人教新教材英语必修1Unit1 学案：Discovering Useful Structures——

Discovering Useful Structures——短语(1)
①Going from
junior high school to senior high school is a really big challenge.
②The first week was a little confusing.
③First, I had to think very carefully about which courses I want to take.
④My adviser recommended that I should sign up for advanced literature because I like English and I’m good at it.
⑤The main purpose of the course is to help improve each student’s reading ability.
⑥Finding time for both studies and extra－curricular activities is a big challenge, so I need to make a workable schedule.
〖自主发现〗
1．①句中名词短语a really big challenge在句中作表语；
2．②句中形容词短语a little confusing在句中作表语；
3．③句中副词短语very carefully在句中作状语；
4．④句中名词短语advanced literature在句中作宾语；
5．⑤句中名词短语The main purpose of the course在句中作主语。

6．⑥句中名词短语a workable schedule在句中作宾语。

一、名词短语(Noun Phrase或NP)
英语中，短语有很多种类型，其中名词短语最为重要，它是英语造句中不可或缺的元素。

1．名词短语的定义：名词与它的修饰语一起构成的短语。

2．名词短语的句法功能
(1)名词短语在句中充当主语。

These red roses are for you.
这些红玫瑰是送给你的。

(2)名词短语在句中充当宾语。

I have three close friends.我有三个要好的朋友。

(3)名词短语在句中充当表语。

He is my best friend.
他是我最好的朋友。

(4)名词短语在句中充当宾语补足语。

We consider him a good teacher.
我们认为他是一位好老师。

指出下列句子中加黑名词短语在句中所作的句子成分，并注意其组成。

①These ideas may seem strange to you.作主语
②We love our great motherland very much.作宾语
③The man wearing a black coat is our teacher.作表语
④Those beautiful flowers come from Yunnan.作主语
⑤We made him capital of our team.作宾补
⑥He got three gold medals at the 23rd Olympic Games.作宾语
⑦The tall building was built last year.作主语
〖名师点津〗
(1)名词短语在句中作名词用，一般用作主语、宾语、表语、宾语补足语等。

(2)名词短语由“(限定词)＋(数词、形容词、形容词短语、描述性名词)＋名词＋(介词短语)”组成。

(3)限定词包括冠词(a，an，the)、指示代词(this，that，these，those等)、形容词性物主代词(my，your，his，her，our，their，its等)和不定代词(some，no，neither，both等)。

二、形容词短语(Adjective Phrase或AdjP)
1．形容词短语的定义：是指由几个形容词或形容词及其修饰语构成的短语。

2．形容词短语的组成
(1)两个或多个形容词由and, but等连接构成形容词短语。

Your room is large and beautiful.你的房间大且美丽。

(2)very等程度副词作修饰语，可与形容词构成形容词短语。

It is very hot today.今天很热。

(3)介词及其宾语可用在形容词后修饰形容词，可与形容词构成形容词短语。

I am sure of success.我确信会成功的。

(4)不定式在形容词后作修饰语，可与形容词构成形容词短语。

He is sure to come.他一定会来的。

写出下面句中的形容词短语
①He is young but clever.young__but__clever
②The room was very dirty.very__dirty
③The road is long enough.long__enough
④The bottle is full of water.full__of__water
⑤She is a girl lively and lovely.lively__and__lovely
3．形容词短语的句法功能
(1)形容词短语作表语
The bridge is long and wide.这座桥又长又宽。

(2)形容词短语作宾语补足语
I think your answer correct and proper.
我认为你的〖答案〗正确且恰当。

(3)形容词短语可用在名词的前面或后面作定语。

We have a small but beautiful room.
我们有一个漂亮的小房间。

He is a worker worthy of praise.
他是一个值得表扬的工人。

指出下列句子中加黑形容词短语在句中所作的句子成分，并注意其
组成。

①The air today is nice and clean.作表语
②He found the film very interesting.作宾语补足语
③This is a subject worthy of careful study.作定语
④Our English teacher is very nice and patient.作表语
⑤I found it very hard to get along with foreigners.作宾语补足语
〖名师点津〗
(1)形容词短语在句中作形容词用，可以修饰名词或代词，作定语、表语、宾语补足语等。

(2)形容词短语由“(副词)＋形容词＋(介词短语)”组成。

三、副词短语(Adverb Phrase或AdvP)
1．副词短语的定义：是指由几个副词或副词及其修饰语构成的短语。

2．副词短语的组成
(1)两个或多个副词可以由and, but等连接构成副词短语。

I tried again and again.我试了一遍又一遍。

(2)very, extremely等程度副词作修饰语，可与其他副词构成副词短语。

He runs extremely fast.他跑得快极了。

(3)介词及其宾语可用在副词后修饰副词，可与副词构成副词短语。

He went on studying deep into the night yesterday.
昨天他一直学习到深夜。

写出下面句中的副词短语
①She types quickly and correctly.quickly__and__correctly
②He can finish that much quicker.much__quicker
③The teacher speaks clearly enough.clearly__enough
3．副词短语的句法功能：副词短语在句中主要用作状语，修饰动词、形容词或副词。

I warned him again and again.
我一再警告他。

(副词短语again and again修饰warned)
Don’t talk so loudly.
别大声喧哗。

(副词短语so loudly修饰talk)
指出下列句子中加黑副词短语在句中所作的句子成分，并注意其组成。

①He ran very quickly yesterday.修饰动词作状语
②I am much too pleased to see you.修饰形容词作状语
③She plays well enough as a beginner.修饰动词作状语
④He worked much more carefully on the new design.修饰副词作状语
〖名师点津〗
(1)副词短语在句中作副词用，可以修饰动词、形容词或副词，作状语等。

(2)副词短语由“(副词)＋副词”组成。

Ⅰ.根据括号内的提示标出句中的短语
1．There are some__great__clubs__in our__school．(名词短语)
2．No words are strong__enough__ to express our thanks for your help.(形容词短语) 3．My__campus is the__most__unforgettable__place in my__whole__life．(名词短语)
4．I play ping－pong quite__well,__but I haven’t had time to play since the new year.(副词短语)
5．You should do things much__more__carefully．(副词短语)
6．To live an__enjoyable__and__meaningful__life，let’s read more__good__books! (名词短语)
7．As long as there is kindness and virtue，the world will become more__beautiful．(形容词短语)
8．I’m more__than__pleased to know that you are learning Chinese.(形容词短语) 9．Only in this way can we live more__happily．(副词短语)
10．The__tallest__boy in our class is Li Lei.(名词短语)
Ⅱ.写出下列句中加黑部分所作的句子成分
1．I thought Susan nice and friendly the first time I met her.作宾语补足语
2．My favorite hobbies are reading books and newspapers.作主语
3．Let’s do sports together and enjoy a healthy life！作宾语
4．Many students took part in the English competition last week.作主语
5．Tom carefully wrote some letters to his friends.__作宾语
6．I’d like to go to a coffee shop this weekend.作宾语
7．Surprisingly, he refused our offer.作状语
8．He looked very worried.作表语
9．Corn is a useful plant that can be eaten by both people and animals.作表语10．John, an old friend of mine, comes from America.作同位语
Ⅲ.语法与写作
1．I am__very__interested__in Chinese culture.
我对中国文化很感兴趣。

2．We will try to __make__our__country__more__beautiful．
我们将努力使我们的国家更美丽。

3．I won the__first__prize__in the Chinese speech contest.
我在语文演讲比赛中得了第一名。

4．I have no money to buy such__an__expensive__gift for her.
我没有钱给她买这么贵的礼物。

5．It sounds like a__good__idea．听起来是个好主意。

6．She is so__clever__that we all like her.
她很聪明，我们都喜欢她。

7．I think our city should develop__healthily，so that we could __have__a__better__hometown__in the future.
我认为城市应该健康发展，这样我们将来才能有一个更好的家乡。

8．Guangzhou is a__beautiful__place__for people to live in.
广州是一个美丽的地方，适合人们居住。

Ⅳ.语法填空
The girl suffered 1.____________ (lonely), as it was the first time that she 2.____________ (settle) down in such an entirely strange place, where she was
ignored by everyone.She wondered if she had got to join some clubs 3.____________ (try) to get along well 4.____________ her new partners.While 5.____________ (think), the girl calmed down and set down a series of 6.____________ (activity), in which she could talk face to face with others.Thus, the girl thought she would no 7.____________ (long) get tired of the new life, believing that she would fall in love with 8.____________ city and people here, from which she could recover st, the girl found it was her own change 9.____________ made her not concerned about the trouble.So she felt 10.____________ (her) powerful.
〖语篇解读〗本文叙述了一位女孩在陌生环境通过参加俱乐部交友，使自己摆脱孤独的困境后成长起来的故事。

1．loneliness〖考查词性变换。

作suffer的宾语，应该用名词形式。

〗
2．had settled〖考查动词时态。

It was the first time that...结构，其从句用过去完成时。

〗
3．to try〖考查不定式。

不定式作状语，表示目的。

〗
4．with〖考查介词。

get along well with...意为“与……相处得好”。

〗5．thinking〖考查分词。

“while＋分词”为省略结构，此处与省略的主语the girl 有主动关系。

故用现在分词形式。

〗
6．activities〖考查名词。

a series of...意为“一系列……”，名词用复数形式。

〗7．longer〖考查固定短语。

no longer＝not...any longer意为“不再……”。

〗8．the/this〖考查限定词。

设空处表示“这个……”，修饰或限定city。

故用定冠词the或指示代词this。

〗
9．that〖考查强调句。

本句是对句子主语进行强调的强调句，故用that。

〗10．herself〖考查反身代词。

根据本句主语she可知，设空处用反身代词作宾语。

〗。