中考英语语法专题复习10. 专题十 辨清动宾侃语态

中考英语语法专题复习10. 专题十辨清动宾侃语态
专题十辨清动宾侃语态
提分关键
1.掌握被动语态的结构
一般现在时态：is/ am/ are+ 过去分词
一般过去时态：was/ were+ 过去分词
一般将来时态： will be +过去分词
情态动词: 情态动词+be + 过去分词
2.辨清主动表被动
1）feel; look; sound; smell; taste等系动词的主动语态表示被动含义。

The dishes smell so delicious.
2) 有些动词，如sell; cut; drive; wash; clean; write; open; lock等；作为不及物动词时，可以用主动语态表示被动含义。

Books of Harry Potter sell well.
The coat washes well.
The door pens well.
3.勿忘不定式符号
主动句中感官动词see/ hear/ watch/ feel 等和使役动词make/ let/ have 等后跟省略to 的动词不定式。

变为被动式时，应加上不定式符号to.
We saw an alien get out of the UFO.
An alien was seen to get out of the UFO.
真题回访
1.---What languages __________ in that country、
--- German and English.
A. are speaking
B. are spoken
C. speak
D. is spoken
2. Flowers __________along the road last year.
A. plant
B. planted
C. are planted
D. were planted
3. ---How many Chinese astronauts(宇航员) ___________ into space since 2003?
--- Twelve, including two women.
A. were sent
B. sent
C. have been sent
D. have sent
4. ---A new park__________ in our hometown next year.
---Really? Our hometown must be more beautiful.
A. will build
B. will be built
C. is built
5. The song reminds me of my old school days as soon as it _____________.
A. is played
B. plays
C. will be played
D. will play
6. ---Have you finished your project?
--- Not yet. I’ll finish it if I ___________ ten more minutes.
A. give
B. am given
C. will give
D. will be given
7. “Should a teenager________ to get a driving license(驾照)?” “First go to a training centre.”
A. be allow
B. allow
C. be allowed
D. allowed
8. Thanks to the Internet, different kinds of information _______ in a short time.
A. can be learned
B. has been learned
C. can learn
D. has learned
9. –It’s difficult to get to the other side of the river.
--I think a bridge __________over the river.
A. should be built
B. should build
C. will build
D. has built
10. –How often do I need to feed the dog?
-- It _______ food every day, or it will be hungry.
A. must give
B. must be give
C. must be given
D. must be gave
11. ---George was heard _______ just now. What happened?
--- Peppa was telling a joke.
A. to cry
B. cry
C. to laugh
D. laugh
12. If you see the cartoon film, you will _______ laugh.
A. be made
B. be made to
C. make to
D. make
13. ---Nobody likes _________, so we should be kind to everyone.
--- I agree with you.
A. to laugh
B. laughing at
C. to be laughed at
D. to be laughing at
14. –Why are you so excited today?
---We were told __________ a picnic this weekend.
A. have
B. to have
C. having
D. had
中考命题大预测
1.Many trees ________in spring every year.
A. plant
B. are planting
C. are planted
D. were planted
2. They _________ to help the farmers with the harvest last autumn.
A. asked
B. asking
C. were asked
D. to ask
3. -----Have you moved into the new flat?
---- Not yet. The room___________.
A. has been painted
B. is painted
C. paints
D. is being painted
4. Sixteen-year-olds should not ___________.
A. allow to smoke
B. be allowed to smoke
C. allow to smoking
D. be allowed smoking
5. Mary ________ some songs in her room this morning.
A. heard sing
B. heard to sing
C. was heard sing
D. was heard to sing
6. The dirty clothes ________by his mother now.
A. are being washed
B. are washing
C. were washed
D. are washed
7. His car__________ tomorrow.
A. will be repaired
B. is repaired
C. is being repaired
D. has been repaired
8. Middle school students ____________ not to smoke.
A. always tell
B. are told always
C. tell always
D. are always told 参考答案
真题回访
1-5 BDCBA 6-10 BCAAC 11-14 CBCB
中考命题大预测
1-5 CCDBD 6-8 AAD
二、英语书面表达专项训练
2．(B)根据要求完成大作文,词数:80-100
体育运动是中学生的共同爱好.请根据下面提示写一篇题为What We Get from Sports 的短文,应该包含以下要点:
1,学生参加体育运动的兴趣不同,理由各异.
2.多数学生学习疲倦时,通过运动来放松自己.
3.男孩参加各项体育运动,希望运动能使自己更强壮.
4.女孩也喜欢运动，希望运动使自己减肥和保持健康,苗条.
5.你对运动的观点.
6.注意:文中不得出现自己的名字和学校的名字
7.短文开头已给出,不计入词数.
8.参考词语:keep slim (保持苗条)
What We Get from Sports
Students in our school have one thing in common an interest in
sports._________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________
【答案】Students in our school have one thing in common an interest in sports. But different students have different reasons for taking part in sports.
Many students have sports when they feel tired after study. They just want to relax themselves and have fun. Most boys love sports. They take part in all kinds of sports in order to become stronger. They join in the sports that interest them most, such as soccer, basketball and volleyball. As for girls, they want to lose weight. They want to keep slim, so they also like taking exercise.
In my opinion, no matter what reasons we have, we all can get a lot from sports.
【解析】
【详解】
本篇写作主要是谈论自己对运动的观点和看法，应该用一般现在时态，写作要点要包括：1.提出目前学生对运动的不同看法及原因。

2.具体分析（多数学生的观点、男生的观点、女生的观点）。

3.提出自己对运动的观点。

亮点说明：这是一篇优秀的作文，很好地完成了试题规定的任务，语言表达符合英语习惯，准确运用时态，主谓一致，在文中使用了时间状语从句，定语从句，特别使用一些亮点词句，如have fun，in order to，as for，in my opinion等。

增强逻辑关系，增加上下文意思连贯，句子通顺，行文连贯。

3．假如你是李明，5月18日星期六这一天，你与几位同班同学一起参观了水上公园
(Water Park)。

请根据下面的内容提示，写一篇日记。

(1)乘.坐大巴约一小时后到达目的地，游客多；
(2)上午划船，下午看了许多动物，例如…：
(3)碰到几位外国朋友并与他们交谈：
(4)看到了乱扔垃圾、插队等不良现象：
(5)你的感想…
参考词汇：.插队cut in line
要求：
(1)词数：80〜100个。

(2)短文的开头己给出，不计入总词数
(3)要点齐全，行文连贯，可适当发挥•
May 18, Saturday Fine Today I visited Water Park with several of my
classmates.______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________
【答案】May 18, Saturday Fine
Today I visited Water Park with several of mv classmates. It took us about an hour to get there by bus. When we arrived, there were a lot of visitors.
In the morning, we went boating and enjoyed ourselves. We saw many animals, such as pandas, giraffes and monkeys in the afternoon. They are so lovely. We met some foreign guests and talked with them happily. However, during our visit we saw some people throwing rubbish and cutting
in line.
In my opinion, it is our duty to protect the environment and follow the rules in public. And I hope changes will take place in the future.
【解析】
【详解】
这是一篇给材料作文，要求写参观日记。

动笔前应根据材料内容组织语言，列出简单提
纲，确定句子的时态和关键单词等问题。

为了使语言更显亲切，在写作时主语用第一人
称，时态以一般过去时为主。

同时注意时间状语与时态的搭配及主谓一致问题，适当使用
连词，注意标点符号及大小写等问题，不要犯语法错误，做到语意连贯。

【点睛】
此类作文首先要做的就是认真阅读题目要求，结合所给材料确定内容，不能跑题偏题。

写作中注意一些基础的写作常识，不犯低级错误。

只要平时积累足够，就一定能获得满意的分数。

另外为了应对考试，可以有选择的背诵一些范文，这样应考时就会有法可依。

4．“inspire” 一词的汉语解释是“激励；鼓舞；赋予灵感；或启发思考”等。

请以“The person who inspired me”为题写一篇不少于 80 词的短文，向校报的英语园地投稿。

要点： 1. What kind of person is he/ she？
2. How did he/ she inspire you？
要求： 1. 文中不得出现真实的姓名和校名。

2. 语言流畅，字迹清楚。

【答案】The person who inspired me
Many people around gave me deep impressions. They helped me, encouraged me and inspired me. But the person who inspired me most, I think, is my friend Wang Peng.
Wang Peng is a small thin boy with two big black eyes. He doesn't talk too much, but always keeps a smile on his face. He is warm-hearted and ready to help others. If I need any help for my math exercises, he is always the one that can help me out. As a good student, he studies very hard. In the early morning, you can see him stand near a tree and read English intensively. Few students can arrive at school as early as he is. He also does well in many sports, such as badminton and ping-pang. He got the first prize in last year's ping-pang competition.
You can see the good personality and the spirit of persistence in this small body. He is my idol and I wish I could be a student as good as he is.
【解析】
【详解】
这篇作文要求我们以The person who inspired me为题，介绍一个曾经激励过你的人。

题目中用问题的形式给予了提示，审题可知，短文应包括两个部分的内容：首先介绍这个激励过你的人是谁，他是怎样的一个人；然后介绍他是如何激励你的。

学生们可以这两个问题为提纲，发挥想象力，充实细节信息，组织语言，连贯成文。

短文应以一般现在时和一般过去时为主来叙述，人称是第三人称和第一人称，注意谓语动词形式的变化。

写作时应注意：首先要符合题目要求，包括题目中要求的所有信息，不能遗漏要点，可以适当发挥，注意上下文的衔接。

其次应注意英语表达习惯和汉语的不同，不要按照汉语思维逐词翻译。

应该从句子的整体结构入手，写完整的句子。

可以简单句结构为主，辅以并列句、复合句。

为提升文章档次，应使用高级词汇以及复杂结构。

同时语句之间使用恰当的连接成分使文意连贯、自然。

【点睛】
这是一篇优秀的作文，短文作者根据题目要求，介绍了一个曾经激励过自己的人。

短文有以下几个优点：首先文章内容完整，层次清晰，短文分三段，第一段先介绍了这个人是谁，第二段描写了这个人身上的品质以及对自己的应选；最后一段结尾。

各部分内容安排合理，主次分明。

其次短文中使用了正确的人称和时态，文章以第三人称和第一人称为主
来叙述，主要使用了一般现在时和一般过去时，动词形式变化准确，注意了第三人称单数形式以及过去式形式的变化，语法规范。

用词准确，语言得体，句式结构完整，符合英语的表达习惯。

短文中使用了一些较好的句型和短语，如But the person who inspired me most, I think, is my friend Wang Peng.、Wang Peng is a small thin boy with two big black eyes.、He doesn't talk too much, but always keeps a smile on his face.、If I need any help for my math exercises, he is always the one that can help me out.、He also does well in many sports, such as badminton and ping-pang.、He is my idol and I wish I could be a student as good as he is.等等。

5．书面表达
难忘的初中生活即将结束。

你们班计划举行“告别初中生活”的主题班会。

假如你是班长，
根据以下提示，用英语写一则通知。

要点如下：
1. 时间：6月26日下午3:00.
2. 地点:六楼会议室
3. 活动内容：
1）对老师用话语表达谢意；2）与同学交流自己的将来的梦想；3)师生合影，互赠留言等等。

参考词汇：look back at , say goodbye to, express thanks to , talk about, take photos..
备注：词数100左右，通知开头已拟好，不计入总数。

Boys and girls,
The wonderful middle school life will go to the end._______________________
【答案】Boys and girls,
The wonderful middle school life will go to the end. In the past three years, we have studied and stayed together. Looking back at the days we spend together, how sweet we feel. In order to keep the happy times in our hearts for ever, we are going to have a class meeting on the afternoon of June 26 next week. The theme of the class meeting is saying goodbye to our middle school life. It will be held in Conference Room on the Sixth Floor.
We are going to have some meaningful activities. To express thanks to our teachers, we each should say a thankful word to our dear teachers. We can chat freely with our classmates and teachers about our plans of the summer vacation. We can even talk about the dreams of our future. Then, we are going to take some photos with our teachers and classmates. In the end, we may give our wishes to each other.
Don't be late! That's all. Thank you!
【解析】
【详解】
这篇短文使用了大量的固定句式和短语，为文章增色不少，如In order to，look back at，be going to，have a class meeting，say goodbye to，talk about，the dreams of，take some photos，in the end，each other，be late等。

而复杂单句结构In order to keep the happy times in our hearts forever, we are going to have a class meeting on the afternoon of June 26 next week./ To express thanks to our teachers, we each should say a thankful word to our dear teachers.和Then, we are going to take some photos with our teachers and classmates.的运用，
丰富了短文内容，使表达多样化，是本文的亮点。

在学习中注意总结牢记一些固定句式及短语，写作时就可以适当引用，使文章表达更有逻辑性，也更富有条理。

【点睛】
书面表达题既不是汉译英，也不是可任意发挥的作文。

它要求将所规定的材料内容经整理后展开思维，考查运用所学英语知识准确表达意思的能力。

所以，考生不能遗漏要点，要尽量使用自己熟悉的单词、短语和句式，尽可能使用高级词汇和较复杂的句式结构以便得到较高的分数。

6．你有没有因为没能好好管理时间而影响了学习的经历?请你写一篇文章谈谈这件事及你的看法。

内容包括：1.你没完成学习任务的经历（事情，原因及后果）；2.针对如何管理好时间给出几点建议。

作文要求：1.短文须包括所有提示内容，可适当发挥。

2.文中不得出现真实的人名、校名和地名。

3.词数80个左右（开头已给出，不计入总词数）。

Once, I couldn't make good use of time and it had a bad influence on my
study.__________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________
【答案】Once, I couldn't make good use of time and it had a bad influence on my study.
I had an experience like this. Last weekend, my good friend, Jim taught me how to play a kind of computer game. It was interesting. So I spent more time on it. I forgot to do my homework in the end. My teachers and parents were angry with me. I was also upset.
How to make good use of our time? I think we should make a weekday plan. We should write what we are going to do on the paper, mark the deadline of each thing clearly and put the paper up somewhere we can see it easily. It can help us to remember what we have to do next.
【解析】
【详解】
这篇短文使用了大量的固定句式和短语，为文章增色不少，如make good use of，last weekend，how to do，play a game，a kind of，spent more time on，forget to do，in the end，be angry with，be going to do，on the paper，put up等。

而特殊非谓语动词结构Jim taught me how to play a kind of computer game.和I think we should make a weekday plan. /We should write what we are going to do on the paper, mark the deadline of each thing clearly and put the paper up somewhere we can see it easily. /It can help us to remember what we have to
do next.等复杂从句结构的运用，丰富了短文内容，使表达多样化，是本文的亮点。

在学习中注意总结牢记一些固定句式及短语，写作时就可以适当引用，使文章表达更有逻辑性，也更富有条理。

【点睛】
书面表达题既不是汉译英，也不是可任意发挥的作文。

它要求将所规定的材料内容经整理后展开思维，考查运用所学英语知识准确表达意思的能力。

所以，考生不能遗漏要点，要尽量使用自己熟悉的单词、短语和句式，尽可能使用高级词汇和较复杂的句式结构以便得到较高的分数。

7．假如你是李雷，你的英国笔友David发邮件向你咨询如何学好汉语。

请根据提示和要求用英语给David回复邮件。

要求：1.除上图所给提示外，再写出两条如何学好汉语的建议；
2.文中不能出现真实的人名和校名；
3.字数80词左右。

邮件的开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。

Dear David,
I’m glad to receive your email. Here’s some advice on how to le arn Chinese well.
Best wishes.
Yours， Li Lei
【答案】Dear David,
I’m glad to receive your email. Here’s some advice on how to learn Chinese well.
It’s a good idea to watch movies. You’ll f ind it helpful to improve your listening skills. Reading always plays a key role in language learning, so do more reading in your spare time.
In my opinion, you’d better make more Chinese friends. They’ll be glad to lend you a hand and it provides a good c hance for you to learn about Chinese culture. It’s a wise choice to use your cell phone, which allows you to use apps, QQ or WeChat to learn Chinese.
Practice makes perfect, so do remember to keep practicing every day!
Follow the advice, and I’m sure you can learn Chinese well!
Best wishes.
Yours,
Li Lei
【解析】这是一篇提纲作文，让考生给英国笔友David写封回信，就如何才能学好中文给出建议。

这需要我们发挥英语思维，将提供的信息用英语完整流畅的表达出来。

写作需要用第二人称，时态主要是一般现在时，内容要点包括：观看中文电影；阅读；另外至少再
写出两条建议，可自由发挥，如：学唱中文歌曲，交中国朋友，利用手机，应用程序，QQ 或微信来学习中文等等。

建议信要写出写信的原因、建议的内容及提出建议的理由和根据，理由要合情合理，语气一定要缓和，因此建议信要写得简明扼要、目的明确、具有合理性和说服力。

8．英语中有一句谚语：Failure is the mother of success.生活中我们常常会遭遇失败，但只要能正确对待，往往会获得最后的成功。

请就此用英语写一篇短文，主要内容包括：
1．描述亲身经历的一次失败；
2．叙说失败后如何获得成功；
3．谈谈你的感想。

注意：1．词数90左右。

短文的开头已为你写好，不计入总词数；
2．短文须包括所有要点，不要逐词翻译，可适当发挥，使短文连贯、通顺；
3．短文中不得出现真实的人名、校名等相关信息。

Life is full of ups and downs and it is never too easy to achieve success. As the English saying goes, "Failure is the mother of success."
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________【答案】Life is full of ups and downs and it is never too easy to achieve success. As the English saying goes, "Failure is the mother of success."
I was asked to play in a table tennis match last term. Before the match, I was cinfident that I would win. However, I failed . How sad I was! luckily, my PE.teacher helped me out. He told me not to lose heart. He also helped me with my skills. With his help , my confidence returned and I came up with several new ideas. The next day, though I had to play against anther more skilled boy , I beat him!
So don’t be afraid of failure. If we can deal with it well. failure can be the mother of success!
【解析】
【详解】
1. 题干解读：这是一篇提纲式的给材料作文。

要求介绍介绍失败的经历，及从中的收获
和感想。

描述经历用过去时态。

2. 例文点评：这篇短文条理通畅，能将要点表达完整。

句式丰富，能运用连词使文章更
有逻辑同时运用了大量的短语。

3. 高分亮点：
短语和连词的使用：be full of ，ups and downs，too…to…，help out，before，if，lay against，deal with等。

句型：(1) Life is full of ups and downs and it is never too easy to achieve success（2）Failure is
the mother of success.（3）I was asked to play in a table tennis match last term.（4）The next day, though I had to play against anther more skilled boy , I beat him! (5) If we can deal with it well. failure can be the mother of success!
9．书面表达。

因学习压力大，部分中学生的身体健康状况有所下降，这一情况已经引起社会的关注和教育部门的高度重视。

假若你是来自九年级三班的李华，请根据以下内容，用英语写一份不少于80词的倡议书。

建议大家积极多参加体育活动，提高身体素质。

不得出现真实姓名。

要点：1. 锻炼身体的好处： strong， healthy...
2. 锻炼身体的方式： play ball games， running， swimming...
3. 请你谈谈对学校开展体育锻炼的看法和建议。

要求：1. 内容必须包括以上要点，可适当发挥；
2. 开头已给出，不计入总词数；
3. 语句通顺，意思连贯，条理清楚，书写规范；
4. 文中不得出现真实姓名及校名。

Dear schoolmates,
I am Li Hua from Class Three, Grade Nine. Health is very important to us teenagers.
____________________
_______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ Li Hua
【答案】Dear shoolmates,
I am Li Hua from Class Three,Grade Nine. Health is very important to us teenagers. Either study or work is based on a strong body. Doing sports every day h elps us keep healthy. If we don’t take any exercise, we may feel tired and get sick easily. Just as we often say, “Exercise one hour a day keeps illness away. ”
There are many kinds of sports we can do, such as running, swimming and playing ball games. But we have to do too much homework after school, I hope teachers will give us less homework so that we can have more time to take part in sports. I also hope our school can organize more sports activities for us.
In order to build ourselves stronger and st ronger,let’s take active part in all kinds of sports in proper time.
Li Hua
【解析】
【详解】
本文属于话题作文。

讲述锻炼身体的好处、锻炼的方式，并建议大家积极参加体育活动。

根据要表达的内容确定并准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑，可适当增加内容。

亮点说明：这是一篇优秀的作文，很好的完成了试题规定的任务，语言表达符合英语习惯，准确运用时态、主谓一致，特别使用一些亮点词句，如either...or..., be based on, keep healthy, such as, have time to do, take part in, in order to, stronger and stronger以及all kinds of 等，增强逻辑关系，增加上下文意思连贯，用词准确，句子通顺，行文连贯。

【点睛】
写作时可以从以下几个方面做起：
认真审题。

审好题是写好书面表达的关键。

审题时要注意试题的要求，抓住要点，词数符合要求。

构思提纲。

有了提纲，我们就可以根据提纲和主题确定相关的写作材料。

通常书面表达给出的话题是开放的，而具体的内容要求学生自己发挥，因此选择恰当的素材也是使短文中心突出、明确的关键。

初写短文。

一切都准备就绪，就可以动笔写作了，在写作的过程中我们要注意句子的准确性、连贯性以及简洁性。

使用的词语、短语及句型尽量用自己有把握的词。

同时还要注意使用恰当的连词，使句子衔接自然。

修改润色。

修改润色是获取高分的必要步骤。

这一步我们除了检查短文的各种错误外，还要检查语法结构是否合理，有无重复、啰嗦的语言，大小写是否正确，格式是否正确，词数是否符合要求等。