【肿瘤 专家 课件】37-前列腺癌的DNA修复缺陷及分子分型
合集下载
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性,平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益,请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间:9:00-18:30)。
基因突变频率与是否具有前列腺癌家族史、患者的诊断年龄以及种族则无相关性。
对 499例局灶性前列腺癌患者的分析显示,其 DNA 修复基因突变的频率 明显降低( 4.6% )。
综上所述,在研究人员的多中心研究中,转 移 性 前 列 腺 癌 患 者 中 DN A 修 复 基 因 突 变 频 率 为11.8% ,较局灶性前列腺癌患者明显增高, 并且与前列腺癌家族史及患者的诊断年龄无关。
综上所述在研究人员的多中心研究中转转移移性性前前列列腺腺癌癌患患者者中中dnaa修修复复基基因因突突变变频频率率为118较局灶性前列腺癌患者明显增高并且与前列腺癌家族史及患者的诊断年龄无关
前列腺癌的DNA修复缺陷及分子分型
郑州大学第一附属医院
➢ Olaparib ➢ DNA-Repair Defects in Prostate Cancer ➢ Molecular subtyping of prostate cancer ➢ Genomic hallmarks of prostate cancer
约翰霍普金斯大学的Dung T. Le教授在2015年的ACSO会议上报道了PD-1 抑制剂Keytruda的一个2期临床实验结果(NCT01876511)。
有意思的是和PARP抑制剂类似,40个受试者中,其中10个包括胃癌、小肠 癌、和卵巢癌有DNA错配修复缺陷患者的应答率高达71%。相反错配修复 功能完好的患者对Keytruda没有表现应答。
PARP抑制剂和抗PD-1抗体都对DNA缺陷患者敏感,能否将两者联合使用 或能显示协同效应,成为治疗这类患者的利器(比如DNA修复突变患者在 前列腺癌中占30%左右)。
利用基因组测序来检测携带特定可靶向突变的肿瘤治疗(也就是精准医学) 是将来发展的方向。
DNA-Repair Gene Mutions
Moreover, inherited mutations in other DNA repair genes such as PALB2, MLH1, MSH2, and PMS2 also appear to be associated with PC risk.
age at diagnosis and family history of PC did not identify the mutation carriers, although there was enrichment among patients with a family history of cancer.
The clinical behavior of localized prostate cancer is highly variable – while some men will have aggressive cancer leading to metastasis and death from the disease, many others will have indolent cancers that are cured with initial therapy or may be safely observed.
C.C. Pritchard,et al. Inherited DNA-Repair Gene Mutations in Men with Metastatic Prostate Cancer.N Engl J Med. 2016 Aug 4; 375(5): 443–453.
DNA-Repair Gene Mutions
OLAPARIB
PARP抑制剂的开发经历许多曲折,Olaparib是近半个世纪研究的产物。
研究表明PARPs可帮助修复DNA损伤。如果得不到修复,DNA双链断裂会 触发细胞死亡。抑制该酶的作用不太可能杀死健康细胞,因为健康细胞 拥有多条修复断裂DNA的信号通路。但癌细胞有时候会发生一些突变, 破坏其他类型的修复,使得它们尤其对PARP抑制敏感。因此,以这种机 制发挥作用的药物可在靶向癌细胞的同时,绕过健康细胞,避免了一些 毒副作用。
前列腺癌是男性常见肿瘤之一,在全球范围内,前列腺癌发病率在男性所有恶
性肿瘤中居第二位。虽然大多数前列腺癌患者是局部、可治愈的,但是每年全 世界仍有超过20万男性由于前列腺癌转移而死亡。在美国前列腺癌的发病率 已经超过肺癌,成为第一位危害男性健康的肿瘤。2016 年美国新增病例 180890 例,死亡病例约 26120 例。
Subgroup analysis confirmed gBRCA2 mutations as independent factor for poor prognosis .
DNA DAMAGE REPAIR MECHANISMS
DNA DAMAGE REPAIR MECHANISMS
OLAPARIB
Inherited mutations in DNA repair genes and PC risk
Hereditary germline mutations in DNA repair genes areassociated with a higher risk of PC
Germline mutations in BRCA2 increase the risk of developing PC (relative risk 8.6 in men <65 yr),
DNA-Repair Gene Mutions
分析了692例无法因家族易感性或诊断年龄选择的转移性前列腺癌患者, 应用全外显子序列或靶基因下游序列的多元分析方法,评估癌症易感相关的 20 个 DNA修复基因的突变情况。研究结果显示84 种DNA 突变在 8 2 例身上得到验证(11.8% )。在 84 例的基因突变中,截短突变为 79例,错义突变为 5 例。而突变的 16个基因中, BRCA2 所占 的比例最高(44% ),其次为 ATM( 13% )、 CHEK2 ( 12% )、 BRCA1 ( 7% )、 RADS1D ( 4% )、P ALB2 ( 4% )。
16名携带可检测DNA修复突变患者中,14人(14/16,88%)对 olaparib反应良好。大多数是mPC,其疾病控制时间比这组患者 预期的时间要长得多。全部7名BRCA2缺失(4名体细胞缺失,3 名胚系细胞突变)、5位ATM基因异常患者4位对治疗有反应。
这些结果促成启动临床试验TOPARP-B,让携带可检测DNA修复 突变的前列腺癌患者接受olaparib治疗。
In a series of more than 2000 patients with localized PC, including 61 BRCA2 and 18 BRCA1 mutation carriers, 23% of gBRCA1/2 mutation carriers developed metastasis after 5 yr of radical treatment, compared to 7% of noncarriers (p = 0.001). Causespecific survival was significantly shorter among carriers (8.6 yr) compared to noncarriers (15.7 yr).
DNA-Repair Gene Mutions
DNA-Repair Gene Mutions
Molecular Taxonomy of PC
基于Gleason评分、PSA水平、临床、病理分期所组成的风险级。
Molecular Taxonomy of PC
In the current era of PSA screening, nearly 90% of prostate cancers are clinically localized at the time of their diagnosis.
DNA repபைடு நூலகம்ir defects play a relevant role in carcinogenesis and PC progression
Prostate carcinogenesis is mediated, as in other cancers, by the accumulation of genetic and epigenetic aberrations; these molecular changes can be inherited or be the result of altered AR transcriptional activity, changes in chromatin architecture, oncogenic replication, error-prone DNA repair, or defective cell division.
OLAPARIB CLINIAL TRIAL-TOPARP
TOPARP-A的临床II期试验
50名转移性CRPC接受了olaparib(400 mg,BID)治疗,之前患者 都接受过多西他赛治疗,有49人接受过阿比特龙或恩杂鲁胺治疗 ,而且有29人接受过卡巴他赛治疗。
主要研究终点:ORR。
疗效标准为:客观标准(RECIST 1.1)或PSA水平降低50%或血液中 CTC从≥5个/7.5ml血液降低到少于5个/7.5ml。
(A) DNA repair under normal conditions. Single strand breaks (SSBs) and double strand breaks (DSBs) are preferentially repaired by error -free mechanisms that include poly(ADP‐ribose) polymerase (PARP) and (BRCA)1/2, respectively. (B) Synthetic lethality of olaparib in BvRCA‐associated cancer cells. With both error‐free repair mechanisms blocked, DNA can only be repaired with more error‐prone repair mechanisms. The resulting build‐up of DSBs and erroneous DNA ultimately leads to cell death
16人(33%)对olaparib治疗有反应。Olaparib治疗阻止了前列腺 癌生长,导致PSA水平持久下降,血液中循环肿瘤细胞计数下降。 患者对该药物的持续反应时间为大于6个月。
最常见的AE贫血(10人,20%)和疲劳(6人,6%)。
TOPARP-A的临床II期试验
通过NGS,试验发现30%的mPC患者肿瘤DNA修复系统存在缺 陷(如BRCA1/2、ATM、CHEK2等基因缺失或突变)——这些 患者尤其对olaparib反应良好。
Genomic aberrations in the DNA damage repair pathway are common in PC,particularly in late-stage disease, and may be relevant for treatment stratification.
Further risk stratification using molecular features could potentially help distinguish indolent from aggressive prostate cancer.
Impact of DNA repair defects on clinical outcome in PC
The relevance of somatic loss of function of DNA repair genes in the treatment of CRPC is still not clear.
对 499例局灶性前列腺癌患者的分析显示,其 DNA 修复基因突变的频率 明显降低( 4.6% )。
综上所述,在研究人员的多中心研究中,转 移 性 前 列 腺 癌 患 者 中 DN A 修 复 基 因 突 变 频 率 为11.8% ,较局灶性前列腺癌患者明显增高, 并且与前列腺癌家族史及患者的诊断年龄无关。
综上所述在研究人员的多中心研究中转转移移性性前前列列腺腺癌癌患患者者中中dnaa修修复复基基因因突突变变频频率率为118较局灶性前列腺癌患者明显增高并且与前列腺癌家族史及患者的诊断年龄无关
前列腺癌的DNA修复缺陷及分子分型
郑州大学第一附属医院
➢ Olaparib ➢ DNA-Repair Defects in Prostate Cancer ➢ Molecular subtyping of prostate cancer ➢ Genomic hallmarks of prostate cancer
约翰霍普金斯大学的Dung T. Le教授在2015年的ACSO会议上报道了PD-1 抑制剂Keytruda的一个2期临床实验结果(NCT01876511)。
有意思的是和PARP抑制剂类似,40个受试者中,其中10个包括胃癌、小肠 癌、和卵巢癌有DNA错配修复缺陷患者的应答率高达71%。相反错配修复 功能完好的患者对Keytruda没有表现应答。
PARP抑制剂和抗PD-1抗体都对DNA缺陷患者敏感,能否将两者联合使用 或能显示协同效应,成为治疗这类患者的利器(比如DNA修复突变患者在 前列腺癌中占30%左右)。
利用基因组测序来检测携带特定可靶向突变的肿瘤治疗(也就是精准医学) 是将来发展的方向。
DNA-Repair Gene Mutions
Moreover, inherited mutations in other DNA repair genes such as PALB2, MLH1, MSH2, and PMS2 also appear to be associated with PC risk.
age at diagnosis and family history of PC did not identify the mutation carriers, although there was enrichment among patients with a family history of cancer.
The clinical behavior of localized prostate cancer is highly variable – while some men will have aggressive cancer leading to metastasis and death from the disease, many others will have indolent cancers that are cured with initial therapy or may be safely observed.
C.C. Pritchard,et al. Inherited DNA-Repair Gene Mutations in Men with Metastatic Prostate Cancer.N Engl J Med. 2016 Aug 4; 375(5): 443–453.
DNA-Repair Gene Mutions
OLAPARIB
PARP抑制剂的开发经历许多曲折,Olaparib是近半个世纪研究的产物。
研究表明PARPs可帮助修复DNA损伤。如果得不到修复,DNA双链断裂会 触发细胞死亡。抑制该酶的作用不太可能杀死健康细胞,因为健康细胞 拥有多条修复断裂DNA的信号通路。但癌细胞有时候会发生一些突变, 破坏其他类型的修复,使得它们尤其对PARP抑制敏感。因此,以这种机 制发挥作用的药物可在靶向癌细胞的同时,绕过健康细胞,避免了一些 毒副作用。
前列腺癌是男性常见肿瘤之一,在全球范围内,前列腺癌发病率在男性所有恶
性肿瘤中居第二位。虽然大多数前列腺癌患者是局部、可治愈的,但是每年全 世界仍有超过20万男性由于前列腺癌转移而死亡。在美国前列腺癌的发病率 已经超过肺癌,成为第一位危害男性健康的肿瘤。2016 年美国新增病例 180890 例,死亡病例约 26120 例。
Subgroup analysis confirmed gBRCA2 mutations as independent factor for poor prognosis .
DNA DAMAGE REPAIR MECHANISMS
DNA DAMAGE REPAIR MECHANISMS
OLAPARIB
Inherited mutations in DNA repair genes and PC risk
Hereditary germline mutations in DNA repair genes areassociated with a higher risk of PC
Germline mutations in BRCA2 increase the risk of developing PC (relative risk 8.6 in men <65 yr),
DNA-Repair Gene Mutions
分析了692例无法因家族易感性或诊断年龄选择的转移性前列腺癌患者, 应用全外显子序列或靶基因下游序列的多元分析方法,评估癌症易感相关的 20 个 DNA修复基因的突变情况。研究结果显示84 种DNA 突变在 8 2 例身上得到验证(11.8% )。在 84 例的基因突变中,截短突变为 79例,错义突变为 5 例。而突变的 16个基因中, BRCA2 所占 的比例最高(44% ),其次为 ATM( 13% )、 CHEK2 ( 12% )、 BRCA1 ( 7% )、 RADS1D ( 4% )、P ALB2 ( 4% )。
16名携带可检测DNA修复突变患者中,14人(14/16,88%)对 olaparib反应良好。大多数是mPC,其疾病控制时间比这组患者 预期的时间要长得多。全部7名BRCA2缺失(4名体细胞缺失,3 名胚系细胞突变)、5位ATM基因异常患者4位对治疗有反应。
这些结果促成启动临床试验TOPARP-B,让携带可检测DNA修复 突变的前列腺癌患者接受olaparib治疗。
In a series of more than 2000 patients with localized PC, including 61 BRCA2 and 18 BRCA1 mutation carriers, 23% of gBRCA1/2 mutation carriers developed metastasis after 5 yr of radical treatment, compared to 7% of noncarriers (p = 0.001). Causespecific survival was significantly shorter among carriers (8.6 yr) compared to noncarriers (15.7 yr).
DNA-Repair Gene Mutions
DNA-Repair Gene Mutions
Molecular Taxonomy of PC
基于Gleason评分、PSA水平、临床、病理分期所组成的风险级。
Molecular Taxonomy of PC
In the current era of PSA screening, nearly 90% of prostate cancers are clinically localized at the time of their diagnosis.
DNA repபைடு நூலகம்ir defects play a relevant role in carcinogenesis and PC progression
Prostate carcinogenesis is mediated, as in other cancers, by the accumulation of genetic and epigenetic aberrations; these molecular changes can be inherited or be the result of altered AR transcriptional activity, changes in chromatin architecture, oncogenic replication, error-prone DNA repair, or defective cell division.
OLAPARIB CLINIAL TRIAL-TOPARP
TOPARP-A的临床II期试验
50名转移性CRPC接受了olaparib(400 mg,BID)治疗,之前患者 都接受过多西他赛治疗,有49人接受过阿比特龙或恩杂鲁胺治疗 ,而且有29人接受过卡巴他赛治疗。
主要研究终点:ORR。
疗效标准为:客观标准(RECIST 1.1)或PSA水平降低50%或血液中 CTC从≥5个/7.5ml血液降低到少于5个/7.5ml。
(A) DNA repair under normal conditions. Single strand breaks (SSBs) and double strand breaks (DSBs) are preferentially repaired by error -free mechanisms that include poly(ADP‐ribose) polymerase (PARP) and (BRCA)1/2, respectively. (B) Synthetic lethality of olaparib in BvRCA‐associated cancer cells. With both error‐free repair mechanisms blocked, DNA can only be repaired with more error‐prone repair mechanisms. The resulting build‐up of DSBs and erroneous DNA ultimately leads to cell death
16人(33%)对olaparib治疗有反应。Olaparib治疗阻止了前列腺 癌生长,导致PSA水平持久下降,血液中循环肿瘤细胞计数下降。 患者对该药物的持续反应时间为大于6个月。
最常见的AE贫血(10人,20%)和疲劳(6人,6%)。
TOPARP-A的临床II期试验
通过NGS,试验发现30%的mPC患者肿瘤DNA修复系统存在缺 陷(如BRCA1/2、ATM、CHEK2等基因缺失或突变)——这些 患者尤其对olaparib反应良好。
Genomic aberrations in the DNA damage repair pathway are common in PC,particularly in late-stage disease, and may be relevant for treatment stratification.
Further risk stratification using molecular features could potentially help distinguish indolent from aggressive prostate cancer.
Impact of DNA repair defects on clinical outcome in PC
The relevance of somatic loss of function of DNA repair genes in the treatment of CRPC is still not clear.