中考英语语法复习方案15--句子、连词

中考英语语法复习方案11《句子、连词》
简单句、并列句、复合句(状语从句)连词
【趋势解读】
(1)句子是英语大厦的基石和灵魂，它是英语交际最基本的单位。

句子是由若干单词或词组按一定的语言顺序和规则形成的排列组合，而组合句子的单词或词组叫作句子成分。

英语的篇章就是由句子构成的，因此弄清句子成分和结构不但是进一步学习复合句和特殊句式的基础，也是阅读理解、完形填空、书面表达能力提升的关键所在。

(2)连词是一种虚词，不能单独充当句子成分，但它犹如过河的卒子，能量巨大，因为它是连接词与词、词组与词组或句子的桥梁。

它也是英语单词、词组和句子的逻辑符号，属于并列关系的词、词组、句子由并列连词连接，而从属连词用采连接两个有主从关系的句子。

【思维引导】
精彩笔记1 简单句五种基本句型
无论句子的结构多么复杂，都不会超出简单句的五种基本框架。

长句、难句都是这五种句型的扩充、套用和连用。

影响句型结构的主要因素是谓语动词。

“主谓”句型——主语+谓语
“主谓宾”句型(一) ——主语+谓语+宾语
简单句五种基本句型“主谓宾”句型(二) ——主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语
“主谓宾”句型(三) ——主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语
“主系表”句型——主语+系动词+表语
核心题根1 将下列词或词组连成句子。

(1)immediately/left/he
(2)we/at/home/stay/on Sundays
(3)the little boy/an apple八his morning/ate/greedily/in the kitchen
思路点拨:考查“主语十谓语”和“主语+谓语+宾语”句型。

在“主谓”句型中，谓语动词是不及物的，其后可以接副词，说明动作发生的时间、地点、方式等。

具体顺序为:主/动/宾语或补足语/方式状语/地点状语/时间状语。

(4)the man/a bottle of beer/to/the waiter/brought
(5)her new dress/her husband/showed/she
(6)we/an honest boy/all/think/him
思路点拨:考查“主谓宾”句型中双宾语和复合宾语(宾语+宾语补足语)。

简单句的语序是主谓语先行，修饰语左右，动词的修饰状语一般在动词后，名词的修饰定语一般在名词的前面。

(7)for years/the house/empty/stood
(8)very angry/became/after/the news/she
思路点拨:系表句型的语序为“主+系+表”。

注意:除了be动词之外，还有一些表示感官
和变化等的系动词。

时间状语也可以置于句首。

同类变式1 将所给词语连成句子，标点已给出。

要求:符合语法，语句通顺，大小写正确，词语不得重复使用。

(1)I, go on, yesterday, a trip
(2)it，I，was，school trip，first
(3)we，happy, sang, on the way
(4)interesting activity，many, there were
(5)what，we，a, wonder, time，had
方法技巧
六个成分即叙述的六要素:
①who(谁做，主语)，②action(做什么，谓语)，③who/which/what(被做了什么，宾语)，④how(状语，怎么做)，⑤where (状语，在哪里做)，⑥when(状语，何时做)。

注意:时间状语可以置于句末，也可以置于句首。

精彩笔记2 both ... and ... , neither ... nor ... , either ... or...的用法
连词是一种虚词，不能单独充当句子成分，连词用来连接单词、词组或句子。

连词分为并列连词和从属连词。

表示两个都用both ... and ...;两个中任选一个用either... or ...;两个中一个也不要(不是)，用neither ...nor...。

核心题根 2 (1)—Where are you going to stay when you get to Shanghai?一I may live in a hotel in a friend's house.
A. both; and
B. either; or
C. neither; nor
D. not only; but also
思路点拨:both... and...“……和……都”;either ... or ...“要么……，要么……”;neither ... nor ...“不……，也不……”; not only ... but also ...“不但……而且……”。

答语句意:也许我要么住在旅馆里，要么住在朋友家里。

表示从两个中任意选择一个。

(2) Tom Peter are fond of watching TV.
A. Not only; but also
B. Both; and
C. Either; or
D. Neither; nor
思路点拨:neither ... nor…既不……也不……; either ... or...要么……要么……;not only... but also...不仅……而且……。

这三组连词用于连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词与最后一个主语保持一致，即“就近原则”。

both ... and...两个都……，连接两个并列的主语时，谓语动词用复数。

(3)—Tim, how do your parents like pop music?一my dad my mom likes it. They both prefer classical music.
A. Either...or
B. Neither...nor
C. Not only…but also
思路点拨:由答语后句句意“他们两个更喜欢古典音乐”可推知答语前句句意为“我的爸爸和妈妈都不喜欢它(流行音乐)”。

neither... nor...“既不也不……”，符合句意，故选B。

同类变式2 —How do you like the two pairs of shorts?
—They don't fit me well. They are too long too short.
A. not only; but also
B. both; and
C. neither; nor
D. either; or
(2)—I hear your grandpa your grandma like watching Beijing Opera.—Right, just as many old people do in our city.
A. both; and
B. either; or
C. neither; nor
D. not only; but also
知识归纳
并列连词的类别:
(1)表示并列:and和;nor也不;neither ...nor既不……也不……;both ...and……和……都，不但……而且;not only ... but(also)不但……而且;as well as ……和……，不但……而且
(2)表示选择:or或者，否则;otherwise否则;either ... or或……或……，不是……就是
(3)表示转折:but但是;while然而(对比);however可是，然而;yet然而，可是，而且;still 然而，还是
(4)表示因果:for因为，由于;therefore所以，因此;so因此，所以;thus因此
精彩笔记3 “祈使句+and/or+陈述句”结构
(1)and用于“祈使句+and+简单句”这一结构中，其中祈使句相当于一个肯定的条件状语从句，并列连词and引导的简单句常用一般将来时。

如:
Go at once, and you will see her. =If you go at once, you will see her.马上去，那么你就会见到她了。

(2)用于“祈使句+or+简单句”这一结构中，祈使句相当于一个否定的条件状语从句，并列连词or引导的简单句常用一般将来时。

核心题根3 Read this article, you will understand that not everything can be bought with money.
A. or
B. and
C. but
D. so
思路点拨:该题考查并列句的句式结构:祈使句+and/or+简单句(常用一般将来时)。

or“否则”，表示相反的结果;and“并且”，表示顺承关系。

由句意“读这篇文章，你就会明白并不是所有的东西都可以用钱来买”可知表示顺承关系，故用and。

同类变式3 Spend more time talking with your parents, they may not well understand you。

A. or
B. so
C. and
D. but
易错警示
连接并列的两个人或物时，在肯定句中用and，在否定句中用or。

如:The elephant isn't like a spear, or a snake, or a tree, neither is he like a fan.
精彩笔记4 表递进关系、选择关系和转折关系的并列句
并列句由两个或两个以上并列而又独立的简单句构成。

在并列句中，这些简单句常由并列连词连在一起。

并列连词所连接的简单句被称为分句。

常见的并列句有四种:表递进关系，表选择关系，表转折关系，表因果关系。

核心题根4 (1) Confucius once said, “Everything has its beauty, not everyone sees it.”
A. but
B. or
C. and
D. so
思路点拨:but“然而，但是”，表示转折;or“或者”，表示选择;and“和，而且”，表示并列或顺承。

“万物皆有动人之处”与“并非众人皆能洞悉”之间是转折关系。

(2) Practice more, you'll do better in playing chess.
A. but
B. and
C. when
D. after
思路点拨:该句为“祈使句+and+简单句”结构，其意义相当于if引导的肯定意义的条件
状语从句。

其中and表示前后为顺承关系。

句意:多训练，你在下国际象棋方面会做得更好。

同类变式4 (1) You have to move out of the way the truck cannot get past you.
A. so
B. or
C. and
D. but
(2) Mike was usually so careful, this time he made a small mistake.
A. yet
B. still
C. even
D. thus
(3) At school, some students are active some are shy, yet they can be good friends with one another.
A. while
B. although
C. so
D. as
方法技巧
(1) while用作并列连词，意为“而，却”，表示对比。

(2)yet的用法很灵活，兼具连词与副词两种词性。

如:
①He is poor, yet he is happy.(连词，表转折，注意此时yet的位置且前面必须加逗号。

)
②He is poor, and yet he is happy.(副词，表转折，因为前面有并列连词and。

)
③Though he is poor, yet he is happy.(副词，表转折。

)
精彩笔记5 常用的并列连词
表示因果关系常用的并列连词有so, for.
when还可用作并列连词，其意思为“这时，那时”，相当于and at this /that time。

常用于下列句式:①sb was doing sth when…②sb was about to do/going to do /on the point of doing sth when…③sb had just done sth when…
核心题根5 (1) One Friday, we were packing to leave for a weekend away
my daughter heard cries for help.
A. after
B. while
C. since
D. when
思路点拨:句意:一个周五，我们正在打包要出去度周末，就在那时我女儿听到有人求救的声音。

本题考查“be doing ... when ...”这一句型结构。

(2) It was raining heavily, we decided to stay at home and watch TV.
A. but
B. or
C. because
D. so
思路点拨:but“但是”;or“否则，或者”;because“因为”;so“因此，所以”。

根据句意“雨下得很大，因此我们决定待在家里看电视”可知，so符合题意。

同类变式5 正确的并列连词填空。

(1) English is understood all over the world Turkish is spoken by only a few people outside Turkey itself.
(2) He was just going to sleep he heard someone shout，“Fire! Fire!”
(3)She is seriously ill, she doesn't give up hope.
(4) He is a good teacher, he is very popular with students.
(5) does he do well in English, but he does well in math.
(6) I was wandering through the street I caught sight of a tailor's shop.
易错警示
1. for
(1)介词:“为了”，表示目的。

(2)连词:“因为”，表示原因，语气比because弱。

2. when
(1)副词，“什么时候”。

(2)从属连词，“当……时”。

(3)并列连词，“这时，那时”。

精彩笔记6 时间状语从句
复合句是由主句和从句组成的。

主句是复合句的主体。

从句由从属连接词引导，从句本身有自己的主语、谓语及其他成分。

但是，从句不能独立存在。

根据从句在复合句中的语法功能，从句分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、定语从句和状语从句。

主语从句
名词性从句由that, if, whether引导的宾语从句
表语从句
同位语从句
由when，while，as，before，after，as soon as，since until, once等引导的时间状语从句
由if，unless，as long as等引导的条件状语从句
由because，as，since等引导的原因状语从句
由in order that，so that等引导的目的状语从句
状语从句由although，though，even if，even though等引导的让步状语从句
由so…that，such…that，so that等引导的结果状语从句
由where, wherever等引导的地点状语从句
由as... as... ，not as /so ... as ... , than等引导的比较状语从句
由as, as if，as though等引导的方式状语从句
状语从句是在句中起副词作用的句子，可用于复合句的句首或句末。

句式为:“状语从句+逗号+主句”或“主句+状语从句”。

when, while, as引导时间状语从句时的区别:①when可表示片刻时间，也可表示一段时间。

主句动词的动作可与从句动词的动作同时发生也可不同时发生。

②while表示一段时间。

主句动作与从句动作同时发生，从句中必须用连续性动词。

③as表示从句动作与主句动作同时发生，常译为“一边……一边……”。

核心题根6 (1) Mary made coffee her guests were finishing their meal.
A. so that
B. although
C. while
D. as if
思路点拨:句意:Mary在客人们快吃完饭时给他们沏咖啡。

题中所给四个选项都是从属连词，都可以引导状语从句。

A项so that意为“以至于，为的是”，引导结果和目的状语从句。

B项although意为“虽然，但是”，引导让步状语从句。

D项as if意为“好像”，引导方式状语从句。

这三项都不符合本句句意。

C项while意为“当……的时候”，引导时间状语从句，while表示主句动作与从句动作同时发生，从句中必须用连续性动词，常用进行时态。

(2) He's not a perfect child. He sometimes talks back his parents talk with him.
A. if
B. before
C. when
D. until
思路点拨:if`“如果;是否”，可用于引导条件状语从句和宾语从句;before“在……之前”，用于引导时间状语从句;when“当……时”，可用于引导时间状语从句;until“直到……为止”，用于引导时间状语从句。

句意为:“他不是一个完美的孩子。

当他父母和他谈话时，他有时候顶嘴。

”
(3) He smiled politely Mary apologized for her drunken friends.
A. as
B. if
C. unless
D. though
思路点拨:句意:当玛丽代她醉酒的朋友们致歉时，他有礼貌地笑了。

本题考查时间状语从句。

as当……的时候，相当于when。

B,C,D均不符合题意。

同类变式6 用when，while或as填空。

(1) I was walking down the street，I noticed a police car in front of the store.
(2) John arrived, I was cooking lunch.
(3) he grew older，he lost interest in everything except gardening.
(4)I loved history I was at school.
规律总结
如果主句表示的是短暂动作，而从句用延续性动词的进行时态表示在一段时间内正在进行的动作，此时when, while与as可互换使用。

如:
When/While/As I was walking down the street, I came across an old friend of mine.
当我沿大街行走时，碰巧遇到了我的一个老朋友。

精彩笔记7 as soon as, once, until, since, before, every time等引导的时间状语从句
1. before
若表达“还未……就……;不到……就……; ……才……;还没来得及……就……”时，需用连词before。

如:We had sailed four days and four nights before we saw land.
before从句中的谓语不用否定式。

如:Before they reached the station, the train had gone.他们还没到火车站，火车就已开走了。

2. since
(1) since从句的谓语动词一般是非延续性动词，主句的谓语动词是延续性的或者是反复发生过的动作。

since从句的时态若是一般过去时，相应地，主句中的时态是现在完成时或现在完成进行时。

(2)在“It is+一段时间+since从句”句型中，时间的计算一律从since从句中谓语动词所表示的动作完成或表示的状态结束时算起。

如:It is three years since the war broke out.自战争爆发以来有三年了。

It is three years since I stopped smoking.我不吸烟有三年了。

3. every time, each time, next time, the last time, any time等名词短语用来引导时间状语从句，表示“每当……，每次……，下次……”等。

如:Every/Each time I was in trouble, he would come to help me out.每当我处于困境，他就会来帮助我。

核心题根7 (1)You can't borrow books from the school library you get your student card.
A. before
B. if
C. while
D. as
思路点拨:句意:你拿到你的学生证以后才能从学校图书馆借书。

只有A项符合句意。

(2) you start eating in a healthier way，weight control will become much easier.
A. Unless
B. Although
C. Before
D. Once
思路点拨:句意:一旦你开始遵循更健康的饮食方式，体重的控制会变得更容易。

本题考查状语从句。

A:除非;B:虽然;C:在……之前;D:一旦。

(3) The students can't go home they finish cleaning the classroom, for it's their duty.
A. when
B. since
C. if
D. until
思路点拨: until“直到……为止”，引导时间状语从句，可构成not ... until…“直到……才……”。

句意为:“学生们直到打扫完教室才能回家，因为这是他们的责任。

”
同类变式7 (1) I was watching TV my brother was writing an e-mail at home at this time last night.
A. as soon as
B. after
C. until
D. while
(2)—When will you return the book to me?
—I'll give it to you I finish it.
A. once
B. until
C. as soon as
D. unless
(3) Laura opened the door and rushed into the rain I could stop her.
A. until
B. after
C. before
D. unless
(4) they decide which college to go to, students should research the admission procedures.
A. As
B. While
C. Until
D. Once
(5) The girl had hardly rung the bell the door was opened suddenly, and her friend rushed out to greet her.
A. before
B. until
C. as
D. since
易错警示
till, until和not…until
1.肯定句:主句的谓语动词必须是延续性动词，主句、从句都为肯定式，意为“某动作一直延续到某时间点才停止”。

如:
He remained there until/till she arrived.他在那里一直等到她来。

You may stay here until/till the rain stop.你可以在这里待到雨停。

2.否定句:主句的谓语动词必须是非延续性动词，从句为肯定式，意为“某动作直到某时间才开始”。

如:
He won't go to bed till/until she returns.直到她回来他才睡。

3. till不可以置于句首，而until可以。

如:
Until you told me I had no idea of it.直到你告诉我，我才知道这件事。

4. not... until句型中的强调和倒装用法:
(1) It was not until you told me that I had any idea of it.(强调句型)
(2)Not until you told me did I have any idea of it. ( not until里于句首，主句要倒装)
精彩笔记8 结果状语从句、目的状语从句及原因状语从句
1.结果状语从句
引导结果状语从句的从属连词有so ... that ... , such ...that ...。

在非正式语体中，由so ... that ...，such ...that...引导的句子中that可以省略，注意其结构形式:
so+形容词/副词+that从句
so+形容词+a /an+可数名词单数形式+that从句
so+many /much /few /little(少)+可数名词复数形式/不可数名词+that从句
such+a /an+形容词十可数名词单数形式+that从句
such+形容词+可数名词复数形式/不可数名词+that从句
such+a lot of/lots of+可数名词复数形式/不可数名词十that从句
2.目的状语从句
引导目的状语从句的从属连词有so+that(以便，为了),in order that(为了),fear that(担心，害怕),in case(以防)。

3.原因状语从句
引导原因状语从句的从属连词主要有because, as, since, now that。

每个连词的含义不尽
核心题根8 (1)用so或者such填空。

①It is not surprising that little worms eat little grain(谷物).
②Can you believe that in a rich country there should be many poor people?
③He is smart a boy that I like him very much.
思路点拨:考查结果状语从句和so, such的用法。

在“so/such ... that ...”中such是形容词，而so是程度副词。

①句意:幼虫吃这么少的谷物并不奇怪。

②句意:你能相信在如此富裕的国家竟然有这么多穷人吗? such是形容词，修饰单数名词时，置于a/an之前;so many是固定搭配。

③“so+形容词+a/an+可数名词单数+that+从句”。

(2)句型转换(每空一词)。

He is so young that he can't join the army.
①He is to join the army.
②He is to join the army.
思路点拨:除结果状语从句外，too... to...(太……而不能……),enough to…(达到某种程度可以……),so...as to ...(那么……以至于……)等不定式结构同样可以表示结果。

如:他起床太晚了，没有赶上那班公共汽车。

He didn't get up early enough to catch the bus.
=He got up too late to catch the bus.
=He got up so late as to miss the bus.
(3)用since, because, as填空。

①I am leaving I am fed up with my boss.
②everyone is here，let's begin our meeting.
③it was late, we took a taxi.
思路点拨:考查since, because, as引导的原因状语从句，只有because语气最强，因果关系明显，能回答why的提问。

since和as可以互换，语气弱。

易错警示
such和so:
(1)such是形容词，后面接名词，修饰单数名词时，放于a/an之前。

(2)so是程度副词，后接形容词或副词。

(3)在这几个词组中只能用so; so many, so much, so few, so little。

(4)so当并列连词用时，表示因果关系，意为“所以，因此”。

同类变式8 (1) A Spring Morning is my favorite poem its words are beautiful and I can feel the sense of spring in it.
A. until
B. because
C. though
(2) They develop their skills they can do things better and better.
A. however
B. because
C. since
D. so that
(3) Leave your key with your neighbor you lock yourself out one day.
A. as long as
B. even though
C. in case
D. as if
(4) Everything was placed exactly he wanted it for the graduation ceremony.
A. while
B. when
C. where
D. though
(5)The police officers in our city work hard the rest of us can live a safe life.
A. in case
B. as if
C. in order that
D. only if
(6) He had his camera ready he saw something that would make a good picture.
A. even if
B. if only
C. in case
D. so that
(7) Today, we will begin we stopped yesterday so that no point will be left out.
A. when
B. where
C. how
D. what
(8) The Great Wall is tourist attraction that millions of people pour in every year.
A. so a well-known
B. a so well-known
C. such well-known a
D. such a well-known
(9)—Did you return Fred's call?
—I didn't need to I'll see him tomorrow.
A. though
B. unless
C. when
D. because
拓展链接
1. so和such的特殊用法
(1)当so或such置于句首时主句要用倒装语序。

如:
So clever a student was he that he was able to work out all the difficult problems。

他是如此聪明的一个学生，以至一于成功地解出了所有难题。

(2)当、或such所在的主句主语与结果状语从句中的主语一致时，还可简化为:so/such... as to ...。

如:
He was so clever a student as to be able to work out all the difficult problems.
2. so和so that以及so ... that的区别
(1)so用作连词表示“因此，所以”，与therefore相近。

(2)so that和in order that相同，表示目的。

(3)so... that“如此……以至于”，表示结果。

易错警示
(1)so和for表示因果关系与because, since, as不同，前者是并列连词，用于并列句;后者是从属连词，用来引导原因状语从句。

(2)注意:不能因为受汉语思维的影响让because和so同时出现在一个句子里。

如:I like apples because they are good for my health. = Apples are good for my health, so I like them.
精彩笔记9 条件状语从句、让步状语从句及其他
(1)引导条件状语从句的从属连词有:if , unless ( = if .. . not如果不;除非……否则)，so /as long as(只要)，in case(万一)。

(2) as , as if引导方式状语从句。

(3) than , as ... as和not as /so ... as引导比较状语从句。

(4) where , wherever(无论哪里)引导地点状语从句。

(5)引导让步状语从句的连词有:①although(=though)尽管，虽然;②even though=even if(即使);③疑问词+ever与no matter+ever(不管……，无论……) ;.whether... or(不管……还是)。

核心题根9 A组
(1) I have a tight budget for the trip, so I'm not going to fly the airlines lower ticket prices.
A. once
B. if
C. after
D. unless
(2) It is hard for the Greek government to get over the present difficulties
it gets more financial support from the European Union.
A. if
B. unless
C. because
D. since
(3) One's life has value one brings value to the life of others.
A. so that
B. no matter how
C. as long as
D. except that
(4) You can borrow my car you promise not to drive too fast.
A. unless
B. even if
C. in case
D. as long as
(5)We wonder if our teachers to our graduating party next weekend. If they ，we'll be very happy.
A. will come; will come
B. come; will come
C. will come; come
D. come; come
思路点拨:考查条件状语从句的用法。

要注意主句和从句间的逻辑关系和时态呼应。

(1)句意:我旅行的预算很吃紧，所以不打算坐飞机，除非航空公司降低票价。

unless相当于if .., not，符合前后句的逻辑。

(2)句意:希腊政府很难克服目前的困难，除非从欧盟获取更多的经济支持。

if如果;unless 除非;because因为;since自从。

(3)句意:只要一个人给其他人的生活带来了价值，他的生命就有价值。

so that以便;no matter how无论如何;as long as只要;except that除了。

(4)句意:只要你答应不开得太快，我就可以把车借给你。

unless=if ... not如果不，even if 即使，in case以防，这三项均不符合语境。

(5)句意:“我们想知道老师们是否会来参加我们下个周末的毕业聚会。

如果他们来的话，我们将会很高兴。

”可知前句为含有if引导的宾语从句的主从复合句，其主句为一般现在时态，故从句的谓语动词应根据句末时间状语next weekend使用一般将来时态;后句为含有if 引导的条件状语从句的主从复合句，其动词的时态遵循“主将从现”的原则。

B组
(1) The map is one of the best tools a man has he goes to a new place.
A. whenever
B. whatever
C. wherever
D. however
(2)I don't believe we've met before, I must say you do look familiar.
A. therefore
B. although
C. since
D. unless
(3) you may have, you should gather your courage to face the challenge.
A. However a serious problem
B. What a serious problem
C. However serious a problem
D. What serious a problem
(4) the police thought he was the most likely one，since they had no exact proof about it, they could not arrest him.
A. Although
B. As long as
C. If only
D. As soon as
思路点拨:考查让步状语从句。

(1)句意:人们不论何时去一个新的地方，地图都是最好的工具之一。

whenever无论何时;whatever无论什么;wherever无论何地;however无论怎样。

(2)句意:尽管我不得不说你确实看起来面熟，但是我认为我们之前没有见过面。

therefore “因此”，为副词，表示因果关系;although“虽然，尽管”，引导让步状语从句;since“既然”，引导原因状语从句;unless“除非，如果不”，引导条件状语从句。

(3)句意:不论你的问题有多严重，你都应该鼓起勇气，接受挑战。

分析题干可知逗号前是让步状语从句，what不能用来引导状语从句，所以排除B,D两项。

however+adj. +a/an+单数名词= whatever+a/an+adj.+单数名词。

(4)句意:虽然警察们认为他最有可能是罪犯，但因为没有确凿的证据，他们不能逮捕他。

这是一个复合句，although引导状语从句，其余部分为主句，而这个主句又含since they had no exact proof about it这一原因状语从句。

同类变式9 (1) Father won't allow me to play outside I wash up the dishes.
A. if not
B. if
C. unless
D. because
(2)—Look at those clouds!
—Don't worry. it rains，we'll still have a great time.
A. Even if
B. As though
C. In case
D. If only
(3) I always felt I would pass the exam, I never thought I would get an A.
A. While
B. Once
C. If
D. Until
(4) No matter how , it is not necessarily lifeless.
A. a desert may be dry
B. dry a desert may be
C. may a desert be dry
D. dry may a desert be
(5) Tim is in good shape physically he doesn't get much exercise.
A. if
B. even though
C. unless
D. as long as
(6) All the photographs in this book, stated otherwise，date from the 1950s.
A. unless
B. until
C. once
D. if
(7) The little boy won't go to sleep his mother tells him a story.
A. or
B. unless
C. but
D. whether
(8) -Do you have a minute? I've got something to tell you. —OK，you make it short.
A. now that
B. if only
C. so long as
D. every time
拓展链接
if在状语从句和宾语从中的易错点:
(1)if在真实条件从句中，通常不用will或shall表示将来，而用现在时表示。

(2)if引导的从句在非真实条件句中，谓语动词用虚拟语气形式。

(3)if引导宾语从句，意为“是否，是不是”，从句中的动词时态随主句的时态联动。

跟踪练习
1. There's no way of knowing why one man makes an important discovery
another man, also intelligent，fails.
A. since
B. if
C. as
D. while
2. I was glad to meet Jenny again, I didn't want to spend all day with her.
A. but
B. and
C. so
D. or
3. Don't turn off the computer before closing all programs, you
could have problems.
A. or
B. and
C. but
D. so
4. I took my driving license with me on holiday, I wanted to hire a car.
A. in case
B. even if
C. ever since
D. if only
5. small, the company has about 1, 000 buyers in over 30 countries.
A. As
B. If
C. Although
D. Once
6. It's not easy to change habits, with awareness and self-control，it is
possible.
A. for
B. or
C. but
D. so
7.I had hardly got to the office my wife phoned me to go back home at
once.
A. when
B. than
C. until
D. after
8.—Coach, can I continue with the training?
—Sorry, you can't you haven't recovered from the knee injury.
A. until
B. before
C. as
D. unless
9.It was a nice meal, a little expensive.
A. though
B. whether
C. as
D. since
10. -Someone wants you on the phone.
一nobody knows I am here.
A. Although
B. And
C. But
D. So
11. It is not always easy for the public to see use a new invention can be of to human life.
A. whose
B. what
C. which
D. that
12. Tom was about to close the window his attention was caught by a bird.
A. when
B. if
C. and
D. till
13. To improve the quality of our products, we asked for suggestions had used the products.
A. whoever
B. who
C. whichever
D. which
14. John thinks it won't be long he is ready for his new job.
A. when
B. after
C. before
D. since
15. our manager objects to Tom's joining the club，we shall accept him as a member.
A. Until
B. Unless
C. If
D. After
16. Could I speak to is in charge of International Sales please?
A. who
B. what
C. whoever
D. whatever
17. John plays basketball well，his favorite sport is badminton.
A. so
B. or
C. yet
D. for
18. As a new diplomat，he often thinks of he can react more appropriately on such
occasions.
A. what
B. which
C. that
D. how
19. Lose one hour in the morning you will be looking for it the rest of the day.
A. but
B. and
C. or
D. so
20. Unlike watching TV, reading is a highly active process it requires attention as well as
memory and imagination.
A. until
B. but
C. unless
D. for
21. Follow your doctor's advice，your cough will get worse.
A. or
B. and
C. then
D. so
22.一Dad，I've finished my assignment.
—Good，and you play or watch TV，you mustn't disturb me.
A. whenever
B. whether
C. whatever
D. no matter
23. I want to know the thief was caught on the spot.
A. which
B. that
C. what
D. whether
24. Elephants have their own way to tell the shape of an object and it is rough or smooth.
A./
B. whether
C. how
D. what
25. The cost of living in Glasgow is among the lowest in Britain, the quality of life is
probably one of the highest.
A. since
B. when
C. as
D. while
26.一Why didn't you tell him about the meeting?
一He rushed out of the room I could say a word.
A. before
B. until
C. when
D. after
27. Start out right away，you'll miss the first train.
A. and
B. but
C. or
D. while
28. How can you expect to learn anything you never listen?
A. in case
B. even if
C. unless
D. when
29. I grew up in Africa，at least I should say that I spent much of the first ten years of my
life there.
A. and
B. or
C. so
D. but
30. A man cannot smile like a child， a child smiles with his eyes，while a man smiles
with his lips alone.
A. so
B. but
C. and
D. for
31. Between the two generations，it is often not their age，their education that causes
misunderstanding.
A. like
B. as
C. or
D. but
32. matters most in learning English is enough practice.
A. What
B. Why
C. Where
D. Which
参考答案
核心题根1: (1) He left immediately.
(2)We stay at home on Sundays. =(hi Sundays we stay at home.
(3)The little boy ate an apple greedily in the kitchen this morning.
(4)The waiter brought a bottle of beer(直接宾语)to the man(间接宾语).
(5)She showed her husband(间接宾语)her new dress(直接宾语).
(6)We all think him(宾语)an honest boy(宾语补足语).
(7)The house stood empty for years.(句意:这栋房子空置多年。

)
(8)After the news, she became very angry.
同类变式1:(1)I went on a trip yesterday/ Yesterday I went on a trip句意:我昨天去旅行了。

(2)It was my first school trip句意:这是我的第一次学校旅行。

(3)We sang happily on the way/On the way we sang happily句意:在路上我们开心地唱歌。

(4)There were many interesting activities句意:有许多有趣的活动。

(5)What a wonderful time we had句意:我们玩得多开心啊!
核心题根2:(1)B (2)B (3)B
同类变式2:(1)D (2)A
核心题根3:B
同类变式3:A
核心题根4:(1)A (2)B
同类变式4:(1)B (2)A (3)A
核心题根5:(1)D (2)D
同类变式5:(1)while (2)when (3)but/yet (4) up and
(5)Not only (6)when
核心题根6:(1)C (2)C (3)A
同类变式6:(1)When/While/As (2)When (3)As (4)when
核心题根7:(1)A (2)D (3)D
同类变式7:(1)D (2)C (3)C (4)D (5)A
核心题根8: (1)①such; so ②such; so ③so
(2)①not old enough ②too young
(3)①because ②Since/As ③Because
同类变式8:(1)B (2)D (3)C (4)C (5)C (6)C (7)B (8)D (9)D
核心题根9:A组(1)D (2)B (3)C (4)D (5)C
B组(1)A (2)B (3)C (4)A
同类变式9:(1)C (2)A (3)A (4)B (5)B (6)A (7)B (8)C
跟踪练习
1-10 DAAACCACAC 11-20 BAACBCCDBD
21-30 ABDBDACDBD 31-32 DA。