语法讲解:过去分词作定语和表语(配高二必修5)
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2) The United States is a developed country. ) = The United Stated is a country which has developed ______________________ .
注:本句中的过去分词作定语,只表示完成。 本句中的过去分词作定语,只表示完成。 3) Have you noticed the bridge being built there? = Have you noticed the bridge which is being built ______________________ there? 本句中的过去分词作定语, 注:本句中的过去分词作定语,表示被动的 动作正在进行。 动作正在进行。
5. It is believed that if a book is_______, it will surely _______ the reader. A.interested; interest B.interesting; be interested C.interested; be interesting D.interesting; interest
4. After the fight, a caretaker found that
a young man _______ so he telephoned for an ambulance immediately. A.seriously injured B.was injured seriously C.was serious injured D.was seriously injured
4. 听 说 那 位 明 星 死 了 , 人 人 都 很 惊 讶 。 Everybody was shocked ____________to hear the death of the famous film star. .
5.要去动物园了,孩子们非常兴奋。 要去动物园了,孩子们非常兴奋。 要去动物园了 The children are really excited about ______________________ going to the zoo. . 6.他的伤口感染了一种新病毒 他的伤口感染了一种新病毒. 他的伤口感染了一种新病毒 became/was infected with His wound ______________________ a new virus. .
Grammar
past participle used as the attribute & the predictive
Grammar
一、过去分词作定语 单个的过去分词作定语时一般兼有被动和完成 1、单个的过去分词作定语时一般兼有被动和完成 的意义。 的意义。
eg:a lost animal : a used staen coin a lighted candle
Practice: Complete the sentences using the past participle as the predicative. 1. 丢了钱他自责不已。 丢了钱他自责不已。 got blamed He ______________ about losing the money. 2、你为什么总是看上去很疲劳?这些日子睡得 、你为什么总是看上去很疲劳? 好吗? 好吗? look so tired Why do you always _____________ ? Do you sleep well these days?
二、过去分词作表语 过去分词作表语, 1 、 过去分词作表语 , 表示主语的特点或所处 的状态,其前的系动词有包括be be在内的多种 的状态,其前的系动词有包括be在内的多种 形式。 形式。 e.g. : Everyone present is very inspired at his speech. . 听了他的发言, 在场的所有人都很振奋。 听了他的发言 , 在场的所有人都很振奋 。 You seem frightened. 你似乎受了惊吓。 你似乎受了惊吓。
高考链接
1. Linda worked for the Minnesota Manufacturing and Mining Company, B ______ as 3M. A. knowing B. known C. being known D. to be known 解析:答案B 解析:答案B。此处考查过去分词作后置 定语,3M与know之间是被动关系 之间是被动关系, 定语,3M与know之间是被动关系,故用过 去分词表示被动。 去分词表示被动。
高考链接
3. Don’t use words, expressions, or phrases D _______ only to people with specific knowledge. A. being known B. having been known C. to be known D. known 解析:答案D know与words,expressions, 解析:答案D。know与words,expressions, phrases构成动宾关系 构成动宾关系, phrases构成动宾关系,故用过去分词表示 被动。 被动。
3.我对昨晚看的电影很失望。我原以为它能 我对昨晚看的电影很失望。 我对昨晚看的电影很失望 好些。 好些。 was disappointed with I _____________________ the film I saw last night, I had expected it to be better.
系动词
appear, be, become, fall, feel, get, go, grow, keep, look, prove, remain, rest, run, seem, smell, sound, stay, taste, turn
过去分词作表语, 2、过去分词作表语,构成的系表结构与 被动语态的区别: 被动语态的区别: 过去分词作表语, 强调特点或状态; 过去分词作表语 , 强调特点或状态 ; 而被动语态中,强调动作。 而被动语态中,强调动作。 e.g.:This shop is now closed. closed. : 这家商店现在已经关门了。 状态) 这家商店现在已经关门了。(状态) This shop is closed at 6 pm everyday. . 这家商店每天6点关门。 动作) 这家商店每天6点关门。(动作)
少数表示位移或状态改变的不及物动词的过去分词 只有完成的意义
fallen leaves the risen sun a returned student a retired teacher an escaped prisoner 犯
过去分词作后置定语,表示被动和/ 2 、 过去分词作后置定语 , 表示被动和 / 或完 成意义。 成意义。 e.g.: How I regretted the hours wasted in the : woods! 我多懊悔在树林浪费的时光啊 I like wearing clothes made of this kind of cloth. . 我喜欢穿这种布料做的衣服。 我喜欢穿这种布料做的衣服。 e.g.:The books written by Lu Xun are popular. : . 鲁迅写的书很受欢迎 We’ll go to visit the bridge built hundreds of years ago. . 我们要去看那座建于几百年前的桥。 我们要去看那座建于几百年前的桥。
高考链接
A 2. The disc, digitally ________ in the studio, sounded fantastic at the party that night. A. recorded B. recording C. to be recorded D. having recorded 解析:答案A 解析:答案A。此处考查过去分词作后置 定语,disc与record之间是被动关系 之间是被动关系, 定语,disc与record之间是被动关系,故 用过去分词表示。 用过去分词表示。
想一想
什么时候用前置定语? 什么时候用前置定语? 什么时候用后置定语? 什么时候用后置定语? 单个的过去分词作定语一般放在被修饰的 单个的过去分词作定语一般放在被修饰的 名词前 过去分词短语作定语要放在被修饰的名词 过去分词短语作定语要放在被修饰的名词 短语 后面
Practice: Change the following Past Participle into clauses. 1) The question discussed was very ) important. = The question which had been discussed ________________________ was very important. 本句中的过去分词作定语, 注 : 本句中的过去分词作定语 , 既表被 动又表完成。 动又表完成。
现在分词和过去分词作表语的区别
V-ing 形式表示“令人……的” V-ed 形式表示“某人感到……的”
The story is interesting. I am interested in the story.
语法专练
1.
China is __________ . A. a developed country B. a country which was developing C.a developing country D.a country which is developed
2. look! A ______ woman was coming. A. beautiful dressed B. dressed beautiful C. beautifully dressed D. dressed beautifully
3. Mr smith, _______ of the ______ speech, started to read a novel. A.tired; boring B.tiring; bored C.tired; bored D.tiring; boring
现在分词和过去分词作定语的区别
现在分词:主动,正在进行 现在分词:主动, 过去分词:被动和/或完成 过去分词:被动和/
There are 220 children studying in the art school. The experience gained will be of great value to us.
一只迷路的动物 一枚用过的邮票 一个受伤的手指 一枚破损的硬币 一支点燃的蜡烛
注意:过去分词作定语时,有时只有被动意义。 注意:过去分词作定语时,有时只有被动意义。 e.g.:spoken English :
written exercises
英语口语 书面练习 落叶 升起来的太阳 一名留学生 一名退休教师 一名逃跑的囚
高考链接
B 4. The flowers _______ sweet in the botanical garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature. A. to smell B. smelling C. smelt D. to be smelt 解析:答案B 此处为现在分词作定语, 解析:答案B。此处为现在分词作定语, 修饰flowers smell为系动词 flowers。 为系动词, 修饰flowers。smell为系动词,不能用于 被动语态,相当于which/that 被动语态,相当于which/that smells sweet。 sweet。