2019年浙江省杭州市上城区中考英语模拟试卷(二)(附答案详解)

2019年浙江省杭州市上城区中考英语模拟试卷（二）一、完形填空（本大题共15小题，共15.0分）
Shawn and Pat were brothers. Twelve-year-old Shawn didn't always do his homework on time, and sometimes he "（1）______ " to wash the dishes. However, nine-year-old Pat, always did his chores（2）______ complaining.
Pat didn't think much about how wonderful he was （3）______ one day he watched Mostly Martin on
TV. One of Martin's neighbors said "Martin is too perfect. He must be a robot."
Pat thought hard. He knew that robots were（4）______ that looked like people, but were not really（5）______ . They always followed orders and did （6）______ right. He wondered how you could know if you were a robot.
Pat asked his （7）______ ，"Am I a robot？" His father laughed. "Sure, and it's time to change your batteries!"
"Dad's just （8）______ !" said his mother, "Of course you aren't, you're our son."
Pat felt （9）______ but still worried.
That night, he went to ask Shawn, "（10）______ can I know for certain that I am not a robot？"
"What makes you think you could be a robot？" He could （11）______ that his little brother was really worried.
"People always say I'm perfect." said Pat. "（12）______ nobody is perfect. Only robots are!" Shawn smiled to himself. He had a perfect （13）______ for his brother.…
The next morning, his mother called, "Pat, time for（14）______ ". Pat tried hard to throw a temper to his mom, he didn't get up early as usual.
He felt （15）______ ，but he was happy. No robot would act this way. Now he knew for sure that he was a real person.
1. A. remembered B. forgot C. expected D. offered
2. A. through B. with C. without D. by
3. A. until B. before C. when D. unless
4. A. children B. toys C. machines D. computers
5. A. alive B. awake C. asleep D. alone
6. A. something B. anything C. everything D. nothing
7. A. classmates B. parents C. friends D. neighbors
8. A. shouting B. nodding C. smiling D. kidding
9. A. worse B. quieter C. better D. sadder
10. A. Why B. How C. When D. What
11. A. find out B. work out C. call out D. hold out
12. A. So B. But C. Because D. And
13. A. question B. suggestion C. opinion D. reason
14. A. dinner B. work C. sleep D. school
15. A. sad B. surprised C. excited D. silly
二、阅读理解（本大题共13小题，共30.0分）
A
What are you going to do this summer？Do you want to do something different？If your answer is yes, then things are about to get exciting. Chanel 9 is having a new reality TV show this year called Teen Island Challenge.
We're looking for 20 teenagers between the ages of 16 and 18 to take part. We'll fly you to a Caribbean island at the end of July and leave you there with a camera group. But don't worry, we'll come back and get you a month later.
So what happens？Well, it's an uninhabited island with no other people living there. It will be a tough challenge because there won't be any electricity or running water. You'll sleep in tents, and you'll have some camping lamps. We'll give you some basic food for the first week, such as flour, sugar, oil, canned meat, and canned vegetables. You'll have to find or catch all your fresh food for the rest of the time. As for your kitchen, an open fire and four saucepans will be included.
Yet it is not all about living with the tough conditions. The show will offer you the perfect escape from the real world. With the white beaches just steps away, you can take a walk on the beautiful sands and enjoy the crystal-clear waters. You'll find yourself fully relaxed in this place.
We're holding auditions（试演）to choose the VERY ONES on January 31 in New York! There's
been a lot of interest in it already. It's going to be a hit show. Book your auditions now!
New Shows For 2019
Audition time：January 31 2019 9 a.m.-5 p.m. （a 30-minute lunch break at 12：30）
DO YOU WANT TO MAKE A DIFFERNCE THIS SUMMER？
THEN JOIN US!
Please contact Gaby：Gaby@
1（800）555-0000.
16.What will be provided on the island by the staff of the TV show？______
A. Electricity.
B. Fish.
C. Fresh vegetables.
D. Tents.
17.There are about ______ between the audition day and the end of the challenge.
A. 5 months
B. 6 months
C. 7 months
D. 8 months
18.What can be inferred from the passage？______
A. A number of teenagers want to join the show.
B. You can only email Gaby if you are interested.
C. The audition will be held on the Caribbean island.
D. People on the island will help you if you're in trouble.
B
As Wibsom Guarin watched the helicopter（直升飞机）flying above, he wondered if the risk had been worth it. Moments earlier, Guarin and his children had hiked to Hermit Falls in Angeles National
Forest, one of the most popular waterfalls in the Los Angeles area. Soon after they arrived, they saw a man got his shoulder hurt when he jumped into the rock pool at the base of Hermit Falls. Less than a minute later, another man jumped and appeared to break both his legs. Guarin said the jumpers just wanted to get a video of themselves and post it to social media.
These hikers, often inexperienced and underprepared, wanted to receive "likes" and shares on Instagram and other social media. This led to a rapid increase in rescue missions（救援任务）. The Los
Angeles County Sheriff's Department Research and Rescue teams had 681 missions in 2017，a 20%
increase from 2016.
The team's leaders say the single largest reason for that increase is people posting videos of extreme
（极限的）activities online. Then, without any thought about the difficulty, others try to
re-create their own 15-second glory（荣耀）. On Instagram, there are a number of posts from
visitors setting out to waterfalls and swimming holes in Angeles National Forest. It seems that many hikers are turning into
models, posing（摆姿势）nearly the same in the same places.
Robert Garcia, the fire chief officer for Angeles National Forest, doesn't discourage people from enjoying the outdoors. But he points out that many accidents are avoidable. These happen either when people go off trail or pay no attention to warnings about an area being closed. Guarin still thinks about the two injured men. "You become worried about what these people want to do. It's risking too much." Guarin said.
19.What is the correct order in which these happened？______
a. Guarin watched the helicopter flying above.
b. A man jumped into the rock pool and hurt his shoulder.
c. Guarin and his children hiked to Hermit Falls.
d. A man jumped and seemed to have his legs broken.
A. c-d-b-a
B. c-b-d-a
C. a-c-d-b
D. a-b-d-c
20.According to the passage, the Los Angeles County Sheriff's Department Research and
Rescue teams had about ______ missions in 2016.
A. 27
B. 136
C. 473
D. 568
21.In Paragraph 3，the writer mainly tells us ______ .
A. how hikers try hard to re-create their own glory
B. how the visitors hike in Angeles National Forest
C. why rescue missions have increased these years
D. why hikers pose nearly the same in the same places
22.Robert Garcia would most probably agree that ______ .
A. it's worth the risk to do the extreme activities outdoors
B. it's dangerous for hikers to enjoy the activities outdoors
C. it's necessary to follow the requirements when people hike
D. it's impossible to prevent the accidents outdoors happening
C
When someone shouts "Fire!"，people's only thought is to get out of the building fast. Firefighters,
on the other hand, race quickly toward the fire. They want to put out the blaze as quickly as possible.
There are more than one million firefighters in the United States today. Firefighters are trained to go to the scene of a fire, find out the intensity（强度）and extent of the fire, judge whether it is safe to enter
the area, and then figure out how to put out the flames. While they are doing all this, they also have the responsibility of rescuing any people who may be trapped by the fire.
23.7% Back in the 1600s, there were no trained firefighters in the American colonies. Putting
out fires was everyone's job. Cities and towns had no indoor plumbing, running water, or fire hydrants, so water from a pond, river, or well had to be carried to the fire in buckets （桶）. When a fire broke out,everyone ran to help. They formed a bucket brigade. Men formed one line leading from the water supply and passed buckets of water to throw on the fire. Women and children formed another line, sending empty buckets back to be filled.
This was a very slow way to put out a fire, and many burned to the ground before they could be saved.
Then in 1736，Benjamin Franklin came up with the idea for a fire department. He
succeeded asking a group of people in Philadelphia to form the United Union.
Fire Company. They became the first official volunteer firefighters in the country.
Today, three out of four American firefighters are volunteers. These brave men and
women do not get paid for their work, but they are in good company. George Washington, Thomas Jefferson and Paul Revere were all volunteer firefighters, too, in their day. In some areas of the United States, you can become a volunteer firefighter. You may have the chance soon!
（1）What does the underlined word "brigade" in Paragraph 3 mean？______
A. A team of soldiers serving in an army.
B. A kind of machine built to hold buckets.
C. A sort of truck used to fight fires in a city.
D. A group of people organized for a purpose. （2）Which of the following statement
about firefighters in the United States is TRUE？______ A. Women do not serve as volunteer firefighters. B. Almost half of the firefighters are male volunteers. C. Most firefighters are between the ages of 20 and 49. D. One quarter of firefighters don't get paid for their work. （3）Benjamin Franklin was the first American to ______ . A. form a fire department B. lose a house to a fire C. pay trained firefighters D. join a bucket brigade
24.What is the author's main purpose to write the article？______
A. To introduce different ways to put out a fire.
B. To teach people to be more careful with fire.
C. To tell an entertaining story about a firefighter.
D. To give information about the history of firefighters.
D
In a room at Stanford University, scientists are studying a small animal called a gecko. It's an amazing animal because it can move very quickly up and down a tree and it can even walk upside down on ceilings. The scientists are particularly interested in the gecko's feet. They want to use the same design on their own robot. The metal robot looks very similar to the gecko. It has four feet which can also walk up walls made of glass or plastic. However, it still has a more difficult time when it tries to walk upside down.
Animals and plants can teach humans a lot about design and engineering. When scientists and engineers have a problem, nature often has the answer. This science is called biomimetics. Bio- means "studying living things" and mimetics means "copying the movement of things". In other words, scientists study animals and plants in order to copy the design.
Take, for example, a whale. Engineers in Canada are studying their flippers because they move effectively through water. The engineers think the shape can also improve the movement of wind turbines
（涡轮机）. Similarly, the boxfish is another animal from the sea which is helping car producers in
Germany. Mercedes Benz is using the shape of the fish for one of its new cars. The shape makes it faster and more fuel efficient.
Velcro is probably the most famous example of biomimetics. Most people have some Velcro on an item of clothing. It was invented by the Swiss engineer George de Mestral in 1948. He was walking in the countryside when he pulled a plant's bur（刺果）from his trousers. He noticed how the bur stuck so well to his clothes. He worked on his idea and the result was Velcro, which became an affordable alternative（替代品）to the traditional zip.
In conclusion, biomimetics has helped to design our world and there are many more future possibilities. Unfortunately, it might take a long time to discover all the possibilities. This isn't really surprising because it's taken nature thousands of years to design its animals and plants.
25.The writer organizes Paragraph 1 by ______ .
A. listing opinions
B. using numbers
C. giving an example
D. showing reasons
26.What does the underlined word "it" in Paragraph 3 refer to？______
A. The whale.
B. The boxfish.
C. The car.
D. The turbine.
27.Which of the following shows the structure（结构）of the passage？（P=Paragraph）
______
A. B.
C. D.
28.Which of the following is the best title for the passage？______
A. Gecko-an amazing animal.
B. Plants and biomimetics.
C. The nature and engineers.
D. Biomimetics and inventions.
三、信息匹配（本大题共5小题，共10.0分）
Nobody imagines that, one day, they might be left on a desert island-but it could happen. So it's a good idea to learn a few key skills that would help you to survive if it happened to you. （1）______
The first thing you need to do is to make a shelter on the beach, near the sea, so that you have a good view of any ships that pass your island. Your most important task is finding a way to get off the island, so you can't miss any opportunities of seeing somebody who could rescue you. （2）______
It's a good idea to build your shelter near some trees. It will provide shade from the hot sun. If you get sunburned you won't be able to carry out the tasks you need to do to stay alive. If there were coconut trees, you could also use the oil from the coconut to protect your skin.
（3）______
Obviously, you need to stay out of the way of any harmful animals or insects. Make a bed that is off the ground-you don't want to share your bed with snakes or other creepy crawlies. （4）______
If you are out in the hot sun all day you will need about ten litres per day of fresh water. If you can't
find a stream on the island, rain water will be your best chance of surviving. You need to make containers
（容器）to catch and store rain water. Large plants with huge leaves are a good way to collect water. But never drink sea water-it will make you even more thirsty.
（5）______
Finally, you need to do anything possible to be seen and rescued. If you don't have what you need to make a fire, you can write "HELP" on the beach using rocks to spell out the word.
A. Make sure somebody sees you.
B. Make a shelter and watch the sea carefully.
C. Make containers to store sea water.
D. Avoid dangerous wildlife.
E. Protect yourself from the hot sunshine.
F. Drink plenty.
29. A. A B. B C. C D. D E.
E F. F
30. A. A B. B C. C D. D E.
E F. F
31. A. A B. B C. C D. D E.
E F. F
32. A. A B. B C. C D. D E.
E F. F
33. A. A B. B C. C D. D E.
E F. F
四、单词拼写/单词释义（本大题共1小题，共10.0分）
34. A study of sleep It's 3：30 in the morning. Tomorrow is a busy day. You went to bed at 10：
00. You need to get up at
6：00 in the morning. But you woke up in the middle of the night, only （1）______ （find）that you couldn't fall back asleep! You're upset and worried. Why can't you sleep （2）______ （proper）？
There may be a surprising answer （3）______ the problem. Dr. Thomas Wehr did a number of research （4）______ （activity）on sleep. During the winter, some people （5）______ （put）in a room with no artificial light （no light from lamps, TVs or computers）. Then he studied the people's sleep patterns.
What happened？The people didn't fall asleep right away. Most were awake for two
hours. Next, the people slept for a little （6）______ （long），about four hours. Then they woke up and for one to three hours, they （7）______ （stay）awake. Finally, the people slept again for four to five hours.
Dr. Wehr discovered （8）______ new sleep pattern. But maybe it's not new. In the past, （9）______ the electric light came out, perhaps people slept this way. Nowadays, we sleep in a different way.
So, the next time you wake up in the middle of the night and can't sleep, relax （10）
______ （you）! Your sleep pattern may be normal after all.
五、单词拼写-单句（本大题共10小题，共10.0分）
35.Even a child of three knows that thirty-three and fifty-seven is n ______ .
36.She has a h ______ of playing with her hair when she's nervous.
37.There was many tears in my eyes when I was c ______ the onions..
38.L ______ we brought our umbrellas,so we didn't get wet.
39.Lily is tired of the red dress because she has w ______ it for many years.
40.Someone who is h ______ always tells the truth and does not cheat or steal.
41.The outer front or back part of a book is called a c ______ .
42.If you b ______ in yourself, I'm sure you can get a great success.
43.It's impolite to talk loudly in a r ______ while eating.
44.Foreigners love pandas so much, which are one of China's s ______ .
六、书面表达（本大题共1小题，共15.0分）
45.假定你是王源，请你对美国笔友Philip 的邮件进行回复，词数80 个左右。

To：Wang Yuan
From：Philip
Hi Wang Yuan,
How are you？I hope you're fine and not too busy! Recently I'm having a survey about "What are teenagers' favorite books around the world？" Can you introduce your favorite book to me？What's the name of the book？
What's the book about and why do you like it？
Thanks a lot!
Yours,
Philip
To：Philip
From：Wang Yuan
Dear Philip,________
Yours,
Wang Yuan
答案和解析
1.【答案】
【解析】（1）B动词辨析。

A. remembered 记起；B. forgot 忘记；C. expected 期望；D. offered 提供。

根据 nine-year-old Pat, always did his chores（2）C complaining.九岁的男孩帕特总是毫无怨言的自己做家务，此处表示"Shawn忘记洗碗"。

故选B。

（2）C介词辨析。

A. through 通过；B. with 和；C. without 没有；D. by 通过。

由下文"People always say I'm perfect." said Pat.人们总说我是完美的，可推测出，此处表示"他总会毫无怨言地把他的家务做完"。

故选C。

（3）A连词辨析。

A. until 直到；B. before 在……之前；C. when 当……时候；D. unless 除非。

根据Pat didn't think much about how wonderful he was （3）
A one day he watched Mostly Martin on TV. 此处表示"直到有一天他看了电视节目，他才知道自己有多优秀"，故选A。

（4）C名词辨析。

A. children 孩子；B. toys 玩具；C. machines 机器；D. computers 电脑。

根据 He knew that robots were（4）C that looked like people.他知道机器人是看起来像人的机器，但并不是真的活着。

由常识可知，机器人是一台机器，故选C。

（5）A形容词辨析。

A. alive 活着的；B. awake 醒着的；C. asleep 睡着的；D. alone 单独的。

根据He knew that robots were（4）C that looked like people, but were not really（5）A. 他知道机器人是看起来像人的机器，但并不是真的活着。

此处表示"机器人很像人类，但并不是真实的人"，故选A。

（6）C代词辨析。

A. something 某事；B. anything 任何东西；C. everything 一切事情；
D. nothing 没有什么。

根据前半句"They always followed orders 他们总是遵循指令来做事"可知，此处表示"机器人做所有事都不会错"，故选C。

（7）B名词辨析。

A. classmate 同班同学；B. parents 父母；C. friends 朋友；D. neighbors 邻居。

根据下文中的"father"和"mother"可知，他询问的是自己的父母，故选B。

（8）D动词辨析。

A. shouting 大喊；B. nodding 点头；C. smiling 微笑；D. kidding 玩笑。

根据下文妈妈所说的 "Of course you aren't, you're our son."
"你当然不是了，你是我们的儿子"，可知，爸爸是在开玩笑，故选D。

（9）C形容词辨析。

A. worse 更糟糕；B. quieter 更安静；C. better 更好；D. sadder 更伤心。

根据转折连词"but"后的"still worried"，可知此处表示"他感觉好多了"，故选C。

（10）B词义辨析。

A. Why 为什么；B. How 怎么样；C. When 当……时候；D. What 什么。

根据下文可知，Shawn帮Pat想办法证明他不是机器人，由此推测出此处"（10）
B can I know for certain that I am not a robot？"表示"我怎样才能知道自己是不是机器人呢？"，故选B。

（11）A短语辨析。

A. find out 发现；B. work out 算出；C. call out 大声说出；D. hold out 坚持。

根据"What makes you think you could be a robot？" 什么让你觉得自己是个机器人呢？可知，此处表示"他发现他弟弟真的很担心"，故选A。

（12）B连词辨析。

A. So 因此；B. But 但是；C. Because 因为；D. And 和。

根据"People always say I'm perfect." said Pat. "（12）Bnobody is perfect. Only robots are!" 人们都说我是完美的，但没有人是完美的。

只有机器人才是！空格前后两部分之间是转折关系，故选B。

（13）B名词辨析。

A. question 问题；B. suggestion 建议；C. opinion 意见；D. reason 原因。

根据下文 he didn't get up early as usual.Pat赖床了，可推测出此处表示"Shawn给自己的弟弟一个完美的建议，让他知道自己究竟是不是机器人"，故选B。

（14）D名词辨析。

A. dinner 晚饭；B. work 工作；C. sleep 睡觉；D. school 学校。

根据前文中的"The next morning…"，第二天早晨，可知Pat该上学了，故选D。

（15）D形容词辨析。

A. sad 伤心的；B. surprised 惊讶的； C. excited 兴奋的；D. silly 傻的。

根据He felt （15）D， but he was happy. 表示"Pat觉得很傻但是很开心"，故选D。

小男孩帕特看电视时知道了只有机器人才是完美的。

于是他想到经常有人说自己很完美，那自己是机器人吗？于是Pat开始探究自己究竟是不是机器人。

做完型填空时，首先要通读全文，了解文章大意。

然后在掌握文章大意的前提下再进行逐句分析，选择答案时要整句分析，这篇文章尤其要注意：在选择答案时要联系上下文，关注时态，语态，搭配及用法等，然后再确定答案。

答案全部填完后，要再通读检查一遍，检查所填内容是否通顺流畅，用词得当，意思正确。

16.【答案】
【解析】（1）D.细节理解题。

根据
"You'll sleep in tents, and you'll have some camping lamps. 你会睡在帐篷里，还有一些野营灯。

"可知电视节目的工作人员会在岛上提供帐篷。

故选D。

（2）C.细节推理题。

根据"We're holding auditions（试演）
to choose the VERY ONES on January 31 in New York! 我们将于1月31日在纽约举行海选！
We'll fly you to a Caribbean island at the end of July and leave you there with a camera group . But don't worry, we'll come back and get you a month later.我们会在七月底把你飞到加勒比海的一个岛上，然后把你和一个摄影组留在那里。

不过别担心，我们一个月后再来接你。

"可知从海选日到挑战结束大约有7个月的时间。

故选C。

（3）A.细节理解题。

根据"There's
been a lot of interest in it already. It's going to be a hit show. Book your auditions now!已经有很多人对此感兴趣了。

这将会是一场受欢迎的演出。

现在就报名参加试镜吧。

可知许多青少年想参加这个节目。

故选A。

短文是一则关于青少年暑假参加野外生存挑战节目试镜的广告。

在通读全文的基础上，根据全文大意，展开逻辑思维，瞻前顾后，认真观察选项，仔细推敲，确定最佳答案。

19.【答案】
【解析】（1）B.细节理解题。

根据第一段"Guarin and his children had hiked to Hermit Falls in Angeles National Forest" "they saw a man got his shoulder hurt when he jumped into the rock pool at the base of Hermit Falls. Less than a minute later" "another man jumped and appeared to break both his legs."和"As Wibsom Guarin watched the helicopter（直升飞机）flying above,he wondered if the risk had been worth it.""瓜林和他的孩子们徒步到了安琪儿国家森林的隐士瀑布""他们看到一个人跳进隐士瀑布底部的岩石池时肩膀受伤了。

"。

不到一分钟后，"另一个人跳了起来，似乎双腿都断了。

"当维森•瓜林看着直升机飞过上空时，他想知道风险是否值得。

可知其顺序。

故答案为B。

（2）D 推理判断题。

根据第二段最后一句"The Los Angeles County Sheriff's Department Research and Rescue teams had 681 missions in 2017，a 20% increase from2016"可知，2017有681，比2016增长了20%，所以2016年为568。

故答案选D。

（3）C 主旨大意题。

根据第三段第一句"The teams leaders say the single largest reason for that increase is people posting videos of extreme（极限的）activities online"以及后面都在讲游客不考虑清楚去的原因。

故答案选C
（4）C细节理解题。

根据最后一段倒数第二句"These happen either when people go off trail or pay no attention to warnings about an area beingclosed."可知，要遵守规则。

故答案选C。

在洛杉矶国家公园的隐士瀑布遇难人数增加的原因。

做题时首先对原文材料迅速浏览，掌握全文的主旨大意.其次，细读题材，各个击破.掌握全文的大意之后，细细阅读材料后的问题，弄清每题要求后，带着问题，再回到原文中去寻找、捕获有关信息，便可得出答案。

23.【答案】
【解析】（1）D 词义理解题。

根据第三段的第四五句话"When a fire broke out,everyone ran to help.They formed a bucket brigade."（大火爆发时，每个人都跑来帮助。

他们组成了一个水桶brigade。

），可知下划线处是指每个人组成了什么，由于大家都是来救火的，所以可以推断出brigade的意思是队伍，因此选择D选项，下换线处所在句子的意思是"他们组成了一个水桶旅。

"其他选项与原文段落均无关。

故选D。

（2）C 推理判断题。

根据第五段的第二句"These brave men and women do not get paid for their work."（这些勇敢的男人和女人工作没有报酬。

）可知消防员没有酬劳，所以D选项错误。

A 选项和B选项在文章中并未提及。

根据文章最后给出表格中的第二行"Between the ages of 20 and 49 75%"（年龄在20至49岁之间75%），可知大多数消防员年龄在20至49岁之间，所以C项正确。

故选C。

（3）A 细节理解题。

根据第四段的第一句和第二句
"Benjamin Franklin came up with the idea
for a fire department. He succeeded asking a group of people in Philadelphia to form the Unit ed Union Fire Company."（本杰明•富兰克林提出了建立消防部门的想法。

他成功地邀请一群人在费城成立了联合消防公司。

）可知本杰明•富兰克林提出了建立消防部门的
想法并组建了消费部门，所以选择A 选项，其余选项均未提及。

故选A。

（4）D 文章主旨题。

原文中有着明显的时间状语，第三段的第一句
"Back in the 1600s, there were no trained firefighters in the American colonies."（早在1600年代，美国殖民地就没有训练有素的消防员。

）第四段的第一句"Then in 1736，Benjamin Franklin came up with the idea for a fire department."（然后在1736年，本杰明•富兰克林提出了建立消防部门的想法。

）第五段的第一句"Today, three out of four American firefighters are volunteers."（今天，四分之三的美国消防员都是志愿者。

）由此可见文章是按照时间顺序来讲述美国消防员的历史，所以选择D选项，其余选项文章中并不涉及。

故选D。

本文按照时间的顺序介绍了美国消防员的历史，早在1600年代，美国殖民地就没有训练有素的消防员，然后在1736年，是本杰明•富兰克林提出了建立消防部门的想法，如今四分之三的美国消防员都是志愿者。

这篇阅读以表格的形式呈现，题目都是细节理解题．做题时可在抓住题干关键词的基础上定位到相应的表格，根据表格中具体细节得出答案．
25.【答案】
【解析】（1）C.细节理解题。

根据第一段They want to use the same design on their own robot.他们想在他们的机器人中使用相同的设计。

文章第一段向我们举例说明了这个金属机器人设计的由来。

故选C
（2）C推理判断题。

根据前一句"Mercedes Benz is using the shape of the fish for one ofitsnewcars.梅赛德斯-奔驰（Mercedes-Benz）的一款新车采用了鱼的形状。

"，可知奔驰用boxfish的形状设计了自己的新型车，由此可推知此处it指代前一句中的车。

故选C。

（3）B .推理判断题。

阅读文章可知，第一段模仿壁虎造爬墙机器是一个例子；第二段作者阐述了第一段的例子中的科学原理：讲明之后作者又分别举了第三段和第四段的鱼的鳍，箱鲀和刺果两个例子；最后一段是结论。

故选B.
（4）D.标题归纳题。

阅读全文可知，本文主要关于科学家们学习研究动植物、并将其优点注入自己的设计发明中，从而为人们的生活带来便利。

故选D。

本文主要讲述了科学家们学习研究动植物，并将其优点注入自己的设计发明中，从而为
人们的生活带来便利。

做题时首先对原文材料迅速浏览，掌握全文的主旨大意.其次，细读题材，各个击破.掌握全文的大意之后，细细阅读材料后的问题，弄清每题要求后，带着问题，再回到原文中去寻找、捕获有关信息，便可得出答案。

29.【答案】
【解析】细节推理题。

（1）B.根据后句
"The first thing you need to do is to make a shelter on the beach, near the sea, so that you hav e a good view of any ships that pass your island. 你需要做的第一件事就是在海边的海滩上搭个庇护所，这样你就可以很好地看到任何经过你岛屿的船只。

"可知说的是搭建一个帐篷，结合选项，应说搭个遮风挡雨的地方，仔细观察大海。

故选B。

（2）E.根据后句"It will provide shade from the hot sun. 它将提供荫凉，以防烈日暴晒。

"可知说的是要防晒，结合选项，应说保护自己不受炙热的阳光照射。

故选E。

（3）D.根据后句
"Obviously, you need to stay out of the way of any harmful animals or insects. 显然，你需要远离任何有害的动物或昆虫。

"可知说的是远离危险动物，结合选项，应说避免危险的野生动物。

故选D。

（4）F.根据前句
"If you are out in the hot sun all day you will need about ten litres per day of fresh water.如果你整天在烈日下晒太阳，每天大约需要10升淡水。

"可知说的是大量喝水，结合选项，应说大量喝水，故选F。

（5）A.根据后句" Finally, you need to do anything possible to be seen and rescued.最后，你需要做任何可能被看到和拯救的事情。

"可知说的是让人看到，结合选项，应说确保有人看到你。

故选A。

短文作者介绍了在荒岛上生存时的注意事项。

做题时结合原文和题目有针对性找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。

推理判断也是要在抓住关键句子的基础上合理地分析才能得出正确的答案。

34.【答案】【小题1】found
【小题2】properly
【小题3】to
【小题4】activities
【小题5】were put
【小题6】longer
【小题7】stayed
【小题8】a
【解析】（1）found. 考查动词时态。

句意：但是你半夜醒来，却发现你睡不着了!根据"woke up"可知，本句时态为一般过去时，所以用find的过去式found。

故填found。

（2）properly. 考查副词。

句意：你为什么睡不好？分析句子成分可知，此处应用副词修饰前面的动词。

故填properly。

（3）to. 考查介词。

句意：这个问题也许有一个令人惊讶的答案。

the answer to表示"……的答案"，故填to。

（4）activities. 考查名词。

句意：Thomas Wehr博士做了很多关于睡眠的研究活动。

activity 是可数名词，根据"a number of"可知，此处应用可数名词复数。

故填activities。

（5）were put. 考查动词时态和语态。

句意：在冬天，一些人被安置在一个没有人造光（没有灯光、电视或电脑）的房间里。

根据句意此处"some people"与"put"为被动关系，应用被动语态，又因这个动作发生在过去，所以用一般过去时的被动语态，结构为was/were+动词的过去分词，故填were put。

（6）longer. 考查形容词的比较等级。

句意：接着，人们又睡了一会儿，大约四个小时。

此处是用人们的睡眠时长和醒着的时长做对比，故填longer。

（7）stayed. 考查时态。

句意：然后他们醒了，一到三个小时之间他们一直保持清醒。

根据"and"可知，此处时态应与"woke up"保持一致，故填stayed。

（8）a. 考查冠词。

句意：韦尔博士发现了一种新的睡眠模式。

此处表示泛指，意为"
一种新的睡眠模式"，故填a。

（9）before. 考查连词。

句意：过去，电灯还没出现，也许人们就这样睡了。

此处表示"在电灯出现之前"，故填before。

（10）yourself. 考查代词。

句意：所以，下次你半夜醒来睡不着觉的时候，放松一下吧!本句主语与宾语是同一个对象，指"放松自己"，所以宾语要用反身代词，故填yourself。

本文介绍了一项关于睡眠的研究。

通读全文，语义完整、适用、合乎逻辑是做好填词的前提。

通过上、下文的句子，充分理解短文的内容，注意发现固定搭配关系，凭借语感积极主动地猜测空格中所缺的信息，根据需要去备选词汇中寻找匹配的答案。

35.【答案】inety
【解析】结合句意"三岁的孩子也知道三十三加五十七等于------．"及首字母n可推出此处用ninety表示"九十"；
故答案为ninety。

即使三岁的孩子也知道三十三加五十七等于九十。

考查根据首字母填写适当的单词完成句子，考查学生对语境的理解能力及对所学单词的运用能力．做题时，先根据句意及首字母提示推出所缺单词，然后根据语法知识确定单词的正确形式，从而得出最终答案．
36.【答案】abit
【解析】根据when she's nervous"当她紧张的时候"及首字母提示可知，有玩弄头发的"习惯"，不定冠词a修饰单数名词habit。

故答案为：habit。

她有一个紧张时玩弄头发的习惯。

首字母填空类型题要充分理解句意，再根据首字母提示完成试题，注意时态、单复数、词性等变化。

37.【答案】utting
【解析】正确答案：cutting.根据常识可知"切洋葱眼睛会流泪"，结合首字母c可知cut the onions是切洋葱，且此处是由when引导的时间状语从句结合was表示"正在切洋葱"，需用过去进行时（was/were+doing），注意cut的现在分词需双写字母t,故此处填写cutting. 当我正切洋葱的时候，我眼里流出许多泪水．
本题考查过去进行时，注意cut现在分词的正确书写，其次了解一定的生活常识对解题。