look beyond strick definitions of legal and illegal. To start, we can recognize the new birds of passage, those living and thriving in the gray areas. We might then begin to solve our immigration challenges.Crop pickers, violinists, construction workers, entrepreneurs, engineers, home health-care aides and physicists are among today’s birds of passage. They are energetic participants in a global economy driven by the flow of work, money and ideas .They prefer to come and go as opportunity calls them , They can manage to have a job in one place and a family in another.With or without permission, they straddle laws, jurisdictions and identities with ease. We need them to imagine the United States as a place where they can be productive for a while without committing themselves to staying forever. We need them to feel that home can be both here and there and that they can belong to two nations honorably.Accommodating this new world of people in motion will require new attitudes on both sides of the immigration battle .Looking beyond the culture war logic of right or wrong means opening up the middle ground and understanding that managing immigration today requires multiple paths and multiple outcomes. Including some that are not easy to accomplish legally in the existing system.26 “Birds of passage” refers to those who____[A] immigrate across the Atlantic.[B] leave their home countries for good.[C] stay in a foregin temporaily.[D] find permanent jobs overseas.27 It is implied in paragraph 2 that the current immigration stystem in the US____[A] needs new immigrant categories.[B] has loosened control over immigrants.[C] should be adopted to meet challenges.[D] has been fixeed via political means.28 According to the author, today’s birds of passage want___[A] fiancial incentives.[B] a global recognition.[C] opportunities to get regular jobs.[D] the freedom to stay and leave.29 The author suggests that the birds of passage today should be treated __[A] as faithful partners.[B] with economic favors.[C] with regal tolerance.[D] as mighty rivals.30 选出最适合文章的标题[A] come and go: big mistake.[B] living and thriving : great risk.[C] with or without : great risk.[D] legal or illegal: big mistake.Text 3Scientists have found that although we are prone to snap overreactions, if we take a moment and think about how we are likely to react, we can reduce or even eliminate the negative effects of our quick, hard-wired responses.Snap decisions can be important defense mechanisms; if we are judging whether someone is dangerous, our brains and bodies are hard-wired to react very quickly, within milliseconds. But we need more time to assess other factors. To accurately tell whether someone is sociable, studies show, we need at least a minute, preferably five. It takes a while to judge complex aspects of personality, like neuroticism or open-mindedness.But snap decisions in reaction to rapid stimuli aren’t exclusive to the interpersonal realm. Psychologists at the University of Toronto found that viewing a fast-food logo for just a few milliseconds primes us to read 20 percent faster, even though reading has little to do with eating. We unconsciously associate fast food with speed and impatience and carry those impulses into whatever else we’re doing, Subjects exposed to fast-food flashes also tend to think a musical piece lasts too long.Yet we can reverse such influences. If we know we will overreact to consumer products or housing options when we see a happy face (one reason good sales representatives and real estate agents are always smiling), we can take a moment before buying. If we know female job screeners are more likely to reject attractive female applicants, we can help screeners understand their biases-or hire outside screeners.John Gottman, the marriage expert, explains that we quickly “thin slice” information reliably only after we ground such snap reactions in “thick sliced” long-term study. When Dr. Gottman really wants to assess whether a couple will stay together, he invites them to his island retreat for a muck longer evaluation; two days, not two seconds.Our ability to mute our hard-wired reactions by pausing is what differentiates us from animals: doge can think about the future only intermittently or for a few minutes. But historically we have spent about 12 percent of our days contemplating the longer term. Although technology might change the way we react, it hasn’t changed our nature. We still have the imaginative capacity to rise above temptation and reverse the high-speed trend.31. The time needed in making decisions may____.[A] vary according to the urgency of the situation[B] prove the complexity of our brain reaction[C] depend on the importance of the assessment[D] predetermine the accuracy of our judgment32. Our reaction to a fast-food logo shows that snao decisions____.[A] can be associative[B] are not unconscious[C] can be dangerous[D] are not impulsive33. Toreverse the negative influences of snap decisions,we should____.[A] trust our first impression[B] do as people usually do[C] think before we act[D] ask for expert advice34. John Gottman says that reliable snap reaction are based on____.[A] critical assessment[B]‘‘thin sliced ’’study[C] sensible explanation[D] adequate information35. The author’s attitude toward reversing the high-speed trend is____.[A] tolerant[B] uncertain[C] optimistic[D] doubtfulText 4Europe is not a gender-equality heaven.In particular, the corporate workplace will never be completely family—friendly until women are part of senior management decisions,and Europe,s top corporate-governance positions remain overwhelmingly male .indeed,women hold only 14 percent of positions on Europe corporate boards.The Europe Union is now considering legislation to compel corporate boards to maintain a certain proportion of women-up to 60 percent.This proposed mandate was born of frustration. Last year, Europe Commission Vice President Viviane Reding issued a call to voluntary action. Reding invited corporations to sign up for gender balance goal of 40 percent female board membership. But her appeal was considered a failure: only 24 companies took it up.Do we need quotas to ensure that women can continue to climb the corporate Ladder fairy as they balance work and family?“Personally, I don’t like quotas,” Reding said recently. “But i like what the quotas do.” Quotas get action: they “open the way to equality and they break through the glass ceiling,” according to Reding, a result seen in France and other countries with legally binding provisions on placing women in top business positions.I understand Reding’s reluctance-and her frustration. I don’t like quotas either; they run counter to my belief in meritocracy, government by the capable. Bur, when one considers the obstacles to achieving the meritocratic ideal, it does look as if a fairer world must be temporarily ordered.After all, four decades of evidence has now shown that corporations in Europe as the US are evading the meritocratic hiring and promotion of women to top position— no matter how much “soft pressure ” is put upon them. When women do break through to the summit of corporate power--as, for example, Sheryl Sandberg recently did at Facebook—they attract massive attention precisely because they remain the exception to the rule.If appropriate pubic policies were in place to help all women---whether CEOs or their children’s caregivers--and all families, Sandberg would be no more newsworthy than any other highly capable person living in a more just society.36. In the European corporate workplace, generally_____.[A] women take the lead[B] men have the final say[C] corporate governance is overwhelmed[D] senior management is family-friendly37. The European Union’s intended legislation is ________.[A] a reflection of gender balance[B] a reluctant choice[C] a response to Reding’s call[D] a voluntary action38. According ti Reding, quotas may help women ______.[A] get top business positions[B] see through the glass ceiling[C] balance work and family[D] anticipate legal results39. The author’s attitude toward Reding’s appeal is one of _________.[A] skepticism[B] objectiveness[C] indifference[D] approval40. Women entering top management become headlines due to the lack of ______.[A] more social justice[B] massive media attention[C] suitable public policies[D] greater “soft pressure”Part BDirections:You are going to read a list of headings and a text. Choose the most suitable heading from the list A-F for each numbered paragraph (41-45).Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET1. (10 points)[A] Live like a peasant[B] Balance your diet[C] Shopkeepers are your friends[D] Remember to treat yourself[E] Stick to what you need[F] Planning is evervthing[G] Waste not, want notThe hugely popular blog the Skint Foodie chronicles how Tony balances his love of good food with living on benefits. After bills, Tony has £60 a week to spend, £40 of which goes on food, but 10 years ago he was earning £130,000 a I year working in corporate communications and eating at London's betft restaurants'" at least twice a week. Then his marriage failed, his career burned out and his drinking became serious. "The community mental health team saved my life. And I felt like that again, to a certain degree, when people responded to the blog so well. It gave me the validation and confidence that I'd lost. But it's still a day-by-day thing." Now he's living in a council flat and fielding offers from literary agents. He's feeling positive, but he'll carry on blogging - not about eating as cheaply as you can - "there are so many people in a much worse state, with barely any money to spend on food" - but eating well on a budget. Here's his advice for economical foodies.41._____________________Impulsive spending isn't an option, so plan your week's menu in advance, making shopping lists for your ingredients in their exact quantities. I have an Excel template for a week of breakfast, lunch and dinner. Stop laughing: it's not just cost effective but helps you balance your diet. It's also a good idea to shop daily instead of weekly, because, being-human, you'll sometimes change your mind about what you fancy.42____________________________________________________________This is where supermarkets and thci; anonymity come in handy. With them,there's not the same embarrassment as when buying one carrot in a littlegreengrocer. And if you plan properly, you'll know that you only need, say, 350gof shin of beef and six rashers of bacon, not whatever weight is pre-packed in thesupermarket chiller.43_________You may proudly claim to only have frozen peas in the freezer - that's notgood enough. Mine is filled with leftovers, bread, stock, meat and fish. Planningahead should eliminate wastage, but if you have surplus vegetables you'll do avegetable soup, and all fruits threatening to "go off' will be cooked or juiced.44___________________________________Everyone says this, but it really is a top tip for frugal eaters. Shop at butchers,delis and fish-sellers regularly, even for small things, and be super friendly. Soonyou'll feel comfortable asking if they've any knuckles of ham for soups and stews,or beef bones, chicken carcasses and fish heads for stock which, more often thannot, Theyil let you have for free.45__________________You won't be eating out a lot, but save your pennies and once every fewmonths treat yourself to a set lunch at a good restaurant - £1.75 a week for threemonths gives you £21 - more than" enough for a three-course lunch atMichelin-starred Arbutus. It's £16.95 there - or £12.99 for a large pizza fromDomino's: I know which I'd rather eat.Section III TranslationDirections:Translate the following text from English into Chinese. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET 2. (15 points)I can pick a date from the past 53 years and know instantly where I was , what happened in the news and even the day of the week. I’ve been able to do this since I was four.I never feel overwhelmed with the amount of information my brain absorbs my mind seems to be able to cope and the information is stored away reatly. When I think of a sad memory, I do what everyone does- try to put it to one side. I don’t think it’s harder for me just because my memory is clearer. Powerful memory doesn’t make my emotions any more acture or vivid. I can recall the day my grandfather died and the sadness I felt when we went to the hosptibal the day before. I also remember that the musical paly Hamopened on the Broadway on the same day- they both just pop into my mind in the same way.Section IV Writing47. Suppose your class is to hold a charity sale foe kids in need of help. Write your classmates an email to1) inform them about the details and encourage them to participate .2) Don’t use your own name, use “Li Ming” instead. Don’t write your address.(10 points)48 write an essay based on the following chart. In your writing, you should1)interpret the chart and2)give your commentsYou should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET .2013年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）试题解析Section I Use of English1．【答案】A（However）【解析】空前作者讲到“鉴于电子货币的优势,你也许会认为,我们将快速步入非现金社会,实现完全电子支付。

考前冲刺资料——英语二

00015英语（二）考前冲刺资料科目性质：公共课目录00015英语（二） (3)考试题型 (3)学习方法 (3)习题试练` (4)题型一阅读判断（10*1'=10） (4)题型二阅读选择（5*2'=10） (14)题型三概括大意&补全句子（5*1'+5*1'=10） (19)题型四填句补文（5*2'=10） (28)题型五填词补文（10*1.5'=15） (33)题型六完型补文（10*1.5'=15）非选择题 (38)题型七短文写作（150个词左右，1*30'=30） (42)附录 (44)一、英语基本句型 (44)二、时态 (45)三、词性 (47)00015英语（二）考试题型时间：150分钟总分：100分通过：60学习方法平时练习时统计正确率收集整理错题积累高频词汇真题里的词汇经常反复出现思考做错的原因哪里常错练哪里有针对性地突破习题试练题型一阅读判断（10*1'=10）下面的短文后列出了10个句子,请根据短文的内容对每个句子作出判断:如果该句提供的是正确信息,选择A;如果该句提供的是错误信息,选择B;如果该句的信息文中没有提及,选择C。

在答题卡相应位置上将答案选项涂黑。

The Thinking Habit That Changed My LifeI remember one evening three years ago,when my life was very different.I was overweight.I was deeply in debt.I was a smoker.I felt hopeless and helpless.I couldn't change anything.Then I looked up at the sky and thought what a miracle life is.And I resolved to list the good things in my life.I had a wonderful wife.I had five amazing children.I could see and appreciate the beauty of the world around me. The list went on,but you get the idea.Even when things seemed terrible for me, actually I was OK.That night I resolved to be grateful for what I had,and for the people in my life.I started the habit of gratitude.Now many people consider it unimportant. I’m here to tell you that it’s very important.It changes lives.Now I appreciate my wife Eva more.I feel good about having her in my life. And we have deepened our relationship.I also appreciate my kids more.Instead of criticizing them,I tend to notice their loveliness,curiosity and humor.I’mkinder to others around me,at work and everywhere else,because instead of seeing the faults in everyone,I see the good,and am grateful for them.I need less,because instead of thinking about what I don’t have,I am grateful for what I do have.Each and every moment becomes cause for gratitude,and life becomes easier.Without the habit of gratitude,we tend to complain and see the bad in people and things.We can’t change that at once,but you can do something.For example, you can start with a small action.Really feel the happiness that something or someone is in your life,or take a moment to make a list of the things in your life that you’re thankful for.1.I was unhappy with my life three years ago.A.TrueB.FalseC.Not Given2.I drank every day and couldn’t stop it.A.TrueB.FalseC.Not Given3.I was unable to support my family.A.TrueB.FalseC.Not Given4.One evening I came to a new understanding of my life.A.TrueB.FalseC.Not Given5.Many people value the habit of gratitude nowadays.A.TrueB.FalseC.Not Given6.Now I have a closer relationship with my wife.A.TrueB.FalseC.Not Given7.I am now more strict with my kids.A.TrueB.FalseC.Not Given8.I like making friends with people around me.A.TrueB.FalseC.Not Given9.I now try to see the good in others.A.TrueB.FalseC.Not Given10.A small action doesn’t work to change one’s bad habit.A.TrueB.FalseC.Not Given判断技巧解题步骤找准关键词答案详情1.I was unhappy with my life three years ago.A.TrueB.FalseC.Not Given【原文】I remember one evening three years ago,when my life was verydifferent.I was overweight.I was deeply in debt.I was a smoker.I felt hopeless and helpless.I couldn’t change anything.【解析】由第一段可知，三年前作者的生活是非常困难的，特别是从该段最后两句“I felt hopeless and helpless…anything.”可知，他觉得自己很绝望也很无助，却对此无能为力。

考研英语二真题和答案

2021年研究生入学考试英语〔二〕真题SectionⅠ Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark [A],[B], [C] or [D] on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Why do people read negative Internet comments and do other things that will obviously be painful? Because humans have an inherent need to 1 uncertainty, according to a recent study in Psychological Science. The new research reveals that the need to know is strong that people will 2 to satisfy their curiosity even when it is clear the answer will 3 .In a series of experiments, behavioral scientists at the University of Chicago and the Wisconsin school of Business tested students’ willingness to 4 themselves to unpleasant stimuli in an effort to satisfy curiosity. For one 5 , each participant was shown a pile of pens that the researcher claimed were from a previous experiment. The twist? Half of the pens would 6 an electric shock when clicked.Twenty-seven students were told with pens were electrified; another twenty-seven were told only that some were electrified. 7 left alone in the room. The students who did not know which ones would shock them clicked more pens and incurred more shocks than the students who knew that would 8 . Subsequent experiments reproduced this effect with other stimuli, 9 the sound of fingernails on a chalkboard and photographs of disgusting insects.The drive to 10 is deeply rooted in humans, much the same as the basic drives for 11 or shelter, says Christopher Hsee of the University of Chicago. Curiosity is often considered a good instinct —it can 12 new scientific advances, for instance—but sometimes such 13 can backfire. The insight that curiosity can drive you to do 14 things is a profound one.Unhealthycuriosity is possible to 15 , however. In a final experiment, participants who were encouraged to 16 how they would feel after viewing an unpleasant picture were less likely to 17 to see such an image. These results suggest that imagining the 18 of following through on one’s curiosity ahead of time can help determine 19 it is worth the endeavor. Thinking about long-term20 is key to reducing the possible negative effects of curiosity,〞Hsee says. In other words, don’t read online comments.9.A.such as B.rather than C.regardless of D.owing to12.A.begin with B.rest on C.lead to D.learn fromSection IIReading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A],[B], [C] or [D]. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1It is curious that Stephen Koziatek feels almost as though he has to justify his efforts to give his students a better future.Mr. Koziatek is part of something pioneering. He is a teacher at a New Hampshire high school where learning is not something of books and tests and mechanical memorization, but practical. When did it become accepted wisdom that students should be able to name the 13th president of the United States but be utterly overwhelmed by a broken bike Chain?As Koziatek know, there is learning in just about everything. Nothing is necessarily gained by forcing students to learn geometry at a graffitied desk stuck with generations of discarded chewing gum. They can also learn geometry by assembling a bicycle.But he’s also found a kind of insidious prejudice. Working with your hands is seen as almost a mark of inferiority. School in the family of vocational education “have that stereotype...that it’s for kids who can’t make it academically,〞 he says.On one hand,that viewpoint is a logical product of America’s evolution.Manufacturing is not the economic engine that it once was.The job security that the US economy once offered to highschool graduates has largely evaporated. More education is the new principle.We want more for our kids,and rightfully so.But the headlong push into bachelor’s degrees for all—and the subtle devaluing of anything less—misses an important point:That’s not the only thing the American economy needs.Yes,a bachelor’s degree opens moredoors.Buteven now,54 percent of the jobs in the country are middle-skill jobs,such as construction and high-skill manufacturing.But only 44 percent of workers are adequately trained.In other words,at a time when the working class has turned the country on its political head,frustrated that the opportunity that once defined America is vanishing,one obvious solution is staring us in the face.There is a gap in working-class jobs, but the workers who need those jobs most aren’’s Manchester School of Technology High School is trying to fill that gap.Koziatek’s school is a wake-up call. When education becomes one-size-fits-all,it risks overlooking a nation’s diversity of gifts.21.A broken bike chain is mentioned to show students’ lack of.A.academic trainingB.practical abilityC.pioneering spiritD.mechanical memorization22.There exists the prejudice that vocational education is for kids who.A.have a stereotyped mindB.have no career motivationC.are financially disadvantagedD.are not academically successful23.we can infer from Paragraph 5 that high school graduates.ed to have more job opportunitiesed to have big financial concernsC.are entitled to more educational privilegesD.are reluctant to work in manufacturing24.The headlong push into bachelors degrees for all.A.helps create a lot of middle-skill jobsB.may narrow the gap in working-class jobsC.indicates the overvaluing of higher educationD.is expected to yield a better-trained workforce25.The author’s attitude toward Koziatek’s school can be described as.Text 2While fossil fuels—coal，oil，gas—still generate roughly 85 percent of the world’s energy supply, it's clearer than ever that the future belongs to renewable sources such as wind and solar.The move to renewables is picking up momentum around the world：They now account for more than half of new power sources going on line.Some growth stems from a commitment by governments and farsighted businesses to fund cleaner energy sources. But increasingly the story is about the plummetingprices of renewables，especially wind and solar.The cost of solar panels has dropped by 80 percent and the cost of wind turbines by close to one-third in the past eight years.In many parts of the world renewable energy is already a principal energy source.In Scotland，for example，wind turbines provide enough electricity to power 95 percent of homes.While the rest of the world takes the lead，notably China and Europe，the United States is also seeing a remarkable shift.In March，for the first time，wind and solar power accounted for more than 10 percent of the power generated in the US，reported the US Energy Information Administration.President Trump has underlined fossil fuels—especially coal—as the path to economic growth.In a recent speech in Iowa，he dismissed wind power as an unreliable energy source.But that message did not play well with many in Iowa，where wind turbines dot the fields and provide 36 percent of the state’s electricity generation—and where tech giants like Microsoft are being attracted by the availability of clean energy to power their data centers.The question“what happens when the wind doesn’t blow or the sun doesn’t shine?〞has provided a quick put-down for skeptics.But a boost in the storage capacity of batteries is making their ability to keep power flowing around the clock more likely.The advance is driven in part by vehicle manufacturers，who are placing big bets on battery-powered electric vehicles.Although electric cars are still a rarity on roads now,this massive investment could change the picture rapidly in coming years.While there’s a long way to go，the trend lines for renewables are spiking.The pace of change in energy sources appears to be speeding up—perhaps just in time to have a meaningful effect in slowing climate change.What Washington does—or doesn’t do—to promote alternative energy may mean less and less at a time of a global shift in thought.26.The word“plummeting〞(Line 3，Para.2)is closest in meaning to.27.According to Paragraph 3，the use of renewable energy in America.A.is progressing notablyB.is as extensive as in EuropeC.faces many challengesD.has proved to be impractical28.It can be learned that in Iowa, .A.wind is a widely used energy sourceB.wind energy has replaced fossil fuelsC.tech giants are investing in clean energyD.there is a shortage of clean energy supply29.Which ofthe following is true about clean energy according to Paragraphs 5&6?A.Its application has boosted battery storage.B.It is commonly used in car manufacturing.C.Its continuous supply is becoming a reality.D.Its sustainable exploitation will remain difficult.30.It can be inferred from the last paragraph that renewable energy.A.will bring the US closer to other countriesB.will accelerate global environmental changeC.is not really encouraged by the US governmentD.is not competitive enough with regard to its costText 3The power and ambition of the giants of the digital economy is astonishing—Amazon has just announced the purchase of the upmarket grocery chain Whole Foods for$13.5bn，but two years ago Facebook paid even more than that to acquire the WhatsApp messaging service，which doesn’t have any physical product at all. What WhatsApp offered Facebook was an intricate and finely detailed web of its users’friendships and social lives.Facebook promised the European commission then that it would not link phone numbers to Facebook identities，but it broke the promise almost as soon as the deal went through.Even without knowing what was in the messages，the knowledge of who sent them and to whom was enormously revealing and still could be.What political journalist，what party whip，would not want to know the makeup of the WhatsApp groups in which Theresa May’s enemies are currentlyplotting?It may be that thevalue of Whole Foods to Amazon is not so much the 460 shops it owns, but the records of which customers have purchased what.Competition law appears to be the only way to address these imbalances of power.But it is clumsy. For one thing, it is very slow compared to the pace of change within the digital economy. By the time a problem has been addressed and remedied it may have vanished in the marketplace, to be replaced by new abuses of power.But there is a deeper conceptual problem, too. Competition law as presently interpreted deals with financial disadvantage to consumers and this is not obvious when the users of these services don’t pay for them.The users of their services are not their customers.That would be the people who buy advertising from them—and Facebook and Google，the two virtual giants，dominate digital advertising to the disadvantage of all other media and entertainment companies.The product they’re selling is data，and we，the users，convert our lives to data for the benefit of the digital giants. Just as some ants farm the bugs called aphidsfor the honeydew they produce when they feed, so Google farms us for the data that our digital lives yield.Ants keep predatory insects away from where their aphids feed; Gmail keeps the spammers out of our inboxes.It doesn’t feel like a human or democratic relationship，even if both sides benefit.31. According to Paragraph 1, Facebook acquired WhatsApp for its.A.digital productser informationC.physical assetsD.quality service32.Linking phone numbers to Facebook identities may.A.worsen political disputesB.mess up customer recordsC.pose a risk to Facebook usersD.mislead the European commission33.According to the author,competition law.A.should serve the new market powersB.may worsen the economic imbalanceC.should not provide just one legal solutionD.cannot keep pace with the changing marketpetition law as presently interpreted can hardly protect Facebook users because.A.they are not defined as customersB.they are not financially reliableC.the services are generally digitalD.the services are paid for by advertisers35.The ants analogy is used to illustrate.A.a win-win business model between digital giantsB.a typical competition pattern among digital giantsC.the benefits provided for digital giants’customersD.the relationship between digital giants and their usersText 4To combat the trap of putting a premium on being busy,Cal Newport,author of Deep work: Rules for Focused Success in a Distracted world,recommends building a habit of “deep work〞—the ability to focus without distraction.There are a number of approaches to mastering the art of deep work—be it lengthy retreats dedicated to a specific task;developing a daily ritual;or taking a “journalistic〞 approach toseizing moments of deep work when you can throughout the day. Whichever approach,the key is to determine your length of focus time and stick to it.Newport also recommends “deepscheduling〞 to combat constant interruptions and get more done in less time.“At any given point,Ishould have deep work scheduled for roughly the next month.Once on the calendar I protect this time like Iwould a doctor’s appointment or important meeting〞,he writes.Another approach to getting more done in less time is to rethink how you prioritize your day —in particular how we craft our to-do lists.Tim Harford, author of Messy:The Power of Disorder to Transform Our Lives,points to a study in the early 1980s that divided undergraduates into two groups:some were advised to set out monthly goals and study activities;others were told to plan activities and goals in much more detail,day by day.While the researchers assumed that the well-structured daily plans would be most effective when it came to the execution of tasks,they were wrong:the detailed daily plans demotivated students.Harford argues that inevitable distractions often render the daily to-do list ineffective,while leaving room for improvisation in such a list can reap the best results.In order to make the most of our focus and energy. We also need to embrace downtime,or as Newport suggests,“be lazy.〞“Idleness is not just a vacation,an indulgence or a vice;it is as indispensable to be brain as Vitamin D is to the body...[idleness]is, paradoxically, necessary to getting any work done,〞he argues.Srini Pillay,an assistant professor of psychiatry at Harvard Medical School,believes this counter-intuitive link between downtime and productivity may be due to the way our brains operate When our brains switch between being focused and unfocused on a task,they tend to be more efficient.“What people don’t realise is that in order to complete these tasks they need to use both the focus and unfocus circuits in their brain〞. says Pillay.36. The key to mastering the art of deep work is to ________.A.keep to your focus timeB.list your immediate tasksC.make specific daily plansD.seize every minute to work37. The study in the early 1980s cited by Harford shows that ________.A.distractions may actually increase efficiencyB.daily schedules are indispensable to studyingC.students are hardly motivated by monthly goalsD.detailed plans many not be as fruitful as expected38. According to Newport, idleness is ________.A.a desirable mental state for busy peopleB.a major contributor to physical healthC.an effective way to save time and energyD.an essential factor in accomplishing any work39. Pillay believes that our brains’ shift between being focused and unfocused _______.A.can result in psychological well-beingB.canbring about greater efficiencyC.is aimed at better balance in workD.is driven by task urgency40. This text is mainly about _______.A.ways to relieve the tension of busy lifeB.approaches to getting more done in less timeC.the key to eliminating distractionsD.the cause of the lack of focus timePart BDirections:Read the following text and match each of the numbered items in the left column to its corresponding information in the right column. There are two extra choices in the right column. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)A. Just say itB. Be presentC. Pay a unique complimentD. Name, places, thingsE. Find the “me too〞sF. Skip the small talkG. Ask for an opinionFive ways to make conversation with anyoneConversations are links, which means when you have a conversation with a new person a link gets formed and every conversation you have after that moment will strengthen the link.You meet new people every day: the grocery worker, the cab driver, new people at work or the security guard at the door. Simply starting a conversation with them will form a link.Here are five simple ways that you can make the first move and start a conversation with strangers.Suppose you are in a room with someone you don’t know and something within you says“I want to talk with this person〞—this is something the mostly happens with all of us. You wanted to say something—the first word—but it just won’t come out. It feels like itis stuck somewhere, I know the feeling and here is my advice just get it out.Just think: that is the worst that could happen? They won’t talk with you? Well, they are not talking with you now!I truly believe that once you get that first word out everything else will just flow. So keep it simple: “Hi〞,“Hey〞or“Hello〞—do the best you can to gather all of the enthusiasm and energy you can, put on a big smile and say“Hi〞.It’s a problem all of us face: you have limited time with the person that you want to talk with and you want to make this talk memorable.Honestly, if we got stuck in the rut of“hi〞,“hello〞, “how are you?〞and“what’s going on?〞you will fail to give the initial jolt to the conversation that’s can make it so memorable.So don’t be afraid to ask more personal questions. Trust me, you’ll be surprised to see how much people are willing to share if you just ask.When you meet a person for the first time, make an effort to find the things which you and that person have in common so that you can build the conversation from that point. When you start conversation from there and then move outwards, you’ll find all of a sudden that the conversation becomes a lot easier.Imagine you are pouring your heart out to someone and they are just busy on their phone, and if you ask for their attention you get the response “I can multitask〞.So when someone tries to communicate with you, just be in that communication wholeheartedly. Make eye contact, you can feel the conversation.You all came into a conversation where you first met the person, but after some time you may have met again and have forgotten their name. Isn’t that awkward!So remember the little details of the people you met or you talked with; perhaps the places they have been to the place they want to go, the things they like, the thing the hate—whatever you talk about.When you remember such thing you can automatically become investor in their wellbeing. So the feel a responsibility to you to keep that relationship going.That’s it. Five amazing ways that you can make conversation with almost anyone. Every person is a really good book to read, or to have a conversation with!Section Ⅲ Translation46.Directions:Translate the following text into Chinese. Your translation should be written on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)A fifth garder gets a homework assignment to select his future career path from a list of occupations. He ticks “astronaut〞 but quickly adds “scientist〞 to the list and selects it as well. The boy is convinced that if he reads enough. He can explore as many career paths as he likes. And so he reads—everything from encyclopedias to science fiction novels. He reads so passionately that his parents have to institute a “no reading policy〞at the dinner table.That boy was Bill Gates,and he hasn’t stopped reading yet—not even after becoming one of the most science fiction and reference books; recently, he revealed that he reads at least so nonfiction books a year. Gates chooses nonfiction title because they explain how the world works.“Each book opens up new avenues of knowledge,〞Gates says.Section ⅣWritingPart A47. Directions:Suppose you have to cancel your travel plan and will not be able to visit Professor Smith. Write him an email to1)apologize and explain the situation, and2)suggest a future meeting.You should write about 100 words on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not use your own name. Use“Li Ming〞 instead.Do not write your address.(10 points)Part B48. Directions：Write an essay based on the chart below. In your writing you should1)interpret the chart and2)give your commentsYou should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET.(15 points) 2021年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语〔二〕真题答案解析1、【答案】[B] resolve2、【答案】[D] seek3、【答案】[A] hurt4、【答案】[D] expose5、【答案】[C] trail6、【答案】【D】deliver7、【答案】【A】when8、【答案】【B】happen10、【答案】【A】discover11、【答案】[D] food12、【答案】[A] lead to13、【答案】[C] inquiry14、【答案】[B] self-destructive15、【答案】[B] resist16、【答案】[B]predict17、【答案】[C]choose18、【答案】[D] outcome19、【答案】[B] whether20、【答案】[A] consequencesSection II Reading ComprehensionPart AText 121、【答案】[A] practical ability22、【答案】[C] are not academically successful23、【答案】[B] used to have more job opportunities24、【答案】[D] indicates the overvaluing of higher education25、【答案】[A] supportiveText 227、【答案】[A] is progressing notably28、【答案】[A] wind is a widely used energy source29、【答案】[C] Its continuous supply is becoming a reality30、【答案】[C] is not really encouraged by the US governmentText 331、【答案】[B] user information32、【答案】[C] pose a risk to Facebook users33、【答案】[D] cannot keep pace with the changing market34、【答案】[D]the services are paid for by advertisers35、【答案】[D] the relationship between digital giants and their users Text 436、【答案】[A] keep to your focus time37、【答案】[D] detailed plans may not be as fruitful as expected38、【答案】[D] an essential factor in accomplishing any work39、【答案】[B] can bring about greater efficiency40、【答案】[B] approaches to getting more done in less timePart B41、【答案】[A] (Just say it)42、【答案】[G] (Ask for an opinion)43、【答案】[E] (Find the “me too〞s)45、【答案】[D] (Name, places, things)Section III Translation【全文翻译】一名五年级的学生的家庭作业要求他从一系列的职业中选出他未来的职业道路。

英语2考研题目及答案详解

英语2考研题目及答案详解### 考研英语二阅读理解题（模拟）#### 题目一：The Impact of Technology on EducationPassage:In recent years, the integration of technology into the educational system has been a topic of great debate. While some argue that technology enhances learning experiences, others contend that it can lead to a decrease in critical thinking skills. This passage will explore both perspectives and provide evidence from recent studies.Questions:1. What is the main concern regarding the use of technology in education?2. What benefits does technology bring to the educational process?3. How do critics view the impact of technology on critical thinking skills?Answers:1. The main concern is that while technology can improve the learning experience, it may also lead to a reduction in critical thinking skills among students.2. Technology brings benefits such as increased access to information, interactive learning tools, and personalized learning experiences.3. Critics argue that an over-reliance on technology may diminish students' ability to think critically and solve problems independently.#### 题目二：The Role of Social Media in Modern SocietyPassage:Social media has become an integral part of modern society, connecting people across the globe and providing a platform for the exchange of ideas and information. However, it also raises issues related to privacy, mental health, and the spread of misinformation.Questions:1. What are the primary functions of social media in society?2. What are some of the issues associated with the use of social media?3. How can the negative effects of social media be mitigated?Answers:1. The primary functions of social media include connecting people, sharing information, and facilitating the exchange of ideas.2. Issues associated with social media include privacy concerns, negative impacts on mental health, and thedissemination of false information.3. Negative effects can be mitigated through education on responsible social media use, stronger privacy laws, and the promotion of digital literacy.#### 题目三：Environmental Protection and Sustainable DevelopmentPassage:The concept of sustainable development has gained significant traction in recent years, with a focus on balancing economic growth with environmental protection. This passage will discuss the importance of sustainable practices and the challenges faced in achieving this balance.Questions:1. What is the core principle of sustainable development?2. How does sustainable development differ from traditional economic growth models?3. What are some of the challenges in implementing sustainable development practices?Answers:1. The core principle of sustainable development is to meet the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.2. Sustainable development differs from traditional economic growth models by incorporating environmental and socialconsiderations alongside economic factors.3. Challenges in implementing sustainable practices include technological limitations, financial constraints, and theneed for international cooperation.#### 题目四：The Importance of Cultural DiversityPassage:Cultural diversity is a rich tapestry that enriches societies and fosters creativity and innovation. This passage will examine the benefits of cultural diversity and the importance of promoting inclusivity and tolerance.Questions:1. What are the advantages of cultural diversity for a society?2. How can cultural diversity contribute to innovation and creativity?3. What measures can be taken to promote cultural diversity and inclusivity?Answers:1. Advantages of cultural diversity include fostering a broader understanding of different perspectives, promoting tolerance and inclusivity, and enriching cultural experiences.2. Cultural diversity can contribute to innovation and creativity by providing a variety of ideas and approaches to problem-solving.3. Measures to promote cultural diversity include education programs, cultural exchange initiatives, and the celebration of multicultural events.#### 题目五：The Challenges of Aging PopulationsPassage:As life expectancy increases, many countries are facing the challenge of an aging population. This demographic shift brings with it a range of social, economic, and health-related issues that need to be addressed.Questions:1. What is the primary demographic trend that is leading to the challenges of an aging population?2. What are some of the social and economic implications of an aging population?3. How can governments and societies address the challenges posed by an aging population?Answers:1. The primary demographic trend is the increase in life expectancy and the decline in birth rates, leading to a higher proportion of older individuals in the population.2. Social and economic implications include increased healthcare costs, the need for age-appropriate housing and services, and potential labor shortages.3. Governments and societies can address these challengesthrough policies that support elderly care, encourage healthy aging, and promote intergenerational cooperation.。

2012年考研英语二真题答案及解析

2012年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语(二)答案详解SectionⅠUse of English文章分析本文是一篇以人物介绍为中心的说明文。

讲述了身为草根的G.I.Joe，成长为美国对外战争中一名战斗勇士。

第一、二段介绍了一个普通人G.I.Joe的生活背景及在美国和其他国家战争中的英勇表现从而获得美国政府的奖励。

第三段指出G.I.Joe为代表的普通士兵们对和平和安定的平民生活的渴望。

试题解析Millions of Americans and foreigners see G.I.Joe as a mindless war toy，the symbol of American military adventurism,but that's not how it used to be.To the men and women who__1__in World War II and the people they liberated,the G.I.was the__2__man grown into hero，the poor farm kid torn away from his home，the guywho__3__all the burdens of battle，who slept in cold foxholes,who went without the__4__of food and shelter，who stuck it out and drove back the Nazi reign of murder.This was not a volunteer soldier,not someone well paid，__5__an average guy，up__6__the best trained，best equipped，fiercest，most brutal enemies seen in centuries.【译文】数以百万计的美国人和外国人将G.I.Joe视为毫无头脑的战争玩偶，看作美国军事冒险主义的象征，但在过去事实并非如此。

2013年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语二试题及解析

2013年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word（s）for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1.（10 points）Given the advantages of electronic money, you might think that we would move quickly to the cashless society in which all payments are made electronically.1, a true cashless society is probably not around the corner. Indeed, predictions of such a society have been2for two decades but have not yet come to fruition. For example, Business Week predicted in 1975 that electronic means of payment “would soon revolutionize the very3of money itself,” only to 4itself several years later. Why has the movement to a cashless society been so5in coming?Although e money might be more convenient and may be more efficient than a payments system based on paper, several factors work6the disappearance of the paper system. First, it is very7to set up the computer, card reader, and telecommunications networks necessary to make electronic money the8form of payment. Second, paper checks have the advantage that they9receipts, something that many consumers are unwilling to10. Third, the use of paper checks gives consumers several days of “float”—it takes several days11a check is cashed and funds are12from the issuer s account, which means that the writer of the check can earn interest on the funds in the meantime.13electronic payments are immediate, they eliminate the float for the consumer. Fourth, electronic means of payment may14security and privacy concerns. We often hear media reports that an unauthorized hacker has been able to access a computer database and to alter information15there.The fact that this is not an16occurrence means that dishonest persons might be able to access bank accounts in electronic payments systems and17from someone else s accounts. The18of this type of fraud is no easy task, and a new field of computer science is developing to19security issues. A further concern is that the use of electronic means of payment leaves an electronic20that contains a large amount of personal data on buying habits. There are worries that government, employers, and marketers might be able to access these data, thereby violating our privacy.1. ［A］However ［B］Moreover ［C］Therefore ［D］Otherwise2. ［A］off ［B］back［C］over［D］around3. ［A］power ［B］concept ［C］history ［D］role4. ［A］reward ［B］resist ［C］resume ［D］reverse5. ［A］silent ［B］sudden ［C］slow［D］steady6. ［A］for ［B］against ［C］with［D］on7. ［A］imaginative ［B］expensive ［C］sensitive ［D］productive8. ［A］similar ［B］original ［C］temporary ［D］dominant9. ［A］collect ［B］provide［C］copy［D］print10. ［A］give up ［B］take over ［C］bring back ［D］pass down11. ［A］before ［B］after［C］since［D］when12. ［A］kept ［B］borrowed ［C］released ［D］withdrawn13. ［A］Unless［C］Because［D］Though14. ［A］hide［B］express［C］raise［D］ease15. ［A］analyzed ［B］shared［C］stored［D］displayed16. ［A］unsafe ［B］unnatural［C］uncommon ［D］unclear17. ［A］steal［B］choose［C］benefit［D］return18. ［A］consideration ［B］prevention ［C］manipulation ［D］justification19. ［A］cope with ［B］fight against［D］call for20. ［A］chunk［B］chip［C］path［D］trailSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.（40 points）Text 1In an essay entitled “Making It in America,” the author Adam Davidson relates a joke fro m cotton country about just how much a modern textile mill has been automated: The average mill has only two employees today, “a man and a dog. The man is there to feed the dog, and the dog is there to keep the man away from the machines.”Davidson s article is one of a number of pieces that have recently appeared making the point that the reason we have such stubbornly high unemployment and declining middle class incomes today is also because of the advances in both globalization and the information technology revolution, which are more rapidly than ever replacing labor with machines or foreign worker.In the past, workers with average skills, doing an average job，could earn an average lifestyle. But, today, average is officially over. Being average just won t earn you what it used to. It can t when so many more employers have so much more access to so much more above average cheap foreign labor, cheap robotics, cheap software, cheap automation and cheap genius. Therefore, everyone needs to find their extra—their unique value contribution that makes them stand out in whatever is their field of employment.Yes, new technology has been eating jobs forever, and always will. But there s been an acceleration. As Davidson notes, “ In the 10 years ending in 2009, ［U.S.］factories shed workers so fast that they erased almost all the gains of the previous 70 years; roughly one out of every three manufacturing jobs—about 6 million in total—disappeared.”There will always be changed—new jobs, new products, new services. But the one thing we know for sure is that with each advance in globalization and the I.T. revolution, the best jobs will require workers to have more and better education to make themselves above average.In a world where average is officially over, there are many things we need to do to support employment, but nothing would be more important than passing some kind of G.I.Bill for the 21st century that ensures that every American has access to post high school education.21.The joke in Paragraph 1 is used to illustrate.［A］the impact of technological advances［B］the alleviation of job pressure［C］the shrinkage of textile mills［D］the decline of middle class incomes22.According to Paragraph 3, to be a successful employee, one has to.［A］work on cheap software［B］ask for a moderate salary［C］adopt an average lifestyle［D］contribute something unique23.The quotation in Paragraph 4 explains that.［A］gains of technology have been erased［B］job opportunities are disappearing at a high speed［C］factories are making much less money than before［D］new jobs and services have been offered24.According to the author, to reduce unemployment, the most important is.［A］to accelerate the I.T. revolution［B］to ensure more education for people［C］to advance economic globalization［D］to pass more bills in the 21st century25.Which of the following would be the most appropriate title for the text?［A］New Law Takes Effect［B］Technology Goes Cheap［C］Average Is Over［D］Recession Is BadText 2A century ago, the immigrants from across the Atlantic included settlers and sojourners. Along with the many folks looking to make a permanent home in the United States came those who had no intention to stay, and who would make some money and go home. Between 1908 and 1915, about 7 million people arrived while about 2 million departed. About a quarter of all Italian immigrants, for example, eventually returned to Italy for good. They even had an affectionate nickname, “uccelli di passaggio,” birds of passage.Today, we are much more rigid about immigrants. We divide newcomers into two categories: legal or illegal, good or bad. We hail them as Americans in the making, or brand them as aliens to be kicked out. That framework has contributed mightily to our broken immigration system and the long political paralysis over how to fix it. We don t need more categories, but we need to change the way we think about categories. We need to look beyond strict definitions of legal and illegal. To start, we can recognize the new birds of passage, those living and thriving in the gray areas. We might then begin to solve our immigration challenges.Crop pickers, violinists, construction workers, entrepreneurs, engineers, home health care aides and physicists are among today s birds of passage. They are energetic participants in a global economy driven by the flow of work, money and ideas. They prefer to come and go as opportunity calls them. They can manage to have a job in one place and a family in another.With or without permission, they straddle laws, jurisdictions and identities with ease. We need them to imagine the United States as a place where they can be productive for a while without committing themselves to staying forever. We need them to feel that home can be bothhere and there and that they can belong to two nations honorably.Accommodating this new world of people in motion will require new attitudes on both sides of the immigration battle. Looking beyond the culture war logic of right or wrong means opening up the middle ground and understanding that managing immigration today requires multiple paths and multiple outcomes, including some that are not easy to accomplish legally in the existing system.26.“Birds of passage” refers to those who.［A］immigrate across the Atlantic［B］leave their home countries for good［C］stay in a foreign country temporarily［D］find permanent jobs overseas27.It is implied in Paragraph 2 that the current immigration system in the U.S..［A］needs new immigrant categories［B］has loosened control over immigrants［C］should be adapted to meet challenges［D］has been fixed via political means28.According to the author, today s birds of passage want.［A］financial incentives［B］ a global recognition［C］opportunities to get regular jobs［D］the freedom to stay and leave29.The author suggests that the birds of passage today should be treated.［A］as faithful partners［B］with economic favors［C］with legal tolerance［D］as mighty rivals30.Which is the best title for the passage?［A］Come and Go: Big Mistake［B］Living and Thriving: Great Risk［C］Legal or Illegal: Big Mistake［D］With or Without: Great RiskText 3Scientists have found that although we are prone to snap overreactions, if we take a moment and think about how we are likely to react, we can reduce or even eliminate the negative effects of our quick, hard wired responses.Snap decisions can be important defense mechanisms; if we are judging whether someone is dangerous, our brains and bodies are hard wired to react very quickly, within milliseconds. But we need more time to assess other factors. To accurately tell whether someone is sociable, studies show, we need at least a minute, preferably five. It takes a while to judge complex aspects of personality, like neuroticism or open mindedness.But snap decisions in reaction to rapid stimuli aren t exclusive to the interpersonal realm. Psychologists at the University of Toronto found that viewing a fast food logo for just a few milliseconds primes us to read 20 percent faster, even though reading has little to do with eating. We unconsciously associate fast food with speed and impatience and carry those impulses into whatever else we re doing. Subjects exposed to fast food flashes also tend to think a musical piece lasts too long.Yet we can reverse such influences. If we know we will overreact to consumer products or housing options when we see a happy face (one reason good sales representatives and real estate agents are always smiling), we can take a moment before buying. If we know female job screeners are more likely to reject attractive female applicants, we can help screeners understand their biases—or hire outside screeners.John Gottman, the marriage expert, explains that we quickly “thin slice” information reliably only after we ground such snap reactions in “thick sliced” long term study. When Dr. Gottman really wants to assess whether a couple will stay together, he invites them to his island retreat for a much longer evaluation: two days, not two seconds.Our ability to mute our hard wired reactions by pausing is what differentiates us from animals: dog can think about the future only intermittently or for a few minutes. But historically we have spent about 12 percent of our days contemplating the longer term. Although technology might change the way we react, it hasn t changed our nature. We still have the imaginative capacity to rise above temptation and reverse the high speed trend.31.The time needed in making decisions may.［A］vary according to the urgency of the situation［B］prove the complexity of our brain reaction［C］depend on the importance of the assessment［D］predetermine the accuracy of our judgment32.Our reaction to a fast food logo shows that snap decisions.［A］can be associative［B］are not unconscious［C］can be dangerous［D］are not impulsive33.To reverse the negative influences of snap decisions,we should.［A］trust our first impression［B］do as people usually do［C］think before we act［D］ask for expert advice34.John Gottman says that reliable snap reaction are based on.［A］critical assessment［B］“thin sliced” study［C］sensible explanation［D］adequate information35.The author s attitude toward reversing the high speed trend is.［A］tolerant［B］uncertain［C］optimistic［D］doubtfulText 4Europe is not a gender equality heaven. In particular, the corporate workplace will never be completely family friendly until women are part of senior management decisions, and Europe s top corporate governance positions remain overwhelmingly male. Indeed, women hold only 14 percent of positions on Europe corporate boards.The Europe Union is now considering legislation to compel corporate boards to maintain a certain proportion of women—up to 60 percent. This proposed mandate was born of frustration. Last year, Europe Commission Vice President Viviane Reding issued a call to voluntary action. Reding invited corporations to sign up for gender balance goal of 40 percent female board membership. But her appeal was considered a failure: only 24 companies took it up.Do we need quotas to ensure that women can continue to climb the corporate ladder fairly as they balance work and family?“Personally, I don t like quotas,” Reding said recently. “But I like what the quotas do.” Quotas get action: they “open the way to equality and they break through the glass ceiling,” according to Reding, a result seen in France and other countries with legally binding provisions on placing women in top business positions.I understand Reding s reluctance—and her frustration. I don t like quotas either; they run counter to my belief in meritocracy, government by the capable. But, when one considers the obstacles to achieving the meritocratic ideal, it does look as if a fairer world must be temporarily ordered.After all, four decades of evidence has now shown that corporations in Europe as well as the US are evading the meritocratic hiring and promotion of women to top position—no matter how much “soft pressure” is put upon them. When women do break through to the summit of corporate power—as, for example, Shery Sandberg recently did at Facebook—they attract massive attention precisely because they remain the exception to the rule.If appropriate pubic policies were in place to help all women—whether CEOs or theirchildren s caregivers—and all families, Sandberg would be no more newsworthy than any other highly capable person living in a more just society.36.In the European corporate workplace, generally.［A］women take the lead［B］men have the final say［C］corporate governance is overwhelmed［D］senior management is family friendly37.The European Union s intended legislation is.［A］ a reflection of gender balance［B］ a reluctant choice［C］ a response to Reding s call［D］ a voluntary action38.According to Reding, quotas may help women.［A］get top business positions［B］see through the glass ceiling［C］balance work and family［D］anticipate legal results39.The author s attitude toward Reding s appeal is one of.［A］skepticism［B］objectiveness［C］indifference［D］approval40.Women entering top management become headlines due to the lack of.［A］more social justice［B］massive media attention［C］suitable public policies［D］greater “soft pressure”Part BDirections:You are going to read a list of headings and a text. Choose the most suitable heading from the list A G for each numbered paragraph (4145).Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. （10 points）［A］Live like a peasant［B］Balance your diet［C］Shopkeepers are your friends［D］Remember to treat yourself［E］Stick to what you need［F］Planning is everything［G］Waste not, want notThe hugely popular blog the Skint Foodie chronicles how Tony balances his love of good food with living on benefits. After bills, Tony has ￡60 a week to spend, ￡40 of which goes on food, but 10 years ago he was earning ￡130,000 a year working in corporate communications and eating at London s best restaurants at least twice a week. Then his marriage failed, his career burned out and his drinking became serious.“The community mental health team saved my life. And I felt like that again, to a certain degree, when people responded to the blog so well. It gave me the validation and confidence that I d lost. But it s still a day by day thing.”Now he s living in a council flat and fielding offers from literary agents. He s feeling positive, but he ll carry on blogging—not about eating as cheaply as you can—“there are so many people in a much worse state, with barely any money to spend on food”—but eating well on a budget. Here s his advice for economical foodies.41.Impulsive spending isn t an option, so plan your week s menu in advance, making shopping lists for your ingredients in their exact quantities. I have an Excel template for a week of breakfast, lunch and dinner. Stop laughing: it s not just cost effective but helps you balance your diet. It s also a good idea to shop daily instead of weekly, because, being human, you llsometimes change your mind about what you fancy.42.This is where supermarkets and their anonymity come in handy. With them, there s not the same embarrassment as when buying one carrot in a little greengrocer. And if you plan properly, you ll know that you only need, say, 350g of shin of beef and six rashers of bacon, not whatever weight is pre packed in the supermarket chiller.43.You may proudly claim to only have frozen peas in the freezer—that s not good enough. Mine is filled with leftovers, bread, stock, meat and fish. Planning ahead should eliminate wastage, but if you have surplus vegetables you ll do a vegetable soup, and all fruits threatening to “go off”will be cooked or juiced.44.Everyone says this, but it really is a top tip for frugal eaters. Shop at butchers, delis and fish sellers regularly, even for small things, and be super friendly. Soon you ll feel comfortable asking if they ve any knuckles of ham for soups and stews, or beef bones, chicken carcasses and fish heads for stock which, more often than not, they ll let you have for free.45.You won t be eating out a lot, but save your pennies and once every few months treat yourself to a set lunch at a good restaurant—￡1.75 a week for three months gives you ￡21—more than enough for a three course lunch at Michelin starred Arbutus. It s ￡16.95 there—or ￡12.99 for a large pizza from Domino s: I know which I d rather eat.Section III Translation46.Directions:Translate the following text from English to Chinese. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET 2.（15 points）I can pick a date from the past 53 years and know instantly where I was, what happened in the news and even the day of the week. I ve been able to do this, since I was 4.I never feel overwhelmed with the amount of information my brain absorbs. My mind seems to be able to cope and the information is stored away neatly. When I think of a sad memory, I dowhat everybody does—try to put it to one side. I don t think it s harder for me just because my memory is clearer. Powerful memory doesn t make my emotions any more acute or vivid. I can recall the day my grandfather died and the sadness I felt when we went to the hospital the day before. I also remember that the musical Hair opened on Broadway on the same day—they both just pop into my mind in the same way.Section IV WritingPart A47.Directions:Suppose your class is to hold a charity sale for kids in need of help. Write your classmates an email to1) inform them about the details and2) encourage them to participate.You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Li Ming” instead. Don t write your address.（10 points）Part B48.Directions:Write an essay based on the following chart. In your writing, you should1) interpret the chart, and2) give your comments.You should write about 150 words.（15 points）某高校学生兼职情况【2013年试题超精解】1.［答案］［A］［考点］上下文逻辑关系［解析］此类考题形式表明本题考查上下文之间存在的逻辑关系，理解上下文并破解其逻辑关系是解题的关键。

自考《英语二》2012版课程代码00015 课文英汉对照

Unit 1 The Power of LanguageText APre-reading Questions1.Do you usually challenge the idea an author represents? What do you think is active reading?2.What suggestions do you expect the author will give on reading critically?Critical ReadingCritical reading applies to non-fiction writing in which the author puts forth a position or seeks to make a statement. Critical reading is active reading. It involves more than just understanding what an author is saying. Critical reading involves questioning and evaluating what the author is saying ,and forming your own opinions about what the author is saying. Here are the things you should do to be a critical reader.批判性阅读批判性阅读适合于那种作者提出一个观点或试图陈述一个说法的纪实类写作。

批判性阅读是积极阅读。

它不仅仅包括理解作者说了些什么，还包括质疑和评价作者的话，并对此形成自己的观点。

成为一名批判性阅读者需要做到以下几点。

Consider the context of what is written. You may be reading something that was written by an author from a different cultural context than yours. Or, you may be reading something written some time ago in a different time context than yours. In either case, you must recognize and take into account any differences between your values and attitudes and those represented by the author.考虑写作背景。

2023考研英语二题型及分值

2023考研英语二题型及分值2023考研英语二题型及分值第一局部英语知识运用主要考察考生对英语知识的综合运用才能。

共20小题，每题0.5分，共10分。

在一篇约350词的文章中留出20个空白，要求考生从每题给出的.4个选项中选出最正确答案，使补全后的文章意思通顺、前后连接、构造完好。

第二局部阅读理解主要考察考生获取信息、理解文章、猜想重要生词词义并进展推断等方面的才能。

该局部由A、B两节组成，共25小题，每题2分，共50分。

A节(20小题)：本局部为多项选择题。

共四篇文章，总长度为1 500词左右。

要求考生阅读文章并答复每篇文章后面的问题。

考生需要在每题所提供的选项(A、B、C、D)中选出唯一正确或是最适宜的答案。

每篇文章设5题，共20题。

每题2分，共40分。

B节(5小题)：本局部有两种备选题型。

每次考试从这两种题型中选择其中的一种形式，或者两种形式的组合进展考察。

本节文章设5小题，每题2分，共10分。

备选题型包括：〔1〕多项对应本局部为一篇长度为450~550词的文章，试题内容分为左右两栏，左侧一栏为5道题目，右侧一栏为7个选项。

要求考生在阅读后根据文章内容和左侧一栏中提供的信息从右侧一栏中的7个选项中选出对应的5项。

〔2〕小标题对应在一篇长度为450~550词的文章前有7个概括句或小标题。

这些文字或标题分别是对文章中某一局部的概括或阐述。

要求考生根据文章内容和篇章构造从这7个选项中选出最恰当的5个概括句或小标题填入文章空白处。

第三局部英译汉考察考生理解所给英语语言材料并将其译成汉语的才能。

要求译文准确、完好、通顺。

要求考生阅读、理解长度为150词左右的一个或几个英语段落，并将其全部译成汉语。

共15分。

第四局部写作该局部由A、B两节组成，主要考察考生的书面表达才能。

共2题，25分。

A节：考生根据所给情景写出约100词(标点符号不计算在内)的应用性短文，包括私人和公务信函、备忘录、报告等。

共10分。

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试卷代号：1161中央广播电视大学2010-2011学年度第一学期“开放本科”期末考试英语Ⅱ【1）试题注意事项一、将你的学号、姓名及分校（工作站）名称填写在答题纸的规定栏内。

考试结束后，把试卷和答题纸放在桌上。

试卷和答题纸均不得带出考场。

二、仔细阅读题目的说明，并按题目要求答题。

答案一定要写在答题纸指定的位置上，写在试卷上的答案无效。

三、用蓝、黑圆珠笔或钢笔答题，使用铅笔答题无效。

第一部分交际用语（共计10分，每小题2分）1-5小题：阅读下面的小对话，从A、B、C三个选项中选出一个能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题纸上写出所选的字母符号。

1. - Excuse me, would you lend me your calculator?---------A. Certainly. Here you areB. Yes, I have a handC. It ~ s nothing2. -Would you mind if I open the window for a better view?---------A. That's fine, thank youB. Yes, pleaseC. Of course not3. - Must we hand in our homework now?--------A. Yes, you mustn'tB. Yes, you mustn'tC. No, you needn't4. - What's the problem, Harry?---------A. No problemB. I can't remember where I left my glassesC. No trouble at all5. - Oh, sorry to bother you.---------A. That's okayB. No, you can'tC. That's good第二部分词汇与结构（20分，每小题2分）6-15小题：阅读下面的句子，从A.B\C三个选项中选出一个能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题纸上写出所选的字母符号。

6. He asked me where____ from.A. did I came B．I came C．I come7. He is the man____dog bit me.A. thatB．whichC．whose8.-Which do you like better, real movies____cartoons?-I prefer cartoons____real movies.A. and, thanB．or, thanC．or, to9. Are you still here? You were here half an hour ago. Who— for?A. were you waitingB．are you waitingC．do you wait10. -What's happened to Tom?-____to hospital.A. He's been takenB．He'II be takenC．He'll take11.____majority of people agree with him.A. -B．AC. The12. When l was a child, we____wear a uniform for school.A. have toB．mustC．had to13. Those cakes look nice. Can I have一？A．oneB．itC．one cake14. When was the building____?A. completeB．completingC．completed15. Before I got to the cinema, the filmA．had begunB．has begunC．was beginning第三部分完形填空（共计20分，每题2分）16-25小题：阅读下面的短文，从短文后所给的A.B.C三个选项中选出能填入相应空白处的最佳选项，并在答题纸上写出所选的字母符号。

A study has shown that fitness is the key (16)一 long life, irrespective of bodyshape (17) 一even smoking habits. Researchers discovered that people who exerciselive longer than (18)____,even if they are overweight and smoke. The study found that(19) fit of the 6,000 middle-aged men in the study were five times more likely to diewithin six years of the start of the research than the fittest. This was true (20)___themen had heart problems, smoked or were overweight. Scientists concluded that it was better(21) and active than skinny and sedentary. Dr Ken cooper,a fitness expert, said,‘‘You are better off smoking a packet of cigarettes a day and exercising regularly than(22) 一 a non-smoker and sedentary.”Although he adds, "But don't misunderstandme.I am not endorsing (23)一，I am trying to tell you how dangerous it is to besedentary.”The British Government is putting pressure (24)____manufacturers to reduce highlevels of sugar in food and to restrict the hard-sell of junk food to childrenin order toimprove the nation's health. But the new study suggests the Government should encouragemore people (25)_ ．16. A. for B．of C．to17. A. or B．and C．but18. A. those who does not B.these who do not C.those who do not19. A. the little B.the least C.least20. A. if or not B.whether or not C when21. A. being fat B.to be fat C.to do22. A. being B．be C．to be23. A. smoked B.to smoke C.smoking24. A. on B．for C．to25. A. exer cise B.exercising C.to exercise第四部分阅读理解（共计30分，每小题3分）26-30小题：阅读下列短文，从A\B\C三个选项中选出一个正确答案，并在答题纸上写出所选的字母符号。

短文理解1We have two cats at home. One is named Milo and the other Mamma. Milo is a boycat. Boy cats are called 'Toms'. We think that Mamma is Milo's mother. That is why wegave her the name Mamma. We didn't buy Milo or Mamma. They were stray cats anddidn't have anywhere to live. They started coming into our garden. They did not look veryhealthy, so we started giving them milk. Then they started coming into the house, so weadopted them. Because he didn't have a home when he was a kitten, Milo is not very fit. Wehave to take him to the vet once every three months for a special injection. They have livedwith us now for 5 years.26. Sarah got the catsA. before she moved into her houseB. after she moved into the houseC. when she moved into the house27. Sarah thinksA. Milo is a boyB. both cats are boysC. both cats are girls28. Mamma was named 6 Mamma' becauseA. Sarah likes the nameB. she is a girlC. they think she is Milo's mother29. Milo and Mamma wereA. free to getB. cheap to getC. expensive to get30. Milo is not very fit becauseA. he visits the vet for an injectionB. he was a strayC. he is old now31-35小题：阅读下列短文，并根据短文内容判断其后的句子是否正确(T)或错误(F)。