高一英语直接引语和间接引语

选择疑问句 •用whether…or…表达，而不用if…or…，也 不用either…or… • He asked, “Do you speak English or French?” • He asked me whether I spoke English or French. • I asked, “Will you take a bus or take a train?” • I asked him whether he would take a bus or take a train.
在直接引语变为间接引语时需要注意的变化 1. 注意时态的变化 2. 注意人称变化。
3. 注意指示代词的变化
4. 注意时间的变化 5. 注意地点的变化 6. 注意个别趋向动词的变化
直接引语
间接引语
指示代词
时 间 状 语
this, these that, those now, today then, that day this week that week yesterday the day before last week the week before four days ago four days before yesterday the day before the day before two days before yesterday the next day tomorrow the next month next month
4. “Why were you late again?” The teacher said to me. The teacher asked me why I was late again. 5. “I don’t like swimming,” said Sarah. Sarah said she didn’t like swimming. 6. His friends asked him if he would go to Dalian. His friends asked him, “Will you go to Dalian?” 7. “Have you been to Paris?” My classmate asked me. My classmate asked me if I had been to Paris.
2. 如果直接引语所表述的内容在目前和说话时 同样有效，变间接引语时，时态可不变
The children said, “We love this game.” They told us that they love that game.
3.主句谓语动词的时态是现在时态，在引述时， 时态不变。 She says, “I’ll never forget the days in the country.”
直接引语变成间接引语，句子结构的变化
•陈述句 •用连词that引导，that在口语中常省略。主句 的谓语动词可直接用引语中的said, 也可用told 来代替，注意，可以说said that, said to sb. that, told sb. that，不可直接说told that
• He said, “I have been to the Great Wall. ” • He said to us that he had been to the Great Wall. • He said, “I'll give you an examination next Monday. ” He told us / said that he would give us an examination the next Monday.
She says that she’ll never forget the days in the country.
从句时态无须改变的还有以下情况:
1. 当主句的谓语动词是将来时的时候 2. 当直接引语部分带有具体的过去时间状 语时 3. 当直接引语中有以when, while引导的从 句，表示过去的时间时 4. 当引语是谚语、格言时 5. 当直接引语中有情态动词should, would, could, had better, would rather, might, must, ought to, used to, need时
Exercises:
1. He said , “I m afraid I can’t finish this work.” He said that he was afraid he couldn’t finish that work. 2.He said , “I haven’t heard from him since May.” He said that he hadn’t heard from him since May. 3.Tom said “I will see you next week.” Tom said that he would see me the next week.
高考链接
3. Father went to his doctor for _______ B about his heart trouble. A. an advice B. advice C. advices D. the advices 解析：答案B。Advice若作“忠告，劝告， 建议”讲，无论什么情况下都不可数，故 A、C、D各项均属错误。Advice前不能 用不定冠词，但可被some，much，a lot of/lots of，a piece of，a bit of，a word of等修饰。
一般疑问句 •间接引语用连词whether或if引导，原主句中 谓语动词said要改为asked(me/him/us等)， 语序是陈述句的语序
• He said, “Do you have any difficulty with pronunciation?” • He asked (me) whether/if I had any difficulty with my pronunciation. • He said, “You are interested in English, aren't you?” • He asked whether I was interested in English.
高考链接
1. Readers can ________ quite well without C knowing the exact meaning of each word. A. get over B. get in C. get along D. get through 解析：答案C。本题主要考查具体语境中 get短语的用法。全句意为：尽管读者不 知道每个单词的确切含义，但他们能够很 好得读懂，即读书进展得顺利，故用get along。
特殊疑问句 •原来的疑问词作为间接引语的连词，主 句的谓语动词用ask(sb. )来表达，语序 改为陈述句语序 • He said to me，“What's your name?” • He asked me what my name was. • He asked us, “How many car factories have been built in your country?” • He asked us how many car factories had been built in our country.
Homework
Review the knowledge of direct speech and indirect speech and summarize the rules.
解题步骤: 1.陈述句:
“I don’t like computers,” Sarah said to her friends.
地点状语
方向性动词
here come, bring
there go, take
谓语动词时态变化(参见《双语报》B3), 需要注意几点：
1.直接引语表述的是客观真理，变为间接引语时， 时态不变
The geography teacher said, “The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.” The geography teacher told us that the sun rises in the east and sets in the west.
Grammar
Direct and Indirect Speech
直接引语和间接引语
Grammar: Direct and Indirect Speech (1) 1. 转述他人的陈述→陈述句 He said , “I’m going to Beijing.” → He said that he was going to Beijing. 2. 转述他人的疑问→一般疑问句 He asked, “Are you a teacher?” → He asked me if /whether I was a doctor. 3. 转述他人的问题→特殊疑问句 She said , “What are you doing?” → She asked me what I was doing.
Sarah said to her friends that I don’t like computers. Sarah said she didn’t
Sarah said to her friends that she didn’t like computers.
2.一般疑问句: Is it easy to improve the condition of the soil?
高考链接
2. It’s hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I ______ in love, at the age of B seven, with the Melinda Cox Library in my hometown. A. wouldn’t have fallen B. had not fallen C. should fall D. were to fall 解析：答案B。本题考查了fall in love在虚拟语气 中的应用，从标志性时间状语at the age of seven看，宾语从句内容意指过去。在虚拟语气 结构中，若指过去，从句中动词形式用过去完成 时，主句中谓语动词形式用would/should/might/ could/have done。
3.特殊疑问句：
When do you harvest the wheat ? ( They asked him )
you harvest the wheat
They asked him When you harvest the wheat. he
harvested They asked him when he harvested the wheat.
高考链接
4. I wonder how he ____ that to the teacher. D A. dare to say B. dare saying C. not dare say D. dared say 解析：答案D。本题主要考查了dare作为 情态动词和实义动词的基本用法。作为实 义动词，dare有人称、数和时态的变化， 故dare to say与主语he相悖；dare doing 结构本身错误；dare的否定形式应为dare not do(情态动词)或don’t/doesn’t/didn’t dare (实义动词) to do。
( They asked him )
It is easy to improve the of the soil. They asked him
if
it is easy to improve the condition of the soil. is was
asked
They asked him if it was easy to improve the condition of the soil.