八年级英语(下)第一轮复习unit 1-4鲁教版知识精讲

八年级英语（下）第一轮复习Unit 1-4鲁教版【本讲教育信息】
一、教学内容：
第一轮复习八年级（下）Unit 1-4
（一）重点短语
（二）重点句型
（三）语法要点
二、知识总结与归纳
（一）重点短语
1. have a good time
2. on board
3. end up
4. three quarters
5. the population of
6. in the dark
7. wake up
8. all year round
9. read aloud
10.practice pronunciation
11.feel differently
12. speak quickly
13. get excited
14. not at all
15. keep an English notebook
16.spoken English
17.make mistakes
ter on
19.it doesn’t matter
20.be afraid to do sth.
21. laugh at
22. make complete sentences
23. the secret of doing sth.
24. take notes
25. at this term
26. be impressed
27. have trouble doing sth.
28. talk fast
29. look up… in a dictionary
30. make up conversations
31.deal with
32. be unfair
33. solve a problem
34. regard… as…
35. it’s our duty to do sth.
36. with the help of
37. be angry with
38. go by
39. try one’s best
40.break off
41. used to do sth.
42. be interested in
43. be terrified of
44. go to sleep
45. with the light on
46. a fifteen-year-old boy
47.can’t afford to do sth.
48. cause problems for himself
49. be patient
50. in the end
51. make a decision
52. head teacher
53. it’s necessary for sb. to do sth.
54. to one’s surprise
55. even though
56. no longer
57. take pride in…
58. pay attention to
59. give up doing sth.
60. waste one’s time
61. not any more
62. sixteen-year-olds
63. driver’s license
64. instead of
65. stay up
66. concentrate on
67. at present
68. a great experience
69. old people’s home
70. be sleepy
71. reply to…
72. obey the rules
73. in the way
74. achieve one’s dreams
75. the importance of doing sth.
76. care about
（二）重点句型
1. A: Have you ever been to a water park? B: No. I haven’t. A: Me neither.
Me neither. 意为“我也没……”，是省略句型，相当于Neither have I.
例如：
—I don’t know where to go at this weekend. 我不知道这个周末去哪儿。

—Me neither. 我也不知道。

2. Have you ever heard of a Disney Cruise?
hear of意为“听说”，表示听到有关某人或某事的消息或情况，后面可接名词、代词等。

hear from“收到某人的来信”。

如：
He has never heard of that place. 他从来没有听说过那个地方。

Have you heard from your sister? 你收到你姐姐的来信了吗？
3. It was because I could speak English that I got the job.
“It is + 被强调部分+ that / who + 其他。

”此结构是一个强调句型，本句被强调部分是原因状语。

该句型可以强调主语、宾语、状语等。

句子中的that / who不能用其他词代替，在口语中可以省略。

如：
It was a book that he bought yesterday. 昨天他买的是一本书。

（强调“book”）
It was he who bought a book yesterday. 是他昨天买了一本书。

（强调“he”）
Self Check & Reading
4. On the one hand, more than three quarters of the population are Chinese. 一方面，超过四分之三的人是中国人。

three quarters “四分之三”，表示“四分之一”为“a quarter”。

英语中分数的表达法为：用基数词作分子，序数词作分母；当分子大于一时，分母要加-s。

如：1/3读作one / a third，2/3读作two thirds，3/5读作three fifths。

5. … you won’t have any problem finding rice, noodles, or dumplings. 你会毫不费劲地找到米饭、面条或饺子。

have problems doing sth.意为“做某事有困难”。

如：
I have some problems finishing this work. 我完成这项工作有些困难。

Did your team have any problems winning the match? 你们队赢这场比赛有什么问题吗？
6. How do you study for tests ? 你是怎样准备考试的？
Well , I study by working with my classmates. 哦，我和同学们一起学习。

by 介词, 表示通过……方法或途径的意思, 译成“靠, 通过”, 后面可加名词或名词短语。

e.g. 1) The house was destroyed by fire. 房屋被火烧毁了。

2) travel by air /land/sea 航空（陆路，航海）旅行
3) go by train /boat/ bus 乘火车（船，公共汽车）去
4) shake sb. by the hand 和某人握手
5) I study English by watching English movies. 我通过看英文电影学英语。

7. First of all , it wasn’t easy for me to understand the teacher.
首先，对我而言，听懂老师的话并不容易。

first of all 首先
It is (was) …for sb. to do sth.
在这个句型中，不定式作真正的主语，it是形式主语。

8. I’m terrified of the dark.
be terrified of害怕……，是一个“be + 形容词+ 介词”结构的短语，与be afraid of同义，后接名词、代词、v.-ing形式作宾语。

如：
The boy is terrified of telling the truth.
常用的“be + 形容词+ 介词”结构的短语有：
be interested in 对……感兴趣；be good at 擅长；be angry with sb. 生某人的气；be angry at sth.因某事生气；be surprised at 对……感到吃惊；be proud of 为……感到自豪；be friendly to 对……友好
(1) 改为同义句：
The girl is afraid of crossing such a busy road.
The girl ________ ________ ________ crossing such a busy road.
(2) 翻译填空：我对爸爸正制作的东西感兴趣。

I ________ ________ ________ what Dad is making.
9. My life has changed a lot in the last few years.
in the last few years相当于in the past few years，表示“在过去的几年里”，常与现在完成时连用。

如：In the last few years, our city has built many buildings.
(1) 动词填空：
My little brother ________ (make) great progress in his English in the past months.
(2) 翻译句子：
在过去五年里我们的城市发生了很大变化。

__________________________
10. It seems that Yu Mei has changed a lot.
seem用作连系动词，意思是“好像；似乎；看起来”，其后可接形容词、动词不定式或用于句型：It seems + that从句。

如：
Mom seems quite happy today.
Lucy seemed to laugh at us.
改为同义句：
It seemed that Tina was late for the train.
Tina seemed ________ ________ late for the train.
11. Martin called his mother, but to his surprise, this phone call changed his life.
surprise在这里是名词，to one’s surprise意为“令某人惊奇的是……”，多用在句首作状语，为了加强语气或加深程度可以说much to one’s surprise或to one’s great surprise。

如：To my great surprise, he finished the task only in a few days.
(1) 和名词surprise构成短语的还有in surprise，意为“吃惊地”，在句中作状语，相当于surprisedly，修饰动词。

如：
Bill looked at me in surprise.
(2) to one’s surprise中的surprise可以换成其它表示情感的名词，以表达不同的意思。

如：
To her great joy, she found her daughter was getting to be interested in playing the piano.
翻译填空：
(1) 使我们大为振奋的是，他最终成功了。

________ ________ ________ ________, he succeeded at last.
(2) 当我走进教室时，学生们都吃惊地看着我。

The students all looked at me ________ ________ when I entered the classroom.
12. She also told me that even though my father was no longer with us, he was watching me and would always take pride in everything good I do.
(1) even though是连词，相当于although或though，意思是“尽管；即使；纵然”，用于引导让步状语从句。

若主句是一般将来时，从句要用一般现在时表示将来。

如：He won’t tell me about it even though (=even if) he knows the news.
(2) no longer可以用not ... any longer替换，用于表示时间或距离“不再（延续）”。

如：
You are no longer a child. (=You aren’t a child any longer.)
(3) I do是定语从句修饰前面的先行词everything，关系代词that省略了。

①翻译填空：
_________________ (即使下雨), I will go to school.
②改为同义句：
In the USA, usually children above 18 no longer live with their parents.
In the USA, usually children above 18_______ live with their parents ______ ________. 13. Anna wants to get her ears pierced.
get her ears pierced意为“让别人给她扎耳朵眼”。

“get / have + n. / pron. + 动词的过去分词”，意为“请别人做某事”或“使某事完成”。

如：
Could you help me get the flowers watered?
翻译填空：去理发吧。

Go and _______ your hair _______.
14. I don’t think sixteen-year-olds should be allowed to drive.
(1) “I don’t think + (that)从句”，从形式上看don’t否定的是主句的谓语动词think，但意义上否定的却是从句的谓语动词。

英语中，这种现象叫作“否定转移”。

如：
I don’t think she will come today.
(2) sixteen-year-olds是一个合成名词，意为“十六岁的孩子们”。

这类用连字符连接的合成名词变为复数时，通常把最后一个词变成复数即可。

如：grown-up→grown-ups成年人改为否定句：
Li Jie thinks Miss Yang is on holiday at present.
Li Jie _______ _______ Miss Yang _______ on holiday at present.
用连字符连接的合成名词变复数时，通常将具有主要意义的词变为复数。

如：
looker-on→lookers-on旁观者
由man, woman等构成的复合名词变复数时，通常两个词均变为复数。

如：
woman teacher→women teachers 女教师
man singer→men singers男歌手
15. —We have a lot of rules at my house.
—So do we.
“So do we.”是倒装句，其结构是“so + 系动词/ 助动词/ 情态动词+ 主语”，表示前者的情况同样适用于后者，时态应和上一句保持一致，前后两个句子的主语指不同的人或物。

如：
I like learning English, and so does my sister.
You can drive. So can Jack.
改为同义句：
You have a lot of beautiful stamps. I also have lots of beautiful stamps.
You have a lot of beautiful stamps. _______ _______ I.
［注意］(1) 如果前面的句子是否定句，则要将so改为neither或nor。

如：
If you don’t go to the park, neither / nor will I. (如果你不去公园的话，我也不去。

)
(2)“so + 主语+ 系动词/ 助动词/ 情态动词”，表示对前面所述情况作进一步肯定，
意为“确实如此”，前后两个句子说明同一个人或物。

—Maria is a warm-hearted girl.
—So she is. (她确实是。

)
16. Our teachers believe that if we did that, we would concentrate more on our clothes than our studies.
本句that引导的宾语从句用的是虚拟语气。

如果说话人把所表达的行为或状态看作是一种假想，而不是客观事实时，就用虚拟语气。

体现在时态上是：if引导的条件状语从句用过去时（系动词一般用were），主句用would / could / should + 动词原形。

如：What would you do if you had a million dollars?（见Unit 4）
用动词的适当形式填空：
If I _______(be) you, I _______(stop) wearing that silly earring.
17. That would be a good way to keep both teachers and students happy.
(1) a good way to do sth. 意为“做……的好方法”，动词不定式作定语修饰way。

如：
The best way to deal with our problems is to face them.
(2) keep意思是“使……保持某种状态”，后接形容词happy作宾语补足语，还可以接介词短语、副词、v.-ing形式、过去分词作宾语补足语。

如：
The two students keep their hands behind their backs.
Sorry to have kept you waiting for such a long time.
翻译填空：
你能找到解决这个难题的办法吗？
Can you find a _______ _______ _______ the difficult problem?
改错：
It’s hot here. Let’s keep the window opened. __________
18. Being a professional runner is the only thing I have ever wanted to do.
(1) 这是一个含有定语从句的复合句。

I have ever wanted to do为定语从句，修饰前面的名词the only thing。

(2) v.-ing短语being a professional runner作主语，后面的谓语动词用单数。

如：
Eating too much candy is bad for your health.
用动词的适当形式填空：
Working as a reporter _______ (be) my dream.
19. Only then will I have a chance of achieving my dream.
这是一个部分倒装句。

当“only + 状语”位于句首表示强调时，其后的句子应使用部分倒装语序，也就是将助动词置于主语前。

如：
Only by working hard can one succeed.
翻译填空：
只有通过这种方式，你的英语口语才会提高。

Only in this way ______ ______ ______ your spoken English.
（三）语法要点：现在完成时态易混点
1. for和since 的区别
for“计、达”，后面接时间段；since“自从……以来”，后面接时间点。

如：
We have studied here for two years.
We have studied here since two years ago.
我们在这儿学习两年了。

2. have / has been to 与have / has gone to的区别
have / has been to“去过某地”，表示现在不在那儿了；have / has gone to“去了某地”，表示现在不在这儿。

如：
Harvey has been to America twice. 哈维去过美国两次。

（哈维以前去过美国两次，而现在不一定在美国）
Harvey has gone to America. 哈维去了美国。

（哈维现在在美国）
3. 延续性动词与非延续性动词的区别
延续性动词的动作能持续一段时间，常与表示一段时间的状语连用；非延续性动词的动作持续时间很短，瞬间结束，不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。

如：
Nick has left Beijing. 尼克离开北京了。

Nick has been away from Beijing for an hour. 尼克离开北京一个小时了。

易混的非延续性动词与延续性动词对照：
buy—have come—be here leave—be away
open—be open borrow—keep die—be dead
return—be back become—be join—be a member of
4. 现在完成时与一般过去时的区别
现在完成时强调现在的情况如何，即过去的动作对现在的影响；一般过去时只强调过去怎样，不强调现在怎样。

如：
I has bought a kite. 我买了一个风筝。

（表示现在风筝还在）
I bought a kite ten years ago. 十年前我买了一个风筝。

（判断不出现在风筝是否存在）
【典型例题】
根据下列问题提示写一篇短文，介绍一下你的英语学习情况和未来的学习计划。

词数80左右。

提示：
1. When did you begin to learn English?
How long have you been studying English?
2. Did you like English in the beginning? And now?
3. What do you do to improve your English?
［参考例文］
I have studied English for five years. In the beginning I thought English was very easy to learn. Later on, I found it not easy to learn English very well. But I’m stil l interested in English.
I used to dislike learning English by listening to tapes, but now I often practice listening. Sometimes I see some easy English movies and enjoy English pop songs. To improve my English, I begin to read some magazines and newspapers in English. I will make some foreign friends to speak English with. I believe I will learn English well.
【模拟试题】（答题时间：20分钟）
* 一、选择填空
1. —Aquarium is an interesting place. —Have you ________ there?
A. been
B. gone
C. been to
D. gone to
2. —What is the most wonderful place ________?
—Disneyland.
A. relax
B. relaxing
C. to relax
D. to relaxing
3. They drove along different streets, but they ________ the same place.
A. end up with
B. ended up in
C. end up
D. ended up to
4. —_________ has Tony run the marathon?
—Three times.
A. How far
B. How soon
C. How many times
D. How long
5. —How long _______ you ________ a doctor? —Three years.
A. have; been
B. have; become
C. did; be
D. are; /
6. Ma Wei likes to memorize new words _______reading them aloud again and again.
A. with
B. by
C. on
D. at
7. —Do you know the woman called Yu Dan?
—Yes. She is regarded _______ one of the best speakers in our country.
A. with
B. like
C. as
D. for
8. The coffee is _______ hot _______ drink.
A. too; to
B. enough; to
C. too; not to
D. so; that
9. Most young people find _______ exciting to watch a football match.
A. one
B. this
C. that
D. it
10. I won’t take part in the party _______ Joe invites me.
A. if
B. when
C. unless
D. because
11. My _______ sister will go to school this September.
A. five year old
B. five-years-old
C. five years’ old
D. five-year-old
12. Tom _______ up early. But now he gets up very late.
A. is used to get
B. used to get
C. was used to get
D. is used to getting
13. On summer nights, I often go to sleep _______ the windows open.
A. in
B. with
C. have
D. let
14. The tall boy _______ our basketball team is my elder brother.
A. with
B. of
C. on
D. to
15. Our school has changed a lot. It looks _______ than before.
A. more many beautiful
B. more much beautiful
C. many more beautiful
D. much more beautiful
16. Your motorbi ke can’t__________ there.
A. be put
B. is put
C. be putted
D. putted
17. Young trees should be .
A. taken good care
B. take good care of
C. looking after well
D. well looked after
18. Bill has finished his homework. .
A. So does Mary
B. So is Mary
C. So has Mary
D. So Mary has
19. Tom worked for a long time. So he wanted stop .
A. to have a rest
B. have a rest
C. having a rest
D. has a rest
20. Our English teacher is very strict us and he is strict __ his teaching.
A. with; at
B. with; with
C. at; at
D. with; in
二、根据括号中的提示写出单词。

1. —Have you s _________ (see) my bike? —Yes. I saw it behind the classroom.
2. Our foreign teacher is an __________ (India). He said it was very hot in India.
3. Qian Xuesen is one of ___________ (excellent) scientists.
4. Taking care of _____________ (环境) is taking care of ourselves.
5. Noise is unpleasant, _____________ (尤其) when you are trying to sleep.
6. The __________(死亡) of her mother has a great influence on her.
7. It is __________(必要的) for us to get ready for the coming art festival.
8. Jimmy’s behavior is __________(造成) his parents a lot of problems.
9. Don’t __________(浪费) anything, especially time.
10. Miss Yu loves children, and she’s very __________(有耐心的) with young children.
11. After lunch, I was beginning to feel amazingly _________(sleep).
12. Both of my brothers lost their driving _________(license) a year ago for drink-driving.
13. Molly __________(teach) English when she was in China in the 1990s.
14. Our teacher often tells us the __________(important) of learning English well.
15. We have already ________(succeed) in working out rules with the professional engineers.
三、根据中文提示完成英语句子。

每空一词。

1. 不允许任何人将报纸带出阅览室。

No one ________ ________ ________ ________ take newspapers out of the reading-room.
2. 我认为应该给高中生零用钱。

I think high school students ________ ________ ________ pocket money.
3. 不必每天给这种花浇水。

This kind of flower ________ ________ ________ every day.
4. 我认为可以允许大学生们有业余工作。

I think college students ________ ________ ________ ________ have part-time jobs.
5. 不应该放弃这项工作。

This work _______ _______ _______ _______.
【试题答案】
一、
1~5 BCBCA 6~10 BCADC 11~15 DBBCD 16~20 ADCAD
二、
1. seen
2. Indian
3. the most excellent
4. environment
5. especially
6. death
7. necessary
8. causing
9. waste 10. patient 11. sleepy 12. licenses 13. taught 14. importance 15. succeeded
三、
1. can be allowed to
2. should be given
3. needn’t be watered
4. should be allowed to
5. shouldn’t be given up。