英国文化复习题

英国文化复习题
1)请大家结合所发材料及上课内容把这些习题所在的知识点掌握；不要去死记硬背，尤
其不要把答案带到考场，被抓到舞弊，后果自己负责；
2)简答题希望同学们自己去看材料并做出总结，不要背别人写好的，如果两位同学考试时
答案完全一致，都不能得到该题分数。

写得不好无所谓，我最看重的是大家良好的学习态度；
3)古希腊一章主要涉及的是哲学和戏剧这部分，这里我没有给复习题，希望大家自己再去
看看所发材料；
4)基督教这章我们不做要求；
5)希望大家结合复习题，再认真阅读本学期《英国文化》所学知识，毕竟我们学习不是完
全为了考试；
I. Decide whether the following statements are true or false:
1. Britain is no longer an imperial country. T
2. The Commonwealth of Nations include all European countries. F
3. 1 in 10 of the British population are of non-European ethnicity. F
4. The stereotype of the English gentleman never applied the majority of the British people. T
5. Great Britain includes 3 constituent countries: England, Scotland, and Wales. F
6. Northern Ireland is part of Great Britain. F
7. When people outside UK talk about England, they mistake it as Britain sometimes. T
8. The Scots and Welsh have a strong sense of being British. F
9. Scotland was never conquered by the Romans. T
10. Most people in Scotland speak the old Celtic language, called "Gaelic". F
11. Scotland was unified with England through peaceful means. T
12. Wales is rich in coal deposits. T
13. Cardiff, the capital of Wales, is a large city. F
14. The title of Prince of Wales is held by a Welsh according to tradition. F
15. Ireland is part of Great Britain. F
16. "Ulster", referring to Northern Ireland, was once an ancient Irish kingdom. T
17. The capital of Belfast is a large city with half a million people. F
18. Northern Ireland is significant because of its manufacturing industry. F
19. The majority of Irish people were descendants of the original Celtic people who inhabited the British Isles before the Romans arrived 2000 years ago. T
20. Most British people are Protestants while most Irish people are Catholics. T
21. The British government does not have direct rule from London over Northern Ireland. F
22. Sinn Fein is a legal political party in Northern Ireland. T
23. It is no doubt that Britain is the oldest representative democracy in the world. F
24. In Britain, the process of state-building has been one of evolution rather than revolution, in contrast to France and the U.S. T
25. The oldest institution of government according to the text is the Monarchy. T
26. The divine right of kings means the sovereign derived his authority from his subjects. F
27. While the King in theory had God on his side, it was thought that he should exercise absolute power. F
28. The term "parliament" was first officially used in 1066 to describe the gathering of feudal barons and representatives from counties and towns. F
29. Britain is both a parliamentary democracy and a constitutional monarchy. T
30. Britain, like Israel, has a written constitutions of the sort which most countries have. F
31. Common laws are laws which have been established through common practice in the courts. T
32. In the U.K., a government cannot stand for longer than five years except in exceptional circumstances. T
33. The parliament can call an election sooner than five years. F
34. Anyone who is eligible to vote with 500 pounds as deposit can stand as an MP. T
35. Each main party is given some time on national TV to "sell" their policies. The time is not given free and has to be paid by the party. F
36. The amount spent in national campaign is not limited other than that on TV. T
37. The campaigns are not simply about telling people how good your policies are, but also about telling them how bad your opponents are. T
38. Secrecy is not an important part of the voting process. F
39. The counting of votes run over a period of a few days. F
40. There are two major national parties in the U.K. according to the text. F
41. Liberal Democratic Party is the newest of the major national parties. F
42. By the 1880's the British economy was dominant in the world. T
43. Both the U.S. and Canada overtook Britain in economy by 1900. F
44. In World War II, Britain had gone heavily into debt in order to develop its manufacturing industry and borrowed large amounts from the U.S. and France. F
45. Another reason for British decline is the loss of its colonies, especially India, which gained its independence in 1947. T
46. In the 1970's, with the souring price of oil and high rates of inflation, Britain went through a bad period. In 1979, the Labour Party had to step down from the government. T
47. The leader of the Conservatives, Margaret Thatcher started a series of reforms. An extensive programme of privatization was carried out but she did not succeed in saving the British economy. F
48. Tertiary industries include banking, insurance, tourism, agriculture and the selling of goods.
F
49. Britain has a large sector of agriculture producing 11.6% of its national wealth. F
50. According to the text, the tertiary industry produces approximately 2/3 of the national wealth.
T
51. The service industry in the U.K. employs 70% of the total work force. T
52. The purpose of British education is not only to provide children with literacy and other basic skills but also to socialize children. T
53. The state seldom interferes with the decision of when, where, how and what children are
taught. F
54. The enduring feature of British education is the continuing debate over what should be taught in school and universities. F
55. The 1944 Education Act made entry to secondary schools and universities "meritocratic".
T
56. The public schools are part of the national education system and funded by the government.
F
57. British universities are public bodies which receive funds from central government. T
58. In Oxford and Cambridge the BA converts to an MA several years later, upon payment of a fee. T
II. Choose the correct answer to each of the following.
1.__________ is not considered a characteristic of London.
(a) The cultural centre
(b) The business centre
(c) The financial centre
(d) The sports centre
2. ________________ is not true about the characteristics of Britain.
(a) Economic differences between north and south
(b) Differences of social systems between Scotland and Wales
(c) Class differences between a white-collar worker and a blue-collar worker
(d) Cultural differences between immigrants and the British
3. _______________ can not be found in London.
(a) Teahouses
(b) Galleries
(c) Museums
(d) Theatres
4. Which of the following is not true about Britain?
(a) It used to be an imperial country in the world.
(b) It plays an active role as a member of European Union.
(c) It is a relatively wealthy and developed country.
(d) It used to be one of the superpowers in the world.
5. Three of the following are characteristics of London. Which of the four is the exception?
(a) London is a political, economic and cultural centre of the country.
(b) London has a larger population than all other cities in England.
(c) London is not only the largest city in Britain, but also the largest in the world.
(d) London has played a significant role in the economic construction of the country.
6. The Tower of London, a historical sight, located in the centre of London, was built by___________.
(a) King Harold
(b) Robin Hood
(c) Oliver Cromwell
(d) William the Conqueror
7.________ were the ancestors of the English and the founders of England.
(a) The Anglo-Saxons
(b) The Normans
(c) The Vikings
(d) The Romans
8. __________ is the largest city in Scotland.
(a) Cardiff
(b) Edinburgh
(c) Glasgow
(d) Manchester
9. Why did the Scottish Kings decide to form an independent singular Scottish state in the ninth century?
(a) They needed a unified independent nation to fight against Viking raids.
(b) They felt it necessary to develop their own industry.
(c) They were threatened by the Anglo-Saxons' invasion.
(d) They had to do it in order to resist the English.
10. Where do the majority of people in Scotland live?
(a) In the Highlands.
(b) In the Lowlands.
(c) In the Uplands.
(d) In the west of Scotland.
11. Which of the following statements is not true?
(a) Wales was invaded by the Romans.
(b) Wales was occupied by the Anglo-Saxons.
(c) Wales was conquered by the Normans.
(d) Wales was threatened by the English.
12. Which of the following parties in Scotland still wants an independent Scotland?
(a) The Labour Party.
(b) The Liberal Party.
(c) The Scottish Nationalist Party.
(d) The Conservative Party.
13. Scotland joined the Union by agreement of the English and Scottish parliaments ________.
(a) In 1715
(b) In 1688
(c) In 1745
(d) In 1707
14. Llywelgn ap Gruffudd is more than a simple historical figure for the Welsh. He is almost considered the legendary hero of Welsh nationalism because___________.
(a) he became the first Prince of Wales in 1267
(b) he brought the English under his control
(c) he led a historic uprising against the English
(d) he unified Wales as an independent nation
15. In the seventeenth century, the English government encouraged people from Scotland and Northern England to emigrate to the north of Ireland, because___________.
(a) they wanted to increase its control over Ireland
(b) they had too many people and didn't have enough space for them to live in
(c) they intended to expand their investment
(d) they believed that Ireland was the best place for them
16. In 1969, the first British soldiers were seen on Northern Ireland Street. They came first___________.
(a) to maintain traffic order in Northern Ireland
(b) to protect the Catholic people
(c) to protect the Protestant people
(d) to replace the Royal Ulster Constabulary since they were unable to keep social order
17. Northern Ireland is the smallest of the four nations, but is quite well-known in the world for___________.
(a) its most famous landmark, the "Giant's Causeway"
(b) its rich cultural life
(c) its low living standards
(d) its endless political problems
18. Faced with conflicting demands the British government chose a compromise and organised a partition of Ireland, because___________.
(a) the British government wouldn't be able to control Ireland any longer by force
(b) the British government intended to satisfy both sides─Catholics as well as Protestants
(c) Catholics in Ireland demanded a partition of Ireland
(d) Protestants welcomed the idea of partition
19. Which of the following statements is not true?
(a) Sinn Fein is the legal political Party in Northern Ireland.
(b) Those who want to unite Northern Ireland with Britain are called Unionists.
(c) Social Democratic and Labour Party is a very important political Party in Britain.
(d) Those who show their loyalty to the British Crown are called Loyalists.
20. In the early 1970s, the IRA___________.
(a) killed many Protestants and Catholics
(b) burned down the houses of Catholics
(c) murdered individuals at random
(d) carried out a series of bombing and shooting and attacked the security forces as their main target
21. 1972 was the worst year of the political troubles in Northern Ireland, because___________.
(a) 13 Catholics were shot dead by the police
(b) 468 people were killed in Northern Ireland
(c) the government carried out a policy known as "internment"
(d) Bloody killing of 468 people fortified Catholic opposition to the British presence in Northern Ireland
22. Why did the British government decide to replace the Power-Sharing policy with "direct-rule" from London?
(a) The Power-Sharing policy was not accepted by the majority of Protestants.
(b) The Northern Irish Parliament could not govern the province effectively.
(c) The Power-Sharing policy couldn't be carried out.
(d) All the above.
23. Which of the following statements is not true?
(a) In 1981, some convicted IRA prisoners went on a hunger-strike.
(b) They demanded for the status of being "political prisoners" by starving themselves.
(c) Margaret Thatcher's government gave in to their political demand.
(d) The death of prisoners revitalized the political movement of Sinn Fein.
24. How many counties do you know there are in Northern Ireland?
(a) 26.
(b) 6.
(c) 32.
(d) 20.
25. Which of the following is not characteristic of British government?
(a) It offers the Queen high political status and supreme power.
(b) It is both a parliamentary democracy and a constitutional monarchy.
(c) It is the oldest representative democracy in the world.
(d) It has no written form of Constitution.
26. Which of the following king was executed in the civil war?
(a) James I.
(b) James II.
(c) Charles I.
(d) Charles II.
27. What happened in 1215?
(a) It was the year of Norman Conquest in British history.
(b) Forced by barons, King John signed the Magna Carta.
(c) Henry IV granted the Commons the power to review money grants.
(d) King Egbert united England under his rule.
28. Which of the following is not true about the Great Council?
(a) They included barons and representatives from counties and towns.
(b) They were sometimes summoned by the kings to contribute money.
(c) They later developed into what we now know as the Cabinet.
(d) They represented the aristocrats as well as the communities.
29. Under whose reign was the Bill of Rights passed?
(a) James II.
(b) William of Orange.
(c) Oliver Cromwell.
(d) George I.
30. Which of the following is not true about the Constitution?
(a) It is a document which lists out the basic principles for government.
(b) It is the foundation of British governance today.
(c) Conventions and Laws passed by Parliament are part of the Constitution.
(d) The common laws are part of the Constitution.
31. Which of the following about the Parliament is not true?
(a) There are no legal restraints upon Parliament.
(b) Strictly speaking, the Queen is part of the Parliament.
(c) Parliament has the supreme power of passing laws.
(d) Parliament has no power to change the terms of the Constitution.
32. Which of the following about the Queen is not true?
(a) The Queen selects the Prime Minister and the Cabinet.
(b) The Queen symbolises the tradition and unity of the British state.
(c) The Queen acts as a confidante to the Prime Minister.
(d) The Queen is the temporal head of the Church of England.
33. Which of the following about the House of Lords is not true?
(a) Lords do not receive salaries and many do not attend Parliament sittings.
(b) It consists of the Lords Spiritual and the Lords Temporal.
(c) The lords are expected to represent the interests of the public.
(d) Most of the lords in the House of Lords are males.
34. Which of the following about the House of Commons is not true?
(a) Members of Parliament elect the Prime Minister and the Cabinet.
(b) MPs receive salaries and some other allowances.
(c) MPs are expected to represent the interests of the public.
(d) Most MPs belong to the major political parties.
35. Which group of people can not vote in the general election?
(a) Members in the House of Commons.
(b) Lords in the House of Lords.
(c) The UK citizens above the age of 18.
(d) The UK resident citizens of the Irish Republic.
36. By whom is a "vote of no confidence" decided?
(a) The House of Commons.
(b) The House of Lords.
(c) The two major parties.
(d) The Prime Minister.
37. Which of the following is not true about the electoral campaigns?
(a) Big parties can buy time to broadcast their policies on the television.
(b) There is a limit on the amount of money candidates can spend in their constituency campaign.
(c) Candidates and their supporters go door-to-door persuading voters to vote for them.
(d) Candidates criticize each other's policies to show how good their own policies are.
38. How many seats in the House of Commons should a party hold at least in order to win the election?
(a) 651.
(b) 326.
(c) 626.
(d) 351.
39. Which of the following party adopts a "fatherly" sense of obligation to the poorer people in the society?
(a) The Conservative party.
(b) The Liberal Democrats.
(c) The Party of Wales.
(d) The Labour party.
40. Which of the following description about the Conservative party is not true?
(a) It has been in power for an unusually long period of time.
(b) It prefers policies that protect individual's rights.
(c) It receives a lot of the funding from big companies.
(d) It is known as a party of high taxation levels.
41. Which government lost a vote of no confidence and was forced to resign in 1979?
(a) The Conservative government.
(b) The Liberal government.
(c) The Labour government.
(d) The radical government.
42. Which period of time in British history was described as "private affluence and public squalor"?
(a) The 1940s.
(b) The 1970s.
(c) The 1980s.
(d) The 1990s.
43. Which of the following about the "poll tax" is not true?
(a) It was introduced by the Conservative government.
(b) It was introduced by the Labour government.
(c) It was an attempt to change local government taxes.
(d) It was criticized by many citizens.
44. Who is the leader of the Labour party at present?
(a) John Major.
(b) Tony Blair.
(c) Harold Wilson.
(d) Margaret Thatcher.
45. Which of the following statements about the UK economy is not true?
(a) Britain remains one of the Group of Seven large industrial economies.
(b) Britain has experienced a relative economic decline since 1945.
(c) There has been a period of steady decreasing of living standards.
(d) Some smaller economies have overtaken the UK in terms of output per capita.
Answer:
46. Which of the following was not the reason for the relative economic decline since 1945?
(a) Britain did not invest in modern equipment and new products.
(b) Britain spent a high proportion of its national wealth on the military.
(c) Britain had been heavily in debt to finance the war.
(d) Britain had carried out the nationalisation of the businesses.
47. Which of the following livestock has the biggest number in the UK?
(a) Beef cattle.
(b) Dairy cattle.
(c) Chicken.
(d) Sheep.
48. Where is the best agricultural land in Britain?
(a) In the southeast of England.
(b) In the northeast of England.
(c) In the southeast of Scotland.
(d) In the northeast of Scotland.
49. Which of the following is not a company in the energy sector?
(a) Shell.
(b) ICI.
(c) RTZ.
(d) British Gas.
50. Which of the following used to be the last independent car company in the UK?
(a) Ford.
(b) Peugeot.
(c) Rover.
(d) BMW.
51. In aerospace industry, which two countries are ahead of Britain?
(a) The U.S. and Germany.
(b) The U.S. and Russia.
(c) Germany and Russia.
(d) France and Russia.
52. Which civil airline was started in 1924 after the First World War?
(a) Imperial Airways.
(b) British Airways.
(c) Hawker-Siddeley Aviation.
(d) The British Aircraft Corporation.
53. What did Frank Whittle do in 1937?
(a) He invented the first jet plane.
(b) He developed the first jet engine.
(c) He made the first powered flight.
(d) He made the trans-Atlantic flight.
54. Which company became an important aero-engine manufacturer after WWI?
(a) Boeing.
(b) Rolls Royce.
(c) McDonnel-Douglas.
(d) Hawker-Siddeley Aviation.
55. British Aerospace was the merger of which two companies?
(a) The British Aircraft Corporation and Hawker-Siddeley Aviation.
(b) The British Aircraft Corporation and Rolls Royce.
(c) Hawker-Siddeley Aviation and GEC Avionics.
(d) Hawker-Siddeley Aviation and Rolls Royce.
56. In Britain, the great majority of parents send their children to___________.
(a) private schools
(b) independent schools
(c) state schools
(d) public schools
57. In Britain, children from the age of 5 to 16___________.
(a) can legally receive partly free education
(b) can legally receive completely free education
(c) can not receive free education at all
(d) can not receive free education if their parents are rich
58. If a student wants to go to university in Britain, he will take the examination called___________.
(a) General Certificate of Education—Advanced
(b) General Certificate of Secondary Education
(c) the common entrance examination
(d) General National V ocational Qualifications
59. _____________ is a privately funded university in Britain.
(a) The University of Cambridge
(b) The University of Oxford
(c) The University of Edinburgh
(d) The University of Buckingham
60. Which of the following is not true?
(a) Parents send their children to public schools because they are rich.
(b) Parents send their children to public schools because their children can get better jobs when they leave school.
(c) Parents send their children to public schools because their children can have a better chance of getting into a good university.
(d) Parents send their children to public schools because their children prefer to go to public schools.
61. Which of the following is not a characteristic of the Open University?
(a) It's open to everybody.
(b) It requires no formal educational qualifications.
(c) No university degree is awarded.
(d) University courses are followed through TV, radio, correspondence, ect.
62. In the examination called "the 11 plus", students with academic potential go to ___________.
(a) grammar schools
(b) comprehensive schools
(c) public schools
(d) technical schools
63. Which of the following is not included in the National Curriculum?
(a) Children must study the subjects like English, mathematics, science and so on.
(b) Children must sit in A-level exams.
(c) Children must pass national tests.
(d) Teachers must teach what they are told.
64. Which of the following is not true about the British education system?
(a) It's run by the state.
(b) It's funded by the state.
(c) It's supervised by the state.
(d) It's dominated by the state.
65. _________________ would admit children without reference to their academic abilities.
(a) Comprehensive schools
(b) Secondary schools
(c) Independent schools
(d) Grammar schools
Ⅲ.Topics for Discussion
1. What was the British Empire? What do you know about it? In what way is the Empire still felt in Britain and in the international field?
2. Why does the author say that it is not possible to sum up the British people with a few simple phrases?
3. "British history has been a history of invasion". Please illustrate this point with the examples from the text. How did each of the invasions influence English culture ?
2. What are some general characteristics of Scotland? How did Scotland become part of the union of Great Britain?
4. Describe characteristics of Wales and Wales' unification with Great Britain.
5. Are there any differences between England, Scotland and Wales in terms of cultural tradition ?
6. Why is Northern Ireland, according to the author, so significant in the United Kingdom? What is the political problem there?
7. What are some of the factors in Irish and English history that affect the situation in Northern Ireland today?
8. Different parties and groups in the United Kingdom have different solutions to the political problem in Northern Ireland. Please sum up their different attitudes.
9. Has the author offered a solution to the political problem in Northern Ireland?
10. What are some of the characteristics of the British constitutional monarchy? How has the English monarchy evolved gradually to the present constitutional monarchy?
11. How did the doctrine of the "divine right of kings", according to the author, lead to the English Civil War? What do you know about the causes of the English Revolution in the 17th century?
12. What is the history of English parliament? What role did the parliament play in the Civil War?
13. Discuss the major characteristics and the main content of the British constitution.
14. Why does the author say that parliament is supreme in the British state? What functions does parliament have? What role does the Queen ( King ) and the Prime Minister play in British government?
15. What kind of institution is the House of Lords? What role does it play in British government?
16. Who can stand for election as an MP in the UK? Why are small parties and independent candidates powerless in the election campaign for the formation of a government?
17. What are the three big parties in the UK? What are some of the similarities and dissimilarities between the three parties?
18. What are some of the recent political trends in the UK? Are these trends more democratic or undemocratic? What is the author's opinion?
19. The author says that John Major's conservatives remain unpopular in 1997. What reasons does the author give for this political situation?
20. Please define "absolute decline and relative decline" in the UK economy. How does the author
explain the reasons for the absolute decline and relative decline?
21. What did the Conservative Party under Mrs. Margaret Thatcher promise to do to the UK national economy in 1979? The word "reform" in the national economy was also popular when Mrs. Margaret Thatcher formed the government and decided to change the UK economy. What was her radical reform program? Was the program successful according to the author?
22. What are the three main areas in national economies? Describe the development of each of the three areas in the UK economy.
23. The author believes that Britain, like most developed economics, has seen a relatively shrinking of the importance of secondary industry and a spectacular growth in tertiary or service industries. Why is it so? Do you see a similar growth in tertiary industries in China in the past 20 years? How is this growth related to the reform and opening up to the outside world?
24. What are the purposes of the British education system? Please comment on these purposes. What are the main purposes of the Chinese education system? Are there any differences or similarities in the education of the two nations?
25. How does the British education system reflect social class?
26. What are the major changes that have taken place since World War II? Is British education moving towards more progress or more equality? Pick up some examples from the text to illustrate your points.
27. Why does the author say that universities in Britain have been rather elitist?
28. What is the Open University in Britain? What do you think of this system?。