OLYMPUS 不同相位差干涉显微镜配件BH2-NIC使用说明书
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III. PRINCIPLE OF NOMARSKI METHOD AN D INT ERFERENCE CONTRAST IMAGE
1. Princ iple
"T"he d ifferential interference contrast attachment , after Nomarski , is a two-beam shearing int erference device developed on the basis of the Nomarski method , in wh ich t he amount of shear between two interfer ing beams is made less than t he resolution limit of the objective used in the mi croscope, by means of birefringent crysta ls used as beam-split t ers.
BH2 -NC
1
Phase contrast object ives
PC PC
D D
Ach. Ach .
10X-PL 40X-PL
.
(set
(sprmg-Ioaded)
0
f
2)
1
S Plan lOX
S Plan achro mat ic S Plan 20X (spri ng-loaded)
objectives
This attachment is specially designed for use with LB series optical elements including eyepieces, photo eyepieces, and objectives (no other than S Plan objectives, effective for
CONTRAST IMAGE
.
2
1. Principle
2. Interference Contrast Image
3
3. Characteristics and Applications of omar i and Phase Contrast Methods .. . . 5
IV. SPECIFICATIONS
II. STANDARD COMPONENTS
BH2-NIC atta chment mounted on Olympus microscope BHS
Comp onents Nomarsk i int ermed iate tube
B H2-NA
, BH2 -NIC-'
Nomarsk i condenser
S Plan 40X (spri ng-loaded)
(set of 4)
1
S Plan 100X (spri ng-loaded )(oil)
Centering telescope
CT-5
1
Filter
431F550 -W45
1
Auxiliary clamp ing wrench
1
, BH2-NIC-2
V. DESCRIPTION OF VARIOUS COMPONENTS . .
VI. ASSEMBLY .
.
VII. OPERATION
..
.
1. Condase Annulus and Light Annulus
3. Po larizer Centration
A fter emerging f rom the pr ism, the two rays intersect at a fixed point . The plane, which incl udes the point o f this int ersecti on, is called the plane of " f ringe localizat ion" .
Plane of frin ge local izat ion
G Mod ified Wollast on p rism
, & Fig. 2 @ ind icat e t he d irect io ns o f o ptic axes ; for the d irecti on para llel with the plane of the diagram, and @ fo r the di rect ion perpend icu lar.
. 11
I. ABSTRACT
This differential interference contrast device incorporates a pair of birefr ingent cry stal prisms as beam-splitters , wit h a shear between the two interferi ng beams smaller than the resolut ion limit of the objective used in t he microscope, so that no do ub le image is observed. These attach ments, used in conju ncti on w ith a BHS or BHT microscope, permit detect ion of minu te difference of th ickness and changes of int ernal ref ract ive index , of unstained, t ransparent specimens. By operat ing the b irefringent crystal pr ism bu ilt in th e intermed iat e tube , a most suitab le contrast color can be chosen in accordance w ith purpose and specimen. The backgro und co lor can be cont inuously changed in the order from dark to yello w , t o purpl ish red, to blue or in t he reversed order.
DIFFERENTIAL INTERFERENCE CONTRAST ATTACHMENT For TRANSMITTED LIGHT MODEL BH2-NIC
INSTRUCTION MANUAL
OLYMPUS
This instruction manual has been written for use of the differential interference contrast attachment Model BH2-NIC. It is recommended to carefu lly read the manual for the microscope Model BHS or BHT as well as this manual so that you can fully understand and obtain the optimum integrated performance of this attachment With the microscope in use.
Po larizer P
Conde nse r Cd Ob ject ive Ob
Ana lyze r A
Wollasto n prism on the Cd sid e
Specime n Fig. 3
Wollaston prism on the Ob side
2
Fig. 3 is a diagram of a light path in which a ray of light emitted from the light source is linearly polarized after it passes through the pol arizer P. Entering the Wollaston pr ism on the condenser side, it is divided into two rays of linearly polarized light. In order to equali ze the int ensit ies of the rays and therefore to maximize the contrast of the interference fringes, the Wollaston pr ism must be placed with its optic axis at 450 to the direction of vi~ration of the linearly polarized light incident on the prism . The two divided rays intersect at a point on the plane of f ringe localization, which is calculated to coincide with the focal plane Fcd of the condenser Cd. They then pass through t he condenser, become parallel to each other with a slight lateral separati on and illuminate th e specimen . The two rays are transmitted th rough the specimen and the objective which recombines the separate rays at t he plane of fringe local ization of the second Wollaston pr ism on the objec tive slde. at the rear focal plane Fob of the object ive Db. The combined rays do not interfere because their directions of vibration are perpendicular to each othe r . In order to observe interference fr inges, an analyzer must be introduced behind the Wo llaston prism on the objective side.
the Nomarski method) ; otherwise no comple e performance can be obtained from ttus
attachme nt.
CONTENTS
I. ABSTRACT
.
II . STANDARD COMPONENTS
III. PRINCIPLE OF NOMARSKI METHOD A ND INTERF ERENCE
-.,..,E:""""-f---- Ordinary ray
"""i-+-+............... Extrao rdinary ray
Fig. 1
When a ray of light passes throug h a birefring ent crystal , t he opt ic axis of which is indicat ed by t he doub le arro w , the ray is d ivided into t wo linearly polar ized rays, an extraord inary ray wh ich runs parallel to the p lane of the d iagram, and an ord inarv ray , whose pl ane of vibration is perpendicular t o th at of the extraor dinary ray, as shown in Fig. 1.
In Fig. 2, a modi fie d Wollaston pri sm consists of two wedge-like un iaxial cryst als cemented t ogeth er, whose optic axes are at a right angle t o each ot her. If a ray of li nearly pol arized light enters the pri sm, it wi II be divided int o two rays trave ling in d ifferent directions.
.
4. Light Path Selection
5. Int erf erence Contrast
6. Phase Contrast
7. Brightfield
8. Magnification at Observation and Photomicrography
.
6
.7
.8
9 . 10
VIII. TROUBLESHOOTING
-
1 1 1
j
III. PRINCIPLE OF NOMARSKI METHOD AN D INT ERFERENCE CONTRAST IMAGE
1. Princ iple
"T"he d ifferential interference contrast attachment , after Nomarski , is a two-beam shearing int erference device developed on the basis of the Nomarski method , in wh ich t he amount of shear between two interfer ing beams is made less than t he resolution limit of the objective used in the mi croscope, by means of birefringent crysta ls used as beam-split t ers.
BH2 -NC
1
Phase contrast object ives
PC PC
D D
Ach. Ach .
10X-PL 40X-PL
.
(set
(sprmg-Ioaded)
0
f
2)
1
S Plan lOX
S Plan achro mat ic S Plan 20X (spri ng-loaded)
objectives
This attachment is specially designed for use with LB series optical elements including eyepieces, photo eyepieces, and objectives (no other than S Plan objectives, effective for
CONTRAST IMAGE
.
2
1. Principle
2. Interference Contrast Image
3
3. Characteristics and Applications of omar i and Phase Contrast Methods .. . . 5
IV. SPECIFICATIONS
II. STANDARD COMPONENTS
BH2-NIC atta chment mounted on Olympus microscope BHS
Comp onents Nomarsk i int ermed iate tube
B H2-NA
, BH2 -NIC-'
Nomarsk i condenser
S Plan 40X (spri ng-loaded)
(set of 4)
1
S Plan 100X (spri ng-loaded )(oil)
Centering telescope
CT-5
1
Filter
431F550 -W45
1
Auxiliary clamp ing wrench
1
, BH2-NIC-2
V. DESCRIPTION OF VARIOUS COMPONENTS . .
VI. ASSEMBLY .
.
VII. OPERATION
..
.
1. Condase Annulus and Light Annulus
3. Po larizer Centration
A fter emerging f rom the pr ism, the two rays intersect at a fixed point . The plane, which incl udes the point o f this int ersecti on, is called the plane of " f ringe localizat ion" .
Plane of frin ge local izat ion
G Mod ified Wollast on p rism
, & Fig. 2 @ ind icat e t he d irect io ns o f o ptic axes ; for the d irecti on para llel with the plane of the diagram, and @ fo r the di rect ion perpend icu lar.
. 11
I. ABSTRACT
This differential interference contrast device incorporates a pair of birefr ingent cry stal prisms as beam-splitters , wit h a shear between the two interferi ng beams smaller than the resolut ion limit of the objective used in t he microscope, so that no do ub le image is observed. These attach ments, used in conju ncti on w ith a BHS or BHT microscope, permit detect ion of minu te difference of th ickness and changes of int ernal ref ract ive index , of unstained, t ransparent specimens. By operat ing the b irefringent crystal pr ism bu ilt in th e intermed iat e tube , a most suitab le contrast color can be chosen in accordance w ith purpose and specimen. The backgro und co lor can be cont inuously changed in the order from dark to yello w , t o purpl ish red, to blue or in t he reversed order.
DIFFERENTIAL INTERFERENCE CONTRAST ATTACHMENT For TRANSMITTED LIGHT MODEL BH2-NIC
INSTRUCTION MANUAL
OLYMPUS
This instruction manual has been written for use of the differential interference contrast attachment Model BH2-NIC. It is recommended to carefu lly read the manual for the microscope Model BHS or BHT as well as this manual so that you can fully understand and obtain the optimum integrated performance of this attachment With the microscope in use.
Po larizer P
Conde nse r Cd Ob ject ive Ob
Ana lyze r A
Wollasto n prism on the Cd sid e
Specime n Fig. 3
Wollaston prism on the Ob side
2
Fig. 3 is a diagram of a light path in which a ray of light emitted from the light source is linearly polarized after it passes through the pol arizer P. Entering the Wollaston pr ism on the condenser side, it is divided into two rays of linearly polarized light. In order to equali ze the int ensit ies of the rays and therefore to maximize the contrast of the interference fringes, the Wollaston pr ism must be placed with its optic axis at 450 to the direction of vi~ration of the linearly polarized light incident on the prism . The two divided rays intersect at a point on the plane of f ringe localization, which is calculated to coincide with the focal plane Fcd of the condenser Cd. They then pass through t he condenser, become parallel to each other with a slight lateral separati on and illuminate th e specimen . The two rays are transmitted th rough the specimen and the objective which recombines the separate rays at t he plane of fringe local ization of the second Wollaston pr ism on the objec tive slde. at the rear focal plane Fob of the object ive Db. The combined rays do not interfere because their directions of vibration are perpendicular to each othe r . In order to observe interference fr inges, an analyzer must be introduced behind the Wo llaston prism on the objective side.
the Nomarski method) ; otherwise no comple e performance can be obtained from ttus
attachme nt.
CONTENTS
I. ABSTRACT
.
II . STANDARD COMPONENTS
III. PRINCIPLE OF NOMARSKI METHOD A ND INTERF ERENCE
-.,..,E:""""-f---- Ordinary ray
"""i-+-+............... Extrao rdinary ray
Fig. 1
When a ray of light passes throug h a birefring ent crystal , t he opt ic axis of which is indicat ed by t he doub le arro w , the ray is d ivided into t wo linearly polar ized rays, an extraord inary ray wh ich runs parallel to the p lane of the d iagram, and an ord inarv ray , whose pl ane of vibration is perpendicular t o th at of the extraor dinary ray, as shown in Fig. 1.
In Fig. 2, a modi fie d Wollaston pri sm consists of two wedge-like un iaxial cryst als cemented t ogeth er, whose optic axes are at a right angle t o each ot her. If a ray of li nearly pol arized light enters the pri sm, it wi II be divided int o two rays trave ling in d ifferent directions.
.
4. Light Path Selection
5. Int erf erence Contrast
6. Phase Contrast
7. Brightfield
8. Magnification at Observation and Photomicrography
.
6
.7
.8
9 . 10
VIII. TROUBLESHOOTING