对外经济贸易大学815经济学综合考研历年真题及答案

合集下载
  1. 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性,平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
  2. 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
  3. 3、如文档侵犯您的权益,请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间:9:00-18:30)。

对外经济贸易大学815经济学综合考研历年真题及答

对外经贸大学2006年硕士学位研究生入学考试初试试题
一、名词解释(每小题4分,共16分)
1,价格歧视
2,平衡预算乘数
3,技术性贸易壁垒
4,利率平价理论
二,判断题(只判断正误,无需改正,每小题1分,共8分)
1、能够自由取用的商品是机会成本为零的商品。

2、经济租是指为生产要素所支付的金额与为得到使用该要素所必须支付的最小金额之间的差额。

3、国民生产总值和国内生产总值在数值上一定不相等。

4、在索洛的经济增长模型中储蓄率是外生的,但在新经济增长模型中储蓄率是内生的。

5、不存在要素密集度逆转是要素禀赋理论成立的一个条件。

6、对中间投入品征收的进口关税越高意味着最终产品关税的有效保护率越高。

7、国际收支顺差是一国增大其外汇储备最稳定、对可靠的来源。

8、远期汇差实质上是以远期汇率为本金,以两种货币利差为利率,从即期至远期交割日这段时间内所生的利息。

三,简答题(每题8分,共32分)
1,比较说明两个实力相当的寡头厂商在实现产量决策中的古诺均衡解、串通的均衡解、竞争性均衡解和先行者利益均衡解的不同。

2,根据总需求-总供给模型,分析近两年来国际石油价格上涨对一国经济短期和长期的影响。

3,简述对外贸易乘数原理。

4,评析弹性分析理论的主要贡献和局限性。

四,论述题(每题11分,共33分)
1、当前中国政府不希望改变总需求水平,即维持一个基本不变的实际收入水平,但希望通过降低投资增加消费来改变总需求的构成,你认为这需要什么样的宏观政策组合?请用IS-LM模型表示你的政策主张及其对投资、消费、收入和利率的影响。

2、试述PETER.J.Buckley等人建立和发展的内部化论点是如何进行企业跨国经营动机解释的?
3、在中国建设银行路演前,业内很多人士对此次上市的前景不太乐观,但是在2005年10月5日,建行开始全球路演后,其股票受到广大投资者的极大青睐,取得“超过5000亿港元市值,622亿港元筹资额,近10倍国际超额认购”的业绩,完全出乎此前的预期,请你分析其中原因。

五,计算与分析题(11分)
假定某国一种商品的国内供给和需求函数为Qs=P-50,Qd=100-0.5P,在整个世界市场中,该国这种商品的市场份额很小,因此该国无力影响世界市场的现行价格。

已知该商品的现行世界市场价格为60美元,该国政府决定对每进口一单位的该商品征收关税40美元。

问:(1)征收关税后,该商品的本国国内价格是多少?(2)征收关税给本国国内消费者、国内生产者和政府带来的收益和损失各是多少?(3)如果对每进口一单位的该商品征收关税20美元,结果如何?
六,英译汉(50分)
1,On a wing and scare(20')
Fear seems to be dominant mood of the moment.Hurricanes,tidal waves, floods,earthquakes and terrorism this year have all brought with them not only appalling scenes of devastation,death and suffering,but also outrage at lack of preparations to avoid or copy with these disasters. Now even the birds of the air are a threat,we are told.The migrating flock visible on the horizon at sunset,once a consoling reminder of the eternal rhythms of nature,could be carrying the virus which might soon kill tens of millions of people.
Given the many fingers pointed at governments in the wake of other disasters this year,it is hardly surprising that they are scrambling to
respond to the threat posed by avian influenza.After confirmation this week that the H5N1strain of bird flu,which has been spreading quickly in Asia,has been discovered in Romania and perhaps Greece,European Union foreign ministers convened and emergency meeting.
President Gorge Bush,still smarting from a torrent of criticism of his government's clumsy response to Hurricane Katrina,has promised to rush out emergency plans for dealing with an outbreak of pandemic flu which has been stalled for years.Countries around world are hurrying to stockpile the only current antiviral drug,Tamiflu,which might be effective in saving lives in any pandemic or curbing its spread.The World Health Organisation is calling for an international co-ordinated effort. Health ministers from around the globe are due to meet next week in Canada to discuss what steps to take.
Is any of this effort justified?Or are politicians simply helping to feed public panic,and then covering themselves by promising to spend lavishly against a threat which may never materialise and to reduce a risk which they do not understand?To apply the kind of test which is required in any kind of disaster planning,no least because the world is an inherently dangerous place and it is impossible to plan against every possible disaster.With the media full of warnings of impending mass death,and overreaction is all too possible.
petition and Price.(15')
Just as scarcity is an economic fact of life,so is competition.If you set out to sell a product or service in a free-market society,chances are that someone else will be trying to sell something similar.And because potential customers are free to buy where they please,you must competer with your rivals for those customers'business.You might choose to compete in one of three ways:Price,quality,or innovation.
Take the fast food business,for example.A couple of years age,Taco Bell, which competes with hamburger chains like McDonald's and Burger King, Launched a full-scale price war by reducing the price of its tacos and
burritos from79and89cents to59cents.When scales jumped by27percent, it slashed prices on16of its23menu items,and scales climbed another 19percent,Meanwhile,sales in the fast-food business in general increased by only3%.The catch,of course,is that Taco Bell now gets less money for almost every item it sells,and it still has to cover the same expenses--buying ingredients,paying employees,and so forth.How can the company charge less and still make a worthwhile profit?The answer is that the lower price attracts more customers.Even though Taco Bell makes less on each item,it's luring people away from its rivals and is consequently making more money than it used to.......,Stung by the competition,McDonld's followed suit by offering lower prices on certain items and special meal combinations......,Now everybody in the
fast-foodbusiness is feeling the profit squeeze.
So what are they all doing?They're trying to operate more efficiently, hustling to maintain their profit margins by tightening their grip on costs.And they are hoping that lower prices will continue to increase the number of visits made by customers who are heavily fast-food users(those who eat at fast-food restaurants more than18times per month, representing over70percent of scales in the industry).Head-on compitition tends to keep prices down,which is good for the buying public. At the same time,it holds out the promise of great profits to the business that can sell more of its product of service than competitors do.
3.Export Credit Cuarantee(15')
Exporting goods to overseas markets on deferred payment terms brings with it two types of credit risk for the exporter:commercial or buyer risk(for example,the buyer becomintg insolvent or failing to pay for same other reason)and political or non-buyer risk(for example,actions of overseas governments or other events such as war or civil unrest of natural disasters which prevent the buyer from paying).Depending on the length time for which credit is extented,export credits are traditionally divided into"short-term"(under two years),"medium-term"(two to five
years)and"long-term"(over five years)credits.
Arrangements are available which enable an exporter to limit these"export credit"risks.The arrangements take a number of forms but legally they are in essence wither contracts of insurance or guarantees--although they are often loosely referred to as"export credit guarantee"irrespective of their actual legal form.In a so-called"buyer credit"arrangement, the exporter arranges for a financial institution to make a loan to the overseas buyer to enable him to purchase the exports and for that loan to be guaranteed or insured against non-payment.In a so-called"supplier credit",the exporter(or supplier)extends credit to the buyer himself ann then arranges for insurance or guarantee against non-payment.
In effect,the export credit guarantee serves a purpose similar to that of a confirmed credit.But there are two important differences between the instruments.First,while a confirmed credit is furnished by the seller and the premium is paid by him.Secondly,a confirmed credit enables the seller to obtain the price of the goods against the tender of the required documents irrespective of a dispute relation to the goods.In contrast,the export credit guarantee does not always cover the seller where the buyer's rejection of the goods is based on a defect in the goods, such as their failure to comply with a sample.
2008年硕士学位研究生入学考试初试试题
考试科目:815经济学综合
一、名词解释(每小题3分,共12分)
1、范围经济
2、帕累托改进
3、成本推动通货膨胀
4、流动性陷阱
二、单项选择(10题,每小题1分,共10分)
1、对于商品房价格将会进一步上升的预期,导致的直接结果是目前商品房市场中的()
A.供应量增加B:供给增加C.需求量增加D.需求增加
2、如果闲暇是正常品,则财产性收入的增加会导致劳动供给量()
A.增加B.减少 C.不改变D.不确定
3、根据基尼系数的大小,下列四个国家中哪一个国家的分配最为平均:()
A.甲国的基尼系数为0.20
B.乙国的基尼系数为0.35
C.丙国的基尼系数为0.50
D.丁国的基尼系数为0.60
4、在一级价格歧视下,()。

A.厂商根据消费者的需求价格弹性不同收取不同价格
B.厂商可以在不同时间向消赞者收取不同价格
C.厂商只是改变了定价的方式,但是并没有改变产量水平
D.产品的边际收益等于产品价格
5、对于生产相同产品的厂商来说,()模型分析得到的结论与竞争模型的结论相同。

A.古诺(Cournot) B.斯塔克伯格(Stackbelberg)
C.伯特兰德(Bertrand) D.主导厂商(Dominant Firm)
6、向政府雇员支付的报酬属于()
A.政府购买支出
B.转移支付
C.政府税收
D.消费
7、决定美国和中国的投资乘数不一样的因素主要是:()
A.两国的平均消费倾向差异B.两国的边际消费倾向差异
C.两国的企业投资规模差异D.两国的投资预期收益差异
8、在经济增长模型中,衡量技术进步最常用的度量标准是()
A.劳动利用程度B.资本利用程度
C.索洛剩余D.劳动生产率
9、通常认为,下列属于紧缩货币的政策是()
A.提高贴现率B.增加货币供给
C.降低法定准备金率D.中央银行头入政府债券
10、在浮动汇率制的开放经济中,净出口受到实际扩率变动的影响,财政政策效应()
A.与封闭经济中的效应并无区别
B.小于封闭经济中的效应
C.大于封闭经济中的效应
D.可能大于、等于或小于封闭经济中的效应
三、判断下列表述的内容是否正确(每小题1分,共10分)
1.如采所有商品的价格变成原来的两倍,而收入变成原来收入的三倍,则消费者的预算线会平行向外移动。

2.如果效用函数U(X,Y)=5X+6Y,则无差异曲线的边际替代率是递减的。

3.只有当生产一定产量的生产者剩余非负时,厂商才会生产产品。

4.根据古诺模型,如果厂商越多,那么达到均衡时行业的利润越大。

5.若生产和消费中存在正的外在性(externality),竞争市场峥效率就能提高。

6.国内生产总值(GDP)中不包括折旧和转移支付。

7.附加预期的菲利普斯曲线表明:短期中通货膨胀和失业之间存在替代关系而长期中这种替代关系并不存在。

8、如果投机性货币需求曲线接近水平形状,这意味着货币需求不受利率的影响。

9、政府支出的增加将使总供给曲线向左移动。

10、失业救济金的提高有助于降低自然失业率。

四、计算与分析题(每题8分,共16分)
l、在某一商品市场上,有100个相同的消费者,每个人的需求函数都是Qd=28—2P;同时有10个相同的生产者。

,每个生产者的供给函数都是Qs=40P一20。

其中,Qd和Qs分别代表需求量和供给量,单位:个;P代表价格,单位:元。

(1)求该商品的市场均衡价格和均衡交易量:
(2)如果政府对每单位商品征收3元的销售税,消费者和生产者各自承担了多少
税收负担?政府得到的税收总量是多少?
(3)消费者剩余、生产者剩余及无谓损失有多大?
2、假设某一国家的居民总是将可支配收入中的10%用于储蓄,且充分就业的国民收入
为7000亿美元。

今年的私人投资支出为900亿美元,政府购买支出为600亿美元,出
口为200亿美元,自发性消费为500亿美元,平均税率为10%,进口函数为M=0.21Y。

若,请计算今年该国政府的预算盈余和充分就业时预算盈余,并据i比说明该国政府目
前的财政政策是扩张性的还是紧缩性的。

五、简答题(每题7分,共28分)
l、为什么说边际报酬递减规律是短期成本变动的决定因素?
2、举例说明信息不对称所产生的逆向选择(adverse selection)问题如何导致了商品市场中的市场失灵。

3、为什么说消费物价指数(CPI)往往高估了价格上涨的幅度?
4、宏观经济政策的目标是什么?为达到这些目标可采用的政策工具有哪些?
六、论述题(每题12分,共24分)
1、物业税,又称“财产税”或“地产税”,主要针对土地、房屋等不动产,要求其所
有者或承租人每年都缴付一定税款,税额随房产的升值而提高,试利用经济学原理
分析征收物业税对房地产市场会产生什么样的影响?
2、根据IS—LM模型分析资本完全流动的开放经济中货币政策的有效性。

七、英译汉(共三段、共50分)
1.(20分)Since the barbaric“breaking wheel”was replaced by the guillotine in18th-century France,methods of execution have increasingly sought to end life speedily rather than inflict long agony.There can, however,be few decapitations less painful than those at big American banks.On November4th Chuck Prince left the boss's office at Citigroup, the world's largest bank,with the“tremendous support and respect”of the board ringing in his ears,even though the firm had to write down $8billion-11billion in October alone(see article).A week earlier,Stan O'Neal lost his job at Merrill Lynch after leading the investment bank
to a loss with$8.4billion of write-downs.He too entered retirement not on a tumbril but in a limousine,with$160m to soothe his discomfort. However churlish you may feel about Wall Street's new axiom—“the higher they fly,the bigger the parachute”—the departure of two of America's most senior bankers in a week is a good sign.Accountability,after all, is a step towards clarity,and there are few more coveted resources in today's fog-strewn and stormy banking industry.Both departures were accompanied by revelations of much steeper losses from American subprime mortgages than either Citi or Merrill had owned up to just weeks before. That attempt at honesty may have spooked the market because it showed how unsure the banks remain about how to value their subprime-related assets, but that is no reason to shy away from such disclosures.One worrying lesson for bankers and regulators everywhere to bear in mind is post-bubble Japan.In the1990s its leading bankers not only hung onto their jobs;they also refused to recognise and shed bad debts,in effect keeping“zombie”loans on their books.That is one reason why the country's economy stagnated for so long.The quicker bankers are to recognise their losses,to sell assets that they are hoarding in the vain hope that prices will recover,and to make markets in such assets for their clients,the quicker the banking system will get back on its feet.
2、Consumer Protection(20分)
The contract of sale is one in which buyer and seller are assttmed to be in a position of general equality,so that the main function of the law is to work out the appropriate consequences of what may be assumed to be the common intention of the parties.It is obvious,however,that in a very large number of sales this is by itself an unsuitable technique.The buyer may by virtue of haste,ignorance,gullibility,inferior bargaining position or simple imprudence enter into a transaction in which the goods supplied,or the term of contract,or both are unsatisfactory to him and in many circumstances it may be felt that he is desmwing protection.The protection required may be specif
ic,i.e.there may be a need for a private remedy in a particular situation; or general,i.e.it may be desirable to control unacceptable practices
of a particular type.A seller may also,thought less often,appear to require such protection against the buyer.The civil law has on the whole, save in the case of conscious deception,taken little account of these problems:its outlook is indeed sometimes expressed by the maxitn caveat emptor(Latin:let the buyer beware).Even where there is a remedy,its exercise may be troublesome or risky for the consumer.But the general problem has in fact been the subject of attention for many centuries. Attempts to regulate the price of staplecommodities(e.g.bread),and to control measurements and measuring equipment(e.g.in the sale of beer and coal)date back to the Middle Ages.More recently,however,the movement towards the protection of the consumer,who may in this context beroughly defined as private buyer from a commercial seller,and who is the personthought most in need of such protection,has increased greatly in strength and prominence.Statues and regulations have sought to protect consumers;officials have been appointed who have consumer protection as their function or among their functions;organizations of consumers seek to promote their interests;studies are conducted into the problems of consumer protection;and the various organs of the European Union and its predecessors has since1975taken a vigorous interest in consumer affairs.Indeed,the European Community is committed to ensure“a high level of consumer protection”and to contributing“to protecting the health,safety and economic interests of consumers,as well as promoting their right to information,education and to organise themselvesin orderto safeguardtheir interests.
3、(10分)Undoubtedly,the overall competitiveness of an economy that runs a persistent deficit or surplus is a decisive factor influencing the sustainability of the trade or current-account balance.Indeed,in the past,large corrections of deficits usually went hand in hand with huge devaluations of the nominal and real values of the currencies affected. Empirical evidence has shown that changes in the real effective exchanges rate(REER),the most comprehensive measure of the overall competitiveness of countries,have the potential to reduce deficits or to cause swings in the trade and current account from deficit to surplus,because they induce an expenditure switch between demand for domestic and foreign goods
对外经济贸易大学
2015年硕士学位研究生入学考试初试试题
考试科目:815经济学综合
一、单项选择(每小题1分,共10分)
1.某消费者效用函数TU=4X-3X²,X为某种商品的消费量,则该消费者效用极大化的消费量为()
A.X=1/4 B.X=2/3 C.X=3/4 D.2/5
2.下列()属于企业决策中的沉没成本
A.购买机器设备的支出
B.广告支出
C.租用厂房的支出
D.支付给劳动力的工资支出
3.根据斯塔克伯格模型的分析,两个生产相同产品且成本相同的寡头厂商顺序抉择产量时,()
A.先决策的厂商获利更多
B.后决策的厂商获利更多
C.两个厂商获利相等
D.不能确定哪一个厂商获利更多
4.如果规模报酬不变,单位时间里增加了20%的劳动投入,而保持资本投入不变,那么产出将()
A.增加20%
B.减少不到20%
C.减少20%
D.增加不到20%
5.若某产品市场在完全竞争条件下实现了均衡,则()
A.消费者得到了最大效用
B.生产者实现了最大利润
C.需求量等于供给量
D.以上都对
6.政府购买支出的变化导致收入变动超过最初支出的变化量,这是因为()
A.政府购买支出对收入变化很敏感
B.经济最初处于总收支平衡点
C.消费支出随收入变化而变化
D.潜在GDP发生了变化
7.通货膨胀对收入和财富再分配的影响是指通货膨胀()
A.造成收入结构的变化
B.使收入普遍上升
C.使债权人收入上升
D.使收入普遍下降
8.下列不属于供给冲击的是
A.工人罢工
B.暴雨使得农业减产
C.货币供给下降
D.铁矿石涨价
9.假设某国经济的生产函数为Cobb-Douglas函数形式,其中劳动报酬的份额为0.7,资本的份额为0.3,如果资本存量增长率等于1%,劳动力增长率为2%,全要素生产率增长率为1.2%,实际产出的增长率为
A1.2%B1.4%C2.6%D2.9%
10.本国实行固定汇率制度,其主要贸易伙伴发生通货膨胀,则
A本国贸易逆差
B政府将购进外汇
C本币供给将减少
D以上都对
二、判断下列表述的经济含义是否正确(每小题1分,共10分)
1.风险溢价表示了一个风险规避者愿意为规避风险而付出代价
2.沿着预算线移动,消费者的货币收入是不变的。

3.在完全竞争厂商的短期生产中,当厂商的平均收益等于平均成本时,厂商可以继续生产,也可以不生产,因此该均衡点被称为停止营业点或关闭点。

4.在买方垄断市场中,买方支付的价格等于他所得到的边际价值。

5.两种商品在消费者之间的有效配置意味着这两种商品的边际替代率对所有消费者来说都是相同的。

6.张先生买彩票中了1万元,这笔钱应该被计入GDP。

7.短期宏观经济均衡时,劳动市场仍然可能处于非均衡状态。

8.当国家间的资本完全流动时,财政政策在开放经济中的效应大于在封闭经济中的效应。

9.IS曲线和LM曲线的交点表示产品市场和货币市场的同时均衡,且处于充分就业条件下的均衡。

10.洛伦兹曲线的弯曲程度越大,收入分配越不平等。

三、名词解释(每小题4分,共16分)
1.连带外部效应(network externality)
2.期望效用
3.相机决策政策
4.价格粘性
四、计算分析题(每题10分,共20分)
1.假设某完全竞争的成本不变行业中所有厂商的长期成本函数都为
LTC=q3-6q2+20q(q为产量),试求:
(1)如果产品的市场价格为20,利润最大化时厂商的产量和利润(3分)
(2)该行业长期均衡时的价格和单个厂商的产量(3分)
(3)行业的长期供给函数(2分)
(4)若市场需求函数为Q=100-5P,行业长期均衡时的厂商数目。

(2分)
2.给定一国的宏观总生产函数为Y=AN2/3K1/3,其中,Y为总产出,K=390为资本总量,N=13为劳动力数量。

假定劳动力按照人口每年1%的增长速度增长,资本存量的折旧率为5%,技术水平为1,请根据具体的计算结果回答:
(1)该经济的人均产出将随时间如何变化?(5分)
2016年专业课考研真题答题黄金攻略
名师点评:认为只要专业课重点背会了,就能拿高分,是广大考生普遍存在
的误区。

而学会答题方法才是专业课取得高分的关键。

下面易研老师以经常考察
的名词解释、简答题、论述题、案例分析为例,来讲解标准的答题思路。

(一)名词解析答题方法
【考研名师答题方法点拨】
名词解释最简单,最容易得分。

在复习的时候要把参考书中的核心概念和重点概念夯实。

近5-10年的真题是复习名词解释的必备资料,通过研磨真题你可以知道哪些名词是出题老师经常考察的,并且每年很多高校的名词解释还有一定的重复。

我们的考研专业课对每个科目都收集了重点名词,不妨作为复习的参考。

专业课辅导名师解析:名词解析答题方法上要按照核心意思+特征/内涵/构成/案例,来作答。

①回答出名词本身的核心含义,力求尊重课本。

这是最主要的。

②简答该名词的特征、内涵、或者其构成、或者举一个案例加以解释。

如果做到①②,基本上你就可以拿满分。

③如果除非你根本不懂这个名词所云何事,或者压根没见过这个名词,那就要运用类比方法或者词义解构法,去尽可能地把握这个名词的意思,并组织下语言并加以润色,最好是以很学术的方式把它的内涵表述出来。

【名词解释答题示范】
例如:“A”。

第一,什么是A(核心意思,尊重课本)
第二,A的几个特征,不必深入解释。

第三,A的5点内涵。

【名词解释题答题注意事项】
第一,控制时间作答。

由于名词解释一般是第一道题,很多考生开始做题时心态十分谨慎,生怕有一点遗漏,造成失分,故而写的十分详细,把名词解释写成了简答或者论述,造成后面答题时间紧张,专业课老师提示,要严格控制在5分钟以内。

第二,专业课资深咨询师提醒大家,在回答名词解释的时候以150-200字为佳。

如果是A4的纸,以5-8行为佳。

(二)名词辨析答题方法
【考研名师答题方法点拨】
这道题目可以作为“复合型名词解析”来解答。

最主要的还是要解释清楚题目中的重要名词。

对于答题思路,还是按照我们总结的“三段论”的答题模式。

一般可以归类为“A是…”“A和B…”“AB和C”的关系三种类型,分别做答。

【名词辨析答题示范】
例如“A就是B”。

(专业课老师解析:这属于“A和B…”类型的题目)
第一,A的定义。

第二,B的定义。

第三,总结:A与B的关系。

【名词辨析题答题注意事项】
第一,不能一上来就辨析概念之间的关系。

如果先把题目中的相关概念进行阐释,会被扣除很多分数,甚至大部分分数,很多考生很容易忽视这一点。

第二,控制时间。

辨析题一般是专业课考试最前面的题目,一般每道题350-400字就可以,时间控制在10分钟以内,篇幅占到A4纸的半页为佳。

(三)简答题答题方法
【考研名师答题方法点拨】
简答题难度中等偏下,主要是考察考生对于参考书的重要知识点的记忆和背诵程度。

往往是“点对点”的考察。

一般不需要跨章节组织答案。

因此,只要大家讲究记忆方法,善于记忆,记忆5-7遍,就可以保证这道题目基本满分。

简答题采用“定义+框架+总结”答题法。

①首先把题干中涉及到的最重要的名词(也叫大概念)进行阐述,就像解答名词解释一样。

这一环节不能省略,否则无意中丢失很多的分数,这是很多考生容易忽视的一点。

②读懂题意,列要点进行回答。

回答要点一般3-5点,每条150-200字。

③进行简单的总结,总结多为简单评析或引申。

【答题示范】
例如“简答A的职能。


第一,A的定义。

(不能缺少)
第二,A的3大职能。

(主体部分)
第三,总结评析。

【简答题答题注意事项】
第一,在回答简答题的时候,要采取“总-分-总”答题结构。

即在回答要点之前进行核心名词含义的阐释,最后写几句起总结的话,这样不会给人一种太突兀的感觉。

第二,在回答的时候字数一般在600-800为佳,时间为15-20分钟。

通常字数应该是本题分值的至少30倍,即,1分至少30个字。

第三,如果课本没有明确答案,那你也不能拍脑门乱写,好的策略是向课本靠拢,将相关的你能够想到的内容往4×150里套就行了。

关键在于有条理又能自圆其说,你如果能结构清晰、条分缕析的把题答完,你肯定可以得满分。

(四)论述题答题方法
【考研名师答题方法点拨】
论述题属于中等偏上难度的题目,分值往往也比较大,考察对学科整体的把握和对知识点的灵活运用,进而运用理论知识来解决现实问题的能力。

但是,如果我们能够洞悉论述题的本质,其实回答起来还是非常简单的。

论述题,从本质上看,是考察对多个知识点的综合运用能力。

因此答案的组织往往是横贯全书,跨章节的。

这就要求我们必须对课本的整体框架和参考书的作者的写书的内部逻辑。

这一点是专业课讲授的重点,特别是对于跨专业的考生来说,要做到这一点,难度非常大,同时也很必要。

考研论述题答题攻略:论述题“3w答题法”,即what,why,how。

是什么,为什么,怎么办。

答题结构上“总—分—总”,开头要阐述背景,解释相关的名词,然后分析问题的原因和必要性,罗列要点,最后要做总结,还是那句话,不要给人留下突兀的感觉。

①阐释论述题中重要的相关概念,并把论述题中重要的核心理论要点写出来。

这部分是考察书本的理论知识的掌握,是后面展开分析的基础。

②要分析问的原因或者必要性。

这部分构成了论述题中的“论”,要写的像论文里面的分论点,对于每一个分论点要适当的“述”。

这是论述题的关键,结合课本,选好切入的角度至关重要。

③提出自己合理化的建议,并在最后做总结或者展望。

【论述题答题方法注意事项提示】
第一,紧扣理论。

先阐释清楚相关的概念和核心理论。

第二,回答的视角要广,角度要多,不能拘泥于一两个点。

但是条数也不宜过多,在5-8条为好。

第三,要点之间要有条理性。

论述题字数在1500左右。

用时为25-30分钟。

第四,如果没有案例分析题,论述题一般是最后一道考题,分值较大,需要考生合理规划时间,每道论述题至少留出30分钟以上的时间。

(五)案例分析题答题方法
【考研名师答题方法点拨】
案例分析考察形式往往看起来比较灵活,给人一种难以驾驭的感觉。

但是案例分析题并不难,与其说是在考察案例,不如说是再考察考生对核心理论的掌握。

一定要透过现象看本质,先理论后结合案例分析,方可获得案例分析题的高分。

考研答题攻略:案例分析要采用“理论——材料分析法”。

第一,仔细阅读案例,寻找涉及到的每一个相关的理论,并在答题的第一部分将理论部分写透。

(这是主要的部分)
第二,结合理论分析案例材料。

相关文档
最新文档