阅读技巧训练3领悟文章的隐含意义

阅读技巧训练（三）
领悟文章的隐含意义 (Hidden Meaning)
根据考试说明，高考阅读理解能力测试的第三点要求是：“既理解字面意思，也理解深层含义，包括作者的态度，意图等；”
由于某种原因，作者不能鲜明地表达自己的观点，而将其隐含在字里行间，流露于修辞手法之中。

这类考题要求考生对于作者这种没有明确说明的写作目的，立场态度，思想倾向作出合理的推断。

读懂这种“言外之意，弦外之音”，要求考生有无障碍的阅读能力，“锣鼓听音”的敏锐感觉，合理推断的思维品质。

这是阅读测试题中较难的类型，对考生的能力要求较高，需要认真训练。

这种题型的常用提问方式有：
The story does not say this, but from what we have read, we can tell that __________.
We can infer from the passage that __________.
The writer's attitude toward ... is __________.
The passage implies, but does not directly state that __________.
The passage suggests that __________.
We may conclude from the passage that __________. ... ...
Passage 1
Some people are never right. They never have good luck. They usually do the wrong thing and say the wrong thing. And even if what they say or do is OK, they as a rule say it or do it at the wrong time. So these people always have problems. They often break dishes. They sometimes miss buses and airplanes.
Mr. Neff is different. He is always right. He is never wrong. He usually has good luck. He seldom has problems. He never breaks dishes. He never misses buses or airplanes. Even if he does miss them. it is always the fault of the buses and the airplanes.
Mr. Neff knows almost everything. He doesn't ask questions; he answers questions. He never says "I don't know".
I don't know Mrs. Neff. It seems that not many people know her. I sometimes wonder about her. Is she always right.? Or maybe she is always wrong? Does she often break dishes or miss buses?
Does she have problems? I wonder.
1. Which of the following do you think gives the most important trait (特性) of Mr. Neff's character?
A. He is a very wise man.
B. He plans everything well.
C. He is moral and kindhearted.
D. He is very satisfied with himself.
2. The writer really thinks that __________.
A. Mr. Neff is always right
B. Mr. Neff usually has good luck
C. Mr. Neff knows almost everything
D. it is the fault of the buses and airplanes when Mr. Neff misses them
3. Which of the following do you guess is true of Mrs Neff'?
A. She probably obeys her husband in everything
B. She probably feels proud to be a help to her husband
C. She probably quarrels with her husband all the time
D. She probably feels very happy to have such a successful husband
4. Which of the following best describes the writer's attitude towards Mr.Neff?
A. He finds Mr. Neff hard to understand
B. He thinks Mr. Neff wonderful
C. He feels pity for Mr. Neff
D. He does not like Mr. Neff
本篇短文，文字浅显，平铺直叙，但在训练实际中却发生大面积错误：一是发生错的人多，无论基础好的还是差的；二是错的题多，错三道题的甚至全错的大有人在。

同学们大呼答案错了。

问题出在同学们没有“捂”出作者的暗含意思。

象Mr.Neff一贯正确，一帆风顺的人在生活中确实有，但似乎并无必要写文章加以赞扬。

而倒霉的人也不应当给以批评曝光。

那麽作者为什麽写这篇短文呢？其实作者的目的在短文的最后有所流露：
I don't know Mrs. Neff. It seems that not many people know her. I sometimes wonder about her. Is she always right.? Or maybe she is always wrong? Does she often break dishes or miss buses?
Does she have problems? I wonder.
仔细读过这些问句，我们不难领会到作者的意思是：与Mr.Neff这样的人一起生活，怎麽能忍受得了呢？除非唯命是从。

作者不喜欢Mr.Neff这样的人的微妙心态在这些问句当中显现出来了。

而这样的心态不便明说，以避“嫉妒”之嫌，又想一吐为快，于是便有了上面的文章，让我们这些没有生活阅历的初出茅庐的后生们大呼上当。

Passage 2
The story of the Kennedy brothers is rather like one of those songs which children sing happily and which end up with the shout, "And then there none."
The eldest brother was killed in the war, John was shot in Dallas in 1963, Robert was murdered in 1968, and Edward's chances of becoming president may have died when his car had an accident, killing the passenger.
The four boys were brought up by their father to do and fight for nothing but the best, whether on the games field or in political life. He managed to give them so much ambition (雄心) and energy that only since the youngest brother found his political death, have people begun to ask themselves, "Why did we look on the Kennedys as the family chosen to lead the USA to a better future?"
In fact, John and Robert had both shown their ability and courage in international politics and their work for civil rights, and Edward had a good record as senator (上议员); but so had many other people. Only history will show how much of the Kennedy story was built on fact and how much on the famous family name.
1. The best title for the article is __________.
A. Political Murder
B. The Best Family of USA
C. A Famous Family Name
D. The Kennedy Brothers
2. From the article we know that old Kennedy taught his sons __________.
A. to aim high and try to achieve great success
B. to fight for everything
C. to try their best to be good citizens
D. not to waste so much of their energy in fighting
3. According to the article, Edward Kennedy ___________.
A. was the oldest of the four brothers
B. liked. to sing children ' s song
C. died in a hospital soon after the car accident
D. was active in political life
4. Which of the following is wrong?
A. Two of the brothers were murdered in the 1960s.
B. Edward was elected. president of the US.
C. The father raised the boy by teaching them what to struggle for.
D. People used to think highly of the Kennedy brothers.
5. The writer thought that __________.
A. the Kenndy family was the best choice of the American people
B. the brothers had the greatest chance of becoming president of the USA
C. besides the Kennedy brothers, many other people had great ability in politics
D. the Kennedy story was built not on fact but on the family name
Passage 3
America is growing older. Fifty years ago, only 4 out of every 100 people in the United States were 65 or older. Today, 10 out of every 100 Americans are over 65. The aging of the population will affect (影响) American society in many ways---- education, medicine, and business. Quietly the graying of America has made us a very different society --- one in which people have a quite different idea of what kind of behavioris suitable at various ages.
A person's age no longer tells you anything about his/her social position, marriage or health. There's no longer a particular year in which one goes to school or goes to work or gets married or starts a family. The social clock that kept us on time and told us when to go to school, get a job. or stop working isn't as strong as it used to be. It doesn't surprise us to hear of a 29-year-old university president or a 35-year-old grandmother, or a 70-year-old man who has become a father for the first time. Public ideas are changing.
Many people say, "I am much younger than my mother --- or my father--- was at my age." No one says, "Act your age" anymore. We've stopped looking with surprise at older people who act in youthful ways.
1. It can be learnt from the text that the aging of the population in America __________.
A. has made people feel younger
B. has changed people's social position
C. has changed people's understanding of age
D. has slowed down the country's social development
2. The underlined word. "one" refers to __________.
A. a society
B. America
C. a place
D. population
3. "Act your age" means people should __________.
A. be active when they are old
B. do the right thing at the right age
C. show respect for their parents young or old
D. take more physical exercise suitable to their age
4. If a 25-year-old man becomes general manager of a big firm, the writer of the text would most probably consider it __________.
A. normal
B. wonderful
C. unbelievable
D. unreasonable
Passage 4
One silly question I simply can't stand is "How do you feel?" Usually the Question is asked for a man in action ---- a man on the go, walking along the streets or busily working at his desk. So what do you expect him to say? He'll probably say, "Fine, I'm all right," but "you have put a bug (小虫) in his ear" ---- maybe now he's not sure. If you are a friend, you may have seen something in his face, or his walk, that he overlooked (忽略) that morning. It starts worrying him a little. First thing you know, he looks in mirror to see if everything is all right, while you go merrily on your way asking someone else, "How do you feel?"
Every question has its time and place. It's perfectly acceptable, for instance, to ask "How do you feel?" if you're visiting a close friend in the hospital. But if the fellow is walking on both legs, hurrying to make a train, or sitting at his desk working, it's no time to ask him that silly question.
When George Bernard Shaw, the famous writer of play was in his eighties, someone asked him "How do you feel?" Shaw put him in his place. "When you reach my age," he said, "either you feel all right or you're dead."
1. According to the writer, greetings (问候), such as "How do you feel?" __________.
A. show one's consideration for others
B. are a good way to make friends
C. are proper to ask a man in action
D. generally make one feel uneasy
2. The writer seems to feel that a busy man should _____.
A. be praised for his efforts
B. never be asked any question
C. not be bothered
D. be discouraged from working so hard
3. George Bernard Shaw's reply in the passage shows his __________.
A. cheerfulness
B. cleverness
C. ability
D. kindness
4. "Y ou've put a bug in his ear" means that you've __________.
A. made him laugh
B. shown concern (关心)
C. made fun of him
D. given him some kind of warning
Passage 1 DBAD Passage 2 DADB
Passage 3 CABA Passage 4 DCBD。