八年级英语上册知识讲义-Unit 6 The Unexplained lesson 17 -北师大版

学习目标
1. 掌握重点句型的用法；
2. 阅读理解关于奇异动物故事的文章。

重点：
1. When do you get nervous?
2. Pang threw a stone at him.
3. Most of the photos were not good.
难点：most of与most的用法区别。

知识梳理
一、重点句型
【句型学习】
1. When do you get nervous? 你什么时候变得紧张？
get nervous 意为“变得紧张”。

句中get 为连系动词，结构为：get+形容词。

类似的有get scared 变得害怕；get angry变得生气；get dark变黑；get hot变热等等。

What time does it get dark in your town? 在你们那个城镇，天什么时候黑下来？
主要考查get为连系动词，其后要跟形容词，而不是副词。

get的搭配。

1. get+ sb. (sth.) 叫来某人，弄到事物。

Please go and get him.去把他叫来。

2. get+ sb.+ sth.为某人弄到某事物。

Will you please get me a ticket for the football match? 请给我弄张足球赛门票好吗？
3. get+ sth.+ adj.使某物处于某种状态。

We have got everything ready for the sports meet.我们已经为运动会做好了一切准备。

4. get+ sth.+ done让别人做某事(表示动作由他人完成，不是由主语自己完成)。

I’ll get my hair cut tomorrow. 我明天去理发。

（动作不是由主语自己完成的）
5. get+ sb. (sth.)+doing让某人（物）行动起来。

Who can get the machine running?谁能启动这台机器？
6. get+ sb.+ to do使某人做某事
My idea is that we should get a porter to carry our luggage.
我的想法是我们得请个搬运工来搬运行李。

7. get+ sth.+ for sb.替某人弄到某物。

Could you get a school timetable for me?你能帮我弄张课程表吗？
8. get+ done变成某种状态（get是连系动词）。

Your hand will get burnt if you are not careful.如果你不小心点，你的手会被烫伤的。

☆My classmate lent me an umbrella so that I wouldn’t wet in the rain.
A. turn
B. become
C. get
D. take
答案：C
思路分析：题意：我同学借给我一把伞，我就不会在雨中淋湿了。

get wet 变湿；淋湿。

故选C。

2. Pang threw a stone at him. 庞朝他扔了一块石头。

句型为：throw sth. at sb. 朝某人扔某物，意思为“砸人”。

其中throw动词，意为“扔，投，抛”，其过去式为threw,过去分词是thrown。

Someone threw a stone at me. 有人朝我仍了一块石头。

考查有关throw的句型用法。

throw at sb.表示向某人砸去。

与throw相关的短语：
throw away 扔掉；throw about乱扔，乱丢；throw around 乱花钱，挥霍；throw off 匆匆脱掉，扔掉。

辨析：throw...to sb. 与throw...at sb.
throw sth. to sb. 指“把某物扔向某人”，其目的在于“传递”（for sb. to catch），介词to 纯粹表示行为的方向，其动机是善意的；throw sth. at sb. 指“把某物打向某人”，其目的在于“打”（=try to hit sb.）,介词at表示动作在于企图攻击的目标，其动机是恶意的。

如：He threw the ball at me.(=try to hit me) 他扔球打我。

He threw the ball to me.(=for me to catch) 他把球传给了我。

（=He threw me the ball.）
☆Don’t throw stones my dog.
A. at
B. to
C. for
D. with
答案：A
思路分析：题意：不要用石头打我的狗。

throw sth. at sb. 指“把某物打向某人”，故选A。

3. Most of the photos were not good. 大部分照片不好。

most of...意为“大多数的……；大部分……”，其后既可接可数名词复数、宾格代词，也可以接不可数名词。

Most of the people take their holidays in summer. 大多数人在夏天休假。

He spends most of his time travelling. 他把大部分时间用在旅行上。

考题中常考查most of...作主语时，谓语动词的形式。

most与most of的用法比较：
most与most of的区别在许多情况下与所修饰的名词是否带有限定词（如冠词、指示代词、物主代词、名词所有格等）有关，具体说来，应注意以下几点：
1. 若所修饰的名词前没有限定词，通常要用most，不用most of。

如：
Most people agree with me. 多数人同意我的意见。

但是，在习惯上不带冠词的专有名词（如人名和地名等）或抽象名词（如学科名词等）前，要用most of，不用most。

如：
Most of George seemed to be covered with hair. 乔治身上好像大部分地方都长毛。

Most of Wales was without electricity last night. 昨天夜里，威尔士多数地区都停电了。

2. 若所修饰的名词前带有限定词，则用most of，不能只用most。

如：
Most of the people here know each other. 这里大多数人互相认识。

对于可数名词来说，如果是单数形式，不能直接在其前使用most，而应使用“most of+限定词+单数可数名词”的形式。

如：
You’ve got most of the bed as usual.你跟往常一样占了大半张床。

3. 若直接用在代词之前，要用most of，不用most。

如：
Most of us thought he was wrong. 我们大多数人都认为他错了。

4. 如果意思明确，most后所修饰的名词可以省略，但most of后所修饰的名词永远不能省略，也就是说，如果是不修饰名词而单独使用，只能用most，不用most of。

如：
A few people were killed in the fire, but most were saved.
在那场火灾中，有几个人被烧死，但大部分人都得救了。

5. most (of) …用作主语时，其谓语的数需根据它所修饰或代表的名词的数来确定。

如：
Most of her books were stolen. 她的大部分书被偷走了。

Most of her money was stolen. 她的大部分钱被偷走了。

6. most与most of修饰名词时有时在含义上有差别，即前者多表示泛指，后者多表示特指。

比较：
Most people like to spend Christmas at home. 多数人喜欢在家里过圣诞节。

Most of the people I know like to spend Christmas at home.
我所认识的人当中，多数人喜欢在家里过圣诞节。

☆☆I agree with what you said.
A. most
B. most of
C. some
D. many
答案：B
思路分析：what连接的句子前用most of，表示“大部分的”，故选B。

即学即练
☆☆1. She is going to John on New Year’s Day.
A. get marry with
B. get married with
C. get marry to
D. get married to
答案：D
思路分析：get married to和……结婚。

故选D。

☆2. We must do something to stop people from ___ ____.
A. to throw litter about
B. to throw litter into
C. throwing litter about
D. throwing litter into
答案：C
思路分析：stop sb. from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事，throw sth. about 到处乱扔某物。

故选C。

☆☆3. In most countries, a university degree can give you flying start in life.
A. the; a
B. the; 不填
C.不填; 不填
D.不填; a
答案：D
思路分析：most countries此处表泛指，most前不加定冠词the，第二个空处应为“一个高起点”，故用a ,正确答案为D。

二、课文朗读
Read the stories. What unusual things are mentioned?
In China in 1977, Pang Gensheng was working in the forest when he saw something unusual. He got scared. There was a strange man. He was tall and hairy. Pang said he was about two metres tall with long arms, dark eyes and big teeth. The two stood there. After a while, Pang threw a stone at him. The big man was hurt. He was making noises as he slowly walked away.
Dr Robert Kenneth Wilson was on holiday in Scotland near Loch Ness. He saw a strange creature in the water, so he took out his camera. He took about five photos before the creature disappeared. Most of the photos were not good. It was hard to see anything. However, one photo was a bit better. It appeared in a newspaper in 1934. Before that, some people knew about the monster. After that, it became famous. It was called the “Loch Ness Monster”.
In 1966, two British sailors—John Ridgway and Chay Blyth—were rowing across the Atlantic Ocean in a small boat. During the trip, they saw many large fish. One evening, it was getting dark. John Ridgway saw a creature in the sea. It was a huge snake. It came toward the boat, dived under it and came up on the other side after some time.
同步练习
（答题时间：20分钟）
一、句型转换
1. The weather was very cold yesterday. (对划线部分提问)
the weather yesterday?
2. The temperature is only 5 degrees today. (对划线部分提问)
is today?
3. Let’s go swimming this weekend. (改为同义句)
go swimming this weekend?
4. Why did you come here? (改为同义句)
did you come here ?
5. Nick was so nervous that he couldn’t say a word. (改为同义句)
Nick was a word.
二、连词成句
1. the, today, like, weather, what’s
2. won’t, until, back, come, I, leave, you
3. going, about, hiking, what
4. noise, don’t, a, make, loud
5. wood, of, chair, is, the, made
三、根据短文内容填空
Some people prefer to make friends with people who are very much like them while others prefer friends who are very different. These are advantages to both types of friendship. If a man chooses a friend similar to himself, there is no problem that they will share many common interests. They may have similar goals in life. This means that they will be able to help each other in achieving their goals. Two people who are very similar will feel comfortable with each other and may understand each other’s feelings better. Their friendship may be deeper and last longer.
There are also many advantages of making friends with someone of opposite interests and even characters. In this type of friendship, the two people complement(补充) each other. If one is weak in some ways, the other is strong. While two people with similar goals may find themselves in competition, but those who want different things can always support each other. Those who have different interests can introduce each other to new experience and it can enrich(丰富) their knowledge.
四、阅读理解
Spain is famous for its tomato festival, called La Tomatina. It happens in a small town Hanoi on the last Wednesday of August every year. During the festival there are all kinds of activities, but the most exciting part is the tomato fight.
It takes place at the end of the long celebration. You are encouraged to throw tomatoes in the fight. There’re many stor ies about how the festival began. One of the stories goes that during the 1940’s, some friends started a tomato fight, while another story is about a local band. Anyway, everyone in Bunol seems to have a different story.
Before the tomato fight, there are parades(游行), musical bands, street parties and so on. On the day of the fight, shopkeepers cover their windows and doors in order to keep away from the tomato fight. At the same time, thousands of tourists and local people come to the town square together. Then large trucks(卡车) full of tomatoes arrive. From the back of the large trucks, a great town band starts to throw tomatoes at others. Then the crowds fight back, throwing the tomatoes at anything and anyone. Soon the streets are in the sea of red tomato juice.
Everyone is supposed to obey a small number of rules: You must squash(压烂)the tomato before throwing it and you are allowed to throw nothing but tomatoes.
It is usually over in less than half an hour. Everyone then sets off to the river to clear up. Sounds like fun!
1. The most exciting activity of the tomato festival is .
A. parades
B. street parties
C. the tomato fight
D. the musical band show
2. The stories about how the festival began are according to the passage.
A. very clear
B. rather sad
C. very famous
D. quite different
3. On the fight day, .
A. people fight for the whole day
B. people can throw everything
C. shopkeepers are not allowed to watch people fight
D. lots of tourists and local people take part in the fight
4. The best title of the passage can be .
A. Travel in Spain
B. The Tomato Festival in Spain
C. The History of Spain
D. Rules of the Tomato Festival
答案
一、句型转换
1. How was
2. What; the temperature
3. Shall we
4. What; for
5. too nervous to say
二、连词成句
1. What’s the weather like today?
2. I won’t leave until you come back.
3. What about going hiking?
4. Don’t make a loud noise.
5. The chair is made of wood.
三、根据短文内容填空
1. Advantages
2. helpful to each other
3. each other(be)rich
4. Choosing friends/Two types of friendship
5. the first type of friendship
四、阅读理解
1.C 解析：事实细节题。

根据第一段第三句During the festival there are all kinds of activities, but the most exciting part is the tomato fight. 可知答案。

2. D 解析：事实细节题。

根据第二段第三句There’re many stori es about how the festival began. 可知答案。

3. D 解析：事实细节题。

根据第三段第三句At the same time, thousands of tourists and local people come to the town square together. 可知答案。

其他三项均与文意不符。

4. B 解析：主旨大意题。

文章主要介绍西班牙的西红柿节日。