啤酒文化(英文)

Culture of Beer
-----Dong Wencai Summary：
1.An old story about the origin of beer.
2. A simple introduction about beer.
3.The beer brewing industry`s development.
4.Beer Festival of all over the world.
5.The Munich Oktoberfest.（德国慕尼黑啤酒节）
6.Qingdao international Beer Festival.
1.An old story about the origin of beer.
Beer is one of the oldest and probably the most popular alcoholic beverage in the world. There were many stories about the origin of beer. Nowadays, people think that beer is more possibly originated in west Asia. The Sumerians(苏美尔人) found that wild barley, wheat soaked in the water will become a bit mushy. If it is exposed in the open air, the color gradually deepened and bubbles appear. People who drink once feel very delicious. In order to often drink this tasty liquid, the Sumerians consciously harvest a lot of wild grains and retain seeds, starting to artificial cultivation(人工培养). So get plenty of grain is used to make delicious, beer was born.
2.A simple introduction about beer.
Usually definition of beer is a fermented alcoholic beverage brewed from malt and flavored with hops. Mainly with rice as the starch source of beer in our country, however the European and American countries mainly with corn as the starch source. When it comes to beer, we have to mention hops. Hop is an important raw material for production of beer, it make beer has fragrance and bitter taste. Besides, Hop can improve the durability of bubbles. What`s more, hops can make the protein to precipitate which is good for clarification of beer.
Beer has a lot of kinds of classification. In general, We divided into beer by color. There are stout beer, pale beer, brown beer.
3.The beer brewing industry’s development.
Around 4000 BC ,people of the Mesopotamia region(美索不达米亚地区) already has 16 kinds of beer which were made of barley, wheat and honey. In 3000 BC, bitters came into, and It was first defined using hop as bitters in AD 768. In the development of beer industry, some biological and theory has played a vital role. Such as Pasteurization method(巴氏灭菌方法) and Pure yeast culture method（酵母纯粹培养法）. These methods let beer brewing science got great progress. From then on, Germen beer is popular with all over the world.
In the end of the 19th century, beer entered China. The first brewery in China was established by Russians in Harbin. In 1903, German and British set up a brewery in Qingdao which was predecessor of the Tsingtao brewery. By 1993, the total output of beer was only after the United States, ranking second in the world. In 2002, China's beer production has become the world's first.
4.Famous beer brand Beer Festival of all over the world.
Nowadays，There are a lot of famous beer brand in the world, such as Heineken in Holland(荷兰的喜力)、Budweiser in American(美国的百威)、San Carlsberg in Denmark(丹麦的嘉士伯).Of courses, for most of us Chinese, Tsingtao Beer and Harbin Beer are more popular.
A Beer Festival is an organised event during which a variety of beers (and often other alcoholic drinks) are available for tasting and purchase. Beer festivals are held in a number of countries. A Beer Exhibition is usually synonymous with a Beer Festival but, whilst a beer festival may involve a limited range of beer styles or manufacturers, with an emphasis on entertainment, use of the term "beer exhibition" places emphasis on sampling or tasting a wide range of beers, usually craft-brewed in a variety of different styles by various brewers. There may be a theme; for instance beers from a particular area, or a particular brewing style such as winter ales. Beerex is a commonly used portmanteau word coined in 1977 as an abbreviated form of Beer Exhibition.
5.The Munich Oktoberfest.（德国慕尼黑啤酒节）
To in memory of the wedding of the Bavarian (Bavarian Crown Prince Ludwig and Louise princess on October 12,1810.The time is From the third Saturday of September to the first Sunday of October. The Munich Oktoberfest is held on Wiesen, Munich. In addition to beer, There are also a lot of traditional food, such as roast legs of pork、chicken、sausages(香肠)、pickle(泡菜)、roast oxtails(烤牛尾). The 16-day party attracts over 6 million people every year , the Visitors consume large quantities of food. Including ,1.5 million gallons of beer, 200,000 pairs of pork sausage, and 480,000 spit-roasted chickens. Oktoberfest is also known as much for its traditional folk music as it is for its beer drinking. The scene of the Munich Oktoberfest is grand, 14 larger and several smaller beer tents and beer gardens provide enough seating for 98,000 visitors at a time. Beer maids and waiters must be able to carry 10 of these beer-filled mugs at a time. The Munich Oktoberfest emphasis on entertainment, it is the difference from others.Beer maids and waiters must be able to carry 10 of these beer-filled mugs at a time.
6.Qingdao international Beer Festival.
The annual Qingdao International Beer Festival is held every August, integrating economic trade, tourism, science, technology, culture and sports, which is the largest beer festival in Asia. It promotes economic and culture exchanges between Qingdao and various countries .Tourists may taste several dozen kinds of beer made in China. The Qingdao Summer Art Festival , On-Water Sports Competition, professional lectures, a sand sculpture contest and an exhibition of calligraphy and paintings are held at the same time. Since 2004, it is more similar to the Munich Oktoberfest, Qingdao international Beer Festival introduced many entertainment facilities from America , which attracts more and more tourists.
That’s all, Thank you .。