现在完成时、过去完成时、现在完成进行时

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(4)如果句子里面没有时间状语,汉语意思能够加“已经”,往往用现在完成时态。

e.g.Have you lost your library book?你已经弄丢了从图书馆借的那本书吗?
(5)现在完成时态还常常用于下列句型
They have planted manytrees in thelast few years. 在过去的几年,他们已经种了很多树。

Thisisthe best book I have ever read. 这是我曾经读过的最好的一本书。

It is the firsttimeI have played the computer games.这是我第一次玩电脑游戏。

五.在现在完成时中,一次性动词不能和一段时间状语连用
e.g. He has bought the book for3years.(错)
因buy这个一次性动词不能和一段时间for 3years连用,改正的办法有五种:
①He hasbought the book.. (去掉一段时间for3 years)
②He boughtthebook 3 yearsago (改为一般过去时,使句子的意思不变)
③It’s 3years sincehe boughtthe book.=3yearshas passed sincehe bought the book.
(改为固定句型 It is ---since---)
④Hehas not boughtthebook for 3 years.(改为否定句)
⑤ He hashad thebook for 3years. (用延续性动词have代替buy)
六.还有其他一次性动词也是这种情况,可参照前面的五种办法改正,前四种改法都一样,第五种改法各不相同,举例如下:
①come/arrive/get to/reach → behere
例:I havecome here for3years.(错)改为:I have been here for 3 years.
②leave/go →be away
例:He has left for 3hours.(错)改为:He hasbeenaway for 3 hours.
③begin/start →be on
例:The film hasbegun for 3 minutes.(错)改为:The film ha sbeenon for 3 minutes.
④open→be open/close→ be closed
例:The shop has opened for3 years.(错) 改为:The shop has b een open for 3years.
⑤die→be dead
例:His father hasdied for 3 years.(错) 改为:Hisfather has been dead for3years.
⑥finish/end→ be over
例:He has finished the work for 3 days.(错)改为:The work ha sbeenover for 3 days
⑦join例:I havejoined the armyfor 3 years.(错)
改为:I havebeen inthearmy for 3 years. 或I have been a soldierfor3years.
⑧buy /catch → have
e.g. I have boughtthe bike for 3years.(错)改为:I have had the bike for 3 years.
e.g.Hehas caught a cold for 3 days.(错)改为:He has had a cold for3days.
⑨borrow → keep
e.g.I have borrowed the book for 3 years. (错)改为:I have kept the book for3years.
还有其它的归纳如下:
break→be broken get up → be up
marry→ bemarried become → be lose → be lost
七.延续性动词和终止性动词
①延续性动词:表示的动作是能延续的动作,这种动作可以延续下去或产生持久的影响。

如:learn work stand lie knowwalk keephave wait watchsing readsleep live
②终止性动词:也叫非延续性动词,瞬间动词,一次性动词。

表示的动作不能延续,即动作发生后立即结束,产生某种结果。

在有了某种结果后,动作就不能再继续下去。

如:leave,start,set out ,arrive,reach ,getto, begin, stop,shut, turn off,marry ,put,put on, get up, wake, fall, join,meet, receive, finish,end,complete ,become, come,go, die,open, close, break, give,jump ,buy, borrow
八. 终止性动词不能和一段时间状语连用。

He has died for threedays. (错,终止性动词die不能和一段时间for th reedays连用)
同步练习:单项选择题
1、Both hisparents look sad. Maybethey _________what's happened to him .
A.knew B. have known C.mustkno w D.will know
2、He has _______ beento Shanghai, has he ?
A. already
B. neve r
C.ever D. still
3、Have you metMr. Li ______?
A. just B.agoC.before D. a moment ago
4、The famous writer _____ one new book in thepasttwoyear .
A. is writing
B. waswritingC. wrote D. haswritten 5、—Our country______ alot so far .
—Yes .Ihope it will be even ______ .
A. has changed ; well B. changed ; good
C. has changed ;bette rD. changed ; better
6、Zhao Lan ______already ______in this school fortwo years .
A.was;studying B. will ; study
C.has ; studied D. are ; studying
7、We ______ Xiao Li since she was a little girl.
A.knowB.hadknown C.have known D.knew
8、Harry Potter is a very nice film .I_______it twice .
A.will see B. have seen C. saw D.see
9、—Thesefarmers havebeento the United State s.
—Really ? When _____ there ?
A. will they go B. did they go
C.dothey go
D. have theygone
10、—______ you ___ your homework yet?
—Yes . I _____ it amoment ago .
A. Did; do ; finished
B. Have ; done ; finished
C. Have; done ; havefinished D. will ; do ; fini sh
知识点②:过去完成时
一.过去完成时结构: had+过去分词。

二.过去完成时的用法:
①过去某一时刻或某一动作之前就已经发生的动作或存在的状态:即过去的过去e.g. Whenwegot tothe station,the train had left. 当我到车
站的时候,火车已经离开了。

By the endof last week,he had learnt 1000 words.
到上个星期尾为止,他已经学了1000个单词。

②过去某时间开始,一直延续到过去另一时间为止的动作或状态
e.g.He saidthat he had made a fewfriendssince hecameto China.
他说自从他来中国,他已经交了几个朋友。

同步练习:单项选择题:
1.He asked me ____ during the summer holidays.
A. where Ihadbeen
B. where I had gone
C. where had
I been D. where had I gone
2. What ____ Jane ____ by the time he was sever?
A. did, do B. has,done C did, did.
D. had,done
3. I ______ 900 Englishwords by the timeI was ten。

A. learned B. was learning C. had learned D. learnt
4.She_____lived here for ______ years.
A.had, a few B. has, several C. had, a lot of
D. has, a great deal of
5. By thetimemy parents reached home yesterday, I ___
_ the dinner already.
A had cooked B. cooked C. have cooked D. was cooked
6. She said she __________ theprinciple already
A .has seen B. saw C. will see
D. had seen
7. She said her family _______ themselves ______ the army
during the war.
A. hashidden, from
B. had hidden, from
C. has
hidden, with D. had hidden, with
8. By the time he wasten years old, he________.
A.has completed university B. has completed the university
C. had completed an university
D. had completed university
9. She had written a number of books _____ theend of last year.
A. for B. in C. by D. at
10. He _____ to play ____ before he was 11 years old.
A had learned, piano B. hadlearned, the piano
C. has learned, the piano
D. learns ,piano.
知识点③:现在完成进行时
一、现在完成进行时的定义
现在完成进行时表示某动作从过去某个时间开始,一直延续到现在,并且还有可
能持续下去。

e.g. Those cats have been screamingfor hours.那些猫叫了半天了。

二、现在完成进行时的结构:have / has been + 现在分词
e.g.I have been waitingfor an hour and ahalf. 我一直等了
一个半小时了。

三、现在完成进行时主要用法
1.表示“持续”:
即表示一个从过去某时开始一直持续的动作,这动作可能刚刚停止,也可能还在进行。

如:
e.g. The childrenhave been having a lotof fun. 孩子们一直玩得
很开心。

e.g. She isvery tired. She’sbeen working all morning. 她很累。

她干了一早晨了。

2. 表示“重复”
即表示在一段持续的时间内动作的多次重复,而这个重复的动作在说话时并不一定在进行。

e.g. We’veallalong been making mistakes like this. 我们一直犯这样的错误。

四、与现在完成进行连用的主要时间状语
现在完成进行时所用的时间状语:allday / month; thismonth/week/year;these days;recently /lately;in the past few + 时间段;since+时间点;for +时间段,等等。

e.g. He has been working all day. 他整天都在工作。

Theyhave beenbuilding the bridgefor two month. 两个月来他们一直在修桥。

Hehas been sleeping forten hours. 他已经睡了十个小时了。

The two partieshave beentrying to unitesincethe NewYear.
自从新年以来,双方就一直在试图联手。

拓展:现在完成进行时与现在完成时的区别
1.现在完成时强调动作的完成,而现在完成进行时强调动作的延续,因此,表示动作的完成,只能用现在完成时,而不能用现在完成进行时。

如:
Hehas changed his idea.他改变了想法。

2. 在表示动作的延续时,虽然既可用现在完成时,也可用现在完成进行时,但现在完成进行时强调动作的进行。

因此在需要明确表示动作还要持续下去时,应用现在完成进行时。

如:
Wehave been studyinghere for twoyears. 我们在这儿已经学
习了两年了。

在许多情况下,现在完成时表示动作已经完成,而现在完成进行时却并非如此。

如:
Hehascleaned the window. 他把窗户擦干净了。

(动作已完成)
He has been cleaning thewindow. 他一直在擦窗户。

(动作不一定完成)4. 有些静态动词只能用于现在完成时,一般不能用于现在完成进行时。

如:
The warhaslastedfor a long time. 这场战争持续了很长时间。

5. 现在完成时与现在完成进行时的相通性:在表达一个从过去开始而现在仍在继续或刚刚结束的动作时,某些动词既可以用现在完成时,也可以用现在完成进行时,如expect,hope,learn,lie,live,look, rain, sleep, sit, snow, stand, stay,study,teach, wait,want, work等。

如:你学习英语多久了?
正:How long haveyon learnt English?
正:Howlonghave you been learningEnglish?
他已经睡了十个小时了。

正:He has slept for ten hours.
正:He has been sleepingfor tenhours.
同步练习:单项选择题
1. — I’m sure Andrewwill winthe first prize inthe final.
—I think so. He ________ for it for months.
A. is preparing
B. was preparingC. had been pre
paring D. has been preparing
2. By the time he realizes he ____ into a trap, it’ll be too late fo r him to do anything about it.
A. walks B. walked C. has walked D. had walked
3.So far this year we _______ a fall in house prices by betw
een 5 and 10 percent.
A. saw
B. see
C. had seen
D. have seen
4. Cathy is taking notes of the grammatical rules in class at Sunshine School, where she_____ English
for a year.
A. studies B. studied C. is studying D. has been studying
5. Danny _________ hard for long to realize his dream an
dnow he is popular.
A. works B.is working C. has worked D. had worked
6.—I have got a headache.
—No wonder. You_________in front of that computerto
o long.
A. work B. are working C. have been working D. worked
7. The unemployment rate in this district_______ fro
m 6% to 5% in the past two years.
A. has fallenB. had fallen C. is fall
ing D. was falling
8. Now thatshe is out of job,Lucy ___ going back to school,
but she hasn’t decided yet.
A. had considered B. has been consideringC. consi
dered D. is going to consider
9.—______ you______ him around the museum yet? (2007江
苏)—Yes. Wehad a great time there.
A. Have shownB. Do show C. Had; shown D. Did; show
10.—Hi, Tracy,you look pale.
—Iam tired. I _______ the living roomall day.
A. painted
B. had painted C. have been paintin
g D. have painted
四、课堂小结(10分钟)
和学生一起回顾本节课所学知识:现在完成时、过去完成时、现在完成进行时的结构、用法及注意事项。

五、作业布置
一.单项选择题。

1.His father ______ the Party since 1978.
A. joined B. has joined C.was in D. h as been in
2.—Do you know him well ?
—Sure .We _________ friends since ten years ago .
A. were
B. have been C.have bec
ome D. have made
3—How longhave you ____ here?
—About twomonths .
A. been B. gone C. come
D.arrived
4. Hurry up! The play __________ for ten minutes .
A. has begun B.ha d begun
C. ha
sbeen on D.began 5.It _____ ten years since he left thea rmy .
A. is B. has C.wil
l D.was
6. What _______ Annie____ bythe timehe wasten?
A. did, do
B. did, did C.has, done
D. had done
7.He ___inthe factoryforthree years before he joined the Army.
A.has worked
B.works
C. had worked
D. willwork
8. By the end of last week, they ____ the bridge.
A. has completed
B. completed
C. will complete
D. had completed
9. Ben hatesplaying _____violin, but he likes playing ____ football.
A.a…the B. the… the C./ …the D. the…/
10.By thetime hewas 4, he______a lotof German words.
A.had learned B. has learned C.learned
D.learns
二.用括号里面的正确形式填空。

1. You know,I ____________ (look) for a job for three m
onths, and this is my first formal interview.
2. My sister _______________ (stay) in Beijing for th
ree months last year.
3. The little boy is dirty all over because he______________ (pla y) in the mud all the morning.
4. I ______________ (wonder) if you were free this afternoon.
5. Here he is! We ___________ (wait) anxiously for him since last night.
6.We_____________ (paint) thehouse before we______________(move)in.
7. That richoldman_____________ (make)awillbefore he_____________ (die).
8.They _____________ (study) the mapof thecountrybefore they ________ (leave).
9.The robbers _____________(runaway) before the policemen
_______ (arrive).
10. I __________ (turn off) all thelightsbefore I ____________(go)to bed.
三.按要求完成下列各题
1.Theyhavebeen here since 2000. (对划线部分提问)
have they been h ere?
2.The old man _________last year.
He for a year. (die)(动词填空)3.Thisfactory opened twenty years ago.(同义句转换)
Thisfactory ________ for twentyyears.
4.Jackdidn’t go to the cinemabecause he had seenthe film.(对划线部分提问)
______________________________________________________________________________.
5.We had had thetoys fortenyears beforewegave them to the child.(对划线部分提问)
______________________________________________________________________________.
同步练习答案:
现在完成时:1-5:ADCAA6-10:DBDCB
过去完成时:1-5:ADCAA 6-10:DBDCB
现在完成进行时:1-5 DCDDC 6-10 CABA C
课后作业答案:
一.选择题:1-5:DBACA 6-10:DCDDA
二.用括号里面的正确形式填空。

1. havebeen looking 2. stayed 3. ha
s beenplaying/ has played
4. wondered
5. have been waiting 6. had painte
d...moved 7. had made ... died
8.hadstudied…left 9.had run away. Arrived10.had tur ned off…went
三.按要求填空
1.How long 2. died, has beendead 3.has been open
4.Whydidn't Jack go to the cinema?
5.. How long had you/wehad the toys before you/we gave them to the child?。

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