GHS训练手册说明书

Creative Systems, Inc.
GHS Training Book GHS训练手册
中英文对照
Rev. 11/16 版本
Translated by: Sintong Marine & Offshore Pte Ltd 中文翻译：欣通船舶与海洋工程设计有限公司
Updated on 更新于: 27 June 2017
Table of Contents
Introduction前言 (7)
The Purpose of this Document本手册目的 (7)
First, Geometry File首先，模型文件 (8)
The Rest of the Model: Fixed Weights vs. Tank Loads 模型之外就是固定重量和液舱装载 (8)
Talking to GHS: Commands, Run Files and Reports关于GHS：命令、运行文件和报告9 The GHS Command LanguageGHS命令语言 (10)
The Complete GHS: Optional Modules完整GHS软件：可选模块 (10)
Installation and Setup安装和设置 (12)
Starting Up the Program程序启动 (13)
The GHS Main Screen GHS主界面 (13)
Pull-Down Menus下拉菜单 (14)
Printer Setup打印机设置 (15)
Text Editor Setup文本编辑器设置 (15)
The User Library Folder用户库文件夹 (15)
The Executive Dialog Box执行对话框 (16)
Automatic Start-up Run Files自动启动运行文件 (16)
Direct Command Entry直接命令入口 (17)
The Structure of Commands命令结构 (17)
Changing the Working Folder更改工作文件夹 (18)
Setting the Project Name设置项目名称 (18)
The Project Folder System项目文件夹系统 (19)
The Phases of a Project项目运行过程 (19)
Geometry Organization: Understanding the Model组织构架：了解模型 (20)
Interpreting Shapes形状说明 (22)
The Vessel Coordinate System船用坐标系统 (24)
Waterplane Coordinates水线面坐标 (25)
Model Building: Creating the Geometry建模：创建模型 (26)
Starting Section Editor启动横剖面编辑 (28)
A Section Editor Exercise横剖面编辑器练习 (29)
About Names of Parts, Components and Shapes部件、组件和形状的命名 (30)
About Units in Section Editor横剖面编辑的单位 (31)
Entering Offsets with Section Editor横剖面编辑器中输入型值 (31)
Saving Your Work: Writing the Geometry File保存工作：编写模型文件 (32)
The Arc Command Arc命令 (33)
How Many Stations? 有多少站？ (33)
Making the Sail建立上层建筑 (34)
Other SE Commands其他SE命令 (35)
Section Editor / Display横剖面编辑器/显示 Viewing Commands Viewing命令 (37)
Model Converter: Importing and Exporting Geometry模型转换器：输入和输出模型 (42)
A Model Converter Exercise模型转化练习 (43)
Deck Edge Considerations甲板边线修正 (46)
Another Model Converter Exercise其他模型转换练习 (47)
Getting Into Part Maker进入部件生成 (47)
A Part Maker Exercise部件生成练习 (49)
Generating Reports生成报告 (52)
The Basic Run File Structure for Reports报告基本运行文件结构 (52)
Annotating Run Files运行文件注释 (53)
Printing Out the Geometry打印输出模型 (53)
Annotating Reports报告注释 (54)
The MESSAGE Command消息命令 (54)
System Variables系统变量 (55)
Two Kinds of Calculations两种计算方式 (55)
Parts and Components in the Calculations计算中的部件和组件 (56)
Reference Points of Parts部件参考点 (56)
The Current Parts List当前部件列表 (57)
Heel Angles and Trim Angles横倾角和纵倾角 (58)
Origin Depth vs. Draft原点水深vs吃水 (59)
FP, AP and LBP首吃水、尾吃水和垂线间长 (60)
Trim Angle vs. Trim Distance纵倾角和纵倾距离 (61)
Curves of Form船体型线图 (61)
Flooding Tanks舱室浸水 (62)
Waves波浪 (63)
Curves of Hydrostatic Properties静水力特征曲线 (64)
An Exercise in Curves of Hydrostatic Properties静水力特征曲线练习 (65)
More About Station Spacing关于站距 (65)
Choosing your Drafts选择吃水 (66)
Cross Curves of Stability稳性横交曲线 (66)
Macros宏 (67)
Nested Run Files嵌套运行文件 (69)
The WRITE Command编写命令 (70)
Stability Criteria:Introduction to the Limit Command稳性衡准：介绍限定条件命令 (70)
Critical Points关键点 (71)
Curves of Maximum VCG最大重心高度曲线 (72)
A MAXVCG Exercise最大重心高度练习 (74)
Composite Maximum VCG Curves合成最大VCG曲线 (75)
A Exercise in Composite Max VCG合成最大VCG练习 (76)
MAXVCG LOOKUP调用最大许用重心高度 (76)
Specific Conditions:Setting Up a Waterplane特殊条件：设置水线面 (77)
Draft Surveys测量吃水 (79)
Tank Loads舱室装载 (79)
Coefficients of Form, Wetted Surface and Sectional Area Curves船型系数、湿面积和横剖面面积曲线 (80)
Free Surface and Free Surface Moments自由液面和自由液面惯性矩 (81)
About GM关于GM (84)
Hydrostatic Properties for the Current Condition当前状态的静水力特征 (84)
Deadweight载重量 (86)
More on the Structure of Commands 深入介绍命令结构 (86)
Light Ship Weight空船重量 (87)
Adding Other Fixed Weights增加其他固体重量 (88)
Finding Equilibrium求解平衡 (89)
Load Editor and LEw装载编辑器和编辑器窗口 (89)
Inclining倾斜试验 (89)
About Wizards关于向导 (90)
User Variables and the SET Command用户变量和设置命令 (91)
More on Limits and Stability Criteria深入研究限定条件和稳性衡准 (91)
The RAH Command计算回复力臂命令 (93)
Heeling Moments横倾力矩 (96)
Wind Heeling风倾 (96)
Severe Wind and Rolling Calculations风和横摇角计算 (97)
More about FSM深入探讨FSM（自由液面惯性矩） (100)
An Intact Stability Exercise完整稳性练习 (102)
Longitudinal Strength总纵强度 (118)
An LS Exercise总纵强度练习 (120)
Waves 波浪 (121)
Floodable Lengths可浸长度 (122)
Report Options报告选项 (122)
Special Message Commands特殊信息命令 (125)
Tank Characteristics舱室特征 (126)
Tank Characteristics Exercise舱室特性练习 (127)
Tank Sounding Tables舱室测深表 (128)
Flooding Tanks 破损液舱 (128)
Damage Stability破舱稳性 (130)
A Damage Stability Exercise破舱稳性练习 (130)
Tonnage Calculations吨位计算 (131)
Skin Areas表面积 (131)
Important Wizards重要向导 (131)
Introduction前言
The GHS software is primarily for ship stability and strength in view of regulatory standards. But it is also well-suited to simulating the behavior of any body, floating or not, where ground reactions and other forces may be present. It is often used in simulation-oriented settings such as salvage, crane ships and heavy-lift operations, to name a few. It also has an on-board configuration, known variously as GHS Load Monitor, GHS-LM or simply GLM, where it becomes an efficient “electronic stability book” that naval architects provide for their clients, augmenting the traditional paper T & S books.
GHS软件主要用于根据规范校核稳性和总纵强度，还适用于模拟船舶运动、浮态性能、搁浅反作用力和其他可能出现的力。

常用于模拟仿真，比如打捞作业、起重船和重型起重作业。

还提供船舶装载仪系统，GHS Load Monitor（GHS装载仪），即GHS-LM或者简称GLM，总体工程师通过GLM为客户提供有效的“电子稳性手册”，充实传统纸质稳性手册。

GHS derives nearly all of its results directly from 3-dimensional geometry models of the ship hull and its interior arrangements. This is unlike some competing software that use intermediate tables for the sake of efficiency. Because GHS has a highly-efficient calculating engine, it performs the essential volume integrations very quickly, and so is able to provide both speed and the accuracy inherent in using the “first principles” approach.
GHS基于船体及舱室布置的三维模型直接得出计算结果。

不同于其他软件，为提高计算效率直接线性插值表格。

GHS拥有极其高效的计算引擎，快速计算体积基本要素，因此GHS把能够把快速性和准确性作为“第一法则”。

The Purpose of this Document本手册目的
This document serves as text for the standard 3-day introductory GHS training course. It assumes no initial familiarity with GHS. It does assume familiarity with personal computers under the Windows operating system.
本手册提供三天培训教程。

培训内容针对于不熟悉GHS的学员，学员需自备带有Windows操作系统的个人电脑。

The important concepts and principles upon which GHS is built are presented in some detail, but in other respects this is not a complete user's guide to the program. The GHS User's Manual is the complete reference document. Most of the User's Manual is conveniently accessible through the Help menu in the GHS program.
本手册详细介绍GHS主要概念及工作原理，在细节性方面，未完整阐述该程序使用说明。

完整介绍请参考GHS用户手册，还可以通过程序帮助菜单浏览大部分用户手册内容。

Topics are presented in a particular order that builds on material presented previously. Sometimes the explanation of a program feature is split to provide necessary prerequisite information only where it is needed while avoiding information overload before it is needed. Therefore this should be read in its natural order, not at random.
本手册课题顺序按照以往培训实例而定。

为避免重复叙述，有时某程序功能分解成几部分，只在需要时加以解释。

因此，应按顺序阅读本培训手册。

By the time you finish going through this document you will know how to get useful work done with GHS, and you will be oriented well enough to make good use of the User's Manual to extend your knowledge.
阅读完本手册后，可初步掌握如何使用GHS进行工作，同时可储备相当的知识更好的使用用户手册拓展知识。

No attempt is being made here to cover every detail of GHS. The emphasis is on simplicity. It is left to the user to build on this foundation as needed, with the User's Manual as the main source of information, possibly augmented with advice from the GHS technical support team or the online help.
本文并未介绍GHS所有功能细节，而是简要阐述。

让用户根据需要建立GHS的基础，把用户手册作为信息的主要来源，还可以寻求GHS技术团队的帮助或者在线帮助
/support contains all the latest
网站/support包含所有最新的:
•Training Guides, Tutorials & Wizards
•培训指南，辅导和向导
•Bulletins, Questions & Answers, Did You Know articles, and sample Run Files •公告、问题及答案、相关文章和运行文件样例
First, Geometry File首先，模型文件
GHS uses a convenient and compact geometry model of the ship that includes all of its internal tank and compartment arrangements, and all of its superstructure windage elements. This model is contained in a single computer file we call the Geometry File (typically using the file-name extension .GF). Since all calculations are based on geometry, the first stage of any project is building the geometric model; and the first sessions of this training course will teach you how to create Geometry Files.
GHS采用方便紧凑的船体模型，包括所有内部液舱、舱室分布和所有上层建筑风模型。

模型存储在单独的计算机文件中，称之为Geometry File（模型文件），通常使用的文件扩展名为.GF。

由于所有计算都基于模型，所以展开项目的第一步是建立模型。

本教程的第一章节将培训如何创建Geometry Files（模型文件）。

The Rest of the Model: Fixed Weights vs. Tank Loads 模型之外就是固定重量和液舱装载
The Geometry File, with its tank models, provides for weights and centers of liquid loads, but it does not provide weights of structure and other non-liquid loads. Consider that all of the buoyancy and weight forces derived from the geometry are variable – subject to change – when the vessel changes its draft, heel and trim. On the other side of the equation you have the fixed forces from the weight of structure and loads that have fixed magnitudes and positions on the ship. Therefore we divide the weight items into “Fixed” weights and “Tank” weights (meaning the the weights and centers of tank contents), which implies that Tank weights are variable at least in the locations of their
centers. Here is the issue: Fixed weights, including light ship weight and its center, are represented in “Commands” that reside in “Run Files”. So we have two kinds of files: Geometry Files and Run Files.
完整定义舱室的Geometry File（模型文件）提供了液体装载的重量和重心，但不提供舱室结构重量和其他非液体重量。

把根据模型计算的浮力和重力是看做是可变的，随着船舶吃水、纵倾和横倾变化而变化。

在等式的另一边是船舶结构重量和船上大小位置固定的装载。

因此，将重量项划分为“Fixed”(固定)重量和“Tank”（舱室）重量（指重量和舱室重心），把舱室归类为非FIXED重量，也就是说Tank（舱室液体）的重量是可变的，至少是重心位置可变。

这里存在问题：Fixed（固定）重量所含空船的重量和重心需由“Run Files”（运行文件）中的” Commands”（命令）来表示。

因此需有两种文件：Geometry Files（模型文件）和Run Files（运行文件）。

Talking to GHS: Commands, Run Files and Reports关于GHS：命令、运行文件和报告
GHS is a command-oriented program. All of the input data – all of the information you provide that is not in the Geometry File – is in the form of commands. A command, as we have already noted, can provide such things as Fixed-weight items. Commands also instruct the program about what you want to do with the model.
GHS是由命令运行的程序。

所有输入数据（未在Geometry File(模型文件)提供的信息）以命令形式表示。

如大家所了解的，命令可以提供信息，如Fixed（固定）重量项。

命令还可以指示程序如何处理模型。

A fundamental and important concept is that commands are processed as sequential steps, and the order in which commands are given can be very significant. The program processes commands one at a time. Every time a command is processed, the program takes some action, and in many cases the state of the program is changed as a result. This is actually a very familiar paradigm that we see all around us: everything and everyone reacts to sequential inputs and at any given moment is the result of the history of those inputs.
一个重要的基本概念是，命令是按照顺序来运行的，所以定义命令的顺序非常重要。

程序每次只执行一条命令，每执行一次命令，程序将作出相应的反应。

在许多情况下，命令顺序将改变程序的结果。

实际上这是在我们身边非常熟悉的模式：任何事和任何人根据输入条件作出反应，同时的，之前的结果就会成为历史。

Many people today have trouble understanding sequential processing because of their familiarity with spreadsheets. The spreadsheet appears to process its inputs simultaneously; the position of an item on the page does not necessarily imply a sequence. If not warned about this in advance, they will look at a GHS Run File as a if they were looking at a spreadsheet. They will not realize that command A must precede command B if the program is to have the benefit of commandA when it processes command B.
现在，许多人都熟悉电子表格化处理问题，而不理解如何按照顺序处理问题。

电子表格可同时处理输入数据；页面上的数据位置不必按顺序排列。

如未事先声明，用户会将GHS Run File（运行文件）按电子表格化处理问题。

不一定会意识到，在程序处理命令B时需要命令A的前提情况，应当将命令A先于命令B。

A Run File is simply the text file where you write your commands. The preferred file-name extension for Run Files is .RF, and they can be created and edited using the text editor that is available within the GHS program. You could type your commands directly into the program, but using a Run File saves you from having to repeatedly enter commands. When you tell GHS to run your Run File, it simply processes the commands from the file sequentially, line-by-line. Your Run File – in combination with the Geometry File – will produce a Report File. The report could be something simple like the results of an inclining experiment; or it could be an entire Trim and Stability book.
Run File（运行文件）是用于记录命令简单的文本文件。

首选的Run File（运行文件）扩展名是.RF，可以由文本编辑器进行创建和编辑，也可以在GHS程序中直接输入命令行，但是用Run File（运行文件）可以避免重复输入。

用GHS运行文件，GHS将按顺序逐行依次读取命令。

Run File（运行文件）与Geometry File（模型文件）结合输出Report File（报告文件）。

报告可以是简单的文件，如倾斜试验报告；还可以是完整的稳性报告。

You could say that the purpose of this training course is to teach you how to write Run Files. Almost everything, including model building, can be done through Run Files.
可以说，本教程目的是培训如何编写Run Files（运行文件）。

几乎所有项目包括建立模型，都可以通过Run Files（运行文件）来完成。

The GHS Command LanguageGHS命令语言
There are certain special commands that can be used to make your Run File into more than a simple sequential list. For example, there is the “IF” command, which enables you to execute some commands and not others under certain conditions. These special commands are powerful, and they allow you to do many things that you might not expect would be possible in this type of program. In fact, GHS can be used as a general-purpose programming platform. There is even a special version called GHSOS (for GHS Operating System) that includes the command language without the ship-stability functions.
GHS有特殊的命令使得Run File（运行文件）不会简单的按照顺序运行。

例如：“IF”命令，在特定条件下能执行指定的命令而非其他命令。

这些特殊命令非常实用，可以实现很多意想不到的功能。

事实上，GHS可以是一个多功能的编程平台。

甚至有一个特殊的版本称之为GHSOS（GHS操作系统），其中命令语言和船舶稳性无关。

The Complete GHS: Optional Modules完整GHS软件：可选模块
During the training course you will have access to the complete set of GHS modules. But since some of these modules are optional, it is possible that you will not find all of them in your own particular GHS configuration. All GHS systems include the essential model-building tools:Section Editor (SE), Model Converter (MC) and Part Maker (PM), and the essential set of calculations with their reports, including both intact and damage stability. The optional modules are,
在培训课程期间，将使用带有完整模块的GHS软件。

由于某些模块是可选的，所以在个人电脑上GHS可能不包含所有模块。

GHS系统包含所有的基本建模工具有：Section Editor（SE）（横剖面编辑器），Model Converter（MC）（模型转换器）和Part Maker（PM）（模型建模）和报告文件中设置的计算基本要素（包括完整稳性和破舱稳性）。

可选模块有：
• Condition Graphics (CG) – displays vessel and tank loads graphically on screen and in reports (highly recommended!).
•Condition Graphics (CG)（图形）– 在界面和报告中显示船舶和舱室装载的图像（强烈推荐使用！）。

• Load Editor (LE) -- interactive load management essentials.
•Load Editor（LE）（装载编辑器）基础的人机交互式装载管理。

• Load Editor with Windows (LEw) – enhanced Graphic User for LE.
•Load Editor with Windows（LEw）增强图形人机交互式装载管理。

• Longitudinal Strength (LS) - computes shear, bending, deflection and torque curves.
•Longitudinal Strength（LS）（总纵强度）– 计算剪力，弯矩，中垂/拱和扭矩曲线。

• Floodable Lengths(FL) – produces floodable length curves.
•Floodable Lengths（FL）（可浸长度）– 生成可浸长度曲线。

• Tank Soundings (TS) – computes and prints special tank sounding tables for onboard use.
•Tank Soundings（TS）（舱室测深）– 计算和编制特殊格式的测深表供船舶使用。

• Advance Features (AF) – probabilistic damage and oil outflow, hopper stability，bonjean tables and also GMT as a function or tank loading for submersible vessels.
•Advance Features（AF）（高级功能）– 计算概率破舱稳性、溢油流出、开底船舶稳性，邦氏曲线表以及半潜船稳性（GMT和液舱装载）。

• Crane (CR) – vessel munted crane calculations including Crane Operator Output Tables. Enhanced by Lew and CG modules.
•Crane（CR）（吊机）– 对船上吊机的吊装工况进行计算，需要LEw和CG模块。

• Grain Shift (GS) – volumetric heeling moments of bulk cargo in general holds. •Grain Shift（GS）（谷物移动）– 计算散装货物货舱中的倾侧体积矩。

• Multi-Body (MB) – interactions between two or more floating bodies.
•Multi-Body（MB）（多体）– 两个或多个浮体之间的相互作用。

• Hull Maker (HM) – barge shaped GF file generation based on input parameters such as principal dimensions, sheer, rake, deadrise, bilge radius, etc.
•Hull Maker（HM）（船体建模）– 对简易船型如驳船根据参数（如脊弧、首尾升高、底部上翘、舭部半径等）进行建模。

Being an optional module does not necessarily mean that additional software files are involved, though in some cases it does. In all cases, access to these modules is through the GHS main program.
可选模块不是指额外的软件文件，虽然在某些情况下需要额外软件。

但可以肯定的是，通过GHS才能执行这些模块。

Installation and Setup安装和设置
The organization of shortcuts, data files, and folders on your computer and/or network is a matter of personal preference and company policy, so it will not be addressed here. However, in any installation, all GHS program files must reside in a single directory (folder). For the purpose of this training, it is recommended you make a new folder in which to install your training version of GHS, keeping it separate from your permanent GHS program folder.
快捷键、数据文件和计算机/网络上的文件夹的组织结构按个人习惯或公司规定排列，所以不在此介绍。

但不管怎样，在安装GHS时，所有程序文件必须放置在一个单独目录（文件夹）中。

由于本次是培训，建议新建一个文件夹安装GHS的培训版本，与正式版GHS程序文件夹区分开。

GHS uses various devices for copy protection. The most common is a USB dongle. When doing a new installation, do not insert the dongle until prompted to do so.
GHS有各种加密方式保护版权，最常见的是USB加密狗。

在安装新软件时，无需插入加密狗，待提示后进行操作。

Among the files that come with GHS you will find one named INSTALL.TXT. It contains complete step-by-step instructions for all types of installations. On a stand-alone computer a new GHS installation, or an update, goes like this:
在GHS文件中可以发现INSTALL.TXT的文件，此文件包含有完整的安装步骤。

在单机版电脑中安装或更新GHS，步骤如下：
1. Insert the GHS installation CD (or other medium) into your computer.
1. 将GHS安装光盘（或安装包）放入电脑。

2. If "Welcome to GHS" does not appear, run INSTALL.EXE from the CD.
2. 如未出现“Welcome to GHS”，则从CD中运行INSTALL.EXE文件。

3. Click through the installation procedure, following any special instructions that
might appear.
3. 根据安装步骤点击安装，可能会出现以下特殊安装提示。

4. If your computer is installing a USB dongle for the first time, insert the dongle
into a USB port and confirm any security dialogs that might appear; if New Hardware Wizard starts up, select the automatic option. (If you inserted the dongle before installing GHS, see Troubleshooting in INSTALL.TXT.)
4. 如果电脑是第一次安装USB加密狗，将加密狗插入USB端口，并确认出现的安全
对话框，当新硬件向导启动后，选择自动。

（如果在安装GHS之前插入加密狗，
请参看INSTALL.TXT文件中的排除报错）
Starting Up the Program程序启动
GHS can be started using a Windows “shortcut”. A shortcut created on the desktop will default to a working folder where the GHS main program file, GHS.EXE, is located. However this should never be used as the working folder. Therefore, be sure to change the “Start in” folder to a working folder where you want to keep your data files for a particular project. The working folder must never be the GHS program folder, nor should it be a sub-folder within the windows program files directory.
GHS可通过Windows“快捷方式”来启动。

在桌面快捷方式GHS.EXE默认位于GHS主程序文件夹中。

GHS主程序文件夹不能作为工作文件夹，因此，需确认将“启动路径”设置在工作文件夹中，保存项目的数据文件。

工作文件夹不能设置在GHS主程序文件夹中，也不能设置在windows系统文件的子文件夹中。

It is important that you understand the significance of having a separate working folder for each project. Not only does it help to keep your files organized, it also avoids having to specify paths with your file names. The project menu can help with this.
每个项目有各自独立的工作文件夹尤其重要，这不仅有利于项目文件保持组织有序，也有利于指定读取路径。

项目菜单可以帮助我们做。

The GHS Main Screen GHS主界面
The various elements found on the GHS main screen are shown below.
GHS主界面上工具栏如下所示：
Window bar – program name and Project name if defined (otherwise Geometry File name).
窗口栏-程序名称和已定义的项目名称（或者模型文件名称）
Menu bar – pull-down menus
菜单栏- 下拉菜单
Title bar – GHS Version, Title as defined in Geometry File, Project name.
标题栏-GHS版本、模型文件已定义的标题、项目名称。

Header with data box showing (this data box can be turned off using the View menu).
数据框显示标头（该数据框可以由界面菜单关闭）。

Logo – screen background shows the GHS logo (can be changed via the View menu).
标识- 屏幕背景显示GHS标识（可以通过界面菜单更改）。

Display/Command Area – configurable via the View menu.
显示/命令区- 通过界面菜单设置。

Status bar – shows the working folder, report file, units setting.
状态栏- 显示工作文件夹、报告文件、单位设置。

Function Keys (footer buttons) – Configurable via the KEY command.
功能键（页脚按钮）- 通过KEY命令设置。

Pull-Down Menus下拉菜单
At the top of the GHS screen are several pull-down menus. Almost all of the activities that you access through these menus are also available through commands. In fact, when you make a selection from a menu, the equivalent command appears on the screen in the command area – the menu mechanism actually generates and runs the command. That means you can place any of those commands in your run files to produce the same action that you would get through the menu.
GHS界面上方有几个下拉菜单。

几乎所有通过菜单访问的功能都可由命令来实现。

实际上，在菜单中进行选择时，相对应的命令就会出现在界面上的命令区域--菜单的原理就是生成并运行命令。

也就是说可将菜单生成的命令置于运行文件中，能产生同样的效果。

If there is a dialog box active, such as the “GHS Executive” (discussed below), you will have to close it before you can access the pull-down menus.
如果出现一个动态对话框，如“GHS Executive”（见下文），只有关闭对话框后，才能继续访问下拉菜单。

The menu that you will find most useful is Help, which provides quick access to nearly all of the GHS User's Manual. It is organized by command name, making it easy to look up the description and parameters of a given command. There is also a global search, allowing you to search the entire manual for any word. Help opens a separate window
that stays open until you deliberately close it even after closing the GHS session. Right click anywhere in a Help window to bring up the index.
最实用的菜单是Help（帮助）菜单，能够快速访问几乎所有GHS用户手册的内容。

帮助菜单由命令组成，可方便快捷查找命令的描述和参数。

另外菜单设有全局搜索，便于搜索整个手册的任何单词。

帮助菜单会打开一个单独的窗口并保持打开状态，甚至关闭GHS界面后，还是需要单独将其关闭。

在Help（帮助）窗口任意位置右击，即刻弹出索引。

Printer Setup打印机设置
GHS will use your Windows default printer unless you direct it to use another one. You will notice there is a separate Report menu where all of the report functions, includingprinting,are grouped together (rather than being in the File menu as you might expect). If you want to change the printer that GHS will be using, use Setup Printer at the bottom of the Report menu.
GHS使用Windows默认打印机，除非另外设置。

可以看到界面有独立的Report（报告）菜单，所有的报告功能（包括打印）都集中在一起（不同于File菜单）。

如需更改打印机，在Report（报告）菜单下方Setup Printer(设置打印机)设置。

Text Editor Setup文本编辑器设置
In the File menu there is a Setup Paths selection, and under it the Editor Program selection allows you to specify any text editor for editing your run files. Notepad is the default editor, and it is quite adequate. We recommend that you do not use a full-featured editor, since GHS only recognizes basic ASCII text.
在File（文件）菜单中有Setup Paths（设置路径）选项，选项中有Editor Program（编辑程序）选项指定文本编辑器用于编写运行文件。

文本格式是默认编辑器，使用方便。

建议不要使用全功能编辑器，因为GHS只能识别基本的ASCII文本。

The User Library Folder用户库文件夹
As you become more familiar with the power of the GHS command language, you may want to have some of your Run Files easily available to you regardless of which working folder you are using. Such files would be general-purpose Run Files that you would reference in other Run Files. In this case they would be called Library Files and would use the file-name extension .LF; however, the command structure and everything else about the file is the same as any other Run File. A User Library folder can be established in which GHS will automatically look for your Library Files when needed.
当更熟悉GHS命令语言后，设想无论在哪个工作文件下工作，都可以方便的调用一些Run Files（运行文件），这就是公用Run Files（运行文件）。

公用运行文件可以被其它运行文件调用。

这样的文件称之为Library Files（库文件），扩展名为.LF。

但这类文件的命令结构和其他方面都和Run Files（运行文件）是一样的。

建立User Library（用户库）文件夹，在需要时GHS可以自动寻找User Library（用户库）文件夹。

Under the File menu, Setup Paths, you will find the User Library function which allows you to establish the location of your User Library folder.
在File（文件）菜单下，Setup Paths（设置路径），有User Library（用户库）功能，建立User Library（用户库）文件夹位置。

The Executive Dialog Box执行对话框
Normally (exceptions discussed below) there will appear at program start-up a GHS Executive dialog box positioned at the bottom of the GHS main screen. (This is also known as the Executive Wizard.) This is a handy helper for managing files, and it has a built-in Help system that can be used by anyone who is new to the program (or has forgotten what was learned in training). Any time the menus are active, the Executive can be quickly brought up since it is the first item in the Wizard menu. It can also be brought up via the command, RUN EXECUTIVE.WIZ.
通常情况下（个例在下面讨论）GHS启动时会在主界面下方出现一个Executive（执行）对话框（也称为Executive Wizard(执行向导)）。

这是个便捷的文件管理助手，内置Help （帮助）系统，用于帮助初学者（或者易忘记培训内容的学员）。

这个菜单在任何时候都可以起作用，都可以迅速调出Executive（执行）对话框，因为它是向导菜单中的第一项，还可以通过运行命令EXECUTIVE.WIZ调用。

The automatic appearing of the Executive at program start-up can be turned off and on by the Executive itself. Press the Executive's Help button and at the top of the Executive Help screen are buttons for turning the automatic appearing on and off.
程序启动时自动开启Executive（执行）对话框，该对话框可在其内部关闭和开启。

点击执行对话框的Help（帮助）选项，在界面顶部设有执行对话框自动开启和关闭的选项。

Automatic Start-up Run Files自动启动运行文件
There are two special Run File names that GHS looks for at program start-up：GHS.LF and GHS.SAV. GHS looks in the working folder, the user library folder and the GHS program directory for these Run Files. If both GHS.SAV and GHS.LF exist, GHS.SAV runs before GHS.LF. Note that if either of these special start-up files exist, the Executive dialog will not appear unless the RUN EXECUTIVE.WIZ command appears in the start-up file.
GHS在程序启动时会查找两个特殊Run Files（运行文件）GHS.LF和GHS.SAV，GHS 在工作目录和GHS程序目录中查找这两个文件。

如果这两个文件存在，GHS在执行GHS.LF前运行GHS.SAV。

需要注意的是，在对话框中并没有显示运行这两个文件的过程，除非运行EXECUTIVE.WIZ。

GHS.LF - This auto-run file could be used to customize the user interface as well as set printer options. It could also set any of the screen options from the View menu. Of course, this file does not have to exist at all; for most users, the defaults are fine and GHS.LF is not needed
GHS.LF是一个自动运行文件，用户可以用它客户化界面和设置打印选项，也可以从显示菜单设置屏幕选项。

当然，这个文件不是必需的；对大多数用户而言，默认选项已足够使用，并不一定需要GHS.LF文件。

GHS.SAV – GHS.SAV is the default filename for the SAVE command. SAVE writes an environment file that can be used to restore the state of the program. While it would be。