英语语法复习专题1名词

英语语法复习专题1 ：名词1.名词的数A、常见的不可数名词1.Fluids（流体）：air空气，smoke烟，water水，oil油，ink墨木，juice果汁，rain雨水，tea茶，coffee咖啡，wine酒，beer啤酒2.Substances（物质）：paper纸，glass玻璃，wood木头，iron铁，chalk粉笔，fruit水果，meat肉，beef牛肉，mutton羊肉，chicken鸡肉，sugar糖，salt盐，rice米，sand沙子，dust灰尘，gold黄金3.Abstracts（抽象名词）：health健康，wealth财富，honesty诚实，friendship友谊，wisdom智慧，attention注意力，luck运气，progress进步，work工作，room空间，news新闻，information消息，love爱，trouble 麻烦，happiness幸福，silence寂静4.Subjects（学科）：physics物理，chemistry化学，mathematics数学，history历史，geography地理，English英语，biology生物，music音乐B. 、可数名词的复数形式1.直接在词尾加-s，如desks，maps，cats，pens cars，farms2.以-s，-x，-ch，sh结尾的词加-es ：glasses，classes，buses，boxes，foxes，watches，matches，brushes，dishes（例外：stomachs 胃）3.以-O 结尾的词：Negroes，heres，potatoes，tomatoes（有生命的名词加-es）；photos，pianos，kilos，radios，zoos studios（无生命的名词加-es）4.辅音字母+y 结尾的，把y 变为i再加es ：city-cities，story-stories，baby-babies，dictionary-dictionaries，factory- factories，fly- flies，diary-diaries但是，元音字母+y——直接+s toy——toys5.以-f，-fe结尾的单词，去掉f，-fe 再加ves：knife-knives，wife-wives，life-lives，wolf-wolves，thief-thieves，leaf-leaves例外：roof-roofs屋顶，belief-beliefs信仰，gulf-gulfs海湾safe-safes，handkerchief-handker chiefs手帕6.特殊变化：man-men woman→womanchild→children，tooth→teeth，goose→geese鹅foot→feet，mouse→mice，looker-on→lookers-on 旁观者passer-by→passers-by过路人，editor-in-chief→editors-in-chief总编辑，man-doctor→men doctors，woman-doctor→women doctors；fish，deer，Chinese，sheep单复数同形。

C、只有复数形式的名词1.下列名词，只有复数形式，只能接复数形式的动词：clothes衣服，fireworks烟火，wages工资，thanks谢意，remains残留物，sweets糖果2.由相同两部分构成的名词，只有复数形式，只能接复数形式的动词：scissors剪刀，glasses眼镜，trousers裤子，shoes鞋，socks袜，gloves手套这些名词如表示数量，要以pair为单位，如：a pair of shoes一双鞋two pairs of shoes 两双鞋a pair of glasses一副眼镜two pairs of glasses两副眼镜3.某些集合名词，本身即为复数，所以不能加-s，也不能以one，a，every等词来修饰，如：this people（×）these peoples（×）these people（√）that police（×）those polices（×）those police（√）2.名词的所有格名词所有格的构成英语名词所有格有两种：'s属格和of属格。

1）'s所有格①单数名词加-'构成，如：Hellen's car海伦的汽车；the doctor's glasses医生的眼镜；a dog's tail 狗的尾巴；the manager's secreatry 经理的秘书②复数名词以-s结尾的只加-'，不以-s结尾的加-'s，如：the girls' school女子学校；ladies' hats女帽；the students' Library学生阅览室；Women's club妇女俱乐部；Children's toys儿童玩具；men's hats男帽③复合名词在最后一词后加-'s，如：Somebody else's umbrella别人的伴伞；my brother-in -law's car我姐夫的汽车2）of所有格的用法：主要用于表示无生命的名词，一般采用"the +所有物+of +（the，that，my ——）+ 所有者"的形式，如：the door of this classroom这间教室的门；the leaves of the tree树叶；the name of our school我们学校的名字。

the door of the house，a map of China.3）双重属格的用法：a friend of +名词所有格or 名词性物主代词，主要用来表示人的所有关系，例如：a friend of my brother's，two plays of Shakespeare's，some children of Mr. Brown's，these ideas of yours，those dirty shoes of James'.双重属格的名词前不能用the和one来修饰。

Note：of my own属于我自己的on my own我独自地4）特殊所有格若一样东西为两人共有，后一个人名用所有格，在最后一词后加-'s；如：Tom and John's room汤姆和约翰（共同）的房间；Lily and Lucy's school莉莉和露茜（共同）的学校。

如果属于二人分别拥有，则在两个名词之后分别加-'s，且其后名词应为复数。

如：Mary's and John's pens玛丽和约翰（各自）的钢笔；Mike's and Henry's desks迈克和亨利（各自）的书桌John and Tom's room（only one room）；John's and Tom's rooms（two rooms：one for John and one for Tom）「例如」The woman dressed in blue is Mary and Alice's mother.You should find what the difference between Mr. Smith's and Mr. Black's cars is.5）在表示"某人家"，"店铺"时，所有格后面的名词常常省略：at Mr. Green's（在格林先生家）；at my brother's（在我兄弟家）；at the tailor's（在裁缝店）；at the barber's（在理发店）；at the doctor's（在诊所）6）noun+toI don't quite remember the key________the question though I answered it correctly.A.ofB.toC.forD.about3.名词的常用考点考点 1.牢记六个不可数名词不可数名词没有复数形式，前面不能用数词，但是可用some，any来修饰information，weather，fun，progress，advice，furniture，a. ________ important information it is！A. What B. What anb. ________ nice weather it is today！A. What B. What ac. ________ fun it is！ A. What B. What ad. Physics has made great progress in this century. And so has maths.e. The doctor gave my father some advice on how to stop smoking.f. She has to clean all the furniture in all the bedrooms in two hours.g.It was fun to play on the beach that it attracted countless children.［A］such great ［B］so great ［C］such a great ［D］so great a考点2.有些名词的复数形式可以表示特别的意义papers（报纸；文件）；works（工厂；著作）；looks（外表）；hairs（几根头发）；times（时代）；sands（沙滩）；drinks（饮料）；manners（礼貌）；arms（武器）；forces（军队）glasses牢记五个名词单复数形式可以表示特别意义的名词word / man difficulty room people populationa.当word和man用作不可數名词时，前面不加冠词，也不用复数形式时，它们的意义是：word（消息；通知），man（人类）Word came that the headmaster would come to talk to us.（消息）Please send me word of your arrival.（通知）Labor created man.（人类）Quite a lot scientists have studied the origin of man in the last century.b.have some difficulty in doing sth.c.I am afraid that there isn't _____left for you two in my car. There are already five people in it.A.many roomB.any roomsC.any room many roomsd.people作集合名词用时，后面的谓语动词总是用复数形式The people in the village like the new teacher.但是，作"民族"解释时是可数名词，有复数形式：peoples；作"全体公民"解释时，动词用复数形式。