语言与文化讲义PPT

Western country believe： Tact Maxim(得体准则) Neither dishonor others nor lower oneself。
9.5.3 Colour Words
9.5.4 Privacy and taboos
9.5.5 Rounding off numbers



Take care. Get well soon. Wish you feel better soon. Hope a ealy recovery. Get some sleep.

English style
I'd better going now, you must be very tired. Well, I'd better let you have some sleep. Tomorrow, I have to get up early, I must go.

Chairman Jiang General Chen Doctor Wang Principle Jin Manager Liu Mayor Zhang


In Western country, Kinship is super easy.

Because they got uncle, aunt, grandpa, granny, brother&sister or just cousin.
White Black Green Yellow Blue Purple Gray(Grey) Brown Pink
1. green (绿色) green hand 新手 eg.We are green hands, so we must learn from the old workers. 作为新人， 我们一定要向老工人学习。 green 嫉妒 eg. I was absolutely green when I saw his splendid new car. 我看到他那辆漂亮的汽车就非常眼红。 green面带病容 eg. What's wrong with you? You are looking green. 你怎么了？脸色看起来很苍白。

Hi/Hello? How are you? How do you do? How are you getting on? How is everything with you?
etc...
பைடு நூலகம்

The weather is fine today. Lovely day isn't it? It's so cold isn't it? It's extremely windy day, isn't it?
Moon (Chinese Concept)
Moon: any natural satellite of a planet In the way of Chinese's thinking, when talk about moon, we naturally connect it with the mid-autumn festival, mooncake, family reunion, homesickness, sorrow mood, poet and poem, Chang'e(the goddess on the moon), etc.
green fingers 有园艺技能 eg. I know that his father was green fingers. 我知道他爸爸很有园艺技能。 2. （白色） white coffee 加牛奶或奶油的咖啡 eg. I want two white cofees. 我要俩杯加牛奶的咖啡。 white lie 无恶意的谎言 eg. Tom sometimes tells a white lie. 汤姆有时候会撒一些无伤大雅的谎。



Go slow. Walk slowly. save your steps.
How do we name a stranger?
In English-speaking community

In Chinese community


Sir Mr./Mrs. Miss/MS.
I think I'd be better leaving now, it's very nice to talk to you.




Chinese style

慢走，那我就不送了。 我送送你吧。 走好。 小心点，慢点啊。 有空常来玩啊 --（留步） --（回去吧回去，这两步路还送啥啊）


Tongzhi Tongxue Shifu Or directly omit the adress, use “打扰了”， “麻烦您”，“您好” instead.
In China, a person's profession or title can be used directly as address.
Any linguistic sign may simultaneously have a denotative, connotative, or iconic kind of meanings. Language and culture have very close relationship with each other. Language is one part of culture, also as a carrier of culture, plays very important role of the heritage in culture export.
black sheep 败家子， 害群之马 eg. Tom is the black sheep of the family. 汤姆是个败家子。 4.blue （蓝色） once in a blue moon 难得 eg. She visits us once in a blue moon. 她难得来看我们。 blue 有伤风化的，色情的 eg. The blue film was banned by the censor. 那部xx电影被当局禁了。
white elephant 无用而又累赘的东西（尤指 大而昂贵之物） eg. That would be a white elephant to me. 那东西对我来说又贵又没用。 3. black （黑色） a black look 恶狠狠地瞪 eg. He gave me a black look. 他恶狠狠地瞪了我一眼。 in black and white 以书面的形式 eg. I want this agreement in black and white.我要求以书面的形式把这项协议写出来。

Thank you./Thanks.

I„m glad you think so. It's very nice of you to say so. Oh, I'm flattered.

Chinese culture pursure: 夫礼者 ，自卑而尊人。 The essence of “li” is be humility to oneself, but show respect to others.

Eraser&Rubber
When a British man asks an Amercian girl for borrowing her rubber, it must cause a huge mistake. Because in America, people usually take rubber as condom.
blue 忧郁，沮丧 eg. He looks blue today. 他今天看起来很忧郁。 blue blood贵族血统， 名门出身 eg.He is proud of his blue blood. 他为自己的贵族血统骄傲。 5. red（红色） in/into/out of the red 有/没有亏损 eg. The company has been in the red until he took over. 在他接手之前，公司一直都亏损。
normally he will subconsciously says： 没有没有、过奖了过奖了、我哪有那么厉害、不过是运气好、这真 没什么了不起的。 even if he worked so hard to get the achievement.
When a English speaker is commended.
Rose
Rose : is a flower that has pleasant smell and is usually red, pink, white, yellow, etc. On most occasions “rose” means more than a flower, it triggers many associations and mostly good ones as love, fragrance, passion, beauty, and etc.
“Bomb”

In the united states, it means something is a massive failure. Thus, the sentence “The project is a bomb” means „the project is a failure.‟
In Britain, if people says “The project went a bomb”, he means it is a huge success.
7. purple（ 紫色的） purple prose/passage 华丽的文章；雕琢 的章句 8. grey（灰色的） grey阴沉的，昏暗的（形容天空或天气） eg. Tomorrow is a grey day. 明天天气不好
1.黄色 《白虎通译 班固》：黄者，中和之色，自然 之性，万古不易。 黄色书刊，黄色杂志，黄色电影 2. 红色 × 红围帐，红枕头，红盖头 3.白色 白衣， 白丁， 白屋 洁白无瑕，白衣仙子， 白衣天使， 白鹤仙子
However!!!

The extension of Kinship terms is a legendary feature of Chinese culture.
Because thers is one complicated stuff called “bei”.辈


When a Chinese is commended.


Nihao/Ninhao Have you eaten？ Where are you heading for？ What are you doing? Go out to work?/ shop? You've came back?
Chinese
English




Remeber to drink hot water. Eat more fruit/vegetables. Put more clothes on. Go to bed earlier.
see red 大怒，生气 eg. Her criticisms were enough to make anyone see red. 她那些批评任谁都火冒三丈。 catch somebody red-handed 当场发现某人正在 做坏事或犯罪 eg. The policeman caught the thief red-handed. 警察当场抓住了小偷。 6. yellow （黄色的） yellow 胆怯的 eg. He is a yellow person. 他是一个胆小鬼。