2020年中考英语题型解题技巧专题04 阅读技巧--主旨大意题、推理判断题(解析版).doc

阅读方法技巧--主旨大意题、推理判断题
主旨大意题
考查学生对短文主题思想或全文梗概的掌握和理解情况的题目,叫主旨大意题。

(一)主旨大意类题目常见的设问方式
1.What’s the main idea of this passage?
2.What does the passage mainly tell us?
3.What does the passage mainly discuss?
4.The writer means to tell us that.
5.The main idea/point of the passage is that.
6.The passage is mainly about.
7.From the passage we can learn/conclude that.
8.The last paragraph is chiefly concerned with.
9.What’s the best title for the passage?
10.What would be the best title for the passage?
11.The best title/headline(标题)for the passage is.
(二)主题句
段落的主题通常由被称为主题句(Topic Sentence)的句子来表示。

主题句有两个效用:①介绍段落的主题(Topic);②阐述控制概念(Controlling idea),控制概念用以控制段落中句子讨论的内容。

主题句通常是一段的第一句或末尾一句,偶尔在一段中间。

我们在阅读非故事性文章如科普文章的时候,主题句尤其明显。

有的文章无明显的主题句,主题句隐含在段意之中。

1.主题句位于段首
主题句位于段首是由作者先立论,后摆事实、讲道理的写作手法形成的。

这种段落称作演绎型段落。

据有关统计数字表明,在英语议论文或说明文中,有60%~90%的主题句是段落的第一句。

(1)寻找主题句
有些段落,有明显的引出细节的信息词,常见的信息词有:for example,an example of,the most important example,first,second,next,then,last,finally,to begin with,also,besides that等。

在阅读中,应尽量利用上述信息词确定主题句的位置。

从该段落中的for example可以断定,第一句是主题句。

如果无明显的信息词,可先假设第一句为主题句,在第二句前面添加一个for example,看看第二句是否可以支撑第一句话,如果第二句不能支撑第一句话,便在其他地方找出主题句。

(2)选择参考答案
先彻底弄懂主题句的句意,然后阅读A、B、C、D四选项,选择与主题句句意相吻合的参考答案,如主题句的再现,主题句句意的复述或推论等,排除与主题句句意无关的参考答案,如支撑细节和文章中未曾阐述的事实等。

2.主题句位于段末
主题句位于段末是作者采用了先摆事实,后做结论的手法。

这种段落称作归纳型段落。

3.主题句位于段落的中间
主题句偶尔也出现在段落的中间,但不一定就在正中间。

有时,第一句并非主题句,而是承上启下的过渡句。

在这种情况下,第二句便成了主题句。

此外,主题句也可能是段落的倒数第二句。

推理判断题
推理判断题主要考查考生根据文章的字面意思,通过语篇逻辑关系,研究细节的暗示,推敲作者的态度,理解文章的寓意等。

推理判断题属于主观性较强的高层次阅读理解题。

推理判断题问句中常含有suggest,conclude,learn,intend,mean,describe,purpose等词,或提问中含有表示推测的情态动词,如can,could,might,would等和其他表示可能性的词,如probably,most likely等。

(一)解题思路
做推理判断类试题时我们不仅要弄懂文章字面的意思,更重要的是要知道文章潜在的含义,以及作者所给的提示。

同时要对文章的含义和作者的暗示作出合理的猜测和推论。

关键是:意思要靠推断得出,而不是原文照搬。

这就要把握住文章的主题思想和每段的内容;明确作者的观点及其写作该文的目的;分析文章里所给的有关信息;注意词汇在词典里的定义和词典以外的含义;最后运用自己的知识进行由表及里的逻辑推理,挖出文章的伏笔,得出正确的推论。

这些提问方式的参考答案一般在短文中不可能直接找到,必须根据提问中的某些关键字眼与短文中相应的有关内容加以逻辑推理或演算,从而得出某些作者并未说明却已在字里行间所暗含的意思及观点。

具体来说,考生应当注意以下几点:
1.首先注意一定要忠实于原文,以文章提供的事实和线索为依据。

立足已知,推断未知,遵循“词不离句,句不离段,段不离篇”的原则。

千万不能主观臆想,凭空想象,随意揣测,更不能以自己的观点代替作者的观点。

2.要吃透文章的字面意思,从字里行间捕捉有用的提示和线索,这是推理的前提和基础。

有的推断,考生完全可以根据文章中所阐述的细节,再结合自己所掌握的基础知识、有关背景知识或常识来帮助进行分析、推敲,从而得出符合文章原意的结论。

3.要对文字的表面信息进行挖掘加工,由表及里,由浅入深,从具体到抽象,从特殊到一般,通过分析、综合、
判断等,进行深层处理。

不能就事论事,断章取义,以偏概全。

4.要把握句、段之间的逻辑关系,了解语篇的结构,同时还要体会文章的基调,揣摩作者的态度,摸准逻辑发展方向,悟出作者的言外之意。

5.在解答推理性问题时,一定要注意确定推理依据的位置或范围。

应清楚所要解答的问题需要针对某个细节进行推断,还是针对主题思想、作者的意图进行推断。

针对细节的推断可运用scanning的方法,迅速在材料中确定推理依据的位置或范围,然后再进行推理判断。

针对主题思想做推断时,则常常要纵览全篇文章。

(二)解题方法
1.抓住特定信息进行逆向或正向推理
做此类试题要善于抓住某一段话中的关键信息,即某些关键词或短语去分析、推理、判断,利用逆向思维或正面推理,从而推断出这句话所隐含的深层含义。

2.整合全文(段)信息进行推断
做推理题时,有时需要在弄懂全文意思的基础上,整合与题目相关的有用信息,综合起来去推理判断,确定最佳结论。

3.利用语境的褒贬性进行信息推断
几乎每篇文章的语境都有一定褒贬性,这种褒贬性反映了主人公的特定心理和情绪状态及作者的写作意图,因此利用好文章的语境褒贬性就能在把握文意主旨的基础上对文章进行准确的逻辑判断。

认真阅读原文并找出反映语境褒贬性及变化的标志性词汇或句子,对我们掌握文章主旨,了解主人公的心理特点及发展变化,从而正确地进行逻辑推断很有好处。

4.根据文章的结论推断作者的态度
作者的态度、倾向是指作者对陈述的观点是赞同、反对还是犹豫不定,对记叙或描写的人、物或事件等是赞颂、同情、冷漠还是厌恶、憎恨。

作者的这种思想倾向和感情色彩往往隐含在文章的字里行间,或流露于修饰的词语之中。

因此,在推断过程中,应特别注意文中作者的措辞,尤其是表达感情色彩的形容词。

5.根据上下文的逻辑得出结论
逻辑结论是指严格根据文章中所陈述的事实、论点、例证等一系列论据材料进行推理,从而得出合乎逻辑的结论,而不是根据自己的经验、态度、观点或爱好去理解文章的内涵。

做这类题时,应把握作者的写作思路,预测下文可能发展的内容。

文章可按事件发展的经过描写,也可按因果关系,对比关系来描写。

6.结合已有的知识进行推断
知识推断是根据文章中所阐述的细节,运用自己掌握的基础知识进行分析、推敲,从而得出符合文章原意的结论的一种推断方法。

知识推断题一般都是针对细节。

解答此类题,不仅需要我们有一定的社会基础知识,而且还需要对细节以及有关背景知识有一个充分的理解。

五、文章结构题
推理判断题的一种特殊设题形式。

考查文章的整体篇章结构或某一段落的发展层次。

这类考题主要考查考生在理解全文的基础上对文章所描述事件的发展顺序、所说明事物的结构层次。

在中考题中,这是一种较为新颖的考查方式。

文章结构题的设题方式有:
a.What is the right order of the steps in doing ?
b.Which of the following pictures shows the structure of the passage?
c.In the next part, the author would most probably talk about .
六、态度观点题
推理判断题的又一种特殊设题形式。

考查作者的写作意图、对观点的态度和对事件的评价。

态度观点题的设题方式有:
a.What is the purpose of the passage?/The purpose of the passage is .
b.What is the opinion of the writer in this passage?
c.What is the writer’s attitude towar
d...?
解题方法:
通读全文,寻找判断依据,揣摩作者的思路,得出结论。

专题训练
一
Nowadays there are different ideas about competition. Some value it highly, believing that it is good for social development. However, others say that competition is bad and that it leads to unfriendly relationship between people.
I have taught many children. For them, playing well and winning are often life-and-death events. In their mind what they really want is going for success, and the development of many other qualities is sadly forgotten.
However, while some seem to be lost on the way to success, others take an opposite opinion. Many people are strongly against competition. Among them, most are young people who have suffered from such pressure from their parents. They seem to look for failure by not trying to win or achieve success., they always have an ex cuse:“I may have lost, but it doesn’t matter because I really didn’t try.” They don’t want to admit (承认) that if they have really tried and lost, that would mean more.
Clearly, this belief(信念) is the same as that of those who try to prove(证明) themselves. Both come from the wrong belief that self-confidence depends on how well one does by comparing with others. Both are afraid of not being valued. If such fear begins to be unimportant, we can have a better knowledge of competition.
1.For some people who like competition, winning is really .
A.troublesome
B.unfriendly
C.important
D.opposite
2.Which of the following should be put in the blank“” in Paragraph 3?
A.By not trying
B.By not losing
C.By comparing
D.By valuing
3.What is the right structure of this passage?
(stands for a paragraph)
4.How does the writer make these different ideas clear?
A.By giving explanations.
B.By giving examples.
C.By giving excuses.
D.By giving suggestions.
5.What is the best title of this passage?
A.The Competition and Failure.
B.The Competition and Success.
C.The Competition and Comparing.
D.Two Ideas of Competitions.
1.【参考答案】C
【解析】细节理解题。

从第一段第二句可知参考答案。

value重视。

2.【参考答案】A
【解析】细节理解题。

第三段中设空处缺少的句子应该是其前后两个句子的过渡,by not trying就是他们找借口(excuse)的理由。

3.【参考答案】B
【解析】推理判断题。

从本文的结构来看,首先综述有两个不同观点,然后分述两种观点的表现,最后总结两种观点的根源,提出如何对竞争有更好的理解。

因此是总—分—总的结构。

4.【参考答案】A
【解析】推理判断题。

纵观本文,作者是通过解释来说明不同的观点的。

5.【参考答案】D
【解析】主旨大意题。

从第一段和最后一段可知文章就是对竞争两种观点的论述。

二
From plastic bottles and straws*to disposable*coffee cups, humans produce a lot of plastic waste. Plastic pollution has become a global issue. To solve this problem, many companies and designers are starting to turn to nature for inspiration, The Telegraph reported. They have made products out of plants and vegetables, which will help to reduce plastic waste.
Bamboo is a fast-growing plant. Some species can grow about 60 cm a day, which makes bamboo ideal for making consumable products, such as drinking straws and paper. If we cut down a bamboo plant to make paper, within weeks another fully-grown bamboo plant will be ready for harvesting. In addition, bamboo drinking straws and paper are organic, clean and low-carbon.
There are many different kinds of squash*. The one you are most familiar with is probably pumpkin. But did you know squash can be made into cups? Creme, a US company, has created squash cups. The company first grows a squash inside a 3D-printed mold. Then, the vegetable is dried out. This makes it watertight. After it is dried, you can use it to drink. When you’re done drinking from it, this environmentally friendly cup can be used as fertilizer*.
Look at this bottle packaging. Does it look like plastic? Actually, it is made out of the mycelium* that comes from mushrooms. Mycelium is found on the underside of certain mushrooms. It looks like very thin thread*. Ecovative Design, a US company, mixes agricultural waste and mycelium from mushrooms together. Over time, the mycelia fibers* begin to grow around the waste, binding* it together to form a shape. The mushroom fibers need six days to grow, and decompose* within 180 days in the soil.
1.According to the passage, squash can be made into cups because .
A.it can grow 60 cm a day
B.it can decompose easily in the soil
C.it could be made with 3D printers easily
D.the straws made of squash are organic, clean and low-carbon
2.Which is NOT true according to the passage?
A.All the products made of these plants are environmental-friendly.
B.Bamboo can be used to make drinking straws because it grows very fast.
C.Products made of plants have become very popular.
D.Ecovative Design makes bottle packaging from mushrooms.
3.What will the writer probably write in the following paragraph?
A.Introduce another kind of plants.
B.Tell us the importance of these plants.
C.Ask people to protect plants.
D.Explain why we use plant-made products.
4.What can be the best title for the passage?
A.Human and nature
B.Inspiration from plants
C.Protection of plants
D.Some new inventions
1.【参考答案】B
【解析】细节理解题。

有的竹子品种可以每天长60厘米,而不是南瓜,故排除A项;根据第三自然段最后一句When you’re done drinking from it, this environmentally friendly cup can be used as fertilizer可知,它很容易被分解,故B项正确;杯子不是用3D打印机制作的,是在3D模子中生长的,因此排除C项;由竹子做成的吸管是有机的、干净的、低碳的,因此排除D项。

参考答案选择B项。

2.【参考答案】C
【解析】细节理解题。

通读全文可知A项正确;由第二自然段第二句Some species can grow about 60 cm a day, which makes bamboo ideal for making consumable products可知,B项正确;C项文章没有提及;由第四自然段中的Ecovative Design, a US company, mixes agricultural waste and mycelium from mushrooms together.可知D项正确。

3.【参考答案】A
【解析】推理判断题。

前文从第二段到第四段都是在介绍植物和由植物制成的物品,接下来可以介绍其他植物。

因此选择A项。

4.【参考答案】B
【解析】主旨大意题。

为了减少塑料的使用,本文介绍了向自然寻求帮助带来的灵感,第一自然段第三句中的To solve this problem, many companies and designers are starting to turn to nature for inspiration阐述了这一主题。

三
Are You Right Handed or Left Handed?
Which hand do you use when you write? About 8 to 15 percent of people are left handed. They often have to use tools that are designed for right-handed people. So it is difficult for left-handers to use most tools. If you are right handed, try this experiment:Take a knife with your left hand and try cutting a potato into p ieces. Don’t be surprised if you feel awkward(别扭的).
In the past, people thought it was strange to use the left hand. Young students looked down upon their left-handed classmates. Some children were even punished for using their left hand to write. But these days parents and teachers have accepted that. In almost every school in the world, left-handed students can use their left hand to write.
What causes people to be left handed or right handed? Experts have searched long and hard on this. They concluded(得出结论)that left-handed people are left handed for the same reason that right-handed people are right handed. One out of every ten people just is a left-hander. It’s simply like the color of our eyes—some people have brown eyes, while some others have black eyes.
However, many researchers think that left-handers and right-handers are different in some aspects. Right-handers are more talkative and outgoing than left-handers. Many right-handed people understand spoken words better. For example, after they listen to directions to a supermarket, they can find it easily. Right-handers are good at organizing people, too. They are also better basketball guards. Just ask Yao Ming.
Research shows that left-handers are creative and artistic. Many famous performers, like Jim Carrey and Paul McCartney, are left handed. Many left-handers learn better visually(在视觉方面). In art, both Leonardo da Vinci and Michelangelo were left handed. In music, Ludwig van Beethoven was left handed. In science, you find Newton and Einstein. The left-handed people are also really good at tennis and other single sports.
If you prefer one hand, but you are still good at writing with the other, you are mixed handed. Research shows mixed-handers can remember everyday things better than other people. What did you eat for lunch two weeks ago? If you’re mixed handed, you can probably remember.
1.If right-handers cut up potatoes with their left hand, they will.
A.get hurt
B.give up cutting
C.feel awkward
D.change their tools
2.What is Paragraph 2 mainly about?
A.Causes of being left handed.
B.Encouragement to left-handers.
C.Punishment for using the left hand.
D.Changes in opinions on left-handers.
3.According to the passage, right-handers.
A.learn better visually
B.are good organizers
C.are better at single sports
D.give clear directions to others
4.From the passage, we can learn that left-handers.
A.may be more talkative and outgoing
B.are ordinary people like right-handers
C.might remember everyday things better
D.no longer need to use right-handed tools
1.【参考答案】C
【解析】细节理解题。

由第一段最后两句可知参考答案选C。

2.【参考答案】D
【解析】主旨大意题。

通读第二段并结合“In the past”和“But these days”可知参考答案选D。

3.【参考答案】B
【解析】细节理解题。

根据文章第四段中的相关内容可知,习惯使用右手的人擅长组织。

所以选B。

4.【参考答案】B
【解析】推理判断题。

A选项说的是习惯使用右手的人的特点。

C选项说的是两只手都可以写字的人的特点。

由文章第一段第三句可知,左撇子有时候不得不使用为习惯使用右手的人专门设计的工具。

通读第三段的内容可知参考答案选B。

四
Smile Train is a charity(慈善团体) that helps the millions of children around the world, who suffer from a facial defect(缺陷). The defect happens when a baby’s top lip or mouth doesn’t form properly before birth. Eating and drinking is very difficult for these babies. The charity provides free operations, which give these children a new smile, and with it, new hope and a new beginning.
Children with the defect need all the help. Although many sufferers are accepted by their families, sadly, others are not. In some countries, children with this defect are often abandoned at birth because their parents feel ashamed of them or cannot afford the operations. The good news is that the operation is not difficult. It takes less
than an hour and costs the family nothing. The charity raises money and finds the right medical volunteers to perform the operations.
A Smile Train doctor from the UK said,“Each child who has the operation is given a second chance at life. After years of staying at home, the children can finally go to school and be happy. Every year I perform hundreds of operations free of cost through Smile Train. Some of the stories I have heard are quite surprising. One newborn baby girl was found abandoned on a train. Luckily for her, she was found and adopted(收养)by a passenger. This lady then heard about Smile Train and brought the baby to our hospital. I did the operation and gave hope to the family. Experienced doctors like me share our skills with local doctors. In this way we make sure that these operations will always be available.”
1.Smile Train is a charity which .
A.provides food and medical care for poor children
B.raises money for all the doctors working in the UK
C.offers free medical help to children with the facial defect
D.gives children without parents new hope and a new beginning
2.The underlined word “abandoned” in Paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to .
A.given up
B.dressed up
C.called up
D.brought up
3.What did the doctor from the UK think of his volunteer work?
A.Dangerous.
B.Surprising.
C.Relaxing.
D.Valuable.
4.It can be inferred from the passage that .
A.children with the facial defect are becoming more ashamed than before
B.more doctors are trained to help children with the facial defect
C.fewer baby boys with the facial defect are operated on than girls
D.doctors in Smile Train are always well paid for doing the operations
1.【参考答案】C
【解析】细节理解题。

由本文第一句Smile Train is a charity that helps the millions of children around the world, who suffer from a facial defect.可知参考答案选择C项。

2.【参考答案】A
【解析】词义猜测题。

根据上下文可知,画线句的含义是:在一些国家,有这种缺陷的孩子经常在出生时就被抛
弃,因为他们的父母为有这样的孩子感到羞愧或者负担不起手术的费用,所以abandon的意思是“抛弃”,因此A 项符合题意。

3.【参考答案】D
【解析】推理判断题。

由文章第三段第一句英国的医生说的Each child who has the operation is given a second chance at life.可知,医生认为他们的工作是有价值的,因此D项符合题意。

4.【参考答案】B
【解析】推理判断题。

由文章的最后两句Experienced doctors like me share our skills with local doctors. In this way we make sure that these operations will always be available.可以推断,越来越多的医生被培训,以帮助这些有面部缺陷的孩子们。

故选B项。

五
Many objects in the universe are invisible* , but they send radio waves. The radio telescope* thus appeared, and it is considered one of the greatest inventions in the twentieth century. Reber built the world’s first radio telescope in 1937. Ryle and Hewish developed radio telescope systems for the location of weak radio sources, and they shared the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1974.
A radio telescope is usually made up of:
◆One or more antennas to collect the radio waves. Most antennas are made in the shape of a dish to collect and reflect* the radio waves to the sub-reflector, in the same way as a curved mirror focuses visible light to one point.
◆A receiver and amplifier to receive the radio waves from the sub-reflector, and make these weak radio waves strong enough to be recorded and turned into electronic signals*. To make an amplifier sensitive enough, it is
usually cooled to very low temperatures (e.g. as low as -270℃).
◆A recorder to keep a record of the electronic signals. Most radio telescopes today keep the signals to the computer’s memory disk for astronomers to analyze later.
Radio wavelengths are much longer than those of visible light, and the radio waves from deep space are always weak. To catch these waves, radio telescopes usually have huge antennas. The sizes of most antennas in use today are around 50 to 300 metres in diameter. The antenna of FAST in Guizhou, China, the latest and largest radio telescope in the world, is 500 metres in diameter, as large as the size of 30 football fields.
To avoid interferences, and keep the telescopes sensitive, radio telescopes are built in places where there are no human radio waves or electronic signals. For example, FAST is 5 kilometres away from the closest village and 25 kilometres away from the nearest town.
Radio telescopes create pictures of the sky, not in visible light, but in radio waves. This is extremely useful, because there are objects that can’t be seen, objects that we wouldn’t even know were there without radio telescopes.
1.Radio telescopes help collect from the universe.
A.light
B.objects
C.radio waves
D.visible signals
2.Most antennas of radio telescopes are made in the shape of a dish to .
A.make the antennas strong enough
B.increase the number of radio waves
C.turn radio waves into electronic signals
D.focus radio waves on the sub-reflector
3.The underlined word “interferences” in the passage refers to .
A.the noises made by villagers and animals
B.the sounds from the radios and televisions
C.the people who go to Guizhou to watch FAST work
D.the radio waves and electronic signals from humans
4. What have we done with the help of radio telescopes?
A.We have received pictures of deep space.
B.We have discovered unknown lives in the universe.
C.We have found some unknown objects in the universe.
D.We have turned the radio waves from space into light.
1.【参考答案】C
【解析】细节理解题。

根据第一段第一句和第二句Many objects in the universe are invisible, but they send radio waves. The radio telescope thus appeared...可知射电望远镜是用来接收无线电波的。

故本题选择C。

2.【参考答案】D
【解析】细节理解题。

根据Most antennas are made in the shape of a dish to collect and reflect the radio waves to the sub-reflector可知“把无线电波集中到副反射器上”正确,故本题选择D。

3.【参考答案】D
【解析】词义猜测题。

由倒数第二段第一句To avoid interferences, and keep the telescopes sensitive, radio telescopes are built in places where there are no human radio waves or electronic signals可知,射电望远镜要避开人类发出的无线电波和电子信号, 故本题选择D。

4.【参考答案】C
【解析】细节理解题。

本题应分别对四个选项进行判断。

由最后一段第一句话Radio telescopes create pictures of the sky, not in visible light,but in radio waves可排除A;B项意为“我们已经发现了宇宙中的未知生命”,文中没有提及;C项意为“我们已经发现了一些宇宙中的未知物体”,通过原文最后一句话This is extremely useful, because there are objects that can’t be seen, objects that we wouldn’t even know were there without radio telescopes可知C项符合原文;D项意为“我们已经将来自太空的无线电波转换为光”,文章并没有提到。

由此可知本题选择C。

六
I want to rant a little about cell phones. Here are a few things I hate about them.
I hate it when people turn cell phones on in the movies to check their messages. When someone turns a cell phone on in the movies, I want to turn on a flashlight and point it at their faces.
I hate it when people talk loudly on cell phones in libraries, in quiet bookstores, on buses or on trains. Do these people really think we want to hear their conversation?It’s not very interesting, to be honest. They’re usually talking about what they ate for breakfast, and we can’t hear the other end of the conversation(although I’m pretty sure the other side of the conversation is just boring).
I hate it when people answer their phone calls while I’m talking to them, and then, in front of me, continue a long conversat ion. I also hate it when people text while I’m sitting at dinner with them. This is probably the worst thing people do on cell phones. This sends the message to the person you’re eating with that“You are not interesting or important enough. I’d rather text my other friend. Obviously, I like this other friend much better than I like you.”
I saw a girl yesterday standing in front of the Pacific Ocean. The sun was setting. The sky was pink, orange, and blue. The waves were rolling onto the beach. She was looking down at her little pink cell phone, texting something. She did not look up once. I really wanted to tell her,“”.
1.People usually rant about things that make them .
A.angry
B.embarrassed
C.sad
D.disappointed
2.The writer believes the worst thing that people do with cell phones is text someone .
A.while reading in a library
B.while walking at the beach
C.while watching movies in the theater
D.while eating dinner with someone else
3.The writer probably .
A.hates people who have cell phones
B.talks loudly on her/his cell phone on buses
C.tries to use her/his cell phone politely
D.calls someone often at breakfast
4.What would the writer probably say at the end of the passage?
A.Put away your cell phone and go to enjoy the latest movies!
B.Turn off your cell phone and talk to your friends face to face!
C.Leave your cell phone in the bag and go home for dinner with your family!
D.Throw your cell phone in the ocean and enjoy the wonderful world in front of you!
1.【参考答案】A
【解析】词义猜测题。

根据后文一系列的“hate”和作者在文中所表达的情感可以判断。

2.【参考答案】D
【解析】细节理解题。

根据第四段可以得知选项D符合题意。

3.【参考答案】C
【解析】推理判断题。

根据作者所表达的一系列的“hate”, 可以判断作者本人会有礼貌地使用手机。

4.【参考答案】D
【解析】推理判断题。

根据作者最后一段提供的情境,还有文章情感基调可以判断参考答案为D。

七
I’m not the kind of mother who normally brushes her daughter’s hair, and my d aughter has never liked sitting there, waiting for me to do it.
But today, I’ve sat my daughter Sally on a kitchen stool(凳子). She’s sitting high with her eyes closed, skin still wet from the shower, and her long hair behind her back. I realize she is enjoy ing the moment. It’s the last time for a week that our bodies will connect. Today, I’m sending Sally away for a week of summer camp. This was all my idea. She’s nearly 12, and I noticed that I’m with my child nearly 24 hours a day.
Living on a farm without any neighbors, I’ve chosen a life that is quieter than a normal family’s. But rather than expecting space away from me, Sally has become increasingly dependent. What frightens me most is that she has become a “mini-me”,even has the same hobbies, dreams, and opinions as me. That’s why I pulled her to the summer camp:a nearby wilderness(荒野)camp called Hawk Circle.
After eating, I drive Sally to Hawk Circle. Once there, we are introduced to her fellow campers. Sally stands by them, holding my hand, horror in her eyes, trying to work up the courage to join a game of soccer. “I need you for a few more minutes,”she tells me. I pull her away to walk to one of the camp’s workers. “Excuse me.”I say loudly, “I’d like to introduce you to my daughter. Maybe you could help her meet a few of these kids.”He comes over to talk to Sally, and then I disappear before she realizes it.
It is a hard time for me to drive back. When I arrive home, I calm down and remind myself why I chose this way. I want Sally to have a chance to find herself. I want to learn who she is. If I don’t set her free, I fear I’ll never really meet her real personality.
1.Why did the writer send her daughter to the summer camp?
A.Her daughter wanted to go to the summer camp.
B.It was helpful for her daughter to make friends.
C.She wanted to help build her daughter’s independence.
D.Camp training was something common to her daughter.
2.The underlined word“horror”in Paragraph 4 probably means“”.
A.fear
B.doubt
C.hate
D.pity
3.How did the writer feel after leaving the camp?
A.She was worried about her daughter’s health.
B.She was proud that she had done something right.
C.She was sorry and regretted sending her daughter away.
D.She was upset but knew she had made the right decision.
4.The writer mainly wants to express .
A.children are usually mirrors of parents
B.children always expect space from parents
C.parents sometimes need to let their children go
D.parents should often send children to summer camps
1.【参考答案】C
【解析】推理判断题。

通过第二段的最后一句以及第三段的“dependent”,可知参考答案。

2.【参考答案】A
【解析】词义猜测题。

通过本段中“trying to work up the courage...I need you for a few more minutes”可知参考答案。

3.【参考答案】D
【解析】细节理解题。

通过最后一段中的“It is a hard time for me to drive back”,以及“I calm down and remind myself why I chose this way”可知参考答案。

4.【参考答案】C
【解析】主旨大意题。

通过作者叙述把女儿送到夏令营的目的可知参考答案。

八
Many of you have heard a Cinderella (灰女孩) story, but you may not know that there are over a hundred different ways to tell the Cinderella story. When writers tell the same story in a different way, it is called their “version” of the story. The story of Cinderella has many different versions. Let’s read two of them and find out how they are different.
The version that most people know is the oldest one written in 1697 by Charles Perrault from France. This is the ver sion where the birds help make Cinderella’s dress and the mice turn into carriage men (马车夫) and help Cinderella go to the dance in a pumpkin (南瓜) carriage. In this version, many of the animals are Cinderella’s friends. They help her meet the Prince. Cinderella marries the Prince and they live happily together ever after.
In another version of this story written in the 1850s by Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm from Germany, the birds help Cinderella in the whole story. Cinderella’s father gives her a little tree when he comes back from a party. She plants the little tree and her tears water it until it grows into a tall tree.
The birds now live in the tree and they give Cinderella a dress of gold and shoes of gold. Cinderella goes to the party to meet and dance with the Prince. Later, he finds Cinderella at home doing work for her stepmother (继。