Format Exchange in Dynamic Geometry
AutoCAD机械制图常用英语英文
AutoCAD机械制图常用英语英文2D Solid 二维实体3D Array 三维阵列3D Dynamic View 三维动态观察3d objects 三维物体3D Orbit 三维轨道3D Viewpoint 三维视点3dpoly 三维多段线3dsin 3DS 输入3DSolid 三维实体3dsout 3DS 输出abort 中断absolute coordinates 绝对座标abut 相邻accelerator key 快速键access 存取acisin ACIS 输入 ACIS 汇入acisout ACIS 输出 ACIS 汇出action 动作active 作用中adaptive sampling 最适取样add 加入Add a Printer 新增印表机Add mode 添加模式Add Plot Style Table 添加打印样式表Add Plotter 添加打印机Add to Favorites 增加我的最喜爱ADI ADI(Autodesk 设备接口)ADI (Autodesk 设备介面)adjacent 相邻Adjust 调整Adjust Area fill 调整区域填满AdLM (Autodesk License Manager) AdLM（Autodesk 许可管理器）Administration dialog box 管理对话方块Advanced Setup Wizard 进阶安装精灵Aerial View 鸟瞰视景affine calibration 关系校正alert 警告alias 别名aliasing 锯齿化align 对齐aligned dimension 对齐标注alignment 对齐allocate 配置Altitude 高度ambient color 环境颜色ambient light 环境光源angular dimension 角度标注angular unit 角度单位annotation 注解anonymous block 匿名图块anti-aliasing 消除锯齿aperture 锁点框apparent intersections 外观交点append 附加Application key 应用程式码appload 载入应用程式Apply 套用approximation points 近似点arc 弧Architectual Ticks 建筑斜线area 区域 ,面积Argument 引数Arrange icons 排列图示array 阵列arrowhead 箭头ASCII ASCII （美国标准信息交换码） ASCII aseadmin ASE 管理aseexport ASE 输出aselinks ASE 链接aserows ASE 行aseselect ASE 选择ASE 选取asesqled SQL 编辑ASE SQL 编辑器Aspect 纵横向间距aspect ratio 纵横比assign 指定Assist 辅助associative dimension 关联式标注associative hatches 关联式剖面线attach v. 贴附attdef 属性定义attdisp 属性显示attedit 属性编辑attenuation 衰减attenuation of light 光源衰减attext 属性萃取attredef 属性重新定义attribute definition 属性定义Attribute Display 属性显示attribute extraction file 属性萃取档attribute extraction template file 属性萃取样板档attribute prompt 属性提示attribute tag 属性标签attribute value 属性值audit 检核authorization code 授权码AutoCAD library search path AutoCAD 资源库搜寻路径autocommit 自动确定AutoTrack 自动追踪axis tripod 三向轴azimuth 方位Back Clipping On 后向剪裁打开back view 后视景background color 背景颜色backup 备份Backward 左右反向bad 不正确base 基点基准,底端,底部base dimension 基准标注基线式标注base grips 基准掣点base point 基准点baseline 基线式baseline dimension 基线式标注Basic color 基本颜色batch plotting 批次出图beam angles of spotlights 点光源光线角度Beep on Error 错误时发出哔声bevel 斜切beveling objects 斜切物件Bezier curve Bezier 曲线Big Font 大字体bind 并入bitmap 点阵图blend 混成blipmode 点记模式block 图块block definition 图块定义block reference 图块参考block table 图块表格bmpout BMP 汇出body 主体Boolean operation 布林运算borders 图框bottom view 下视景boundary 边界boundary sets 边界集bounding 边界框break (v.) 切断Bring Above Object 置于物件上方Bring to Top 置于最上方brower 浏览器built-in 内建bulge 凸度bump map 凸纹贴图button menu 按钮功能表BYBLOCK 随块BYLAYER 随层byte 位元组cabling 配线cal 校正calibrate 校正call 呼叫callback 回覆callback 回覆camera 照相机camera angle 相机角度Cancel 取消cap 封口cascade 重叠排列case 大小写cast 投射catalog 目录cell 储存格Center 中心center mark 中心点标记centerline 中心线centroid 矩心chamfer 倒角change 变更block 块图块block definition 块定义图块定义block reference 块参照图块参考block table 块表图块表格bmpout BMP 输出 BMP 汇出body 体主体Boolean operation 布尔运算布林运算borders 边框图框bottom view 仰视图下视景boundary 边界boundary sets 边界集bounding 边（框）边界框break (v.) 打断切断Bring Above Object 置于对象之上置于物件上方Bring to Top 顶置置于最上方brower 浏览器built-in 内置的内建bulge 凸度bump map 凹凸贴图凸纹贴图button menu 按钮菜单按钮功能表BYBLOCK 随块BYLAYER 随层byte 字节位元组cabling 电缆布线配线cal 计算器校正calibrate 校准校正call 调用呼叫callback 回调(for LISP) 回覆callback 回叫回覆camera 照相机camera angle 相机角度Cancel 取消cap 封口cascade 层叠（的）重叠排列case 大小写cast 投射catalog 目录cell 单元储存格Center 圆心中心center mark 圆心标记中心点标记centerline 中心线centroid 形心,质心矩心chamfer 倒角change 修改变更character 字符字元Check 检查Check Box 复选框勾选框Check Spelling 拼写检查拼字检查child dimension style 下级标注样式子标注型式chord 弦翼弦chprop 修改特性变更性质circle 圆circular external reference 循环外部参考Circumference 圆周class 类等级, 类别clause 子句Clean 清除清理clear 清除client 客户机用户端clip 剪裁截取Clipboard 剪贴簿clipping boundaries 剪裁边界截取边界clipping planes 剪裁平面截取平面Close 关闭(用于档案),闭合(用于边界,线,面域) cluster 组丛集code pages 代码页字码页color 颜色著色color depth 颜色深度color map 色表颜色对映Color Wheel 颜色轮盘色轮color-dependent 颜色相关Color-Dependent Plot Style Table 颜色相关打印样式表dangle 不固定的悬挂Dark Color 暗色dash 虚线data integrity 数据完整性资料完整性database 数据库资料库datum 基准基准面datum axis 基准轴datum dimension 基准标注datum identifier 基准识别字datum reference frames 基准参考框架基准参考框datum reference letters 基准参考字母基准参考文字dbConnect 数据库连接资料库连结dbConnect Manager 数据库连接管理器dblist 数据库列表资料库列示DBMS drivers DBMS 驱动资料库管理系统 (DBMS) ddattdef 属性定义对话框动态属性定义ddatte 属性编辑对话框动态属性编辑ddattext 属性提取对话框动态属性萃取ddcolor 颜色对话框动态颜色设定ddedit 文字编辑对话框编辑文字与属性定义ddgrips 夹点对话框动态掣点设定ddim 标注设置对话框标注设定ddinsert 插入对话框图块插入ddmodify 图元编辑对话框动态修改ddptype 点类型对话框点型式ddrename 重命名对话框动态更名ddrmodes 绘图模式对话框绘图设定ddselect 对象选择对话框动态选取设定dducs UCS 对话框dducsp UCS 方向对话框ddunits 单位对话框动态单位设定ddview 视图对话框动态视景ddvpoint 视点对话框动态检视点deactivate 释放停用dealer 经销商经销商decal effect 修剪效果除去杂质效果decimal dimensions 十进制标注十进位标注decurve 非曲线化直线化default 缺省预设值,预设default drawing 缺省图形预设图面definition point 定义点Degenerate 退化delay 延迟delete 删除DELta 增量差值demand loading 按需加载应要求载入dependent symbols 依赖符号deployment 展开布署Depth Map 深度贴图深度贴图derive 导出description 说明描述Design Center 设计中心detach 分离Detection 侦测deviation 极限偏差偏差deviation tolerances 极限公差偏差公差device 设备Device and Default Selection 设备和默认选择设备和预设值选取Dia 直径diameter 直径（标注）直径dictionary 词典字典diffuse color 漫射颜色digitizer 数字化仪数位板digitizing puck 数字化仪游标数位化指向器dim 标注标注dimaligned 对齐标注对齐式标注dimangular 角度标注角度标注dimbaseline 标注基线基线式标注dimcenter 圆心标注中心点标注dimcontinue 连续式标注dimdiameter 直径标注dimedit 标注编辑dimension 标注dimension definition points 标注定义点dimension format 标注格式dimension geometry 构成要素标注几何dimension line arc 尺寸线圆弧标注线弧dimension properties 标注特性标注性质dimension scale 标注比例dimension style 标注型式dimension style families 标注样式族标注型式家族dimension style name 标注样式名标注型式名称dimension style overrides 标注样式替代标注型式取代dimension text 标注文字dimension units 标注单位dimension variables 标注变量标注变数dimlinear 线性标注dimordinate 坐标标注座标式标注dimoverride 标注取代dimradius 半径标注dimstyle 标注型式dimtedit 标注文字编辑Direct Hatch 直接填充直接剖面Direction Control 方向控制Directory 目录Disable 禁用取消,停用discard 舍弃Discontinued 取消,停用dish 下半球面圆碟disk space 磁盘空间磁碟空间displacement point 位移点位移点display 显示显示器, 显示, 显示画面Display Order 显示顺序dist 距离distant light 平行光远光源distributing 分布分散式dithering 抖动递色diverge 分散的Divide 等分Division 等分分割,除法dock(undock) 固定（浮动）固定document 文档文件dome 上半球面圆顶donut 环Draft 草图drafting standards 制图标准drafting techniques制图技巧drag and drop 拖放draw 绘制/绘图 (如果后面未接宾语) 绘图drawing 图面,图档Drawing Aids 绘图辅助工具绘图辅助drawing area 绘图区drawing boundaries 图面边界drawing browser 图面浏览器drawing database 图形资料库drawing environment 绘图环境drawing extents 图形范围图面实际范围drawing file 图形文件图档drawing limits 图形界限图面范围drawing order 图形次序绘图顺序drawing project 图形项目绘图专案drawing scale 图面比例drawing standard 图面标准drawing status 图面状态drawing time 绘图时间drawing units 图形单位图面单位driver 驱动程式Dropdown List 下拉式列示dsviewer 鸟瞰视景dtext 动态文字dump 倾出duplicate 重复的dview 动态检视dxbin DXB 汇入dxfin DXF 汇入dxfout DXF 汇出Dynamic 动态Dynamic Dragging 动态拖曳Dynamic Update 动态更新dynamic viewing 动态检视dynamic zooming 动态缩放edge 边缘Edge Surface 边缘曲面edgesurf 边缘曲面editor 编辑器EDUCATION VERSION 教育版effect 效果Element 元素elev 高程elevation 高程ellipse 椭圆embed 嵌入Encapsulated 封装 end 端点结束,终点end angle 结束角度end tangent 结束切点end width 结束宽度Ending 端点English units 英制ENTER ENTER 输入entity 图元entry 资料项environment 环境environment variable 环境变数equation 方程式erase 删除existing 既有的Exit 结束export 汇出expression 表示式extend 延伸extend 超出量（用于标注）延伸extension line 延伸线Extent(s) 实际范围external data 外部资料external database 外部资料库External Reference 外部参考Extract 萃取extrude 挤出face 面facet 产生刻面factor 因子(see Scale Factor) 系数fade 渐层falloff angle 衰退角度Fast Zoom mode 快速缩放模式fatal 致命错误Favorites 我的最爱feature 特征fence 栏选field 栏位file 档案fill 填实Filled Text 文字填实(用于填实线条、实体或实面) Filmroll Filmroll 胶卷filter 过滤器find 寻找工具finish 修饰finish 修饰fit 布满（用于预览时，布满视窗或图纸）fit points 拟合点flag 旗标Flat Shaded, Edges on 带边框平淡着色flat-shaded （平淡）着色floating viewports 浮动视埠flood 大量Flyout Properties 图示列性质fog 雾fold 折痕Follow 自动平面视景font 字体font map file 字体对映档form tolerance 成型公差formatting text 格式化文字frame 画格free-form 自由形式freehand line 手绘线Freeplotting 自由出图freeze 冻结freezing layers 冻结图层From 自Front Clipping On 前向剪裁打开front view 主视图前视景Full Preview 完整预览General 一般generate 产生geometric characteristic symbols 几何特性符号Geometric Tolerance 几何公差geometry 几何图形global 整体Gradient 渐层Grads 分度graphic area 图形区graphics cursor 图形游标graphics screen 图形萤幕graphics window 图形视窗graphscr 图形萤幕gray 灰阶grid 格点grid 格点grid mode 格点模式grip 掣点group 群组group code 群组码Haltftoning 半色调handle 处理码 (用于性质对话方块) handshaking 交握Hardcopy 硬体复制,硬本hardware linetype 硬体线型hardware lock 硬体锁hardware requirement 硬体需求hatch 剖面线hatch areas 剖面区域hatch boundaries 剖面边界hatch pattern 剖面线样式hatch styles 剖面样式hatchedit 剖面线编辑Heads-up Design 抬头设计Height 高度help 说明Hidden Line 隐藏线hidden-line image 隐藏线影像hide 隐藏(hide 消隐hideplot 隐藏出图highlight 亮显highlight 亮光HIGHLIGHT 亮显home page 首页home position 归位点hook line 钩线hotspot 聚光点Hyperlink 超级链接Icon 图示Identifier 标识符IGES (International Graphics Exchange Specification) 基本图形交换规格Ignore 忽略image 影像implement 实施import 汇入Imprint 盖印included angle 夹角infinite lines 无限长直线information 资讯Inherit Properties 继承性质initial environment 初始环境Initialize 起始设定in-place 现地inquiry 查询inscribed polygons 内接多边形insert 插入Insertion 插入点insertobj 插入物件instance 实例Instruction 指示integer 整数IntelliMouse 智慧型滑鼠Intensity 强度interactive 互动式Interchange 交替interface 介面interfere 干涉interlace 交错internal 内部Internet Utilities Internet 网际网路公用程式interpolation points 内插点intersect 交集interval 间隔时间Invalid 无效inverse linear attenuation of light 光线的线性反比衰减inverse square attenuation of light 光线的平方反比衰减Invisible 不可见invoke 呼叫island 孤立物件Island detection 侦测孤立物件ISO (International Standards Organization) ISO(国际标准化组织) Isolation levels 隔离层次isoline 等角线isometric 等角isometric snap style 等角锁点型式isometric view 等轴测视图等角视景isoplane 等角平面Italic 斜体iterator 枚举器重述子join 结合joint 接合线Justification 对正方式justify 对正key 主键key n.名称主键knot vector 节点矢量label 标签landscape 横式Landscape 配景，风景Landscape Edit 编辑配景Landscape Library 配景库景物图库lateral tolerance symbol 侧向公差符号layer index 图层索引Layout 配置Layout from Template 来自样板的布局Layout Wizard 布局向导leader 引线Leading 前导Learning Assistance 学习助理Left View 左视景legacy 旧式length 长度lengthen 调整长度Lens Length 镜头长度License Agreement 授权合约license key 授权码License Manager 授权管理员License Server 授权伺服器licenses 授权light 光源light color 浅色Light Color 亮色lighting 照明Lightness 亮度limits 范围,图面范围line 直线线line font 线字体line object 线物件line segment 线段line width 线宽Linear Dimension 线性标注linetype 线型Lineweight 线宽link 连结list 串列list 串列list box 列示框List Files 文件列表load 载入locale 本地location 网址location 位置locked 锁定locked layer 锁定图层logfileoff 关闭记录档logfileon 打开日志文件logical 逻辑的long file name 长档名loop 回路ltscale 线型比例LTSCALE 线型比例Ltype 线型lump 小块magnet 磁铁magnification 倍率magnifying glass 放大境main window 主视窗major axis 长轴Make 制作malformed 畸形的Manipulate 管理Manufacture 制造商mapper 贴图mapping 贴图,对映marble 大理石mark 标记massprop 质量性质match 相符material condition 材质条件material condition symbols 材质条件符号Materials 材质Materials Library 材质库matlib 材质库measure 测量measure 测量Measurement 测量结果MEASUREMENT 测量结果member 成员memory 记忆体menu 功能表menu bar 功能表列menuload 自订功能表Merge 合并message 讯息metafile 中继档Method 方法 (用于物件导向程式观念) Middle 中央Middle Center 正中Midpoint 中点minsert 插入图块阵列mirror 镜射mirror line 镜射线mirror3d 三维镜像Miscellaneous File Names 其它档名Miter 斜接mledit 复线编辑mline 复线mlstyle 复线型式mode 模式model 模型model space 模型空间Modification 修改monitor resolution 萤幕解析度monochrome 单色mouse 滑鼠move 移动mslide 制作幻灯片mspace 模型空间mtext 多行文字Multiline 复线multiline scale 复线比例Multiline Style 复线型式mview 多重视埠mvsetup 多重视埠设定named object 具名物件named plot style table 具名的出图型式表Named UCS 命名named view 具名的视景NE Isometric 东北等角NE Isometric 东北等角Nearest 最近点nested 巢状式nested blocks 巢状式图块new 开新档案New Layout 新建布局NURB surfaces NURBS（非一致有理 B 样条曲线）NURBS 曲面NW Isometric 西北等角NW Isometric 西北等角object 对象Object Properties 对象特性Object Properties Manager 对象特性管理器 Object Snap 对象捕捉object snap override 对象捕捉覆盖Object Snap Setting 对象捕捉设置objects 对象物件Oblique 斜尺寸界线倾斜obsolete 废弃旧式ODBC database ODBC数据库offset 偏移OLE OLE（对象链接和嵌入）物件连接与嵌入 (OLE)olelinks OLE链接 OLE 连结online help 联机帮助线上说明online manuals 联机手册线上手册oops 恢复取消删除opacity map 不透明贴图open 打开开启 (大部分用于档案)OPM(Object Property Manager) 对象特性管理器Optimization 优化最佳化option 选项Orbit 轨道动态, 动态检视Ordinate 坐标标注座标式orientation 方向方位origin 原点（对于坐标系）origin 原始位置(used for external Datebase) 原点origin 起点（对于尺寸界线和标注）原点ortho 正交Ortho mode 正交模式orthogonal 正交正交的orthographic 正交正投影osnap 对象捕捉物件锁点outside 外部的外侧 (用于文字位置)overall dimension scale 全局比例整体标注比例overflow 溢出高溢 (相对于 underflow),溢位overlay 覆盖覆叠overline 上划线顶线override 忽略 - For common sentences 取代override 替代 - For dimension 取代overwrite 覆盖取代Palette 控制板选盘Palette 调色板选盘pan 平移pane 窗格paper space 图纸空间parameter 参数parent dimension style 上级标注样式父系标注型式parse 分析Partial 部分局部Partial Load 部分加载局部载入password 口令密码Paste Special 选择性粘贴pasteclip 粘贴贴上截取pastespec 选择性粘贴选择性贴上path 路径路径pedit 多段线编辑聚合线编辑pen plotters 笔式绘图仪笔式绘图机pen speed 笔速pen width 笔宽Perfomance 性能效能perimeter 周长personalization 个人化pface 复合面聚合面Phong shading Phong 着色描影Photo Raytrace renderer 照片级光线跟踪渲染光线追踪相片彩现Photo Real renderer 照片级真实感渲染真实相片彩现photo realistic rendering 照片级真实感渲染相片质感彩现pick button 拾取键点选钮pickbox 拾取框PICKFIRST 选择优先先点选picture 图片pixel 像素placeholder 占位符定位器plan 平面图平面plan view 平面视图平面视景planar projection 平面投影pline 多段线聚合线plot 打印出图Plot Configuration 打印配置出图规划plot files 打印文件出图档plot rotation 打印旋转出图旋转plot spooling 打印假脱机出图伫列Plot Style Manager 打印样式管理器plot style table 打印样式表出图型式表plotter 绘图仪plotter linetype 绘图仪线型Plotter Manager 打印机管理器Point Filters 点过滤point marker 点标记Point Sample 点采样取样点Point Style 点样式pointer 指针pointing device 定点设备指向设备polar array 环形阵列polar coordinate 极坐标polar tracking 极轴追踪极座标追踪polar tracking 极轴追踪极座标追踪polyface meshes 多面网格聚合面网面polygon 正多边形polygon 多边形polygon meshes 多边形网格多边形网面polygon window 多边形窗口多边形视窗polygonal clipping boundaries 多边形剪切边界polyline 多段线聚合线polyline clipping boundaries 多段线裁剪边界聚合线截取边界polyline segments 多段线线段聚合线线段polymesh 多边形网格聚合网面popup 弹出弹出Popup List 弹出列表弹出列示port 端口埠Portrait 肖像直式Portrait 纵向，if used for paper layout 直式positional tolerances 位置公差位置公差precision 精度精确度predefine 预定义事先定义的preferences 系统配置环境设定Preferences dialog box 系统配置对话框「环境设定」对话方块preview 打印预览预览primitive 原型基本原件Priority 优先级priviledge 特权专用权Procedural material 过程化材质程序材质process 处理程序Profile 配置/剖面(图) 轮廓program (v.) 编程程式Projected tolerance zone 投影公差带Projected tolerances 投影公差prompt 提示Properties 特性内容Property painter 特性刷性质复制器Protocal 协议通讯协定prototype 原型proxy 代理proxy fonts 代理字体代理字型pull down menu 下拉菜单下拉功能表purge 清理pyramid 棱锥面三角锥体QDIM 快速标注qsave 快存快速存档qtext 快速文字Quadratic 二次quality 质量品质Quick Tour 快速指南快速导览radian 弧度弪度Radio Button 单选钮圆钮radius 半径raster file format 光栅文件格式网格档案格式Raster Image 光栅图像网格式影像raster image boundaries 光栅图像边界网格式影像边界ray 射线光线Ray Casting 射线法raytraced renderer 光线跟踪渲染光线追踪彩现raytraced shadows 光线跟踪阴影光线追踪阴影read 读取Realtime 实时即时模式rectang 矩形矩形recursion 递归Redefine 重定义redo 重做redraw 重画redrawall 全重画reference 引用参考reference 参照reference angles 参考角reference point 参考点refine 精度控制精细化reflection color 反射色reflection mapping 反射贴图refractive index 折射指数refresh 刷新更新regen 重生成regenall 全重生成regenauto 自动重生成regenerate 重生成重生regeneration 重生成重生region 面域registry 注册表登录reinit 重初始化reinstall 重新安装relative angles 相对角相对角度relative coordinates 相对坐标release 版本Reload 重新载入remove 删除rename 重命名更名render 渲染彩现renderer 渲染程序彩现程式Replace 替换取代replay 重放Requirement 需求reset 重置resizing 改变大小重新调整尺寸resolution 融入解析度resolution 分辨率解析度restore 恢复取回resume 恢复执行Retain 保留return button 回车键revert 复原恢复原状revolve 旋转回转revsurf 旋转曲面回转曲面ridge 棱脊线Right-Angle 直角rmat 材质彩现材质rollback 回卷溯回root point 原点根点rotate 旋转rotate3d 旋转 3ＤRotation 旋转routine 例行程序常式Rows dialog box “行”对话框列对话方块rpref 渲染选项彩现环境设定rscript 重复执行重新执行脚本rubber-band line 拖引线伸缩线rulesurf 直纹曲面规则曲面Run Script 运行脚本执行脚本running object snap 执行对象捕捉常驻式「物件锁点」running override 整体替代runout 跳动偏转度sample 样例取样Saturation 饱和度save 保存Save back 存回saveas 另存为saveimg 保存图像scale 比例缩放，（缩放）比例 if used as noun 调整比例, 比例scale factor 比例因子比例系数Scaled to Fit 按图纸空间缩放调整比例到布满scan 扫描Scatter 散布图散量scene 场景schema 模式纲要screen 屏幕script 脚本script files 脚本文件scroll bar 滚动条卷动轴SDI(MDI) 单文档界面(多文档界面)SE Isometric 东南等轴测东南等角Search for Help on 搜索帮助寻找辅助说明主题section 区域，部分，节（相对于章节）剖面section 截面剖面see 参见segment 段，线段区段select 选择select all 全选Select object 对象选择选取物件selectable 可选择的可选取selection 选择集，选择选取,选项 (作名词用)selection sets 选择集Separate 分割分隔,个别的Serial number 序号session 任务阶段作业set 设置(v)，集合(n) 设定setting 设置设定shade 着色，灰度(用于单色 Gray ) 描影shader 着色程序描影程式shadow map 阴影贴图shape 造型Sharpness 尖锐度鲜明度sheet 表，板(for ACIS only) 图纸Shell 抽壳薄壳shell SHELL 薄壳Shell 抽壳薄壳shortcut 快捷键快显show 显示展示Silhouette 轮廓剪影Single Face 单一表面单面single-pen plotter 单笔式绘图仪单笔绘图机size 数目尺寸sizing 调整大小调整尺寸sketch 徒手画徒手描绘slice 剖切面(as n.) 切割面slice 剖切切割面slide 幻灯片slide libraries 幻灯库幻灯片库smooth shading 平滑着色平滑描影smoothing angle 平滑角度平滑角度snap 捕捉锁点snap angle 捕捉角度锁点角度snap grid 捕捉栅格锁点格点Snap mode 捕捉模式锁点模式snap resolution 捕捉分辨率锁点解析度SnapTips 捕捉提示锁点提示solid 填充实体, 2D 实面solid (二维)填充/(三维)实体实体, 2D 实面Solid Fill 实面填实solid modeler 实体建模实体模型器solids 实体, 3D 实体sorting 排序source applications 源文件source point 源点来源点space 空间spacing 间距Special Edit 特定编辑specific 指定（的）特定的specific 特有的特定的specify 指定specular reflection 镜面反射（高光）镜面反射Spelling 拼写检查拼字sphere 球面圆球体spherical projection 球面投影spline 样条曲线云形线spline frame 样条曲线框架云形线架构splinedit 样条编辑云形线编辑Split 拆分分割spooler 缓冲（文件）排存器spotlight angles 聚光灯角度stack 堆栈堆叠stacked text 叠式文本堆叠文字stamp 戳记Standard 标准Start 起点启动start angle 起点角度起始角度start tangent 起点切向起始切点Start Up dialog box “启动”对话框「启动」对话方块starting 起始statements 状态说明叙述,. 声明, 陈述式statistics 统计信息统计值stats 统计统计值status 状态stlout STL 输出汇出Stochastic 随机推测Stone Color 石质颜色straighten 拉直stretch 拉伸Strikeout Maybe 删去删除线style 样式字型substitute 替换subtract 差集减去Suffix 后缀字尾support directory 支持目录support files 支持文件支援档suppress 禁止抑制surface 曲面表面SW Isometric 西南等轴测西南等角swap file 交换文件置换档swatch 样本sweep 延伸扫掠switch 切换开关swivel 旋转sym 符号符号symbol set 符号集symbol table 符号表Symmetrical 对称Synchronize 同步system requirements 系统需求system variables 系统变量syswindows 系统窗口tab 附签table 表表格tablet 数字化仪数位板tabsurf 平移曲面板展曲面tabulated surface 平移曲面板展曲面Tag 标记标签tangent a. 相切（的）n. 切线切点tangential 相切Taper Faces 倾斜面锥形面tapered polyline segments 锥状多段线线段锥状聚合线段tapering 锥状target 目标（点、对象）目标target box 靶框目标框template drawing 样板图样板图面temporary files 临时文件暂存档terminate 终止tessellation lines 素线镶嵌线tesslated text 嵌花文字Test 测试tetrahedron 四面体text 文字，sometimes 文本text color 文字色text control codes 文字控制代码text editor 文本编辑器text fonts 字体text height 字高text justification 文字对齐text properties 文字特性text style 文字样式textscr 文本屏Textual 文本（的）文字texture map 纹理贴图材质贴图thaw 解冻thickness 厚度threshold 阈（值）临界值thumbnail 略图thumbnail preview image 略图预览图像缩图预览影像Tick 标记短斜线tilde 波浪符号 (~)tile horizontal 水平平铺非重叠水平式tile vertical 垂直平铺tiled viewports 平铺视口非重叠视埠tilemode 平铺模式非重叠模式time 时间Timeout 超时title block 标题栏toggle 开关，切换token 记号tolerance 公差toolbar 工具列top view 俯顶视图上视景topology 拓扑结构拓朴toroidal 环形圆环形torus 圆环（体/面）圆环体trace 宽线追踪,等宽线Trailing 后续结尾transform 变换转换Translation 平移转译Transparency 透明度transparent 图像透明度透通式transparent command 透明命令透通指令Tree View 树状图treestat 树构状态triangle 三角形trim 修剪tripod 三向轴trunctuate 截短截断tube 管，圆管Turbulence 扰动乱流tutorials 教程导览Twist 扭曲扭转Type 类型键入ucsicon UCS 图标undefine 命令取消取消定义underflow 下溢低溢underline 下划线底线undo 放弃复原Unhide 显示取消隐藏uninstall 删除安装union 并集联集Unload 卸载释放unnamed blocks 无名块未具名块updating 更新Upside Down 倒置上下颠倒user coordinate system 用户坐标系使用者座标系统 (UCS) Validation 校验variable 变量vector 矢量vertex 顶点vertical dimension 垂直标注vertices 顶点video display 视频播放视频显示器view 视图视景View Aligned 对齐浏览viewpoint 视点检视点viewport 视口视埠viewport configuration 视口配置视埠规划viewres 显示精度视景解析度virtual screen display 虚屏显示虚拟萤幕显示visibility 可见性volumetric shadows 体积阴影vplayer 视口图层视埠图层控制vpoint 设置视点检视点vports 多视口视埠vslide 观看幻灯检视幻灯片warning 警告wblock 写块制作图块wedge 楔体表面楔形体Weight 权值weld 接合What’s new 新特性新增功能Width 宽度Window 窗口window polygon 窗口多边形多边形窗选wire 连线线素wireframe model 线框模型线架构模型word wrap 词语换行working drawing 工作图面World Coordinate System (WCS) 世界坐标系世界座标系统xbind 外部参照绑定外部并入Xdata 外部数据延伸资料xline 参照线建构线xplode 分解炸开xref 外部参照Xref Log 外部参照记录文件外部参考记录xref-dependent layer 依赖外部参照的图层xrefs (external references) 外部参照外部参考zoom 缩放Zoom limits 图限缩放缩放范围Zoom Previous 缩放到上次缩放前次Zoom window 按窗口，按作图区缩放缩放窗选。
AutoCAD机械制图英语词汇
AutoCAD机械制图英语词汇tab 附签标签table 表表格tablet 数字化仪数位板tabsurf 平移曲面板展曲面tabulated surface 平移曲面板展曲面 Tag 标记标签tangent a. 相切（的）n. 切线切点tangential 相切相切Taper Faces 倾斜面锥形面Taper Faces 倾斜面锥形面tapered polyline segments 锥状多段线线段锥状聚合线段tapering 锥状锥形target 目标（点、对象）目标target box 靶框目标框template drawing 样板图样板图面temporary files 临时文件暂存档terminate 终止终止tessellation lines 素线镶嵌线tesslated text 嵌花文字Test 测试测试tetrahedron 四面体四面体text 文字，sometimes 文本文字text color 文字色文字颜色text control codes 文字控制代码文字控制码text editor 文本编辑器文字编辑器text fonts 字体字体text height 字高文字高度text justification 文字对齐文字对正text properties 文字特性文字性质text style 文字样式字型textscr 文本屏文字萤幕Textual 文本（的）文字texture map 纹理贴图材质贴图thaw 解冻解冻thickness 厚度厚度threshold 阈（值）临界值thumbnail 略图thumbnail preview image 略图预览图像缩图预览影像Tick 标记短斜线tilde 波浪号波浪符号 (~)tile horizontal 水平平铺非重叠水平式tile vertical 垂直平铺tiled viewports 平铺视口非重叠视埠tilemode 平铺模式非重叠模式tilemode 平铺模式非重叠模式time 时间时间Timeout 超时逾时title block 标题栏标题栏toggle 开关，切换切换token 标记记号tolerance 公差公差toolbar 工具栏工具列top view 俯顶视图上视景topology 拓扑结构拓朴toroidal 环形圆环形torus 圆环（体/面）圆环体trace 宽线追踪,等宽线Trace 跟踪追踪,等宽线Trailing 后续结尾transform 变换转换Translation 平移转译Transparency 透明透明度transparent 图像透明度透通式transparent command 透明命令透通指令Tree View 树状图treestat 树状结构树构状态triangle 三角形三角形trim 修剪修剪tripod 三轴架三向轴trunctuate 截短截断tube 管，圆管圆管Turbulence 扰动乱流tutorials 教程导览Twist 扭曲扭转Type 类型键入ucsicon UCS 图标 USC 图示UCSICON UCS 图标 USC 图示undefine 命令取消取消定义underflow 下溢低溢underline 下划线底线undo 放弃复原Unhide 显示取消隐藏Unhide 显示取消隐藏uninstall 删除安装解除安装union 并集联集Unload 卸载释放unnamed blocks 无名块未具名块updating 更新更新Upside Down 倒置上下颠倒user coordinate system 用户坐标系使用者座标系统 (UCS)Validation 校验检验variable 变量变数vector 矢量向量Vein Color 纹理颜色纹路颜色vertex 顶点顶点vertical dimension 垂直标注垂直标注vertices 顶点顶点video display 视频播放视频显示器view 视图视景View Aligned 对齐浏览对齐视景viewpoint 视点检视点viewport 视口视埠viewport configuration 视口配置视埠规划viewres 显示精度视景解析度virtual screen display 虚屏显示虚拟萤幕显示visibility 可见性可见性volumetric shadows 体积阴影体积阴影vplayer 视口图层视埠图层控制vpoint 设置视点检视点vports 多视口视埠vslide 观看幻灯检视幻灯片warning 警告警告wblock 写块制作图块wedge 楔体表面楔形体Weight 权值权值weld 接合接合What's new 新特性新增功能Width 宽度宽度Window 窗口窗选window polygon 窗口多边形多边形窗选wire 连线线素wireframe model 线框模型线架构模型word wrap 词语换行文字折行working drawing 工作图形工作图面World Coordinate System (WCS) 世界坐标系世界座标系统xbind 外部参照绑定外部并入Xdata 外部数据延伸资料xline 参照线建构线xplode 分解炸开xref 外部参照外部参考Xref Log 外部参照记录文件外部参考记录xref-dependent layer 依赖外部参照的图层xref-dependent layer 依赖外部参照的图层xrefs (external references) 外部参照外部参考zoom 缩放缩放Zoom limits 图限缩放缩放范围 Zoom Previous 缩放到上次缩放前次dangle 不固定的悬挂Dark Color 暗色暗色dash 虚线虚线data integrity 数据完整性资料完整性database 数据库资料库datum 基准基准面datum axis 基准轴基准轴datum dimension 基准标注基准标注datum identifier 基准标识基准识别字datum reference frames 基准参考框架基准参考框datum reference letters 基准参考字母基准参考文字dbConnect 数据库连接资料库连结dbConnect Manager 数据库连接管理器dblist 数据库列表资料库列示DBMS drivers DBMS 驱动资料库管理系统(DBMS)ddattdef 属性定义对话框动态属性定义ddatte 属性编辑对话框动态属性编辑ddattext 属性提取对话框动态属性萃取ddcolor 颜色对话框动态颜色设定ddedit 文字编辑对话框编辑文字与属性定义ddgrips 夹点对话框动态掣点设定ddim 标注设置对话框标注设定ddinsert 插入对话框图块插入ddmodify 图元编辑对话框动态修改ddptype 点类型对话框点型式ddrename 重命名对话框动态更名ddrmodes 绘图模式对话框绘图设定ddselect 对象选择对话框动态选取设定dducs UCS 对话框动态UCS 设定dducsp UCS 方向对话框动态UCS 预设ddunits 单位对话框动态单位设定ddview 视图对话框动态视景ddvpoint 视点对话框动态检视点deactivate 释放停用dealer 经销商经销商decal effect 修剪效果除去杂质效果decimal dimensions 十进制标注十进位标注decurve 非曲线化直线化default 缺省预设值,预设default drawing 缺省图形预设图面default drawing 缺省图形预设图面definition point 定义点定义点Degenerate 退化退化delay 延迟延迟delete 删除删除DELta 增量差值demand loading 按需加载应要求载入dependent symbols 依赖符号deployment 展开布署Depth Map 深度贴图深度贴图derive 导出导出description 说明描述Design Center 设计中心设计中心detach 拆离分离Detection 检测侦测deviation 极限偏差偏差deviation tolerances 极限公差偏差公差device 设备设备device 设备设备Device and Default Selection 设备和默认选择设备和预设值选取Dia 直径直径diameter 直径（标注）直径dictionary 词典字典diffuse color 漫射色漫射颜色digitizer 数字化仪数位板digitizing puck 数字化仪游标数位化指向器digitizing puck 数字化仪游标数位化指向器dim 标注标注dimaligned 对齐标注对齐式标注dimangular 角度标注角度标注dimbaseline 标注基线基线式标注dimcenter 圆心标注中心点标注dimcontinue 连续标注连续式标注dimdiameter 直径标注直径标注dimedit 标注编辑标注编辑dimension 标注标注dimension definition points 标注定义点标注定义点dimension format 标注格式标注格式dimension geometry 构成要素标注几何dimension line arc 尺寸线圆弧标注线弧dimension properties 标注特性标注性质dimension scale 标注比例标注比例dimension style 标注样式标注型式dimension style families 标注样式族标注型式家族dimension style name 标注样式名标注型式名称dimension style overrides 标注样式替代标注型式取代dimension text 标注文字标注文字dimension units 标注单位标注单位dimension variables 标注变量标注变数dimlinear 线性标注线性标注dimordinate 坐标标注座标式标注dimoverride 标注替代标注取代dimradius 半径标注半径标注dimstyle 标注样式标注型式dimtedit 标注文字编辑标注文字编辑Direct Hatch 直接填充直接剖面Direction Control 方向控制方向控制Directory 目录目录Disable 禁用取消,停用discard 放弃舍弃Discontinued 停止使用的取消,停用dish 下半球面圆碟disk space 磁盘空间磁碟空间displacement point 位移点位移点display 显示显示器, 显示, 显示画面Display Order 显示次序显示顺序dist 距离距离distant light 平行光远光源distributing 分布分散式dithering 抖动递色diverge 分散的分散的Divide 等分等分divide 等分等分Division 等分分割,除法dock(undock) 固定（浮动）固定document 文档文件dome 上半球面圆顶donut 园环环Draft 草图草图drafting standards 绘图标准制图标准drafting techniques 绘图技术制图技巧drag and drop 拖放拖放draw 绘制/绘图(如果后面未接宾语) 绘图drawing 图形图面,图档Drawing Aids 绘图辅助工具绘图辅助drawing area 绘图区域绘图区drawing boundaries 图形边界图面边界drawing browser 图形浏览器图面浏览器drawing database 图形数据库图形资料库drawing environment 图形环境绘图环境drawing extents 图形范围图面实际范围drawing file 图形文件图档drawing limits 图形界限图面范围drawing order 图形次序绘图顺序drawing project 图形项目绘图专案drawing scale 图形比例图面比例drawing standard 图形标准图面标准drawing status 图形状态图面状态drawing time 绘图时间绘图时间drawing units 图形单位图面单位driver 驱动程序驱动程式Dropdown List 下拉列表下拉式列示dsviewer 鸟瞰视图鸟瞰视景dtext 动态文本动态文字dump 转储倾出duplicate 重复重复的duplicating 复制复制dview 动态观察动态检视dxbin DXB输入DXB 汇入dxfin DXF输入DXF 汇入dxfout DXF输出DXF 汇出Dynamic 动态动态Dynamic Dragging 动态拖动动态拖曳Dynamic Update 动态更新动态更新dynamic viewing 动态观察动态检视dynamic zooming 动态缩放动态缩放edge 边边缘Edge Surface 边界曲面边缘曲面edgesurf 边界曲面边缘曲面editor 编辑器编辑器EDUCATION VERSION 教学版教育版effect 效果效果Element 元素元素elev 标高高程elevation 标高高程ellipse 椭圆椭圆embed 内嵌，嵌入嵌入Encapsulated 封装See also EPS 压缩end 端点结束,终点end angle 端点角度结束角度end tangent 端点切向结束切点end width 端点宽度结束宽度Ending 终止端点English units 英制单位英制ENTER ENTER（输入）输入entity 图元元件. 图元entry 条目资料项environment 环境环境environment variable 环境变量环境变数equation 方程式方程式erase 删除删除existing 现有的既有的Exit 退出结束export 输出汇出expression 表达式表示式extend 扩展延伸extend 延伸，超出量（用于标注）延伸extension line 尺寸界线延伸线Extent(s) 范围实际范围external data 外部数据外部资料external database 外部数据库外部资料库External Reference 外部参照外部参考Extract 选集萃取extrude 拉伸挤出face 面面facet 镶嵌面产生刻面factor 因子(see Scale Factor) 系数fade 褪色度渐层falloff angle 收缩角衰退角度Fast Zoom mode 快速缩放模式快速缩放模式fatal 致命错误致命错误Favorites 收藏夹我的最爱Favorites 收藏夹我的最爱feature 功能/（几何）特征特征fence 栏选(See also Selection fence) 篱选field 字段栏位file 文件档案fill 填充填实Filled Text 填充文字文字填实(用于填实线条、实体或实面)Filmroll Filmroll 胶卷filter 过滤器过滤器find 查找寻找工具finish 完成修饰finish 修饰（for render only) 修饰fit 自适应设置布满（用于预览时，布满视窗或图纸）fit points 拟合点拟合点flag 标志旗标Flat Shaded, Edges on 带边框平淡着色flat-shaded （平淡）着色floating viewports 浮动视口浮动视埠flood 布满大量Flyout Properties 弹出特性对话框图示列性质fog 雾雾fold 折叠折痕Follow 跟随自动平面视景font 字体字体font map file 字体映射文件字体对映档form tolerance 形状公差成型公差formatting text 设置文字格式格式化文字frame 框架画格frame 帧画格frame 边框画格free-form 自由形式（的）自由形式freehand line 徒手画线手绘线Freeplotting 自由绘图自由出图freeze 冻结冻结freezing layers 冻结图层冻结图层From 自自Front Clipping On 前向剪裁打开front view 主视图前视景Full Preview 全视口预览完整预览。
dynamic的用法总结大全
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文档下载后可定制修改，请根据实际需要进行调整和使用，谢谢!并且，本店铺为大家提供各种类型的经典范文，如英语单词、英语语法、英语听力、英语知识点、语文知识点、文言文、数学公式、数学知识点、作文大全、其他资料等等，想了解不同范文格式和写法，敬请关注!Download tips: This document is carefully compiled by this editor.I hope that after you download it, it can help you solve practical problems. The document can be customized and modified after downloading, please adjust and use it according to actual needs, thank you!In addition, this shop provides various types of classic sample essays, such as English words, English grammar, English listening, English knowledge points, Chinese knowledge points, classical Chinese, mathematical formulas, mathematics knowledge points, composition books, other materials, etc. Learn about the different formats and writing styles of sample essays, so stay tuned!dynamic的用法总结大全dynamic的意思dynamic的简明意思adj. 动力的；动态的；有活力的；【音】力度变化的n. 动力；动力学英式发音 [daɪ'næmɪk] 美式发音 [daɪ'næmɪk]dynamic的词态变化为:副词: dynamicallydynamic的详细意思在英语中，dynamic不仅具有上述意思，还有更详尽的用法，dynamic作形容词 adj. 时具有动力的，动力学的，力学（上）的;动态的;能动的;有生气的，有活力的;强有力的，有力的;力的;【医】机能的;功能的;起动的;效率高的等意思，dynamic作名词 n. 时具有动态;动力，动力学，力学;相互作用的方式;力度（变化）;原动力等意思，dynamic的具体用法dynamic作形容词 adj. 时具有动力的，动力学的，力学（上）的;动态的;能动的;有生气的，有活力的;强有力的，有力的;力的;【医】机能的;功能的;起动的;效率高的等意思，dynamic作名词 n. 时具有动态;动力，动力学，力学;相互作用的方式;力度（变化）;原动力等意思，如：The simulation results show influence of structural flexibility on the dynamics of space station deployable mechanism.数值仿真结果表明了柔性效应对空间站展开机构动力学的影响.在此句中dynamic表示动力学的的意思How does changing the clearances effect the dynamic basic dynamic load rating of the 6006 bearing?在6006型号轴承的动力负载水平基础上如何变更间隙对动力的影响?在此句中dynamic表示动力的的意思dynamic的高考讲解该词在高考中，出现最多的题型是在阅读部分，占据了100%，可见dynamic在阅读题型中是经常考到的，各位同学需要重点注意下易学啦也提供了下方的统计图，方便您参考下在高考中想要获得高分，建议同学们重点掌握以下知识点固定搭配1.dynamic music动感音乐2.group dynamics小组互动3.fluid dynamics流动力学真题回顾The latest edition: reflecting English as a dynamic language.最新版本：将英语反映为动态语言。
地铁方面的术语--英汉对照
APU Audio Power Unit 放大器单元VPI Visual Passenger Information 可视乘客信息VVVF Variable voltage Variable Frequency 变压变频信号系统PTI Positive Train Identification 列车自动识别SICAS Siemens Computer Aided Signaling 西门子计算机辅助信号DTI Departure Time Indicator 发车计时器PIIS Passenger Information and Indication System 旅客向导系统ADM Administrator Workstation 系统工作管理站RM Restricted Manual Mode ATP限制允许速度的人工驾驶AR Automatic Reversal 自动折返ATT Automatic Train Tracking 列车自动跟踪SIC Station Interface Case 车站接口箱LCP Local Control Panel 局部控制台ARS Automatic Route Setting 列车自动进路排列ATR Automatic Train Regulation 列车自动调整通信系统MDF Multiplex Distribution Frame 综合配线架TBS TETRA Base Station TETRA基站PABX Private Automatic Branch Exchange 专用自动小交换机DDF Digital Distribution Frame 数字配线架ODF Optical Distribution Frame 光配线架VDF Audio Distribution Frame 音频配线架DxTiP Digital Exchange for TETRA TETRA数字交换机ISDN Integrated Services Digital Network 综合业务数字网OMS OTN Management System OTN管理系统NCC Network Control Center 网络控制中心PCM Pulse Code Modulation 脉冲编码调制TETRA Terrestial trunked Radio 欧洲数字集群标准TDM Time Division Multiplexing 时分复用PSTN Public Switched Telephone Network 公用电话交换网CDD Configuration and Data Distribution Server 配置及数字分配服务器自动售检票系统TCP/IP Transmission Control Protocol/ Internet Protocol 传输控制／网络协议CPS Central Processing System 中央计算机系统SPS Station Processing System 车站计算机系统PIN Personal Identification Number 个人身份号码MCBF Mean Cycles Between Failure 运行设备两次损坏之间的次数MTTR Mean Time To Repair 维修耗时平均值TVM Ticket Vending Machine 自动售票机SEMI-TVM Manually Operated Ticket Vending Machine 半自动售票机PVU Portable Verifying Unit 便携式验票机GATE 闸机GCC Graphic Control Computer 图形监视计算机MTBF Mean Time Between Failures 平均无故障运行时间EMC Electro Magnetic Compliance 电磁兼容性环境系统FAC 消防专项合格证书EMCS Electrical and Mechanical Control System 车站设备监控系统ECS Environment Control System 环境控制系统DDC Dircct Digital Controller 数字直接控制器PLC Programmable Logic Controller 可编程逻辑控制器API Application Programming interfac 应用程序接口BAS Building Automation System 火灾报警系统设备自动化系统AFC Auto Fare Collection 自动售检票系统ATP Automatic Train Protection 列车自动防护ATS Automatic Train Supervision 列车自动监控ATC Automatic Train Control 列车自动控制ATO Automatic Train Operation 列车自动运行SCADA Scan Control Alarm Database 供电系统管理自动化OCC Operated Control Center 控制中心MMI Man Machine Interface 人机接口UPS Uninterrupted Power Supply 不间断电源供给铁路；铁道railway railroad铁路线railway line；railroad line铁路网railway network；railroad network铁道科学railway science铁路技术railway technology铁路等级railway classification国有铁路national railway；state railway地方铁路local railway；regional railway私有铁路private railway合资铁路joint investment railway；jointly owned railway标准轨铁路standard-gage railway窄轨铁路narrow-gage railway米轨铁路meter-gage railway宽轨铁路broad-gage railway单线铁路single track railway双线铁路double track railway多线铁路multiple track railway重载铁路heavy haul railway高速铁路high speed railway电气化铁路；电力铁路electrified railway；electric railway干线铁路main line railway；trunk railway市郊铁路suburban railway地下铁道；地铁subway；metro；underground railway工业企业铁路industry railway矿山铁路mine railway轻轨铁路light railway；light rail高架铁路elevated railway单轨铁路；独轨铁路monorail；monorail railway磁浮铁路magnetic levitation railway；maglev森林铁路forest railway山区铁路mountain railway既有铁路existing railway新建铁路newly-built railway改建铁路reconstructed railway运营铁路railway in operation；operation；operating railway专用铁路special purpose railway干线trunk line；main line支线branch line铁路专用线railway special line货运专线railway line for freight traffic；freight special line；freight traffic only line客运专线railway line for passenger traffic；passenger special line；passenger traffic only line客货运混合铁路railway line for mixed passenger and freight traffic铁路运营长度；运营里程operation length of railway；operating distance；revenue length 列车运行图train diagram铁路建筑长度construction length of railway区间section区段district轨距rail gage；rail gauge轮重wheel load轴重axle load最大轴重maximum allowable axle load限制轴重axle load limited限界clearance；gauge限界图clearance diagram铁路建筑限界railway construction clearance；structure clearance for railway；railway struction gauge基本建筑限界fundamental construction clearance；fundamental structure gauge桥梁建筑限界bridge construction clearance；bridge structure gauge隧道建筑界限tunnel construction clearance；tunnel structure gauge铁路机车车辆限界rolling stock clearance for railway；vehicle gauge机车车辆上部限界clearance limit for upper part of rolling stock机车车辆下部限界clearance limit道碴级配ballast grading洛杉叽磨损实验Los Angeles abrasion test碎石道碴stone ballast矿碴道碴slag ballast卵石道碴gravel ballast砂道碴sand ballast底碴subballast道床厚度thickness of ballast bed；depth of ballast道床宽度width of ballast bed道床碴肩shoulder of ballast bed轮轨游间clearance between wheel flange and gage line曲线内接inscribed to curves自由内接free inscribing强制内接compulsory inscribing楔形内接wedging inscribing静力内接static inscribing动力内接dynamic inscribing轨道不平顺track irregularity静态不平顺static track irregularity；irregularity without load动态不平顺dynamic track irregularity轨道几何尺寸容许公差track geometry tolerances 轨道变形track deformation；track disorder；track distortion轨道残余变形track residual deformation；track permanent deformation 弹性挤开gage elastically widened；elastic squeeze-out轨道水平；左右水平track cross level轨道方向track alignment轨道前后高低；前后高低longitudinal level of rail；track profile三角坑；扭曲twist warp轨道明坑visile pit of track；visible low spot of track；track depression翻浆冒泥mud-pumping钢轨低接头depressed joint；battered foint of rail接头瞎缝closed joint；tight joint大轨缝excessive joint gap；wide joint gap线路爬行track creeping轨头波纹磨损corrugation of rail head；rail corrugation轨头短波浪磨损short wave undulation of rail head轨头长波浪磨损long wave undulation of rail head轨头马鞍形磨损rail end batter；saddle wear of rail end轨头肥边flow of rail head；lipping of rail head错牙接头rail ends unevenness in line or surface钢轨伤损rail defects and failures钢轨擦伤engine burn；wheel burn钢轨锈蚀rail corrosion白点flake crack；shatter crack；small nucleus fissure核伤nucleus flaw；oval flaw轨头剥离gage line shelly cracks轨头掉块spalling of rail head轨头压溃crushing of rail head轨头垂直劈裂vertical split of rail head轨头微细波纹detail fracture of rail head轨端崩裂rail end breakage钢轨打标记branding & stamping of rails轨端削角；轨端倒棱rail end chamfering螺栓孔削角；螺栓孔倒棱bolt hole chamfering螺栓孔加强bolt hole cold-working strenthening轨头水平劈裂horizontal split of rail head轨腰劈裂piped rail ；split of rail web钢轨裂纹rail cracks轨头发裂head checks ；hair crack of rail head轨底崩裂burst of rail base；burst of rail bottom ；broken rail base 钢轨折断brittle fractures of rail ；sudden rupture of rail钢轨落锤试验drop test of rail螺孔裂纹bolt hole crack线路大修major repair of reack ；overhaul of track ；track renewal线路中修intermediate repair of track线路维修maintenance of track找小坑spot surfacing全面起道捣固out-of-face surfacing起道raising of track ；track lifting落道under cutting of track ；lowering of track垫砂起道measured shovel packing改道gage correction ；gaging of track拨道track lining整正水平adjusting of cross level整正曲线curve adjusting；curve lining绳正法整正曲线string lining of curve绳度整正曲线计算器string lining computer ；string-line calculator调整轨缝；均匀轨缝adjusting of rail gaps；evenly distributing joint gaps 整正规缝dispersal of rail gaps；adjusting joint gaps up to standard矫直钢轨staightening of kinked rail焊修钢轨；堆焊钢轨resurfacing of rail打磨钢轨rail grinding轨头整形rail head reprofiling轨头非对称断面打磨asymmetrical rail head profile grinding方正轨枕tie respacing ；squaring of ties削平木枕tie adzing修补木枕tie repairing木枕防腐preservation of wooden tie木枕预钻孔preboring of wooden tie ；preboring of spike holes木枕刻痕incising of wooden tie枕木塞tie plug木枕防裂装置anti splitting device捣固道床ballast tamping夯实道床ballast ramming ；ballast consolidating清筛道床ballast cleaning整理道床ballast trimming锁定轨温fastening-down temperature of rail零应力轨温strss free rail temperature中和轨温neutral temperature放散温度力destressing ；stress liberation温度力temperature stress温度力峰temperature stress peak轨道鼓出临界温度critical temperature of track buckling伸缩区；呼吸区breathing zone缓冲区buffer zone；transition zone固定区nonbreathing zone ；fixd zone ；deformation -free zone调节轨buffer rail气压焊oxyacetylene pressure welding电阻焊flash butt welding铝热焊thrmlt welding周转轨inventory stock备用轨stock rails per kilometer of track；emergency rail stored along the way再用轨second hand rail ；relaying rail顺坡run-off elevation作业标志working signal停车牌red board；stop indicator慢行牌yellow board ；speed indicator线路标志road way signs ；permanent公里标kilometer post曲线标curve post坡度标grade post桥梁标bridge post隧道标tunnel post管界标section sign钢轨位移观测桩rail creep indication posts鸣笛标whistle board线路中断line interruption施工封闭线路line occupation for works封闭线路作业时间；开天窗作业时间works occupation time ；working time of closed sectin列车空隙作业时间working time between trains养路表报maintenance -of-way report and forms；track work forms工务设备台帐technical record of track ；bridge and other equipments养路管理电脑系统computer aided track maintenance and management system线路平剖面图track charts养路费用maintenance of way expenditures线路维修规则rules of maintenance of way轨道养护标准standards of track main tenance换算线路长度equibalent track kilometerage轨检车评分track evaluatin by recording car；evaluation by track inspection car轨道质量指数track quality index平面交* level crossing立体交* grade separation道囗grade crossing；level crossing道囗铺面grade crossing pavement ；surface of grade crossing道囗平台level stretch of grade crossing道囗警标warning sign at grade crossing道囗栏木cross barrier at grade crossing道囗栅栏side barrier at grade crossing道囗护桩protective stake atgrade crossing限界架clearance limit frame道岔turnout ；switches and crossings单开道岔simple turnout ；；lateral turnout单式对称道岔；双开道岔symmetrical double curve turnout ；equilateral turnout 单式不对称道岔；不对称双开道岔unsymmetrical double curve turnout ；unequilateral turnout单式同侧道岔unsymmetrical double curve turnout in the same direction 三开道岔stmmetrical three throw turnout ；three-way turnout不对称三开道岔unsymmetrical three-way turnout ；unsymmetrical three throw tunout左开道岔left hand turnout右开道岔right hand turnout交* crossing菱形交* diamond crossing直角交* rectangular crossing ；square crossing交分道岔slip switch单式交分道岔single slip switches复式交分道岔double slip switches渡线crossover交*渡线scissors crossing ；double crossover平行渡线parallel crossover梯线ladder track套线道岔mixed gage turnout道岔主线main line of turnout ；main track of turnout ；turnout main 道岔侧线branch line of turnout ；branch track of turnout turnout branch导曲线lead curve导曲线半径radius of lead curve导曲线支距offset of lead curve道岔中心center of turnout辙* frog；crossing辙*角frog angle辙*号数frog number道岔号数turnout number道岔始端beginning of turnout道岔终端end of turnout尖轨switch rail tongue rail；blade直线尖轨straight seitch曲线尖轨curved switch尖轨理论尖端theoretical point of switch rail尖轨尖端actual point of switch rail尖轨跟端heel of swith rail曲线出岔道岔turnout from curved track辙*心轨理论尖端theoretical point of frog辙*心轨尖端actual point of frog辙*趾端toe end of frog ；frog toe辙*跟端heel end of frog；frog heel道岔基线reference line of turnout道岔全长total length of turnout道岔理论长度theoretical length of turnout道岔实际长度actual length of turnout道岔理论导程theoretical lead of turnout道岔前部理论长度front part theoretical legth of turnout道岔后部理论长度rear part theoretical length of turnout道岔后部实际长度rear part actual length of turnout尖轨长度length of switch rail辙*趾长toe length of frog辙*跟长heel length of frog辙*趾宽toe spread of frog辙*跟宽heel s[read of frog尖轨动程throw of switch护轨与心轨的查照间隔check gage护背距离guard rail face gage；back gage辙*有害空间gap in the frog ；open throat；unguarded flange-way转辙角switch angle辙*咽喉throat of frog轮缘槽flange-way；flange clearance转辙器switch可弯式尖轨转辙器flexible switch间隔铁式尖轨转辙器loose heel switch高锰钢整铸辙* solid manganese steel frog；cast manganese steel frog钢轨组合辙* bolred rigid frog；assembled frog可动心轨辙* movable-point frog可动翼轨辙* movable-wing frog钝角辙* obtuse frog锐角辙* end frog；acute frog曲线辙* curved frog基本轨stock rail密贴尖轨closed switch rail；close contact between switch point and stock rail 淬火尖轨surface-hardened switch rail；quenched switch rail特种断面尖轨special heavy section switch rail；tongue rail made of special section rail；full-wed section switch rail翼轨wing rail心轨point rail；nose rail道岔护轨turnout guard rail尖轨护轨switch point guard rail尖轨保护器switch protector道岔拉杆switch rod；stretcher bar道岔连接杆connecting bar；following stretcher bar间隔铁filler；spacer block尖轨补强板reinforcing bar滑床板slide plate；switch plate线路机械permanent way machine线路机具permanent way tool路基机械subgrade machine；machine for roadway work轨道机械track machine道碴机械ballast machine捣固机械tamping machine夯实机械ballast consolidating machine道碴清筛机械ballast cleaning machine轨行式装运机械rail-mounted handling and transportation machine轨道检测设备track geometry measuring device安全防护设备safety protection equipment线路清理机械permanent way clearing machine公铁两用线路机械rail/road permanent way machine大型线路机械；重型线路机械heavy permanent way machine；large permanentway machine小型线路机械；轻型线路机械light permanent way machine ；small permanent way machine拨道机track lining machine拨道器track lining tool起道机track lifting起道器rail jack；track jack起拔道机track lifting and lining machine起拔道器track lifting and lining tool钢轨钻孔机rail drilling machine钢轨钻孔器rail drilling tool磨轨机rail grinding machine磨轨车rail grinding car磨轨列车rail grinding train锯轨机rail cutting machine ；rail sawing machine轨缝调整器rail gap adjuster ；rail puller钢轨拉伸器rail tensor直轨器rail straightening tool ；rail straightener平轨器rail bending tool ；rail bender钢轨刨边机rail-head edges planing machine钢轨推凸机rail weld seam shearing machine钢轨推凸器rail shearing device机动螺钉；螺栓板手rail screw-bolt power wrench地面钢轨凃油器on-track rail lubricator车载钢轨凃油器on-board rail lubricator焊轨机rail welding machine轨枕抽换机tie replacing machine木枕钻孔机wooden tie drilling machine打道钉机spike driver起道钉机spike puller混凝土枕螺栓钻取机concrete tie dowel drilling and pulling machine方枕器tie respacer木枕削平机wooden sleeper adzing machine手提电动捣固机；电镐portable electric tamper；hand electric tamper手提风动捣固机porable pneumatic tamper手提内然捣固机portable gasoline-powered tamper小型液压捣固机light hydraulic tamping machine液压捣固机；液压捣固车hydraulic tamping machine配碴整形机ballast distributing and regulating machine道碴犁ballast plow扒碴机crib ballast removers收碴机ballast recoliecting machine枕间夯实机crib consolidating machine道床边坡夯实机ballast shouder consolidating machine全断面道床夯实机full section ballast consolidating machine道床底碴夯实机subballast consolidating machine动力稳定机dynamic track stabilizer边坡清筛机ballast shouder cleaning machine大型全断面清筛机large ballast undercutting cleaners；on-track full section undercutting cleaners中型清筛机medium ballast undercutting cleaners大揭盖清筛机ballast cleaning machine eith removed track panels小型枕底清筛机small ballast undercutting cleaners轻型轨道车light rail motor car ；light motor trolley重型轨道车heavy rail motor car；heavy motor trolley发电轨道车power generating rail car发电走行两用车self-propelled power generating car轨道平车rail flat car长钢轨运输作业列车long welded rail transporting and working train铺轨机track laying machine轨行式起重机crane on-track ；rail-mounted crane 悬臂式铺轨排机track panel laying machine with cantilever 悬臂式铺轨机rail laying machine with cantilever门式铺轨排机track panel lating gantry crane铺轨列车track laying train工程宿营车work train with camp cars轨道检查车track recording car ；track inspection car轨道检查小车track geometry measuring trolley桥梁试验车bridge test car钢轨探伤车rail flaw detection car钢轨探伤仪rail flaw detector钢轨磨损检查车rail profile measuring car钢轨磨损检查仪rail profile gauge列车速度检查仪train speed monitoring device列车接近报警器train approach wairning device限界检测车clearance car ；clearance inspection car塌方落石报警器land slide warning device除雪机snow removing machine；snow remover道岔熔冰器sewitch heater除砂机sand removing machine开沟机ditcher开沟平路机track shaving machine ；ditching and grading machine 灌木切割机brush cutting machine ；brush cutter除草机weeding cutting machine ；weed cutter喷洒除草机weed killing machine weed killer万能道尺universal rail gage道钉锤spike hammer撬棍lining bar ；claw bar轨道水平尺track level螺栓扳手track wrenches单轨小车hand cart地表排水surface drainage地下排水subsurface drainage过滤层filter路基松软soft spots of road bed滑坡landslip；landslide坍方slide ；slip蠕变creep；crawl崩塌collapse；toppling冲刷erosion ；scouring落石rock fall泥石流warth flow；debris flow ；mud and rock flow冻害frost heaving雪崩snow slip ；snow slide；snow avalanche道碴槽ballast tub道碴箱ballast box道碴袋ballast pocket道碴巢ballast nest路基下沉subgrade settlement煤矿沉陷mining subsidence路基挤起subgrade bulge ；subgrade squeeze-out防洪flood control防砂sand-drift control ；sand protection防雪snow-drift control；snow protection雪害snow blockade；snow drift水害flood damage；washout砂害sand blockade；sand drift隧道冰害frost damage in tunnel防雪棚snow fence ；snow guard防雪障snow protection bank防雪树篱snow protectin hedge拉沟slotting刷坡slope cutting边坡植被防护vegetation on slope石笼gabion铺草皮sodding整治冻害轨道treatment of frost heaving track垫冻害垫板track shimming电化学加固土壤electro-chemical tratment of soil 桥梁浅基shallow foundation of bridge；unsafe dpth foundation of bridge 限界检查checking of clearance；check measurement河调一防护失修disrepaire of flow regulating and shore protectin structure ；river bank protection out of repair桥址水文观测hydrologic observation of bridge site桥梁检定试验bridge rating test容许强度检定working stress rating承载系数检定load factor rating自动力矩检定autostress rating桥梁检定承载系数rated load-bearing coefficient for bridge；rated load-bearing c oefficient for bridge as compared with standard live loading 特种车辆活载special live load；lilve load of special type wagon墩台基础挖验excavating foundation for checking pupose foundation examinationby excavation墩台基础钻探drilling foundation for checking purpose；foundation examinationby drilling圬工梁裂损cracking of concrete and masonry beam隧道漏水tunnel leak衬砌裂损lining cracking衬砌腐蚀中间漆intermediate coat面漆top coat工地漆field coat工厂漆shop coat干捣水泥砂浆dry tamped cement mortar混凝土裂纹concrete cracks钢梁腐蚀裂纹corrosion cracking of steel bridge钢梁应力腐蚀裂纹stress corrosion cracking of steel bridge隧道防火措施measures against tunnel fire隧道通风tunnel ventilation隧道防排水tunnel water handling喷射混凝土修理shotcrete repair桥隧养护maintenance of bridge and tunnel桥隧经常保养regular maintenance of bridge and tunnel 桥隧综合维修comprehensive maintenance of bridge and tunnel structure桥隧病害整治damage repair for bridge and tunnel ；repair bridge and tunnel fault桥涵扩孔opening enlargement of bridge and culvert桥梁浅基防护unsafe depth foundation protection ；bridge shallow foundation protection墩周冲淤scouring and sepositing around pier桥隧巡守bridge and tunnel patrolling限界改善clearance improvement墩台防撞collision prevention around pier；pier protection against collision钢梁加固strengthening of steel bridge临时便桥shoofly防洪预抢工程precautinary work against flood水害断道railroad break down due to to flood ；line blockade due to flood 水害抢修rush repair of flood damage to open for traffic抛石防护riparap protection临险抢护emergency rush engineering ；emergency repairs水害复旧restoration work for flood damage ；restoration of flood damaged structures日降雨量daily precipitatin雨量计rain gage洪水标记flood mark河床冲刷channel erosion洪水淹没flood inundation on tracks防水林forestation against flood防撞破凌breaking up ice run；breaking up ice floe prevent collision 房屋维修regular maintenance of buildings and structures房建大修major repair of buildings and structures房建检修inspection and repair of buildings and structures铁道牵引动力railway traction power；railway motive power机车locomotive机车种类types of locomotive蒸汽机车steam locomotive内燃机车；曾用名"柴油机车" diesel locomotive电力机车electric locomotive燃气轮机车gasturbine locomotive动车组motor train unit；motor train set动车motot car拖车trailer铁路干线机车railway trunk line locomotive工矿机车industrial and mining locomotive客运机车passenger locomotive货运机车freight locomotive；goods locomotive调车机车shunting locomotive；switcher小运转机车locomotive for district transfer；transfer locomotive train 路用机车locomotive of service train；service locomotives配属机车allocated locomotive非配属机车un-allocated locomotive支配机车disposal locomotive非支配机车un-disposal locomotive运用机车locomotive in operation检修机车locomotive under repairing备用机车locomotive in reserve封存机车locomotive stored up待修机车locomotive waiting for repair机车出租leased locomotive机车报废locomotive retirement机车储备locomotive reservation；locomotive storage 机车整备locomotive servicing；locomotive running preparation机车整备能力locomotive service capacity机车技术规范locomotive technical specification转向架中心bogie pivot center转向架中心距离distance between bogie pivot centers；bogie pivot pitch 机车全轴距locomotive total wheel base机车转向架轴距locomotive wheel base of bogie机车固定轴距locomotive rigid wheel base机车长度locomotive overall length机车宽度locomotive width机车高度locomotive height机车计算重量calcuated weight of locomotive机车整备重量locomotive service weight机车重量locomotive weight机车粘着重量locomotive adhesive weight轴重转移；轴荷载转移axle load transfer粘着重量利用系数adhesive weight utility factor机车重量分配weight distribution of locomotive轮对横动量lateral play of wheel set机车噪声locomotive noise热值；发热量heat value机车万吨公里能耗energy consumption per 10；000 t-km of locomotive机车用煤coal for locomotive机车用柴油diesel oil for locomotive机车用电electricity for locomotive机车用换算煤converted coal for locomotive标准煤standard coal机车用润滑剂lubricant for locomotive给水water supply水鹤water crane给水处理water [supply] treatment炉内软水water softened in boiler炉外软水water softened out of boiler软水water softened净水water purified机务段locomotive depot机车运用段locomotive running depot机车检修段locomotive repair depot机车折返段locomotive turnaround depot列车无线电调度系统train radio dispatching system机车监控记录装置locomotive supervise and record apparatus机车故障locomotive failure机车牵引特性locomotive tractive characteristic机车效率total locomotive efficiency机车轮周效率efficiency of locomotive at wheel rim机车传动功率transmission efficiency of locomotive机车牵引特性曲线locomotive tractive characteristic curve机车轮周功率曲线locomotive power curve at wheel rim机车牵引力曲线locomotive tractive effort curve机车预期牵引特性曲线predetermined tractive characteristic curve of locomotive机车功率locomotive power轮周功率output power at wheel rim比功率power/weight ratio比重量weight/power ratio单位体积功率specific volume power机车牵引力locomotive teractive effort轮周牵引力tractive effort at wheel rim 车钩牵引力tractive effort at coupler；drawbar pull起动牵引力stsrting tractive effort粘着牵引力adhesive tractive effort持续牵引力continuous tractive effort基本阻力basic resistance运行阻力running resistance惰行阻力idle runing resistance；coasting resistance起动阻力starting resistance附加阻力additional resistance坡道阻力gradient resistance曲线阻力curve resistance空气阻力air resistance单位阻力unit resistance；specific resistance换算阻力；加算阻力converted resistance速度控制系统speed control system加速acceleration减速deceleration恒速constant speed加速力acceleration force减速力deceleration force列车制动train braking制动方式brake mode空气制动air brake真空制动vacuum brake动力制动dynamic brake液力制动hydraulic brake电阻制动rheostatic brake再生制动regenerative brake电空制动electropneumatic brake蓄能制动energy-storing brake涡流制动eddy current brake磁轨制动electromagnetic rail brake踏面制动tread brake盘型制动disc brake机车制动周期locomotive braking period机车制动距离locomotive braking distance机车每轴闸瓦作用力brake shoe force per axle of locomotive制动braking常用制动service braking；service application最大常用制动；常用全制动full servive braking；full service application阶段制动graduated application自然制动unintended braking；undesired braking紧急制动emergency braking；emergency application意外紧急制动undesirable emergency braking；UDE缓解release直接缓解；一次缓解direct release阶段缓解graduated release自然缓解unintended release；undesired release漏泄leakage充风；充气charging阶段提升graduated increasing保持位suppression；maintaining position；holding position制动管减压量brake pipe pressure reduction过量减压over reduction局部减压local reduction分段减压split reduction最大常用减压full servive reduction常用局减quick service紧急局减quick action前后风压差false gradient列车管压差train pipe pressure gradient保压停车stopping at maintaining position缓解停车stopping at release缓解波速release propagation rate制动波速braking propagation rate机车制动机locomotive brake gear空气压缩机air compressor调压器pressure regulator给风阀feed valve减压阀reducing valve机车分配阀locomotive distributing valve切换阀transfer valve自动制动阀automatic brake valve单独制动阀independent brake valve滤尘止回阀strainer check valve机车紧急放风阀locomotive emergency vent valve高压保安阀high pressure safety valve低压保安阀low pressure safety valve无载起动电空阀no-load starting electropneumatic valve油水分离器oil-water separator总风缸main air reservoir空气干燥器air dryer撒砂装置sanding device砂箱sand box撒砂阀sanding valve撒砂器sandingsprayer紧急撒砂emergency sanding自动撒砂automatic sanding间隙效应slack actionL/V比值L/V ratio弓网关系pantograph-contact line relation机车牵引区段locomotive tractive district机车交路locomotive routing单肩回交路single-arm routing双肩回交路double-arm routing半循环交路semi-loop routing循环交路loop routing环形交路circular routing短交路short routing长交路long routing直通交路through routing机车乘务制度locomotive crew working system机车包乘制system of assigning crew to designated locomotive机车轮乘制locomotive crew pooling system机车随乘制locomotive caboose crew system机车乘务组locomotive crew司机driver副司机assisant driver指导司机driver instructor司炉fireman机车运用指标index of locomotive operation机车出入段作业preparation of locomotive for leaving and arriving at depot 机车全周转complete turnround of locomotive机车在段停留时间detention time of locomotive at depot 机车全周转距离diatance of one complete turnround of locomotive机车全周转时间period of one complete turnround of locomotive机车走行公里locomotive running kilometers换算走行公里converted running kilometers沿线走行公里running kilometers on the road辅助走行公里auxiliary running kilometers本务走行公里leading locomotive running kilometers单机走行公里light locomotive running kilometers重联机车走行公里multi-locomotive running kilometers机车日车公里average daily locomotive running kilometers机车平均牵引总重average gross weight hauled by locomotive机车日产量average daily output of locomotive运用机车台数number of locomotive in service机车需要系数coefficient of locomotives requirment单机运行light locomotive running双机牵引；双机重联牵引double locomotive traction多机牵引multi-locomotive traction主机；本务机车leading locomotive机车超重牵引traction for train exceed mass norm机车调度命令locomotive diapatching order机务段运行揭示running service-bulletin of depot司机运转保单driver’s service-report；driver’s log司机室driver’s cab司机操纵台driver’s desk司机模拟操纵装置simulator for driver train-handling优化操纵optimum handling；optimum optimum operation机车自动操纵automatic locomotive operation机车保养locomotive maintenance机车检修locomotive inspection and repair机车检修修程classification of locomotive repair机车大修locomotive overhaul [repair]；locomotive general overhaul架修intermediate repair定修periodical repair；light repair蒸汽机车洗修steam locomotive boiler washout repair机车厂修locomotive repair in works机车段修locomotive repair in depot日常检查routine inspection机车临修locomotive temporary repair定期检修repair based on time or running kilometers状态检修repair based on condition of component换件大修component exchange repair配件互换修repair with interchangeable component预防维修制preventive maintenance system检修周期period of inspection and repair月检monthly inspection定检公里running kilometers between predetermined repairs定检时间time between predetermined repairs检修范围scope of repairing course；scope of repair超范围修理repair beyond the scope of repairing course检修停时standing time under repair集中化修理；集中修centralization of repair检修基本技术条件fundamental technical requirements for repair and inspection 检修工艺规程technological regulations for repair and inspection检修作业程序repair procedure；shop program磨耗限度limit of wear检修限度locomotive repair limit第一限度1st limit。
钻井液常用专业英语词汇
A氨基三乙酸(NTA) aminotriacetic acid胺基amino铵基ammonium安全地层safe formation安全试破safe destruction安全钻井safe drilling坳陷down warping region螯合chelation凹陷sag凹陷地层subsidence formation奥陶系Ordovician systemAPI模拟法API recommened methodB多靶点multiple target point白沥青white asphalt白油mineral oil白云母white mica半透膜semipermeable membrane包被絮凝剂flocculant包被envelop包被抑制性encapsulating ability饱和度saturation饱和度剖面图profile map of degree of saturation 饱和盐水saturated salt water背斜anticlinal钡barium苯环benzene ring苯酚phenyl hydroxide本质区别essential difference泵压过高overhigh pumping pressure比表面积specific surface area比吸水量specific absorption比重瓶法density bottle method避免avoid蓖麻油ricinus oil边界摩擦boundary friction扁藻（浮游植物）algae变化趋势variation trend标准化standardization标准粘度测量standard visicosity measure表面粗糙度roughness of the surface表面电位surface electric potential表面活性剂surfactant ,surface active agent表面能interface energy表面粘度surface viscosity表面抛光sample surfaceAibbs表面弹性Aibbs surface elasticity 表面张力surface tension表明verify /reveal表皮系数(S) skin coefficient憋钻bit bouncing宾汉方程bingham equation丙三醇glycerine丙烯情acrylonitrile丙烯酸acrylic acid丙烯酸盐acrylate丙烯酰胺acrylamide薄而韧的泥饼thin,plastic and compacted mud-cake薄片flake薄弱地层weak formation泊松比poisson’s ratio剥离peel off补救remediation不分散泥浆nondispersed mud不干扰地质录井play no role in geological logging 不均质储层heterogeneous reservoir不均匀uneven不可逆irreversible不同程度inordinately部分水解聚丙烯酰胺(PHPA) partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamideC参数优选parametric optimization残酸reacted acid残余饱和度residual staturation残渣gel residue , solid residue测量measure侧链side chain侧钻水平井sidetrack horizontal well层间interlayer层间距the distance between the two crystal layer, layer distance层理bedding层流layer flow差减法minusing尝试trial柴油diesel oil长连缔合物long chain associated matter操作方法operation method超伸井high deep well超深预探井ultradeep prospecting well超声波ultrasonography超高密度泥浆extremely high density mud超细碳酸钙super-fine calcium carbonate产层production/pay zone产层亏空reservoir voidage产量production ,output沉淀precipitation沉降subside沉降速度settling rate沉砂sand setting衬套sleeve程序program成对水平井paired parallel horizontal wells成分ingredient成胶剂gelatinizing agent成膜树脂film-forming resin成岩性差poor diagenetic grade承压bearing pressure承压低lower pressure resistance承压能力loading capacity尺寸dimension斥力repulsion除硫效果sulfur limitation effect除硫剂sulfur elimination除砂器desander触变性thixotropy触变剂thixotropic agent垂沉sag垂直井vertical well充气钻井液aerated drilling fluid磁化magnetization次生有机阳离子聚合物secondary organic cationic polymer冲砂sand removal冲蚀flush冲刷washing out冲洗clean冲洗效率cleaning efficiency冲洗液washing fluid从…角度from the standpoint of丛式井cluster well稠化剂gelling agent稠油区viscous oil area稠油藏high oil reservoir初步分析preliminary analysis初始稠度initial consistency初始粘度initial viscosity初探primary investigation处理剂additive, treating-agent粗分散泥浆coarse dispersed mud粗泡沫堵漏工艺coarse-foam plugging technology促凝剂accelerating agent醋酸acetate醋酸钠sodium acetate窜流fluid channeling脆裂embrittlement crack脆性brittle/crisp ,fragility催化剂accelerant , catalyst萃取剂extracting agentD达西定律Darcy’s equation大段水层thick aqueous formation大分子氢键络合作用polycomplexation of hydrogen bond大灰量mass slurry大井斜角high deviation angle大块岩样big rock sample大块钻屑massive drilling cuttings大类genera大理石marble大砾石层large gravel bed大量分析quantitative analysis大排量洗井high flow rate washover大排量循环high flow rate circulation大位移定向井extended-reach directional well大斜度钻井big inclination/angle drilling大直径井眼large hole代表性岩心representive core sample单宁酸tannate单体monomer单相关分析法analyzing method of single correlation单相关系数加权coefficient weighted method of single correlation单轴抗压强度uniaxial compressive strength氮nitrogenN-羟甲剂胺N-hydroxymethyl amine淡水fresh water单向压力暂堵剂unidirectional pressure temporary plugging additive导向螺杆钻具stearable assemly导向器guider等温曲线isothermal curve低毒油基low toxicity oil based低返速low return-velocity低固相泥浆low solid drilling fluid低级醛low-grade aldehyde低粘土相泥浆low clay content drilling fluid狄塞尔堵漏剂diacel plugging agent滴定titration底水丰富basal water abundance底水油藏井bottom water reservoir well第二界面second contact surface缔合物associated matter地层formation地层出液量formation fluid production地层破碎straturn breaking地层倾角大higher formation clination地层水formation water地层损害formation damage地面岩心压汞surface core mercury injection test 地下水groundwater , subsurface water地应力ground stress地质geology地质构造geologic structure淀粉starch电测electronic logging电导率electric conductivity电荷electricity电化学法electrochemistry method电解质electrolyte电镜分析electronic microscope photos电位potential fallξ电位zeta potential电性electric property电泳法electrophoresis method电子探针electron spectrum调查census顶替过程displacing operation定量设计quantitative design定向井direction well定子stator冻胶gel动静弹性模量dynamic and static elasticity modulus动力稳定性settling stability动力学kinetics动态滤失dynamic filtration动切力yield value动塑比ratio of dynamic shear force/yield value to plastic viscosity堵漏plugging堵塞seal堵塞比(DR) damage ratio堵塞物bulkhead堵水water shutoff 毒性大high toxicity毒性污染环境toxicity ruins the environment短过渡short transition time短纤维brief fiber断层发育mature fault断裂带faulted zone对策countermeasure多产层multilayered reservoir多分支侧钻井multi-lateral sidetracking well多功能添加剂multifunction additive多孔介质porons medium多目标定向井multi-target directional well多相稳态胶体悬浮体系polynomial gel suspension system多元醇polyatomic alcohol多元非线性回归multielement non-linesr regression多元统计multivariate statistics惰性材料inert material惰性润滑剂inert lubricantE二次沉淀secondary precipitation二叠系Permian system二甲胺dimethylamine二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵dimethyl diallyl ammonium chloride二价阳离子bivalent ion二开second section二氧化碳（CO2）carbon dioxide二元共聚物binary polymerF发气剂gas-development发展趋势development tendency反排解堵plug removal by reverse flow范氏力van der waals force范氏粘度计fann viscosimeter返回go back to方便钻井液复合粉convenient mud compound powder方程equation芳香烃aromatic group防窜水泥anti-fluid-channeling cement防腐anti-corrosion防卡pipe-sticking prevention ,anti-sticking防漏失lost circulation prevention防气窜anti-fluid-channeling防塌机理mechanism of anti-caving防塌剂anti-caving/collapse agent , clay stabilizer防止prevent…from纺织textile放空不返loss of bit load with loss return放射性示踪剂radioactive tracer tritium非均质nonhomogeneity非离子nonionic非牛顿流体non-newtonian fluid非渗透性impervious废泥浆mud disposal沸石zeolite分布distribution分段固井技术stage cementing technology分光度法spectrophotometer分类division分散dispersion分散剂dispersant分散介质dispersion medium分析analysis分形理论fractal theory分形几何fractal geometry分子molecules分子间能量交换energy exchange between molecules分子量molecular weight分子链molecular chain分子形态shape of molecular chain粉尘dust粉煤灰fly ash粉末powder粉砂质aleuritic texture酚羟基的邻位或对位氢p-or o-hydrogen atom of phenolic group封闭剂sealing agent封闭稳定good isolation封堵formation sealing封堵剂formation sealant封固段interval isolation扶正器centralizer氟硼酸borofluorhydric浮力效应effect of buoyancy孵化速度incubation浮游植物floating vegetation复合combine复合离子multifunctional ionic复合离子聚合物amphiprotic/amphoteric polymers ,复合金属两性离子聚合物composite metal zwitterionic polymer 复合聚合物泥浆compound-polymer mud复配方案compositional formulation复杂地层complex formation, troublesome region ,trick formation复杂度complex rate复杂时效outage time复杂情况down-hole troublesome condition腐蚀corrosion腐蚀电位corrosion potential腐蚀速率corrosion rate腐殖酸humate ,humic acid腐殖酸钾(KHm) potassium humic辅料auxiliary material负negative负压钻井underbalanced drilling符合accord with符合率coincidence rate副产品by-product附加密度addition mud density2004-9-26 08:49 AM#1zhanghaiqing钻井工G改善泥饼质量improvement of mud cake改性modification改性淀粉modified starch改性沥青modified asphalt改造refomation钙calcium钙矾石ettringite钙膨润土钠化sodium modified calcium betonite 干混拌技术mixing technology干扰interfere with甘油glycerol锆zirconium高分子higher molecular weight高分子聚合物macromoleclar polymer高分子絮凝剂polymer flocculant高负荷high load高级脂肪醇树脂higher fatty alcohol高价金属阳离子high valent cationic高角度微裂缝high angle micro-fracture高矿化度地层水highly mineralized formation brines高岭土kaolinite高炉矿渣(BFS) blast furnace slag高密度钻井液high density drilling fluid高难度high challenge高粘度清扫液viscous sweeping fluid高砂比high sand ratio高温静置quiescence in high temperature高温泥浆high-temperature mud高吸水量树脂absorbent resin高温高压流变仪HTHP rheometer高效润滑剂super lubricant高压盐水层high pressured slatwater layer膏岩层gypsolyte膏质泥岩creaming mudstone膏状磺化沥青paste sulphonated asphalt隔离冲洗液spacer/flushing fluid隔离膜isolating membrane各向异性anisotropy工程engineering共聚copolymerization共聚物copolymer共聚物类降粘剂copolymer thinner狗腿dogleg构造裂缝structural fracture固化solidification固化剂hardener , curing agent固井技术cementing technology固体团块solid cake固相solid phase固相含量solid concentration固相颗粒solid particles固相颗粒侵入solid invasion固相控制技术solid control technology固相损害damage of particles固液分离技术centrifugal separation method胍胶guargum瓜尔胶guar挂片失重法weight loss method关掉电机turn off the power光谱spectroscopy硅silicone 硅粉silica powder硅氟fluosilicic硅铝比ratio of silicate to aluminium硅酸钠sodium silicate硅酸盐silicate滚轮失重法roller weight loss method国内外home and abroad过渡金属transitional metal过平衡压力over-balanced pressure过剩浓度residual concentration过氧化物peroxideH海绿石chlorite海上offshore海水泥浆sea water mud海湾bay海洋生物marine animal含量content含水量moisture content耗氧量（COD）chemical oxygen demand耗氧量(BOD520) biological oxygen demand核桃壳粉walnut shell flour核磁共振（NMR）nuclear magnetic resonance 合成synthesis合成基钻井液synthetic base drilling fluid合格eligible合理级配reasonable distribution褐煤lignite赫巴模式Herschel-Buckley model黑色正电胶(BPG) black positive gel恒定滤失速率constant filtration rate葫芦串irregular borehole护胶剂colloid protecting resistance护胶作用colloid stability互层interbeded红外光谱infrared spectrography花岗岩granite划眼作业reaming operation化学螯合剂chelating agent化学冲洗液chemically washing solution化学结垢(沉淀) chemical precipitation环保型environment friendly /acceptable环境保护environment protection环空当量密度annular equivalent density环空返速velocity in annular环空压耗annular pressure lost环氧丙烷epoxypropare环氧氯丙烷(ECH) epoxychloropropane ,epichlorohydric缓蚀剂corrosion inhibitor磺化sulfonation磺化酚醛树脂sulfomethal phenolaldehy resin磺化剂sulfonating agent磺化类处理剂sulfonated additives磺化沥青sulfonated gilsonite磺化沥青泥浆sulfonated-asphalt mud磺甲基酚醛树脂sulfonated methypheuo formald-ehyde磺酸基团sulfonic acid group ,sulfo group灰色关联分析法gray relative analysis method灰岩limestone回归分析regressive analysis回收率recovery percent回填还耕refilling for plowland火成岩igneous rock火山喷发岩volcanic混合金属层状氢氧化物(MMLHC) mixed metal layer hydroxide compound混合金属氢氧化物(MMH) mixed metal hydroxides 混合纤维composite fiber混合盐水mixed salt活动套管moving casing活度water activity活性硅灰activated grammite活性粘土矿物active clayey mineral活性污泥法activated sludge process宏观macroscopicJ基液base fluid机械力mechanical机械杂质mechanical impurity机械钻速(ROP) rate of penetrate及时反出timely return极限剪切粘度high shear viscosity极限应变ultimate strain极性基团polar group极压润滑剂pressured/extreme lubricator挤堵squeeze激光多普勒测速仪(LDA) laser Doppler anemometer激光粒度仪laser particle analyzer激活剂activator技术措施technical measure技术讲座workshop for technology技术经济效果technical-economic effect技术套管intermediate casing 季铵盐quaternary ammonium, anionic group钾potassium ,kalium钾基石灰泥浆potassium base lime mud甲硅烷基化处理methylsilicane甲基methyl甲基硅油聚磺高密度钻井液methyl silicone oil polysulfonatedrilling fluid with high density甲醛formaldehyde , methanal甲酸盐formate加量dosage加重剂heavy weight additive加重泥浆weighted mud加重钻井液“垂沉”sag phenomenon of weighted drilling fluid架桥粒子bridge particle价数valence监督supervision碱alkali简化泥浆处理simplify mud treatment简介brief description检查井inspection well检测inspection/monitor减轻剂lightening admixture减阻剂anti-friction agent , drag reducer剪切破坏shear failure剪切稀释能力shear thinning property , shearing dilution剪切应力shear stress键bond健康,安全与环境(HSE) health , safety and environment间隙clearance降解产物degradation products降粘机理thinning mechanism降粘剂thinner,visbreaker降失水剂fluid loss agent/additive, filtration reducer胶结强度bonding/consolidation strength胶结疏松weak bonding胶囊破胶剂encapsulated gel breaker胶凝gelatify胶凝性质jellyfication胶乳latex胶体率colloid fraction胶体稳定性colloid stability胶质gum交联cross-linking交联剂cross linker交联冻胶gel cross-linking交换液exchange fluid接近concordant with结垢precipitation, scale deposit , fouling结构可瞬时形成或拆散quick formation and breaking结构强度structural strength结合refer to结晶crystallization结晶水crystal water接触角contact angle接枝共聚物grafting copolymerization解卡剂pipe free agent介质medium界面interface界面胶结interfacial cementation金属metal金属离子metal ions紧密堆积理论theory of high packing近井壁near-well zone近平衡钻井near-balanced drilling浸出液leaching agent浸酸改造acidizing经验性总结分析empirical analysis晶格lattice bond净化技术solid control井壁稳定borehole井壁稳定hole stability ,stable borehole井底downhole井底静止温度低(BHST) low borehole static temperature井段interval/section井径well/hole gauge井径规则regular and consistent borehole gauge 井径扩大率hole diameter enlargement rate井口wellhead井漏lost circulation井身结构wellbore configuration井下安全downhole safety井下复杂情况down hole problem井斜inclination井眼well bore ,borehole井眼轨迹well track井眼净化hole cleaning井眼缩径hole shrinkage井眼稳定hole stability井涌kick 浸泡时间soak time静切力(结构力) gel strength/static shear force静损害static damage静态挂片法static weight loss method静态滤失static filtration静液柱压差hydrostatic column pressure difference静置quiescence静止消泡时间static defoaming time静置沉淀static settlement居中centralization居中度centralizer聚α－烯基polyalphaolifen聚丙烯青铵盐ammonium polyacryhoitril聚丙烯酰胺(PAM) polyacrylamide聚电解质poly-electrolyte聚合醇polyalcohol , polyol聚合物不分散泥浆non dispersed polymer mud 聚合物降滤失水剂polymer filtration control agent聚合物三磺盐水泥浆three-sulfonated polymer salt mud聚合物钻井液polymer drilling fluid聚合物混油钻井液poly-oil mixture drilling fluid 聚磺钻井液sulphonated polymer mud聚结稳定性coagulation stability聚乙二醇(PEG) polyethyleneglycol聚乙烯醇(PVA) polyvinyl alcoholK卡森方程Casson equation卡钻pipe-sticking卡钻因子stuck-pipe factor勘探与开发exploration and development开发井development well开钻泥浆spud mud抗冲击韧性toughness抗冲击性impact resistance抗电解质potential resistance to electrolyte contamination抗钙compatibility of calcium抗裂程度rupture strength抗温抗盐heat and salinity tolerance抗压强度compressive strength抗折强度breaking strength栲胶tannin , quebrocho克gram颗粒particle颗粒级配理论theory of granulartity苛刻 rigorous可变形粒子 deformation particle 可靠 inerrable 可逆 reversible 可溶性盐 soluble salt 可压缩性 compressibility 可用性 feasibility 可钻性 drillability 刻度盘 dial scale 坑内密封法 seal in a pit 空气湿度 air humidity 孔洞 cavern 孔喉 pore throat 孔隙 pore孔隙度测井 porosity log 孔隙压力 pore pressure 孔隙液 pore fluid 快钻剂 quick drilling矿化度 mineral salt concentration , mineralization 矿石 ore 矿物 mineral矿物组分 mineralogical composation 矿物晶体 mineral crystal 矿物油 mineral oil 矿渣 slag 扩散 diffusion2004-9-26 08:54 AM#2zhanghaiqing钻井工积分 37 发贴 25 性别 男社区财富 家徒四壁 注册 2004-9-24 来自 胜利钻井泥浆公司 状态 离线 钻井液常用专业词汇（L-R)L老化时间 ageing time 老区 maturing field雷诺数 Renault number 类别 category累计厚度 gross thickness 累托石 rectorite沥青 asphalt ,gilsonite,bitumen沥青类产品 gilsonite and similar materials 离心法敏感性评价 centrifugation sensitivity evaluation离心机 centrifugal machine离心机固控技术 centrifugal solid control 离子 ionic离子形态 ionic forms 粒度 grain grade粒度分布 particles/size distribution 粒度分析 particles size analysis 粒子 particle 砾石充填 gravel pack连通性 formation communication 连续提取法 continuous extraction 两凝水泥浆 two-stage cementing cement 两性离子 zwitter ionic 裂缝 fissure裂缝壁 side of fracture plugging 裂隙地层 fractured formation 裂隙滞后效应 fracture lag-effect 邻井 offset/adjacent well 林产 forestry淋洗量 wash out amount 磷 phosphorus磷酸 phosphate磷酸氢二铵 diammonium phosphate 磷酸盐 phosphate salt 磷酸酯 organic phosphate 临界点 critical point临界环空流速 critical annular fluid velocity 临界流量 critical flow velocity 临界盐度 critical salinity 零点 zero point 零析水 zero free water 硫 sulfur硫化氢 hydrogen sulfide 硫化物 sulfide 硫酸 sulfate硫酸钠 sodium sulphate 流变参数 reheological parameter 流变模式 reheology model 流变性 rheology behavior流变性能改进剂 rheology conditioner流变学rheology流动度fluidity流动介质flow media流动孔喉flowing pore throat流动摩阻压力flowage friction drag流动实验flow test流动阻力flow resistance流沙层drift sand formation流态flow pattern流体力学hydromechanics theory流体输送减阻accelerating fluid feeding流型fluid type漏斗粘度funnel viscosity漏失lost circulation漏失层位location of the thief zone漏失通道porous media陆上onshore卤虫(甲壳类动物) crustacean卤水bitter(luo) chromium络合coordination ,chelate络合行为热效应thermal effect of the coordination录井log裸眼open well裸眼井段barefoot interval滤饼filter cake滤失量filtration滤饼电性质electro kinetic property滤液filtrate滤液侵入filtrate invasion铝aluminum铝酸盐aluminate氯酚chlophenol氯化钙(CaCl2) calcium chloride氯化物chlorideKCl溶液potassium chloride solutionM马来酸酐maleic anhydride埋深burial depth满足…需要meet requirement of曼尼希反应Mannick reaction芒硝层chuco毛细管吸收时间测定仪(CST) capillary suction timer毛细管压力capillary pressure酶enzyme煤层coal bed 煤层气储层coalbed methane reservoir镁magnesium门限流动压差threshold differential pressure of flow蒙脱石smectite咪错基imidazoline醚基ether密胺树脂melamine resin密闭液sealing fluid密度density密实dense幂律模式power law method敏感性sensitivity敏感性流动实验flowrate test膜film , membrane磨铣mill摩擦friction摩擦付friction couples摩擦系数friction coefficient摩阻损失friction loss末端毛细管阻力terminal capillary pressure木质素磺酸盐lignosulfonate模拟analog, simulate模式(型) model目meshN纳米材料nano-composite material纳米技术nano-tech钠sodium钠化sodium treatment钠膨润土泥浆sodium bentonite mud囊衣capsule dressing囊芯capsule-core内聚力cohesion内摩擦角internal frictional angle内泥饼internal filter cake内切圆半径inscribed circle radius内烯烃isomerised olefins内源和外源颗粒endogenous and exogenous granula内在因素intermediate factor能量交换energy exchange泥包bit balling泥饼mud-cake泥饼强度冲刷仪mud filter cake tester泥浆处理mud treatment泥浆跟踪剂mud tracer泥浆配方mud formula泥浆转化为水泥浆(MTC) mud to cement泥岩mudstone , conglomerate泥页岩shale , argillutite泥质膏岩argillaceous粘度viscosity粘度极大值maximum viscosity粘度计viscosimeter粘附adhere粘附张力adhesive tension粘弹性viscoelastic粘土clay粘土分级评价法method of grading mud-making clay粘土矿物层间距(d001) crystal indices粘土矿物含量clay mineral content粘土片clay latice粘土膨胀clay swelling粘土膨胀倍数swelling ratio of clays粘土稳定性clay stability粘性流体viscous fluid柠檬酸citric acid凝固点freezing point凝析油condensate oil牛顿流体Newtonian fluid扭距torque浓度concentration浓硫酸strong sulfuric浓缩concentrationO排列line along排驱压力displacement pressure排水water draining剖面图profile map泡沫流体实验装置aerated fluid test simulator泡沫剂foaming agent泡沫衰变机理foam decay mechanism泡沫质量foam quality泡沫钻井液foam drilling fluid配方formula ,recipe ,composition配浆时间drilling fluid preparing time配位体ligand配伍性compatibility配制madeup盆地basin喷blowout喷射钻井jet drilling喷嘴粘度nozzle viscosity膨润土bentonite ,montmorillonite 膨润土含量bentonite content膨胀swell膨胀剂sweller膨胀率expansion ratio膨胀性堵漏材料expandable plugging additives 硼冻胶boracium gel硼砂borax硼酸盐borate偏心度excentricity偏移shift片麻岩gneiss漂珠hollow microsphere品种variety平衡线膨胀率equalibrium linear expansion value 平衡压力钻井balanced drilling评价evaluation评价标准evaluation criterion评价井appraisal well平板型层流plate laminar flow平均井深average well depth平均线膨胀率average expansion rate平均直径mean diameter屏蔽环shielding zone屏蔽暂堵技术temporary shielding method ,barrier-building temporary seal incores 破胶剂gel breaker破胶性breaking property破裂压力fracture pressure破裂压力梯度fracture pressure gradient破乳break the emulsion破乳剂demulsifying agent葡萄糖glucoseQ起到重要作用play an important role起泡剂frothing agent起下钻阻卡blockage during tripping气液表面能gas-liquid interface energy迁移migration前置液prepad fluid铅（Pb）lead潜在因素implicit factor潜山buried hill浅高压气层shallow high pressure gas formation 浅海shallow-water , neritic area浅井shallow well嵌段聚合物block polymer欠饱和盐水钻井液unsaturated salt water drilling fluid欠平衡钻井underbanlanced drilling欠压实uncompaction羟基hydroxy羟基水hydroxy water羟丙基淀粉hydroxypropul starch羟乙基纤维素hydroxyethyl cellulose强造浆软泥岩high mud making soft shale桥堵剂bridge additive切力shearing force侵入深度invasion depth侵蚀erosion亲核化学吸附nucleophyllic chemical adsorption 亲水环境hydrophilic environment亲水性hydrophilcity亲油性lipophilic氢hydrogen氢氟酸hydrofluoric acid氢键hydrogen bond氢氧化钠alkali氢氧化钙calcium hydroxide清扫液sweeping fluid清水clear water清洗剂cleaning agent蜻纶acrylon fiber蜻纶费丝nitrilon倾角dip angle丘陵hill type球形胶束roundness glues区块block屈服强度shear strength屈服值yielding point曲边三角形curved line trangle取代度substituted ratio取芯core,coring operation取芯进尺coring footage取芯收获率coring recovery rate曲线curve去除wipe off醛aldehydeR热采井thermal production wells热分析thermoanalysis热滚hot aging热滚分散实验roller oven test , hot rolling test热力学thermodynamics热凝橡胶coagulative rubber热效应thermal effect热稳定性temperature resistance ,heat stability ,stabilityat high temperature热重法(TG) thermogravimetry人工神经网络artificial neural network韧性tenacity韧性粒子tenacity particle日产气daily gas融合amalgamation溶洞cave溶胶sol溶解氧dissolved oxygen溶蚀corrode溶蚀性孔洞solution cave溶液solution柔性棒状胶束flexibility claviform glues蠕虫状胶束vermiculate glues乳滴聚结实验emulsion drop aggregation test乳化emulsify ,emulsion乳化剂emulsifier乳化钻井液emulsion drilling fluid乳化作用emulsification入井液working fluid软化点沥青softening point asphalt软泥岩soft mudstone软件包software package润滑剂lubricant润滑仪lubricity tester润湿反转wetting transition , wettability reversed 润湿性wettability弱面weak planeS塞流顶替plug-flow displacement3r/min读值3r/m reading三高一适当(3H1S) three high and one proper三磺饱和盐水泥浆three-sulfonated-polymer-saturated-brine mud三钾胺dimethyl amine三甲基单烯丙基氯化铵trimethyl allyl ammonium chloride三维网状结构three-dimensional network structure三乙醇胺triethavolamine散射scatter铯cesium射孔perforation射孔液perforation fluidX-射线计算机层析技术(CT) computerizedtomography沙砾岩glutenite砂泥岩sand shale砂岩sand ,sandstone杀菌剂bacteriostat筛管screen pipe上泵容易easy pumpability上部地层upper formation /segment上古生界upper palaeozoic上升趋势escalating trend上下密度差difference of densities上下限top and bottom limitation上游领域upstream扫描电镜(SEM) scanning electronic microscope 设计design设计原理design principle神经网络nerve network深穿透射孔枪弹deep penetrating bullet深度depth深井钻井deep drilling深探井exploration well渗流phase flow s渗漏leakage渗透peculation `渗透率fluid permeability渗透率各向异性permeability anisotropy渗透率恢复值return permeability渗透水化osmotic hydration渗透性地层permeable formation渗析纯化purified by dialysis method声波测井sonic logging声幅值acoustic amplitude生产能力production capacity生态环境ecology environment生物处理biological treatment生物毒性biotoxicity生物降解biological degradation生物聚合物biological polymer ,xanthan生物流化床法biological fluid bed method生物滤池法bio-filter process生物转盘法biological rotary method实验trail十八醇octadecanol失水water loss失重weightlessness, weight loss时间推移技术time delaying method石膏gypsolyte, gypsum石灰lime 石蜡alpha , paraffin wax石炭系carboniferous system石英quartz石油加工oil refinery石油裂化petroleum cracking process施工作业field operation事故率failure rate湿挤压wet-extrusion室内模拟实验simulating lab test室内实验和现场lab and field室内研究laboratory study室温ambient temperature适量defined amount适应温度reaction temperature示踪分析法mud filtrate tracer analysis释放release收缩shrink疏水性hydrophobicity叔胺盐tertiary ammonium salt数据库data base数学模型mathematical model数字模拟digital analog塑料小球plastic beads树脂resin, colophony s束缚irreducible束缚水bond water衰变decay瞬时滤失instantaneous filtration , spurt loss瞬时速度instantaneous velocity双层组合套管固井技术pipe-in-pipe casing string 双电层斥力double electrode layer repulsion双分支侧钻水平井bi-lateral sidetracking horizontal well水包油型乳化液oil-in-water fluid水不溶物water insoluble matter水层water layer水化hydration水化膨胀分散hydrous disintegration水化抑制剂hydrate control水泥环cement sheath水泥浆cement slurry水泥石set cement水泥熟料cement clinker水泥早强剂cement hardener水解hydration水解度hydrolyzing degree水力学hydraulics水基泥浆water-base drilling fluid水敏性water sensitivity水平井段net horizontal section水平井段长extended horizontal depth水平井偏心环空horizontal eccentric annulus水平位移horizontal displacement水溶性water-soluble水溶液aqueous solution水锁water lock水眼粘度bit nozzle viscosity ,Casson high shear viscosity锶strontium四苯硼酸钠sodium tetraphenyl borate四级固控系统four stage solid control system四球机four-ball instrument松弛测量法relaxation measurement松散地层unconsolidated formation松散吸附水adsorbed water塑性粘度plastic viscosity塑性水泥plastic cement速度场velocity field速敏speed-sensitivity速凝fast setting速凝剂accelerator酸度计滴定法acidometer titration酸酐anhydride酸碱滴定法acid-base titration酸敏acid sensitivity酸溶性acid soluble酸性条件acidic condition酸性粘土acid clay酸渣acid-slug随钻堵漏plugging while drilling顺利go smoothly缩合condensation缩合共聚condensation-copolymerization缩径hole shrinkage羧基carboxylic ,carboxyl羧甲基纤维素钠(Na-CMC) sodium salt of carboxy methyl-celluloseT塔里木盆地tarim basin太古界archaeozoic滩海tidal坍塌slough /cave坍塌压力collapse pressure坍塌页岩sloughing shale弹塑性plastoelasticity弹性力学elastic mechanic 弹性模量elastic modulus探井prospecting well碳化carbonization碳酸钙calcium carbonate碳酸氢根离子(HCO3-) bicarbonate ion碳酸盐carbonate碳质carbon羰基carboxide陶粒ceramsite套管casing套管壁casing wall套管居中casing centralization套管开窗井段window killing section套管外封隔器external casing packer特低密度ultralow density特性粘度intrinsic viscosity梯度gradient梯度多凝水泥浆gradient multi-setting cement slurry提出propose提取extraction体积分布volume distribution体积分散volume ratio体积恢复当量equivalent volume体系system天然或人造natural and synthetic填充粒子filler particle田青粉sesbania调凝剂thickening time control agent调整井adjustment well铁垢iron dirty铁矿粉hematite铁离子(Fe) ferrous ion铁离子稳定剂ferrous stability铁落木质素磺酸盐fer-rochrome lignosulfonte烃类hydro carbons通井drafting process同时simultaneously同心环空concentric annulus统计statistics统计分析statistics analysis投料比rate of charge土酸clay/mud acid钍thorium途径way突破breakthroughW外部因素external factors。
英语三级翻译考试基础词汇表
Adobe Abolish Abortion Abound Absorb Abstract Abuse Academy Acceptance Access Accidental Accommodation Accompany Account Accuracy Accurate Accuse Accustomed AcquireAcquit Acquisition Adequate Administration Admirable Admission AdoptAdoreAdroit Advantageous Adventure Adversity Advisable Aesthetic Aesthetics Affection Affectionate Affirm Agelike AggrieveAkinAlbumAlien Alimentation Allude AllusionAloofAlternativeAltitudeAmateurAmbiguousAmbiguityAmbitionAmbivalenceAmbulanceAmbushAmiableAmissAmmunitionAmountAnarchismAncestorAnimateAnimosityAnonymousAnticipateAntipathyAntiqueApparentAppealAppeaseAppeasementAppendApplaudApplicationAppointAppointmentAppraiseAppreciateApprehendApproachAppropriateApproveApproximateArbitrateArchitectureArchiveArdourArithmeticArmisticeArrayArrestArroganeArrowArtificialAscertainAskewAspireAspirationAssaultAssembleAssertAssertionAssessmentAssociateAsylumAttorneyAtypicalAuctionAudienceAuditAutobiographyAvailableAvariceAvengeAvenueAverseAvertAwaitAwkwardnessBacteriaNalBankruptBarBarbarianBarbarismBargainBarometerBarrageBashfulBatteryBawdyBayBearingBeastBegetBehalfBeholdBelieverBelittlerBemuddleBemuseBemusementBenameBenedictionBeneficialBenevolenceBenevolentBenignBenumbedBepaintBequeathBeseechBesiegeBespeakBestowBestrideBetideBetrayBetrayalBetrayerBetrothedBettermentBettermostBewriteBiasedBiblicalBiochemistryBiologyBiosphereBirthmarkBlackoutBladeBleedBlendBlockBlockadeBloody Bloom blubBlur Boast Boisterous Bold Bond Bondage Boom Boon Bounce Bound Boundary Bounteous Bountiful Bounty Bouquet Bow Brace Brag Braggart Braid Brainchild Brainman Brain-trust Brainwash Brainwork Brainy Brand Breach Breed Brevity Brew Briefing Brilliance Brilliant Brittle Bubble BuoyBuy-back Cab Cable Calamity CampaignCanalCandidCandidateCanonCaptivateCaptureCardinalCargoCaricatureCarnalCarnivalCartoonCashCashierCasualCasualtyCautionCeaseCelerityCellCementCensorCensoriousCentrifugalCentripetalCeremonyCertificateCertificateCertifyChallengeChampionshipChanceChannelChantChaosCharacteristicChargeCharitableCharityChasteChillChoiceChokeChopChorusChronicleCivilianCivilizationCivilizeClaimClarifyClashClientClumsyCoachCoatCodeCombatCombinationCombineCommentaryCommerceCommercialCommitmentCommunicateCommunityComparativeCompareComparisonCompassCompelCompetitiveComplainComplaintComplexComplicatedCompositionCompoundCompoundComprehensionComprehensiveCompressConcealConcedeConcentrateConcessionConcreteCondemnCondenseConductConfessConfidenceConfidentConfineConfirmConflictCongressConnectionConnotationConquerConquestConscienceConsentConsequenceConsiderableConsiderateConsistConsistentConsoleConsolidateConsortConspicuousConstituteConstrainConstructConstructionConsultConsultancyConsultantConsummateConsumeContagiousContemptContemptibleContemptuousContendContingencyContinualContinuousContractContradictContradict 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Resist Resistance Resistant Resolute Resolution Resolve Resonance Resonance Resonant Resort Resource Resourceful Respective Responsibility Responsible Restitute Restless Restore Retain Retaliate Retard Retarded Retire Retreat Reveal Revelation Revenge Revenue Reverberate Reviewer Revise Revision Revival Revive Revolve Rhetoric Rhyme Rhythm RiddleRigidRigor Rigorous 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SquatSqueakSqueakSqueezeStabilizeStableStackStadiumStaffStageStaggerStagnantStainStakeStaleStalkStammerStampStandardizeStandpointStapleStarchStartleStarveStatelyStaticStationaryStationeryStatisticStatueStatureStatusStatuteStatutoryStaunchSteadfastSteadySteakStealthySteamSteamerSteepSteerStemStenographyStepfatherStepmotherStereotypeSterlingSternStewStewardStickStickyStiffStimulateStimulusStingStinkStirStockStoicStomachStorageStoutStraddleStraggleStraightforwardStrainStraggleStrapStrawStrawberryStrayStreamStreamlineStressStretchStrictionStrideStridentStrifeStrikeStrikingStringStringentStripStripeStriveStrokeStrollStructureStrutStubbornStuffStumbleStumpStunSturdyStylestylishSaveSubdueSubjectSubjectiveSubmitSubordinateSubpoenaSubscribeSubsequentSubservientSubsideSubsidiarySubsidizeSubsidySubsistSubsonicSubstanceSubstantialSubstituteSubterraneanSubtleSubtletySubtractSubwaySubversiveSubvertSucceedSuccessionSuccessiveSuccessorSuckSue Suffice Sufficient Suffrage Suffuse SuicideSuitSuite SultrySum Summarize Summary Summit Sumptuous Sunder Sundry Sunny Superior Superiority Supernal Supersede Supersonic Superstition Supervise Suppose Suppress Supreme Surface Surge Surgeon Surgery Surmount Surmise Surmount Surpass Surplus Surrender Surreptitious Survey Survival Susceptible Suspect Suspend Suspense SuspensionSuspicionsuspiciousSustainSustenanceSwaggerSwallowSwarmSwearSweatSweepSwellSwerveSwingSwitchSymbolizeSymmetrySympatheticSympathizeSympathySymphonySymposiumSymptomSynchronizeSynthesisTableTableTabooTackTackleTactTacticTagTailTailorTameTamperTanTankTankerTantamountTapTapeTaperTarTardyTargetTariffTartTavernTaxTeaseTechnicalityTechnicianTediousTeemTelescopeTeleviseTemperTemperamentTemperateTempestTempoTemporaryTemptTemptationTenaciousTenantTendTendencyTenderTenseTensionTentativeTenuousTermTerminateTerrainTerrestrialTerrifyTerritoryTerrorTestifyTestimonyTextureThatchThawTheaterTheftTherapyThermalThermometerThighThirstThirstyThornThoughtfulThrallThrashThreadThreatThreatenThresholdThriftThriftyThriveThriveThrobThroneThrongThrustThumbThumpThwartTickTideTidingsTidyTieTierTileTiltTimberTimidTimorousTingeTinkleTipTireTissueTitleTitular。
核心素养理念下小学生数学估算能力的培养 (4)
核心素养理念下小学生数学估算能力的培养数学估算是指在实际生活中，通过已知条件，推算未知数值的一种数学技能。
随着现代社会的快速发展，数学估算能力的重要性日益凸显出来。
小学生的数学估算能力的培养是以后其形成数学思维的基础。
随着STEM教育的普及，小学生数学估算能力的培养被更加重视起来。
对于小学生数学估算能力的培养，本文以核心素养为基础，探讨小学生数学估算能力的培养方法及策略。
二、核心素养下小学生数学估算能力的概念与内涵核心素养是指现代社会对于人才的能力要求。
其中包含四大领域：文化素养、信息素养、创新素养、生活素养。
数学估算能力作为生活素养的一部分，被定义为能够灵活运用数学知识、方法和思想，解决实际问题的能力。
核心素养的理念下小学生数学估算能力的内涵包括以下几个方面：1. 确定问题：小学生应该具备思路清晰、逻辑明确的能力，能够准确理解问题，运用已知条件分析问题。
2. 估算分析：小学生应该具备分析问题的能力，能够根据已知条件，推算出未知数据，对结果进行估算分析。
3. 运用数学知识：小学生应该掌握一定的数学知识，能够把实际问题抽象成数学问题，并运用数学知识解决问题。
4. 合理估算：小学生应该具备合理估算的能力，能够根据已知条件，快速、准确地计算，给出合理估算结果。
5. 思考：小学生应该具备思考的能力，能够针对实际问题，寻找切实可行的解决方法。
三、根据核心素养的理念是小学生数学估算能力的培养策略1. 采用实际问题引导学生运用估算策略。
小学生通常喜欢抽象的概念、抽象的理论，因此，教师应该采用真实的实际问题引导学生锻炼估算能力。
比如，通过小学生身边常见的物品，如书、笔、糖等，设计不同的问题，让学生通过计算、估算解决问题。
比如，如果一个学生要花10天时间读完一本100页的书，那么他一天需要读多少页？2. 在教学中，加强对数学知识的讲解和应用。
数学知识是数学估算能力的基础。
教师应该根据小学生的实际情况，提高数学基础知识和技能，逐渐引导学生逐步掌握数学估算方法的技巧。
单词天天练完整版
20.accuse vt.
30.admission n.
21.accustomed a. (to)
22.acute a.
23.acid n. a.
24.acknowledge vt.
25.acquaintance n.
26.acquire vt.
27.acquisition n.
31.agency n.
25.contradict 26.contradiction n 27.contrary n. a. 28.contribution n. 29.control vt.& n. 30.controversial 31.conventional 32.convey v
单词天天练一(12)
1. cousin n. 2. crash v&n 3. criterion (pl.
promise n
pulsory adj.
单词天天练一(11)
1. condemn vt. 2. conduct vt. 3. conductor n. 4. confident a 5. confidential a 6. conference n. 7. confirm vt. 8. conflict n 9. confuse v 10.conscience n 11.consensus n 12.consequence n 13.conservation n.
单词天天练一(10)
1. clumsy a
mit vt.
2. collar n.
3. colleague n. 4. collection n.
mitment n mittee n
5. collision n
新东方四级词汇乱序版
Word List 19saddle 马鞍lest 唯恐creep 爬行afford 承担trial 审判，测验inn 小旅店choke 噎着dental 牙的council 委员会，理事会portion 比例lodge 旅馆troop 军队，一群vague 模糊的tropical 炎热的，热带的coil 一卷benefit 受益troublesome 麻烦的，讨厌的female 女性的pose 造型truly 真诚的peculiar 独特的export 出口resume 重新开始portrait 肖像utter 完全bacteria 细菌idle 闲逛pledge 承诺exchange 交换emotion 情绪harsh 刺耳的exposure 暴露saving 节约reasonable 通情达理的trumpet 唢呐applause 鼓掌nonsense 废话fantasy 幻想usage 用处finance 财政exaggerate 夸大trunk 树桩grocer 杂货店cruise 巡游initial 最初的railroad 铁路tube 管道attain 达到devise 设计density 密度tune 调子source 源shrug 耸肩daylight 日光tunnel 隧道site 位置turbine 涡轮机handy 手边的background 背景tutor 导师sauce 酱汁combine 组合pill 药bay 湾ceremony 典礼formula 公式reservior 水库delete 删除pump 泵backward 向后twist缠绕range 范围niece 侄女protest 反对Word List 20 centimetre 厘米predict 预测acquaintance 熟识learning 学识spider 蜘蛛counsel 忠告commit 犯罪typewriter 打字机sin 罪过sow 播种companion 伙伴destination 目的地typical 典型的corresponding 相关的donkey 驴子frontier 前线outlook 展望，前景typist 打字员apart 分开additional 另外的consequence 结果nevertheless 然而dirt 污秽lobby 前厅occasional 偶然的doubtful 怀疑的committee 委员会tyre 轮胎ugly 丑陋的parallel 平行的cooperate 合作appetite 食欲impose 强迫invade 侵略controversy 争论confident 自信的nursery 育婴房fraction 部分cabinet 橱amid 在...之中manufacturer 制造商independence 独立academic 学院的evolve 进化exception 例外dictation 听写profession 职业authority 权利deposit 积累enquiry 询问differ 区别于argument 争论memorial 纪念碑faculty 系，学科dim 昏暗的moreover 而且earnest 郑重其事地heroic 行英雄的umbrella 雨伞orchestra 管弦乐队arithmetic 算数basically 基本地battery 电池heel 脚后跟oblige 迫使convict 判罪respond 负责cite 引用，举例discard 丢弃grab 抢劫deceive 欺骗senior 高级的modest 谦虚的continuous 连续不断的Word List 21comprise 包括revolt 反叛expense 消耗campus 校园mold 霉菌insure 保险cash 现金virtue 优点violent 狂暴的react 反应odd 奇怪的diverse 不同的manual 手工的uncover 覆盖ban 禁止confront 直面undergo 经历journal 杂志emperor 君王undergraduate 大学肄业生circular 循环的dictate 听写inform 通知underground 地铁hook 钩underline 下划线male 雄性的proceed 前进hydrogen 氢force 力fog 雾fluid 流体drill 钻机understanding 理解的nitrogen 氮commission 委员会jaw 颌undertake 承诺salary 工资skilled 熟练地assembly 集会merry 快乐undo 解开扣子undoubtedly 毫无疑问地globe 全球的uneasy 不舒服precious 珍贵的mosquito 蚊子petroleum 汽油favourable 赞同的sightseeing 观光economic 经济的multiple 多重的poverty 贫困rely 依赖effort 努力accumulate 积累cheat 欺骗humorous 幽默的rare 罕见的rival 对手echo 回声investment 投资collapse 倒塌corridor 走廊despite 不顾pit 坑counter 柜台balcony 楼厅diplomatic 外交的cigar 雪茄bathe 洗澡conquer 征服inflation 膨胀Word List 22 thermometer 温度计worthwhile 值得scenery 景色terror 恐怖average 平均democracy 共和slap 掴obstacle 障碍occur 出现nuisance 讨厌的人significance 重要性up-to-date 最新的justify 证明...有理neglect 无视membership 会员身份union 联合roller 辊压机formation 形成punctual 守时的relieve 减缓candy 糖果spokesman 发言人employer 雇主unique 独特的mathematics 数学herd 群cheerful 鼓舞人心的advertise 打广告reflexion（=reflection）反射unite 联合secure 安全的mineral 矿石universal 普遍的lane 小径beloved 亲爱的adapt 适应mislead 误导drag 拖flash 闪immigrant 移民remarkable 令人惊叹的increasingly 越来越indoor 室内的palm 手掌exclusive 奢侈的namely 即universe 宇宙burst 爆发preferable 更好的filter 滤过anyhow 不管怎么样score 得分qualify 满足条件global 全球的heave 起伏，举unless 除非excessive 过分的marine 海军behalf 利益，方面advanced 高级的，领先的soda 苏打unlike 不像adjust 调整unload 卸下leader 领导spelling 拼写accordingly 一致anxiety 焦躁ridiculous 荒谬的unusual 不寻常的scholarship 奖学金divorce 离婚headquarters 总部commerce 商业Word List 23torture 折磨fashion 时尚incident 小事upset 失落underneath 在...下面recover 恢复theory 理论evolution 进化myth 神话trim 整洁的mud 泥浆unfortunately 不幸地relate 联系，相关extraordinary 不凡的debt 债urge 急切做urgent 急切的qualification 资格satellite 卫星publication 出版cliff 峭壁restrain 克制commander 指挥官carpet 地毯peer 凝视highway高速公路breed 饲养ensure 确保requirement 要求attempt 努力flock 群largely 很大程度上restraint 克制focus 集中protective 保护性的utility 效用jet 喷气飞机coordinate 协调restore 恢复receipt 收据contrary 相反方面Christian 基督教徒hardware 硬件bloom 开花dragon 龙specimen 标本chew 咀嚼utmost 极度的original 初始的religion 宗教communication 交流beyond 超出vacant 空的conclude 做结论restrict 阻止respectively 分别fairly 公平sailor 海员，水手remark 评论assure 使确信balance 平衡campaign 运动，战役psychological 心理学的contradiction 矛盾，否定dose 一剂vacation 假期immediately 立即vacuum 真空ore 矿石clause 从句cattle 牲口barn 牲口棚laser 激光initiative 主动性，首创精神compel 使屈服Word List 24basis 基础contact 接触guarantee 保证semiconductor 半导体rib 肋骨obvious 明显的geometry 几何butcher 屠夫triumph凯旋maid 女仆eyesight 视力interview 采访vain 无劳paste 浆糊soak 浸泡exceed 超越boom 激增item 项目hammer 榔头metric 米制的jar 罐头resource 资源compose 创作military 军事package 包裹van 货车，领导者，先驱besides 另外injection 注射laboratory 实验室vanish 消失experimental 实验的mysterious 神秘的sake 缘故keen 强烈的vapour 蒸汽haste 急忙magic 魔法poisonous 有毒的aid 援助coach 教练decrease 降低relief 缓解continual 连续的slight 轻微的stare 凝视grace 优雅band 带，乐团mechanical 力学的considerate 体贴的ditch 沟渠ignorance 天真，无知balloon 气球brake 刹车data 数据bake 烘焙gear 齿轮patient 耐心的altitude 海拔inquiry 询问implement 贯彻，执行remind 提醒pint 品脱engine 发动机bid 叫价scout 侦查mould 霉菌avenue 林荫道instance 例子career 事业fountain 喷泉format 格式correspond 相关Word List 25clarify 澄清mercy 恩惠expression 表示exact 确实decade 十年dimension 维度vision 视unity 统一vigorous 活力的via 通过skim 略读severe 严重的conquest 征服improve 提高variety 种类election 选举expert 专家dive 跳水various 多种多样的rifle 来福步枪stake 刑柱，股份corporation 合作vary 呈现不同eagle 山鹰figure 数字，人vast 广阔的simplify 简化instead 替代shell 贝壳drawer 抽屉quote 引号，引用depress 使压抑schedule 日程表limitation 限制disturb 打扰cancer 癌症accord 一致industrial 工业的preference 偏爱screen 屏幕error 错误gratitude 毕业slam 关门evil 邪恶的accent 口音imagination 想象力elsewhere 其余地方champion 冠军framework 框架social 社会的endure 忍受gradual 逐渐的sleeve 袖子concession 承认，许可vehicle 交通工具register 注册apology 道歉luggage 行李desperate 极渴望的billion 十亿venture 商业冒险queue 队列aside 一边reflect 反射beneficial 有益的repeatedly 反复地kindergarten 幼儿园verify 核实reduction 减少version 版本implication 暗示accustomed 习惯的helicopter 直升机normal 普通的Word List 26shiver 颤抖stadium 体育馆grasp 抓住economy 经济rotten 腐烂的dash 猛冲recently 最近地concept 概念rigid 死板的entertain 使娱乐vertical 垂直的vessel 管道evident 明显的apologize 道歉scholar 学者costly 昂贵的veteran 老士兵glimpse 一瞥finally 最终approval 准许judgement 判断regulation 管理，规章cord 绳powder 粉末improvement 提高remote 遥远的provide 提供rub 揉搓fiction 小说occurrence 出现adopt 接受navigation 航海adventure 探险float 漂浮dynamic 动力学的vibrate 振动indifferent 冷漠的plot 线索horror 恶心的fatigue 疲劳consideration 考虑vice 堕落notebook 笔记本chop 劈respect 方面admission 准许disease 疾病ignore 忽视infect 影响confirm 证明harbour 港口concrete 坚实的organic 有机的phase 相previous 预先的helpless 无助的amaze 使惊奇despair 绝望victim 受害者possibility 可能性video 视频viewpoint 观点erect 矗立obey 遵守rarely 很少地vinegar 醋approach 方式，达到violate 违反distinction 显著不同holy 神圣的philosophy 哲学golf 高尔夫outward 向外的section 部分penalty 惩罚Word List 27dump 倾销internal 内部的installation 安装charge 掌管，电荷criticize 批评disorder 混乱rocket 火箭dessert 甜点dispute 辩论butterfly 蝴蝶circuit 环路frequent 频繁的depart 离开lens 透镜sigh 叹息violence 暴力reserve 保存aluminium 铝hence 所以pine 松木opening 开始，空缺acid 酸hen 母鸡giant 巨大的crystal 水晶，晶体operational 可执行的racial 种族的construction 结构planet 行星image 图像blade 刀刃physicist 物理学家sack 麻袋behave 行为organism 有机体shortly 简短地interval 间隔violet 紫罗兰draught 拖拉appointment 约定meantime 同时murder 谋杀violin 小提琴perspective 远景，透视图laundry 洗衣房virtual 事实上virtually事实上calculate 计算confess 承认appearance 外貌virus 病毒ambulance 救护车，野战队liberty 自由consequently 因此所以insist 坚持要求，认为solar 太阳的flourish 装修correspondence 联系pronoun 代词property 财产shave 剃刮selection 选举limited 限制的enormous 大量的，巨大的impact 影响visible 可见的conceal 隐藏earthquake 地震curriculum 课程feature 特点loaf 屋顶stain 玷污demand 要求，需求media 媒介comparative 相比的Word List 28massive 重的，巨大的ultimate 最终extent 面积，长度employment 雇佣medium 居中的urban 城市的engineering 工程marvelous 不可思议的event 大事resolve 决心avoid 避免respective 分别boast 自夸sew 缝纫indicate 暗示govern 掌控visual 可视的utilize 利用chase 追赶prevail 说服pillow 枕头packet 包heap 堆variation 多样性primary 初级的dense 密集的outside 外面owe 欠interfere 干涉burden 压力scatter 传播，分散starve 挨饿simplicity 简朴bare 裸露的compound 化合物orderly 有序的resolution 决心learned 有教养的shelter 藏身之处reporter 记者profile 侧脸shed 库棚necessarily 必要地vitamin 维生素reproduce 再生产grateful 感激的convenience 方便vivid 生动的outset 开始deserve 值得assignment 指派，分配principal 校长enable 使能够refrigerator 冰箱keyboard 键盘poison 毒药mill 磨坊electrical 电的install 安装output 产量ally 联盟vocabulary 词汇athlete 运动员honourable 光荣的brass 黄铜merely 仅仅地engage 花时间做，订婚sphere 球，球状的purple 紫色volcano 火山decline 下降classic 传统的stale 腐烂的Word List 29liberate 自由，解放standpoint 立场activity 活动volt 伏特arrange 安排canal 运河device 装置voltage 电压angle 角度volume 容量voluntary 志愿的rhythm 韵律bore 使枯燥marriage 婚姻bet 打赌spade 铁锹official 官方的beast 野兽drum 鼓crash 冲撞boot 长筒靴charm 魅力literature 文学handbag 手提包volunteer 志愿者oval 椭圆的glorious 光荣的inspire 使振奋精神protection 保护argue 争论cop 警察given 规定的，给定的chapter 章节likely 有可能的omit 省略，遗漏adequate 充分的departure 分开according 已知的shift 改变sophisticated 老于世故的damp 潮湿的fry 炸extension 延伸instruction 说明，引荐assumption 假定potential 潜在的permanent 永久的quit 放弃region 地域overseas 海外的vote 选票furnace 装修wagon 四轮马车agriculture 农业oven 电炉waist 腰editor 编辑republican 共和主义者factor 因素hint 暗示waken 唤醒plunge 骤降applicable 适当的wander 散步luxury 奢侈品loosen 松的readily 乐意地devil 魔鬼border 国界warmth 温暖creative 创造性的waterproof 防水的cargo 货物complaint 抱怨Word List 30explosion 爆炸economical 节约的progressive 进步的residence 阻力的，抵抗的resemble 类似于perception 感知annoy 扰乱whichever 不管哪个whereas 然而rob 打劫recommend 推荐pitchperform 表演connect 连接pilot 飞行员vital 必不可少的scold 训斥intense 强烈的horrible 恶心的，可怕的edition 版次speculate 猜想，投机mechanism 机制，机理dumb 哑的handwriting 手写educate 教育landlord 地主glove 手套scope 范围recovery 恢复weaken 使衰弱refusal 拒绝wealth 财富overall 整体上reputation 名声ending 结局spill 溢出character 字母，特点notify 通知pollute 污染persist 坚持principle 原则peak 山峰margin 页边空白regarding 关于repetition 重复spectacular 壮观的humour 幽默感achievement 成就salad 沙拉fare 车费flame 火焰convention 习俗network 网络reservation 保存ribbon 缎带plentiful 丰富的classify 分类weapon 武器dissolve 溶解splendid 壮观的scarce 少见的politics 政治学alphabet 字母表performance 表演clumsy 笨拙的ax 斧子wealthy 富裕的detect 发觉physician 物理学家guy 家伙administration 政府emphasize 强调frost 冻坏Word List 31 contribution 贡献weave 编织crane 起重机muscle 肌肉admire 羡慕，崇拜exclude 排除inquire 询问dialect 方言weed 杂草accident 事故Negro 黑人identify 识别instrument 器具scratch 抓dependent 依靠的moral 道德的individual 单独的loan 借出divide 分chin 下巴shield 盾牌minimum 最小的lump 肿块loose 释放scissors 剪刀diameter 直径soar 酸痛molecule 分子gaze 凝视relationship 关系reality 现实risk 危险fee 费mature 成熟的provided 提供的curiosity 求知欲，好奇心organ 器官grind 碾碎harmony 和谐lamb 羊羔column 栏目weekly 每周riot 暴乱being 人plus 加nightmare 梦魇budget 预算chart 聊天，表格porter 搬运工人dusk 黄昏somewhat 有一点weep 流泪weld 焊接competition 竞赛gallon 加仑convert 皈依publish 出版market 市场kneel 跪postpone 延迟liter 升click 点击logical 逻辑的convince 使相信headline 提要disaster 灾难welfare 福利pierce 刺入ankle 踝关节radiation 放射线origin 初始well-known 著名的exhaust 耗尽hardship 困难Word List 32bubble 泡intimate 亲密的defeat 战胜bacon 咸肉creature 生物optional 可以任选的probable 大概的fuss 大惊小怪的wax 蜡nucleus 原子核financial 财政的sequence 顺序concede 承认，让步brand 商品junior 年少的whale 鲸whatsoever 任何relax 放松fireman 消防员crust 面包皮observation 观察mention 提及guideline 指导方针insight 洞察力nuclear 核能的seminar 研讨会colony 殖民地jeans 牛仔裤deliberate 故意的catalog 目录salesman 售货员liver 肝inevitable 必然的deck 甲板arrangement 整理forbid 禁止account 账目operator 话务员whilst 当…的时候lid 盖子humble 简陋的descend 下降furniture 家具aggressive 好斗的footstep 足迹invent 发明plantation 种植园accurate 准确的mankind 人类log 原木pessimistic 悲观的neighbourhood 四邻glow 发白热光injure 伤害objective 目标alter 改变electricity 电apparent 明显的arrow 箭occupy 占hunt 打猎poll 民意测验grape 葡萄capacity 容量refresh 振作精神guidance 引导ounce 盎司applicant 申请人ashamed 惭愧的draft 草稿whip 鞭笞philosopher 哲学家greenhouse 温室Word List 33 competitive 竞争的destruction 破坏application 申请impatient 急躁的logic 逻辑negotiate 协商germ 细菌whisper 低语withdraw 撤回aspect 方面require 要求beam 面露喜色smash 粉碎responsible 有责任感的accompany 陪伴affection 感情detail 细节commercial 商业的efficiency 效率organization 组织whistle 口哨injury 伤害refugee 难民embarrass 使为难inhabitant 居民province 省collective 集体的ruin 毁灭resist 反抗genius 天才quotation 引文hut 小屋community 社区isolate 使隔离whoever 无论谁snap 仓促的ache 疼痛optical 光学的alarm 警报wholly 全部的semester 学期impress 给…留下印象fate 命运resistant 抵抗的maximum 最大量wicked 坏的possess 拥有widen 加宽widespread 分布广的active 积极地beard 胡须classification 分类postage 邮费widow 寡妇accidental 偶然happen 碰巧element 成分era 时代arise 出现poem 诗explosive 爆炸的width 宽度grammar 语法wisdom 智慧insult 侮辱freight 货运physical 身体的conversely 相反地wit 风趣location 位置hostile 不友善的reject 拒绝purchase 购买Word List 34jewel 宝石determination 决心preliminary 初步的withstand 反抗insect昆虫civil 公民的scrape 刮blast 爆炸witness 证人melt 融化scream 尖叫hopeless 绝望的wolf 狼sacrifice 牺牲forge 伪造lover 情人connection 联系possession 所有wool 羊毛identical 完全相同的preceding 前面的workshop 车间entry 入口处digest 消化rate 比率define 限定fulfill 履行generous 慷慨的owner 物主passive 消极的chaos 混乱workman 工人motive 动机attract 吸引revise 修改senate 参议院observe 观察alcohol 酒精settlement 解决radar 雷达gum 口香糖worm 虫grip 抓紧optimistic 乐观的nature 本性brilliant 卓越的worldwide 遍及全球的inferior 下等的audio 听觉的circulate 循环abandon 丢弃assist 协助pattern 型index 索引worship 崇拜fleet 舰队mixture 混合currency 货币outlet 出口facility 设备attorney 律师regulate 管理intend想要brick 砖measure 测量claw 爪rat 鼠feasible 可行的parcel包裹worthless 无用的leap 跳horizon 地平线socialism 社会主义Word List 35 influence 影响力document文件worthy 值得的dot 点heading 标题naval 海军的oxygen 氧roar 吼叫fluent 流利的poet 诗人gym 体育馆resign 辞职wrap 包sexual 性的endless 无止境的occupation 占领extra 额外的intensive 集中的candidate 候选人wreck 失事aboard 上船（飞机）festival 节日single 单一的federal 联邦的microscope 显微镜classical 古典的attach 附加zone 地区deaf 聋的spoil损坏wrist 腕accuracy 准确性invisible 看不见的association 协会writer 作家writing 书写X-ray X光civilian 平民gaol =jailhire 雇用confuse 使困惑garbage 垃圾overtake 超过gravity 重力yawn 打哈欠sideways 从一边的bundle 捆leather 皮革concentration 专注portable 便携的elegant 优美的spray 浪花yearly 每年的funeral 葬礼acute 严重的ghost 鬼halt 停止complex 综合体coarse 粗的patch 补丁favourite 特别喜爱的rust 铁锈await 等候acquire 取得prejudice 偏见yield 出产bolt 螺栓generate 发生gallery 画廊existence 存在percentage 百分比specific 特有的youngster 青年熟词僻义表act 法令address 演说advance 前进age 年老aim 针对air 晾干appear 发表arm 以武器装备article 条款atom 微粒attend 照顾bad 严重的badly 严重地bar 阻拦battle 作战bear 写有belt 区block 街区blue 忧郁的body 尸体book 预定boss 指挥bother 麻烦bow 蝴蝶结box 拳击branch 分部bridge 桥牌button 扣紧can 罐头capital 资金catch 领会celebrate 歌颂cell 电池chair 主席change 零钱cheap 卑鄙的china 瓷器class 阶级coat 表皮code 准则coin创造collect 对方付费的company 连队composition 构成concert 一致content 满足的correct 纠正course 一道菜crop 一批custom 海关daily 日报deal分给deed 契约degree 学位deliver给产妇接生description 种类desert 离弃duty税edge 优势employ 使忙于even 均匀的exit 退出express 快车,快递fail 使失望fair 白皙的familiar 冒昧的fan 狂热爱好者file 把…归档film 胶卷fine 罚金fire 解雇firm 公司flow 流动fly 苍蝇garage汽车修理行general 将军gift 天赋goal 得分golden 极好的hand 指针handsome 相当大的head 率领hear 审讯heavy 密集地hero 男主角hide 兽皮hit 成功而风行一时的事物hot 辣的house 议院ice 冰镇immediate 直接的industry 勤劳iron熨kill 消磨(时间) last 持续lead 铅letter 字母library 藏书lift 电梯live 活的lonely 荒凉的long 渴望lot 阄mad 恼火的mark 斑点master 硕士match 火柴mean 吝啬的might 力量mine 矿minute 微细的mirror 反射moon 卫星next 贴近的novel 新颖的nurse 看护order 命令paper 论文park 停车场part 角色period 学时permit 执照piece 拼合pipe烟斗plain 清楚的plane平面plant 工厂plate 平板play 演奏please 使高兴pool 共有post 柱pound 捣碎power 使开动present 介绍president 会长press新闻界pretty 很,相当pride 自夸prize 珍视program 节目单pronounce 宣布pupil 瞳孔race 种族rapid 急流reason 推理receive 接待refer 参考rest 停留revolution 旋转role 作用room 余地rough 粗略的row 划rush 催促safe 保险箱sandwich 夹入中间satisfaction 赔偿(物) save 除…之外school 学派season 时节sentence 判决share 股份sharp 敏锐的shoot 疾驰shoulder肩负silence 使沉默skirt边缘society 上流社会soil弄脏sort 整理sound 健康的spare 饶恕spring 泉stage 阶段stamp 跺脚stomach 食欲student 研究生succeed 继承suggest 暗示suit 起诉sunny 快活的table 项目表tank 大容器tap 窃听tear 撕开tell 区分terrible 极度的ticket 罚款单tip 小费tired 厌倦的tower 高耸treasure 珍视treat 款待try 审问uniform 制服unit 部件value 估价voyage 旅行wage开展(运动) want 需要water灌溉well井wind 缠绕world 领域wound 使受伤超纲单词表abundance 大量accommodate 容纳aerial 飞机的aisle 过道ambitious 有抱负的applaud 向…鼓掌appraisal 估计auction 拍卖aviation 航空bachelor 单身汉baffle 使困惑ballet 芭蕾舞beforehand 预先blockade 封锁breakthrough 突破briefcase 公文包brutal 野兽般的calorie 卡casualty 伤亡人员census 人口普查chronic 慢性的chronological 按年代排序cling 紧紧抓住cognitive 认知的commonplace 普通的compensate 补偿concise 简明的conform 遵守consequent 结果console 安慰continuity 连续cooperative 合作的corporate 法人团体的costume 服装courtesy 谦恭有礼coverage 新闻报道creation 创造cumulative 积累的deadly 致命的decisive 决定性的defiance 违抗deficiency 不足destructive 破坏的diligent 勤勉的disastrous 灾难性的distract 转移注意力divine 神的dock 码头donate 捐献endurance 忍耐力energetic 精力充沛的enrich 充实enthusiastic 满腔热情的erosion 腐蚀eternal 永远的ethnic 种族的expedition 远征fake 假货fitting 设备flaw 缺点foster 收养grim 讨厌的guidepost 路标heighten 提高heir 继承人heritage 遗产hum 哼曲子humanity 人类hurricane 飓风iceberg 冰山identification 认出ignition 点火illusion 幻想imaginative 富于想象力的imitation 模仿imperative 必要的indicative 指示的induce 诱导inland 内陆的instrumental 有帮助的interact 相互作用invariably 不变地irrigation 灌溉likelihood 可能literacy 识字locality 地点,位置lounge 闲逛memoir 论文集memorize 记住monetary 钱的monopoly 垄断morality 道德muscular 强壮的notwithstanding 尽管nurture 养育nutritious 有营养的olive 橄榄optimum 最佳的paperback 平装本pedestrian 行人permissible 许可的pest 害虫physiological 生理学的plague 鼠疫preach 宣讲premature 不成熟的prescription 药方prestige 威信prevalent 流行的productive 多产的productivity 生产力profess 表示profitable 有益的profound 深远的prophecy 预言prospective未来的pumpkin 南瓜purity 纯洁pursuit 追求quest 寻找random 任意的rap 敲击recite 朗诵reconcile 使协调recycle 回收利用referee 裁判员relay 接力赛repertoire 全部节目residential居住的reunion 团聚revelation 新发现revenge 报复revolve 旋转scrutiny 仔细观察seemingly 表面上silicon 硅slogan 标语smuggle 走私snack 快餐solitary 孤独的stability 稳定stationary 静止不动的stereo 立体声stern 严厉的subjective 主观的subordinate 下级的sue 控告telecommunication 通信thereafter 之后tile 瓦timely 及时地token 纪念品tolerant 宽容的toll 损失tract 传单transient 临时的transition 转变tuition 学费unemployment 失业unify 使联合upbringing 教养versus 对vicious 邪恶的vigor 精力vita 个人简历vocal 发声的vulnerable 脆弱的wallet 皮夹子wardrobe 衣柜warfare 战争wrinkle 皱纹。
AutoCAD中英文对照表
AutoCAD中英文对照表•chord 弦翼弦interlace 隔行交错lighting 照明成效照明dump 转储倾出facet 镶嵌面孕育发生刻面frame 边框画格List Files 文件列表License Server 允许办事器权力委托伺服器bmpout BMP 输出BMP 汇出font map file 字体照射文件字体对于映档code pages 代码页字码儿页infinite lines 无穷长线无穷长直线ISO (International Standards Organization) ISO(国际尺度化社团) ISO attredef 属性重界说属性从头界说delete 删去删去borders 边框图框Follow 追随自己主动最简单的面视景fit 自顺应设置充满（用于预览时，充满视窗或者图纸）Administration dialog box 办理会话框办理会话方块Dropdown List 下拉列表下拉式列示append 附带加之附带加之Clean 断根清算dimension line arc 尺寸线圆弧示明线弧azimuth 方位角方位aligned dimension 对于齐示明对于齐式示明label 标签标签legacy 传统旧式General 基本一般clipping planes 剪裁最简单的面截取一段最简单的面drawing environment 图形情况画图情况Degenerate 退化退化knot vector 节点矢量要端矢量Filled Text 填充书契书契填实(用于填实线条、实体或者实面)deactivate 开释停用dimdiameter 直径示明直径示明Flyout Properties 弹出特征会话框图示列性子interval 间距/距离距离时间finish 完成润色dimradius 半径示明半径示明appload 加载应用步伐载入应用程式Add Plot Style Table 新增打印范式表License Agreement 允许以及谈权力委托合同angular unit 角度单位角度单位alias 别号别号Argument 参量引数disk space 磁盘空间磁碟空间Dia 直径直径Basic color 基实质基本色彩feature 功效/（几何）特征特征license key 允许证号权力委托码dimcontinue 持续示明持续式示明chprop 修改特征变动性子dsviewer 伏瞰视图伏瞰视景free-form 情势（的）情势fade 褪色度渐层interpolation points 插值点内插点Edge Surface 边界曲面边沿曲面aseexport ASE 输出ASE 汇出editor 编纂器编纂器attach v.附着贴附boundary sets 边界集边界集line font 线型线字体circle 圆圆Backward 逆向摆布逆向Archellotectual Ticks 修建标记修建斜线blipmode 点标记标准样式点记标准样式Bring Above Object 置于对于象之上置于物件上方dimension properties 示明特征示明性子dbConnect 数值库毗连资料库保持dimangular 角度示明角度示明3D Viewpoint 三维视点3D 检视点hellode 消隐(v.) 隐蔽environment variable 情况变量情况变数ddinsert 插进去会话框图块插进去fence 栏选(See also Selection fence) 篱选draw 绘制/画图(要是后面未接宾语) 画图dimcenter 圆心示明中间点示明Invalid 失效（的）失效Landscape Library 违景库景物图库dish 下半曲面圆碟invoke 挪用呼叫From 自自group code 组码群组码dimension style 示明范式示明型式Add to Favorites 新增到保藏夹插手我的最爱Favorites 保藏夹我的最爱hook line 钩线钩线hellode 隐蔽(adj.) 隐蔽interactive 交互的相互作用式Justification 对于正对于正体式格局line 直线线datum identifier 基准标识基准辨认字dimtedit 示明书契编纂示明书契编纂dblist 数值库列表资料库列示IGES (International Graphellocs Exchange Specification) 初始图形互换尺度基本图形互换规格DBMS drivers DBMS 驱动资料库办理体系(DBMS)default drawing 缺省图形设计图面erase 删去删去iterator 列举器重述子diverge 分离的分离的falloff angle 紧缩角阑珊角度base dimension 基准示明基线式示明effect 成效成效arc 圆弧弧Height 高度高度layer index 图层引患上图层引患上clause 子句子句blend 合成混成Layout from Template 来自样板的decurve 非曲线化直线化attdisp 属性预示属性预示hardware lype 硬件线型硬体线型list 表串列block table 块表图块表格fill 填充填实aselinks ASE 链接ASE 保持ddview 视图会话框动态视景default drawing 缺省图形设计图面ambient light 情况光情况光源add 新增插手end angle 端点角度竣事角度flat-shaded （平庸）着色call 挪用呼叫Fast Zoom mode 迅速缩放标准样式迅速缩放标准样式ntersect 交集交集Center 圆心中间elerator key 加快键迅速键ddselect 对于象选择会话框动态拔取设定dynamic viewing 动态不雅察动态检视geometry 几何图形几何图形dome 上半曲面圆顶in-place 在位现地lateral tolerance symbol 尺寸公役符号侧向公役符号line 行线aperture 靶框锁点框dimension 示明示明circular external reference 轮回外部参照轮回外部参考graphellocs window 图形窗户图形视窗hatch pattern 填充图案截面线范式digitizing puck 数码化仪游标数的所在位置化指向器displacement point 位移点位移点Check Box 复选框勾选框clip 剪裁截取一段grid 网格格点Bezier curve Bezier 曲线Bezier 曲线drag and drop 拖放拖放dimension format 示明格局示明格局chellold dimension style 下级示明范式子示明型式delay 推迟推迟inverse linear attenuation of light 线性衰减光线的线性反比衰减DELta 增量差值distributing 漫衍分离式Draft 草图草图drawing database 图形数值库图形资料库dxbin DXB输入DXB 汇入cabling 电缆布线配线Assist 助理匡助drawing units 图形单位图面单位isometric view 等轴测视图等角视景acisin ACIS 输入ACIS 汇入diameter 直径（示明）直径bulge 凸度凸度color 色彩著色drafting standards 画图尺度制图尺度Discontinued 遏制施用的勾销,停用discard 抛却丢开entry 条款资料项Check 查抄查抄key n.名称主键approximation points 类似点类似点attribute extraction file 属性提出取患上文件属性萃取档isometric 等轴测等角length 长度长度drawing browser 图形浏览器图面浏览器color-dependent 色彩相干initial environment 初始情况初始情况alert 正告警示ddmodify 图元编纂会话框动态修改align 对于齐对于齐callback 回叫回答Inherit Properties 担当特征担当性子global 整个的局面：胸怀～（的）群体batch plotting 批措置惩罚打印批次出图Display Order 预示秩序序预示挨次Lightness 亮度亮度dimlinear 线性示明线性示明ddedit 书契编纂会话框编纂书契与属性界说drawing limits 图形边界图面规模Layout Wizard 向导base grips 基夹点基准掣点end 端点竣事,终点divide 平分平分3D Array 三维阵列3D 阵列lengthen 拉长调解长度Invisible 不偏见不偏见dithering 抖动递色Island detection 孤岛检验测定侦测伶仃物件Identifier 标识符辨认字Hyperlink 超等链接超保持aseselect ASE 选择ASE 拔取default 缺省设计值,设计elevation 标高高程calibrate 校准勘正camera angle 照相机角度照相机角度licenses 权力委托权力委托dimoverride 示明替换示明朝替ddrmodes 画图标准样式会话框画图设定baseline 基线基准线基线式frame 帧画格helloghlight 亮光(for the color of 3D object) 亮显2D Solid 二维实体2D 实面light color 淡色(for RAMT-wood ) 亮色drawing standard 图形尺度图面尺度Divide 平分平分image 图象影像ADI ADI(Autodesk 装备接口) ADI (Autodesk 装备介面) cast 投射投射color map 色表色彩对于映Favorites 保藏夹我的最爱dimension style name 示明范式名示明型式名称angular dimension 角度示明角度示明Gradient 百分度渐层key 主键主键aserows ASE 行ASE 列grid 网格,栅格格点affine calibration 仿射校准瓜葛勘正Back Clipping On 后向剪裁打开bad 不不错的不不错attribute value 属性值属性值Geometric Tolerance 形位公役几何公役ddvpoint 视点会话框动态检视点bind 绑定并入donut 园环环dimension variables 示明变量示明变数line segment 线段线段dbConnect Manager 数值库毗连手理器3D Studio 3D Studio 3D Studiobevel 倒角斜切attribute definition 属性界说属性界说factor 因数(see Scale Factor) 系数character 字符字元equation 方程式方程式dealer 经售商经售商drawing boundaries 图形边界图面边界associative hatches 接洽瓜葛填充接洽瓜葛式截面线display 预示预示器, 预示, 预示银幕catalog 目次目次block 块图块leader 引线引线home position 肇始位置归位点extension line 尺寸界线延长线AutoCAD library search path AutoCAD 库搜刮路径AutoCAD 资源库征采路径ddptype 点类型会话框点型式case （巨细）写巨细写Dynamic Dragging 动态拖动动态拖曳button menu 按键菜谱按键功效表centerline 中间线中间线2D Wireframe 二维线框active 勾当（的）效用中Icon 图标图示embed 内嵌，镶嵌镶嵌Directory 目次目次solation levels 断绝级别断绝条理aseadmin ASE 办理ASE 办理byte 字节位元组Exit 退出竣事ASCII ASCII （美利坚合众国尺度信息互换码）ASCII drafting techniques 画图技能制图技法attedit 属性编纂属性编纂insert 插进去插进去ambient color 情况色情况色彩data integrity 数值完备性资料完备性datum reference frames 基准参考框架基准参考框backup 备份备份definition point 界说点界说点Adjust 调解调解device 装备装备Division 平分支解,除法ddrename 重定名会话框动态改名action 操作动作hatch areas 填充地区范围截面地区范围list 列表串列dash 虚线虚线Check Spelling 拼音书写查抄拼字查抄Learning Assistance 进修助手进修助理dimaligned 对于齐示明对于齐式示明adjacent 相邻相邻3d objects 三维物体3D 物件dimension definition points 示明界说点示明界说点3D Orbit 三维动态不雅察3D 动态dynamic zooming 动态缩放动态缩放Boolean operation 布尔运算布林运算isometric snap style 等轴测捕获范式等角锁点型式English units 英制单位英制cal 计较器勘正abort 抛却间断graphellocs cursor 图形光标图形游标driver 驱动步伐驱动程式acisout ACIS 输出ACIS 汇出dim 示明示明drawing 图形图面,图档EDUCATION VERSION 讲授版教诲版Instruction 指示指示3dpoly 三维多段线3D 聚合线ddgrips 夹点会话框动态掣点设定Advanced Setup Wizard 高级设置向导进阶安装精灵ddattdef 属性界说会话框动态属性界说ddunits 单位会话框动态单位设定elev 标高高程description 申明描写dangle 不固定的吊挂end tangent 端点切向竣事切点Device and Default Selection 装备以及默许选择装备以及设计值拔取ddattext 属性提出取患上会话框动态属性萃取lype 线型线型Hardcopy 硬复印硬体复制,硬本ISOPLANE 等轴测最简单的面等角最简单的面hatch boundaries 填充边界截面边界BYBLOCK 随块BYBLOCKfield 字段栏位Leading 前导前导light 光源光源extrude 拉伸挤出allocate 分配配备布置Close 闭合封闭(用于档案),闭合(用于边界,线,面域)justify 对于正对于正dimension style overrides 示明范式替换示明型式代替dducsp UCS 标的目的会话框动态UCS 设计Gouraud renderings Gouraud Gouraud 着色Gouraud 彩现drawing area 画图地区范围画图区clipping boundaries 剪裁边界截取一段边界diffuse color 漫射色漫射色彩License Manager 允许办理器权力委托办理员deviation 极限误差误差dimension scale 示明比例示明比例flag 标记旗标island 孤岛伶仃物件Design Center 设计中间设计中间Dynamic 动态动态array 阵列阵列interfere 干涉干与干与干涉干与干与built-in 内置的内建fog 雾雾decimal dimensions 逢十进位示明十进位示明database 数值库资料库Arrange icons 摆列图标摆列图示ess 获取存取inverse square attenuation of light 平方衰减光线的平方反比衰减information 信息资讯Color-Dependent Plot Style Table 色彩相干打印范式表Add Plotter 新增打印机Left View 左视图左视景BYLAYER 随层BYLAYERdatum axis 基准轴基准轴instance 援用实例file 文件档案anonymous block 无名块佚名图块Disable 禁用勾销,停用line width 线宽线宽attribute extraction template file 属性提抽样板文件属性萃抽样板档isoplane 等轴测最简单的面等角最简单的面entity 图元元件 . 图元Add mode 新增标准样式datum reference letters 基准参考字母基准用来参考的书籍契find 查寻寻觅东西boundary 边界边界group 编组群组hardware lock 保密锁硬体锁absolute coordinates 绝对于坐标绝对于座标Heads-up Design 轻松设计昂首设计Apply 应用/声请仿用bevel 倒角斜切inscribed polygons 内接正多角形内接多边形interface 介面介面graphelloc area 图形区图形区Clean 断根清算import 输入汇入environment 情况情况Italic 斜体斜体Imprint 压印盖章freezing layers 冻结图层冻结图层export 输出汇出dview 动态不雅察动态检视Cancel 勾销勾销Freeplotting 画图出图handshaking 握手旌旗灯号交握ddim 示明设置会话框示明设定Encapsulated 封装See also "EPS" 压缩HIGHLIGHT 亮显亮显filter 过淋器过淋器background color 违景致违景色彩Initialize 初始化肇始设定attenuation 衰减衰减camera 照相机拍照机integer 整儿整儿line object 线性对于象线物件aliasing 走样锯齿化dependent symbols 倚赖符号dock(undock) 固定（浮动）固定finish 润色（for render only) 润色Direct Hatch 直接填充直接截面limits 图形边界规模,图面规模graphellocs screen 图形屏图形萤幕hardware requirement 硬件需求硬体需求hatchedit 填充编纂截面线编纂Clipboard 剪贴板剪贴簿3dsin 3DS 输入3D 实体汇入Detection 检验测定侦测front view 正视图前视景extend 延长，凌驾量（用于示明）延长External Reference 外部参照外部参考audit 审核核查检验审核autmit 自己主动提交处理自己主动确定Insertion 插进去点插进去点gray 灰度灰阶included angle 包罗角夹角hatch 图案填充截面线insertobj 插进去对于象插进去物件attenuation of light 灯光衰减光源衰减list box 列表框列示框hellodden-line image 消隐图象隐蔽线影像3DSolid 三维实体3D 实体dtext 动态文本动态书契deviation tolerances 极限公役误差公役Inte Utilities Inte应用步伐网际网路公用程式Dark Color 暗色暗色anti-aliasing 反走样消弭锯齿brower 浏览器浏览器attext 属性提出取患上属性萃取beveling objects 斜角对于象斜切物件helloghlight 凸起预示亮显abort 间断间断body 体主体external data 外部数值外部资料area 地区范围,平面或者物体表面的大地区范围,平面或者物体表面的大base 基点基准,底端,底部Application key 权力委托声请号应用程式码adaptive sampling 自顺应采集样品最适抽样datum dimension 基准示明基准示明drawing order 图形秩序序画图挨次clear 断根断根ddatte 属性编纂会话框动态属性编纂detach 拆离分离fit points 拟合点拟合点existing 现存的既有的Big Font 大字体大字体abut 毗邻相邻dimension units 示明单位示明单位IntelliMouse 智能鼠标智慧型滑鼠cap 封口封口landscape 横向横式associative dimension 接洽瓜葛示明接洽瓜葛式示明face 面面3dsout 3DS 输出3D 实体汇出dxfout DXF输出DXF 汇出link 链接保持drawing extents 图形规模图面现实规模dimbaseline 示明基线基线式示明expression 抒发型暗示式3D Dynamic View 三维动态不雅察3D 动态检视Interference 干涉干与干与干涉干与干与Altitude 标高高度client 客户机用户端extend 扩大延长help 帮忙申明Filmroll Filmroll 菲林Lens Length 镜头长度镜头长度join 归并联合drawing project 图形项目画图专案Add Plotter 新增打印机grid mode 栅格标准样式格点标准样式duplicate 反复反复的Layout from Template 来自样板的drawing time 画图时间画图时间dimedit 示明编纂示明编纂centroid 形心,质心矩心Haltftoning 半色调半色调generate 天生孕育发生Beep on Error 堕落报警纰缪时拍发哔声formatting text 设置书契格局格局化书契bottom view 仰视图下视景home page 主页首页chamfer 倒角倒角end width 端点宽度竣事宽度alignment 对于齐(体式格局) 对于齐beam angles of spotlights 聚光灯光柱角度点光源光线角度cluster 组猬集geometric characteristic symbols 几何特征几何特征符号Full Preview 全视口预览完备预览frame 框架画格fatal 致命纰缪致命纰缪freehand line 徒手画线手绘线dducs UCS 会话框动态UCS 设定internal 内部的内部AdLM (Autodesk License Manager) AdLM（Autodesk 允许办理器）drawing status 图外形况图面状况Add Plot Style Table 新增打印范式表demand loading 按需加载应要求载入fold 折叠折痕drawing scale 图形比例图面比例handle 句柄措置惩罚码(用于性子会话方块)aspect ratio 宽高比纵横比dxfin DXF输入DXF 汇入back view 后视图后视景dimension style families 示明范式族示明型式亲族freeze 冻结冻结Adjust Area fill 调解地区范围填充调解地区范围充塞break (v.) 打断堵截floating viewports 浮动视口浮动视埠attribute prompt 属性提醒属性提醒AutoTrack 自己主动追踪自己主动追踪flood 充满大量apparent intersections 外不雅相交的点外不雅相交的点Intensity 强度强度dimension geometry 组成要素示明几何dist 距离距离Interchange 互换瓜代Depth Map 深度贴图深度贴图external database 外部数值库外部资料库ENTER ENTER（输入）输入IntelliMouse 智能鼠标智慧型滑鼠Imprint 压印盖章decal effect 修剪成效祛除杂质成效block definition 块界说图块界说attdef 属性界说属性界说form tolerance 外形公役成型公役dictionary 辞书字典Linear Dimension 线性示明线性示明Drawing Aids 画图匡助东西画图匡助一个字改写的汗青graphscr 图形屏图形萤幕Dynamic Update 动态更新动态更新Aerial View 伏瞰视图伏瞰视景bounding 边（框）边界框hellodeplot 消隐出图隐蔽出图deployment 睁开布署Attribute Display 属性预示属性预示Landscape 违景，风光,if used for "landscape object" etc. 横式document 文档文件Color Wheel 色彩轮盘色轮digitizer 数码化仪数的所在位置板Layout 配备布置2006年06月02日Direction Control 标的目的节制标的目的节制ellipse 扁圆扁圆annotation 注释注释block reference 块参照图块参考arrowhead 箭头箭头center mark 圆心标记中间点标记class 类等级, 种别dimstyle 示明范式示明型式asesqled SQL 编纂ASE SQL 编纂器Front Clipping On 前向剪裁打开inquiry 查询查询joint 毗连接合线datum 基准基准面derive 导出导出cell 单位存储格callback 回调(for LISP) 回答dimordinate 坐标明明座标式示明3D Orbit 三维轨道3D 动态assign 指定指定Landscape Edit 编纂违景grip 夹点掣点device 装备装备baseline dimension 基线示明基线式示明change 修改变动attribute tag 属性标签属性标签cascade 层叠（的）叠合摆列Ignore 纰漏纰漏isoline 素线等角线Lineweight 线宽线宽axis tripod 三轴架三向轴Add a Printer 新增打印机新增印表机drawing file 图形文件图档Aspect 纵横向间距纵横向间距Hidden Line 隐蔽线隐蔽线Element 元素元素digitizing puck 数码化仪游标数的所在位置化指向器hatch styles 填充范式截面范式distant light 平行光远光源Circumference 圆周圆周edge 边边沿Flat Shaded, Edges on 带边框平庸着色dimension text 示明书契示明书契edgesurf 边界曲面边沿曲面color depth 色彩深度色彩深度duplicating 复制复制font 字体字体Extract 选集萃取Bring to Top 顶置置于最上方ddcolor 色彩会话框动态色彩设定Light Color 暖色彩亮色authorization code 权力委托码权力委托码implement 使成为事实实行hotspot 聚光角聚光点Interference 干涉干与干与干涉干与干与base point 基点基准点bitmap 位图点阵图bump map 高低贴图凸纹贴图Ending 终止端点Extent(s) 规模现实规模Grads 百分度分度。
AutoCAD机械制图英语词汇
origin原点（对于坐标系）原点
origin原始位置(used for external Datebase)原点
origin起点（对于尺寸界线和标注）原点
ortho正交正交
Ortho mode正交模式正交模式
orthogonal正交正交的
orthographic正交正投影
HIGHLIGHT亮显亮显
home page主页首页
home position起始位置归位点
hook line钩线钩线
hotspot聚光角聚光点
Hyperlink超级链接超连结
Icon图标图示
Identifier标识符识别字
IGES (International Graphics Exchange Specification)初始图形交换标准基本图形交换规格
objects对象物件
Oblique斜尺寸界线倾斜
obsolete废弃旧式
ODBC database ODBC数据库ODBC资料库
offset偏移偏移
OLE OLE（对象链接和嵌入）物件连接与嵌入(OLE)
olelinks OLE链接OLE连结
online help联机帮助线上说明
online manuals联机手册线上手册
Isolation levels隔离级别隔离层次
isoline素线等角线
isometric等轴测等角
isometric snap style等轴测捕捉样式等角锁点型式
isometric view等轴测视图等角视景
isoplane等轴测平面等角平面
ISOPLANE等轴测平面等角平面
Italic斜体斜体
limits图形界限范围,图面范围
slam特征跟踪方法
slam特征跟踪方法From a technical standpoint, SLAM feature tracking methods play a vital role in accurately estimating therobot's pose and mapping the environment. These methods typically rely on extracting and matching visual or geometric features across consecutive frames to establish correspondences and compute the robot's motion. Feature tracking algorithms should be robust to changes in lighting conditions, viewpoint variations, occlusions, and dynamic objects. Moreover, they should be able to handle large-scale environments and real-time processing requirements. Achieving these objectives is challenging due to the complexity and dynamic nature of real-world environments.One popular approach to SLAM feature tracking is theuse of feature descriptors, such as SIFT (Scale-Invariant Feature Transform) or ORB (Oriented FAST and Rotated BRIEF). These descriptors encode distinctive information about the features, allowing for reliable matching across frames. However, feature descriptors alone may not be sufficient inchallenging scenarios with significant viewpoint changes or occlusions. To address this, researchers have proposed methods that combine feature descriptors with geometric constraints, such as epipolar geometry or 3D point cloud information. These methods leverage the geometric relationships between the features to improve tracking accuracy and robustness.Another important aspect of SLAM feature tracking is the initialization of the tracking process. When a robot starts exploring a new environment, it needs to identify and track features from scratch. This initialization step is crucial for accurate motion estimation and subsequent mapping. Various methods have been proposed to address this challenge, including keypoint detection algorithms, such as Harris corners or FAST (Features from Accelerated Segment Test), which aim to identify salient features in the scene. Once the initial set of features is obtained, the tracking process can be initialized and refined using feature matching and motion estimation techniques.In recent years, deep learning-based approaches havealso shown promise in SLAM feature tracking. Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have been employed to learn feature representations directly from raw image data, eliminating the need for handcrafted descriptors. These learned features can be more robust to variations in lighting and viewpoint, potentially improving tracking performance. Additionally, recurrent neural networks (RNNs) and long short-term memory (LSTM) networks have been explored for modeling temporal dependencies in feature tracking, enabling better handling of motion blur or fast camera movements.Despite the advancements in SLAM feature tracking methods, several challenges remain. One major challenge is the trade-off between tracking accuracy and computational efficiency. SLAM systems often operate in real-time, and the feature tracking component should be able to process frames at high frame rates while maintaining accurate estimates. This requires efficient feature detection, matching, and motion estimation algorithms. Another challenge is the robustness of feature tracking in dynamic environments. Moving objects or changes in the scene candisrupt feature correspondences and lead to tracking failures. Developing methods that can handle dynamic environments and recover from failures is an ongoing research topic.In conclusion, slam特征跟踪方法 (SLAM feature tracking methods) are crucial for enabling mobile robots to navigate and map their surroundings simultaneously. These methods involve extracting, matching, and tracking distinctive features in the environment to estimate the robot's motion and build a map. While feature descriptors and geometric constraints have been traditionally used, recent advancements in deep learning have opened new possibilities for improving tracking accuracy and robustness. However, challenges such as real-time processing, dynamic environments, and tracking initialization still need to be addressed. Continued research and development in SLAM feature tracking methods will contribute to the advancement of robotics and computer vision, enabling robots to operate autonomously in complex and dynamic environments.。
houdini菜单.翻译
菜单打开档案File新建New, 打开储存的档案Open , 打开最近的档案Open Recent Files储存Save, 储存为选择的格式Save As ,合并Merge新操作模式New Operation Type, 安装数字图书馆Install Digital Asset Library, , 刷新既有数字图书馆Refresh Asset Libraies, 进口Import, 出口Export , 运行特别程序Run Script, 离开 Quit Application,求助Help开始 Start Here ,胡迪尼公司帮助Houdini Help,范例档案Example Files, Sidefx网站的帮助 , 在线图例Online Tutorial胡迪尼论坛 Houdini Forum, 胡迪尼交流Houdini Exchange,快速在线支持Online Support Update, 胡迪尼公司介绍 About Houdini进口Import 几何Geometry, 图像Image, 3D的dae格式文件 Collada, 音效轨迹Soundtrack出口Export 扭力游戏机Torque Game Engine, 新的出口节点 New Export Node编辑 Edit回复消除的节点 Undo Delete Selected Nodes, 不能回复Can’t redo,回复的历史 Undo History, 裁切Cut, copy 拷贝, 黏贴Paste,热键Hotkeys,颜色设定Color Setting,指令与变量Aliases and Variables, 合成设定Composition Settings, 设关键祯Set Keyframe ,对象Objects , 参数互动Update Parameters Interactively , 工具技巧Tooltip Help,开始即打开帮助页面 Open Help Browser at Startup, 自动添加参数Automatically Add parameter to Current Take, 自动储存, 参数偏好设定 Preference, 一般界面General User Interface, 网状编辑NetworkEditor, 节点与树状编辑 Nodes and Tree 3D Viewports, 作成品选择::: 动画Animation 结构矩阵Handle, 对象与几何模型Objects andGeometry , 粒子Particles, 动作与声音Motion and Audio , 合成Compositing, 其它程序Scirpting, 桌面与工具条 Desktop and Toolbars,储存选项 Save Options,其它Miscellaneous熟悉的档案选项 Hip File Options, 警告对话 Warning Dialogs对象被选择时点亮表示Always Highlight Object Selection in Viewer 骨头运动覆盖Bone Kinematic Overide, None没有, Capture Pose与姿态互连 , 当父母关系时保持位置Keep Position when Parents, 从不Never, 经常Always, Use Object Flag使用对象旗帜,宣染Render 创造宣染节点 Create Render Node 编辑宣染节点Edit Render Node,开始宣染Start Render,排程 Scheduler, 目前的材质 Update Texture, 在那宣染节点曼陀罗Mantra ,RenderMan, Alfred, 或其它软件Other Output Nodes桌面Desktop 新浮动面板New Floating Panel,通道编辑channel Editor, Hscript的程序语言 Hscript Textport,Python程序语言Python Shell,Python来源编辑Python Source Editor,笔刷表列Bundle List, Take List Take表列, 参数空白表Parameter Spreadsheet,树状观看Tree View, 操作模式管理Operation Type Manager,图像管理Gallery Manager,保留的Handle编辑Persistent Handle Editor,材料图层Material Palette,编码观看Code Viewer,屏幕显示Performance Monitor,声音面板Audio Panel,Catch管理 Catch Manager,Shell动画Animate,建构Build,Image图像,观察发展Look Development,模型Model,输出Output,姿态Posing,技术Technical,Textport,新桌面New Desktop,储存目前桌面Save Current Desktop,以指定格示储存桌面Save Current Desktop As,储存所有桌面Save All Desktop,重做桌面Reload Desktop,桌面管理Desktop Manager,工具几何Geometry,摄影机Cameras,灯光Lights,骨头Bones,隐藏式目标(一般用在动画)Null,混合Blends, 其它对象模式All Other Object Types,赋予或消除所有对象Enable/DisableAll object Types,选择所有数字资产Select Entire Digital Asset,选择子女对象Select Child Objects,选择父母对象Select Parent Objects,选择所有对象配合屏蔽Select All Objects Matching Mask,以Hover显示名字(通常是颜色)Show Name on Hover点Point,边缘Ediges,原始状态Primitives,顶点Vertices ,突破点Breakpoints, 以点做群组Point Groups,以原始状态群组Primitive Groups选择关连的几何Select Connected Geometry,选择整个几何Select Whole Geometry,选择前面Select Front Facing Only,选择后面Select Back Facing Only 关连Connectivity,显示操作Show Display Operator,显示目前操作Show Current Operator,检示窗格ViewPort,3D,UV(原始是解释为紫外线)粒子Particles,选择相连粒子Select Connected Particles,粒子节点Particle Nodes,产生器(经由粒子) Generator via particle, 改质(经由指导) Modifier via guide动态对象Dynamic Object ,多个动态对象 Dynamic Objects,动态对象改质Dynamic mmodifiers,动态对象点Dynamic Object points箱型捕捉Box Picking,套索捕捉Lasso Picking,笔刷捕捉Brush Picking,加入选择Add to Selection,连结选择Toggle Selection,移除选择Remove from Selection, 置换选择Replace Selection, 保护选择Secure Selection, 在目前工具中再选择Reselect For Current Tool,应用到…Apply to…,样板Templates,其它对象Other Objects, 性质Properties, 获取深度Depth Snapping,获取方向Orient on Snap, 获取方格选项Grid Snapping Options…获取原始选项…Primitive Snapping Options…获取点的选项…Point Snapping OPtions获取多重选项…Mul-Snapping Options…宣染检窗口口Render flipbook of viewport, 使用的记忆容量Memory useage,出口output,翻页书Flipbook,Effects效果,体积Size,祯范围Frame Range,output出口,可见的对象Visible Objects,在目前翻页书上附加的祯Append Frame to Current Flipbook,仅显示关键祯 Scope Channel Key Frame Only,开始模拟操作Initialize Simulation OPS声音文件名Audio Filename,声音补偿Audo Offset,背景图像Background Images声音的Gamma 颜色的LUT抗锯齿Antialias, 模糊Motion Blur, 场景深度Depth of Field, 质量Quality,焦距长度Focus Length, 光圈Aperture, F 停止 F Stop, 接受Accept,删除Cancel,扩大zoom,分辨率Resolution, 除掉重迭的屏蔽Crop Out Mask Overlay,接受Accept,删除Cancel网状周界箱Wireframe Bounding Box,阴影周界箱Shaded Bounding Box,网状图Wireframe,隐藏可见线条Hidden Line Invisible,隐藏线条鬼影Hidden Line Ghost,单调阴影Flat Shaded,单调网状阴影Flat Wire Shaded,平滑阴影Smooth Shaded, 平滑网状阴影Smooth Wire Shaded显示所有对象Show All Objects,其它对象以鬼影处理Ghost Other Objects,隐藏其它对象 Hide Other Objects图像img,单元格窗口Single view,四格窗口Four view,堆栈二格Two Views Stacked,横向二格排列Two Views Side by Side底部三格分列Three Views Splite Bottom, 左边三格分列Three Views Splite Left 底部四格分列Three Views Splite Bottom, 左边四格分列Three Views Splite Left工具选择Tool Options,以对象的等级创造Create at Object Level, 以脉络创造Create in Context,保持原本对象Keep Original Objects显示的选择:世界空间 Display Options:world,指标Guide & Marker,窗口viewport,方格Grid,背景Background,最佳化optimization ,粒子Particles,其它 Misc,设定显示的选择Set display options for,正常几何 Normal Geometry,点points,指针Markers, 数字Numbers,正常Normals,UV坐标 UV coords, XYZ坐标 XYZ cords, 原型Primitives,外壳Hull,数字Numbers,突破点Breakpoints,正常Normals, 分布曲线Profile curve, 分布曲线数字Profile curve numbers立方体顶点 Vertices,数字Numbers, UV坐标 UV cords,着力点Grips,填充UV背面Filled UV backfaces平滑阴影Smooth Shaded正常几何Normal Geometry, 选择的几何Selected Geometry,模板的几何Templated Geometry, 目前的几何Current Geometry选择目前的几何Selected Current Geometry窗口viewport,显示名字Show Name,显示摄影机名字Show Cammer Name,显示状态数据Show State Status,细部等级Level of Detail,概念率Aspect Ratio,屏蔽不透明度View Mask Opacity,立体显示模式Stereo Display Mode应用操作模式到其它分裂的窗口 Apply Operation To All Split Views储存为预设Save As Default摄影机观景perspective,顶面看Top,前面看Front,右面看Right,UV,底面看Bottom,后面看Back,左面看Left邻位窗口Ortho Viewport,材质窗口Texture Viewport,显示邻位格Display Ortho Grid显示参考方格Display Reference Grid在图像上显示方格Display Grid Over Image,方格钳入图像Clamp Grid To Image 显示砖形排列周界Display Tile Boundaries图像来源Image Source,3D窗口 3D Viewport,材质窗口Texture Viewport 色调Color scheme,档案File,质量Quality材质图Texturemapped,放大应用Apply Zoom To Background,自动放至图像位置Automatically Place ImageMinimum最小U/V,Maximum最大 U/V最佳化Optimization,排除Culling,移除背面Remove Backfaces,仅显示外壳Display Hulls Only,可见对象Visible Objects, 显示几何型态Display geometry of type,从原型中每多少排除多少个画像 Cull by drawing primitives out of every 自动调整平面的远近 Automatically Adjust Near/Far Planes when Homing效果Effect,阴影敏感度Shadow Sensitivity网状图Wireframe,网宽Wire Width,隐藏线的敏感度Hidden Line Sensitivity,使用Z-Buffer控制场景深度 Use Z Buffer In Wireframe Mode阴影敏感度 Shadow Sensitivity互动模式interactive mode点 Points,线 Lines,人形sprite其它Misc,显示材质Display Texture,多重材质Multi Texture,提案材质Projected Texture,强调反射 Specular Highlight,透明Transparency,自动侦测特质型态Auto Detect Attribute Type,比例调整大小Scale Normal.厚度选择 Thick Selected Normals,使颜色特质无效Override Color Attribute,特质图Attribute Map,预设Default,虚假梯度false-ramp, 粉红梯度pink-ramp.mono 单独 , blackbody黑体全域动画选择Global Animation Options,Animation动画,FPS每秒祯数,开始Start,结束End,应用Apply,中断的关键祯Snap Keys,限制播放从头到尾Restrict Playback range to Start and End Frames,显示范围滑轨Show Range Slider,显示网状Show Ticks,显示声音Show Audio,显示关键祯Show Keys,播放Playback,整体祯integer Frame Values,步调Step关掉Off,清除Scrub,实时Realtime,试验Test环绕Loop,播放一次Play Once,蛇行zig zag自动Auto Update,依鼠标On Mouse Up,手动Manual,画廊的雕像Icon In Gallery,小Small,大Large,显示画廊图文件Show Gallery Files,显示画廊类别Show gallery Categories,创造画廊支持图档Create Gallery Backup Files曼陀螺Mantra(一种宣染模式 ) Renderman(一种宣染模式 ) Mentalray(一种宣染模式 )所有分类图像All Gallery,建筑材料Building Material,砖Bricking,水泥Concrete,筛选Screening,灰泥Stucco,木头Wooden,布Cloth,粗麻Burlap,棉布Gingham, 缎子Satin,毛线Sweater普通General,基本置换Basic Displacement,基本表面Basic Surface,黏土Clay,连续一致Constant,印花decal,环境箱Environment Box,光环Glow,干扰置换Noise Displacement.吻合occlusion, 吻合置换occlusion Displacement,塑料Plastic,反射Reflective. 反射置换Reflective Displacement ,阴影平光Shodow Matte,正常显示Show Normal,显示阴影点Show Shading Point,显示切线Show Tangent,显示UV,透明translucent玻璃Glass,凸面玻璃Bumpy Glass,雾状玻璃Frosted Glass,冰块Ice Cube金属Metal,老化金属Aged Metal,铝Aluminum,用坏的金属Beatup Metal,青铜Brass,铁刷Brushed steel,铬chrome,红铜copper,金Gold,生锈的金属Rusted Metal,银Silver有机物Organic,角膜Cornea,蛋壳Egg Shell,眼球Eye Ball,火焰Flames,草Grass,头发Hair,树叶Leaf,枫叶Maple Leaf,红康乃馨Red carnation,海浪Sea Form,牛奶skim milk,皮肤Skin,Skin SSS,特定的头发Textured hair,腊Wax,工具菜单Tool Menu,增加Add,表列节点View Nodes As a List,观看控制点View Controls,布置控制点Layout Controls,裁剪Cut,拷背Copy,粘贴Paste,消除Delete,重命名Rename,崩溃Collapse,选择所有Select All,连接节点Node Connections,导航navigate,寻找节点Find Node, 通道范围Scope Channel,消除通道Delete Channels,运行Script档案 Run Script ,显示网络编辑工具条Show Network Edit Toolbar,使用drop on wire搜寻obj文件 Search obj for,任何型式of any type,敏感事件Case Sensitive前一个Previous,下一个Next,选择配合的Select Matches,关闭Close网络编辑显示选项Network Editor Display Options 网络观察Network Views,显示Display显示操作者名字Show Operator Names显示网络综观Display Network Overview,显示颜色图层Display Color Palette ,连接型式Link Style,角度Right Angles,直线Straight,圆形Rounged网络观察Network View表列观察List View 方格与中断Grid and Snapping,方格显示Grid Display,没有None线Lines,点Points,中断到方格Snap to Grid.方格空间Grid Spacing,方格中断重力Grid to Grativity,中断到相关位置Snap to Related Tiles,水平中断重力Horizontal Snap Gravity,垂直中断重力Vertical Snapping Gravity,背景Background,显示背景图像Display Background Imagem,拖拉与放大背景Pan and Zoom Background,背景图像Background Image,质量Quality附属dependency,显示地区付属连结Show Local Dependency Links,显示在子网络下有影响的内容Show Influence On Subnet Contents,显示在子网络下附属内容Show Dependency On Subnet Contents,显示参考在外部节点Show Reference to External Nodes, 从外部节点显示参考Show Reference From External Nodes,显示骨头与IK Affectors间的连接Show Link Between Bones and IK Affectors,显示选择的节点连接与周围光环表列List View,可见直列Visible Columns,Obj檔,有效直列Available Columns,展示Expose,显示Display,X光 X-Ray,选择Select,原点Origin,捕捉Capture,骨头Bone,消除指令Delete Script,评论Comment,输入Input.表列次序List Order,使用者定义User Defined,字母alphabetital,操作型式Operator Type,输入/输入Inout/Output,网络盒子Network Box,显示操作者Show implicit Opertor,显示过滤按钮Show Filter Button,显示直列Show Columns可见直列选项Visible Columns表面操作SOP(Surface Operator),粒子操作POP(Particle Operator)信道操作CHOP(Channel Operator),阴影操作SHOP(Shader Operator),合成操作COP(Compostion Operation),VOP提供与VEX语言互动界面,动态结构DOP(Dynamic Architecture)宣染操作ROP(Render Operator)普通Common,显示操作参数Show Opera,显示群组表Show Group List,显示操树Show Operator Tree,点亮名字Name Highlights,批注Comments,没有None,批注Comments,修改参数modified Parameters,动画参数Animated Parameter,排除参数Overridden Parameters,子网页Sub-Networks参数Parameter,场景观Scene View,粒子观Particle View,网络观Network View,参数Parameter,树状观Tree View,取表Take List,文字窗口Textport, Python语言 Python Shell,信道编辑Channel Editor,信道表列Channel List,动作观Motion View,宣染排程Render Scheduler,合成观Composition View,材料图层Material Paltte,阴影观Shade View,宣染观Render View,光线连结Light Linker,笔刷表Bundle List,细部观Detail View,手把表列Handle List,参数空白表Parameter Spreadsheet,脉络观Context View,设定钳板钮Set Pane Tab Type,前面钳板按钮Previous PaneTab,下一个钳板按钮Next Pane Tab,触动鼠标即显示钳板的按钮Tear off Pane Tab,拷贝钳板的按钮Tear off Pane Tab Copy,关闭钳板的按钮Close Pane Tab,cjo6回复关闭的按钮Un,do Close Tab,最大化钳板Maximize Pane,关闭所有钳板按钮Close Pane(All TAb),分裂钳板左/右 Split Pane Left/Right, 分裂钳板上/下 Split Pane Top/Bottom,钳板界面Pane Interface,显示区右键菜单动画Animation,特性Character,创造与精致化Create and Refine,光线与对象Lights and Objects,光线摄影机动作 Lights. Camera. 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时间温度超位数Master Curve估计：时间温度超位数分析应用于频率修饰数据的动态 mechan
Package‘TTS’February24,2023Type PackageTitle Master Curve Estimates Corresponding to Time-TemperatureSuperpositionVersion1.1Date2023-02-24Author Antonio Meneses<********************************>,Salvador Naya<************>,Javier Tarrio-Saavedra<**************>Maintainer Antonio Meneses<********************************>Depends R(>=3.0.1),mgcv,sfsmisc,splinesDescription Time-Temperature Superposition analysis is often applied to frequency modu-lated data obtained by DynamicMechanic Analysis(DMA)and Rheometry in the analytical chemistry and physicsareas.These techniques provide estimates of material mechanical properties(such as moduli)at different temperatures in a wider range of time.Thispackage provides the Time-Temperature superposition Master Curve at a referredtemperature by the three methods:the two wider used methods,Arrhenius basedmethods and WLF,and the newer methodology based on derivatives procedure.The Master Curve is smoothed by B-splines basis.The package output is composedof plots of experimental data,horizontal and vertical shifts,TTS data,and TTSdatafitted using B-splines with bootstrap confidence intervals.License GPL(>=2)Encoding UTF-8RoxygenNote7.2.1LazyData trueNeedsCompilation noRepository CRANDate/Publication2023-02-2417:50:02UTCR topics documented:TTS-package (2)12TTS-package Epoxy (3)PC (4)PLOT.TTS (5)SBS (7)TTS (8)TTS_10 (10)Index13 TTS-package Estimates of material properties by Time-Temperature Superposition(TTS)analysisDescriptionTTS analysis is often applied to frequency modulated data obtained by Dynamic Mechanic Analy-sis(DMA)and Rheometry in the analytical chemistry and physics areas.These techniques provide estimates of material mechanical properties(such as moduli)at different temperatures in a wider range of time.This package provides the Time-Temperature superposition Master Curve at a re-ferred temperature by the three methods:the two wider used methods,Arrhenius based methods and WLF,and the newer methodology based on derivatives procedure.The Master Curve is smoothed by B-splines basis.The package output is composed of plots of experimental data,horizontal and vertical shifts,TTS data,and TTS datafitted using B-splines with bootstrap confidence intervals.DetailsPackage:TTSType:PackageVersion: 1.1Date:2023-02-24License:GPL>=2The main functions and data frame are TTS,TTS_10,PLOT.TTS,Epoxy,SBS,and PCAuthor(s)Antonio Meneses<********************************>,Salvador Naya<************>and Javier Tarrio-Saavedra<**************>Maintainer:Antonio Meneses<********************************>ReferencesNaya,S.,Meneses A.,Tarrio-Saavedra,J.,Artiaga R.,Lopez-Beceiro,J.and Gracia-Fernandez C.(2013)New method for estimating shift factors in time-temperatura superposition models.JournalEpoxy3 of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry.ISSN1388-6150.DOI10.1007/s10973-013-3193-1.Williams,M.L.(1964)Structural analysis of Viscoelastic materials.AIAA Journal,785-808.Zou,J.,You F.,Su L.,Yang Z.,Chen G.and Guo S.(2011).Failure Mechanism of Time-Temperature Superposition for Poly(vinyl chloride)/Dioctylphthalate(100/70)System.DOI10.1002/app.35113.Ferry J.D.(1980)Viscoelastic Properties of Polymers,Wiley:New York.Artiaga R.,Garcia A.Fundamentals of DMA.In:’Thermal analysis.Fundamentals and applica-tions to material characterization’(ed.:Artiaga R.)Publicaciones de la Universidade da Coruna,ACoruna,Spain,183-206(2005).Chartoff R.P.,Menczel J.D.,Dillman S.H.Dynamic mechanical analysis(DMA).In:’Thermalanalysis of polymers.Fundamentals and applications’(eds.:Menczel J.D.,Prime R.B.)Wiley,SanJose,387-496(2009).Epoxy Dataset obtained from creep tests of an epoxy based composite by us-ing Dynamic Mechanical Thermal Analysis(DMTA)DescriptionEpoxy is a dataset composed of273rows and3columns that describes the performance of an epoxyresin based composite in a creep type test.This type of laboratory experimental procedure is definedby the application of a constant stress,σ,and the measuring of the strain,ε(t),or compliance,J(t)=ε(t)/σ(in the present case)as the response variable.The experimental tests are made byDynamic Mechanical Thermal Analysis(DMTA)technique,using a3point bending configurationwith the following features:Clamp,3-Point Bending;Geometry,Rectangular;Size:length of20mm,width of5.55mm,and thickness of about0.85mm.FormatThis data frame is composed of the following columns:Log10_time It accounts for39different times from2s to3599s,in logarithmic scale for each one of the7studied temperatures(overall273observations).Log10_Compliance It accounts for39different values for the compliance,J(MPa-1),for each one of the7studied temperatures,in base-ten logarithmic scale.Temperature It is the variable that shows the temperature at which the measurements of compli-ance are experimentally obtained,namely30,40,50,60,70,80,and90Celsius degrees.4PCDetailsThe dataset includes the measurements of the compliance property depending on the time and cor-responding to different specimens of an epoxy resin based composite.All the observations were obtained by the application of the DMTA experimental technique.The application of the TTS prin-ciple to creep tests is becoming more and more common.Creep test provides information about the deformation of a material subjected to a constant load.This test is in accordance with many real applications such as the performance of shoe insoles,structural materials,asphalt,etc.In this framework,TTS provides the degree of the deformation of the material at an extended range of times,when this material is subjected to a constant load.Therefore,TTS is becoming increasingly useful in studies of material degradation and lifetime estimation.The use of the TTS principle with creep tests usually provides smoother master curves since each curve is usually defined by a larger number of experimental observations than,for example,modulus curves as a function of frequency. SourceJaneiro-Arocas,J.,Tarrío-Saavedra,J.,López-Beceiro,J.,Naya,S.,López-Canosa,A.,Heredia-García,N.,and Artiaga,R.(2016).Creep analysis of silicone for podiatry applications.Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials,63,456-469.DOI10.1016/j.jmbbm.2016.07.014.Naya,S.,Meneses A,.Tarrio-Saavedra,J,.Artiaga R.,Lopez-Beceiro,J.and Gracia-Fernandez C.(2013)New method for estimating shift factors in time-temperatura superposition models.Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry.ISSN1388-6150.DOI10.1007/s10973-013-3193-1. Examplesdata(Epoxy)PC Dataset obtained from polycarbonate(polymer)tests using DynamicMechanical Analysis(DMA)DescriptionPC contains49rows and3columns.FormatThis data frame is composed of the following columns:A data frame with49observations on the following3variables:log10.frequency It accounts for seven different frequencies(rad/s)in logarithmic scale for each temperature(overall49).log10.module It accounts for seven different storage modulus,E’(Pa),in base-ten logarithmic scale for each temperature(overall49).temperature Seven different temperatures:147,148,149,150,151,152,153degrees celsius,each one with the corresponding seven values of frequency and storage modulus(overall49).DetailsThe dataset corresponds to the storage modulus viscoelastic property of different specimens of polycarbonate(PC)and obtained by DMA using TA Instruments Q800(Naya et al.,2013). SourceNaya,S.,Meneses A,.Tarrio-Saavedra,J,.Artiaga R.,Lopez-Beceiro,J.and Gracia-Fernandez C.(2013)New method for estimating shift factors in time-temperatura superposition models.Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry.ISSN1388-6150.DOI10.1007/s10973-013-3193-1. Examplesdata(PC)PLOT.TTS Time-Temperature Superposition(TTS)plotsDescriptionPlots of TTS results:experimental data,horizontal and vertical shifts,TTS data,TTS Master Curve fitting with B-Splines and bootstrap confidence intervals are deployed.UsagePLOT.TTS(x)Argumentsx TTS object.DetailsTTS plots are performed from the outputs of TTS function:data,aT,bT,TTS.data,TTS.gam y residuals.ValueThe following values are returned:PLOT.data()Generic function to plot the experimental data.By default log10.module versus log10.frequency.PLOT.aT()Generic plot of the horizontal shifts corresponding to each curve(modulus ver-sus frequency)obtained on temperature.PLOT.bT()Generic plot of the vertical shifts corresponding to each curve(modulus versus frequency)obtained on temperature.PLOT.TTS.data()Generic plot of the experimental data horizontally and vertically shifted withrespect to a the curve corresponding to the reference temperature.PLOT.TTS.gam()Generic plot of the Master Curve B-splines estimation with bootstrap confidence intervals at95per cent.PLOT.res()Generic plot of the residuals of Master Curve B-splinesfitting.Author(s)Antonio Meneses<********************************>,Salvador Naya<************>and Javier Tarrio-Saavedra<**************>ReferencesNaya,S.,Meneses A.,Tarrio-Saavedra,J.,Artiaga R.,Lopez-Beceiro,J.and Gracia-Fernandez C.(2013)New method for estimating shift factors in time-temperatura superposition models.Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry.ISSN1388-6150.DOI10.1007/s10973-013-3193-1.Williams,M.L.(1964)Structural analysis of Viscoelastic materials.AIAA Journal,785-808.Artiaga R.,Garcia A.Fundamentals of DMA.In:’Thermal analysis.Fundamentals and applica-tions to material characterization’(ed.:Artiaga R.)Publicaciones de la Universidade da Coruna,A Coruna,Spain,183-206(2005).Examples##TTS object applied to PC dataset.data(PC)Derive<-TTS(PC)x<-Derive##Generic plots for TTS analysisPLOT<-PLOT.TTS(x)names(PLOT)##[1]"PLOT.data""PLOT.aT""PLOT.bT""PLOT.TTS.data"##[5]"PLOT.TTS.gam""PLOT.res"##Generic plots of:data,aT,bT,TTS.data,TTS.gam and resPLOT$PLOT.data(main="PLOT:Data",xlab="log10.Frequency(rad/s)",ylab="log10.E (Pa)") PLOT$PLOT.aT(main="PLOT:horizontal translation factors",xlab="Temperature",ylab="aT") PLOT$PLOT.bT(main="PLOT:vertical translation factors",xlab="Temperature",ylab="bT") PLOT$PLOT.TTS.data(xlab="log10.Frequency(rad/s)",ylab="log10.E (Pa)")PLOT$PLOT.TTS.gam(xlab="log10.Frequency(rad/s)",ylab="log10.E (Pa)",main="Fitted gam,Bootstrap confidence intervals",sub="Reference temperature=150degrees celsius")PLOT$PLOT.res(main="TTS:gam residual",xlab="Fitted",ylab="Standardized residuals")SBS7SBS Dataset obtained from creep tests of styrene-butadiene-styrene(SBS)composite by using Dynamic Mechanical Thermal Analysis(DMTA)DescriptionSBS is a dataset composed of195rows and3columns that describes the performance in the frame-work of a creep test of a styrene-butadiene-styrene(SBS)composite.The creep tests are defined by the application of a constant stress,σ,and the measuring of the strain,ε(t),or compliance, J(t)=ε(t)/σ(in the present case),as the response variable.The experimental tests are made by Dynamic Mechanical Thermal Analysis(DMTA)technique,using a3point bending configuration with the following features:Clamp,3-Point Bending;Geometry,Rectangular;Size:length of20 mm,width of5.54mm,and thickness of about3.87mmm.FormatThis data frame is composed of the following columns:Log10_time It accounts for39different times from2s to3600s,in logarithmic scale for each one of the5studied temperatures(overall195observations).Log10_Compliance It accounts for39different values for the compliance,J(MPa-1),for each one of the5studied temperatures,in base-ten logarithmic scale.Temperature It is the variable that shows the temperature at which the measurements of compli-ance are experimentally obtained,namely40,50,60,70,and80Celsius degrees.DetailsThe dataset corresponds to the measure of the compliance property(with respect to the time)of different specimens of a SBS composite.The measurements were obtained by DMTA experimental technique.The application of the TTS principle to creep tests is becoming more and more common.Creep test provides information about the deformation of a material subjected to a constant load.This test is in accordance with many real applications such as the performance of shoe insoles,structural ma-terials,asphalt,etc.In this framework,TTS provides the degree of the deformation of the material at an extended range of times,when this material is subjected to a constant load.Therefore,TTS is becoming increasingly useful in studies of material degradation and lifetime estimation.The use of the TTS principle with creep tests usually provides smoother master curves since each curve is usually defined by a larger number of experimental observations than,for example,modulus curves as a function of frequency.SourceJaneiro-Arocas,J.,Tarrío-Saavedra,J.,López-Beceiro,J.,Naya,S.,López-Canosa,A.,Heredia-García,N.,and Artiaga,R.(2016).Creep analysis of silicone for podiatry applications.Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials,63,456-469.DOI10.1016/j.jmbbm.2016.07.014.8TTSNaya,S.,Meneses A,.Tarrio-Saavedra,J,.Artiaga R.,Lopez-Beceiro,J.and Gracia-Fernandez C.(2013)New method for estimating shift factors in time-temperatura superposition models.Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry.ISSN1388-6150.DOI10.1007/s10973-013-3193-1. Examplesdata(SBS)TTS Time-Temperature Superposition(TTS)analysisDescriptionThe Master Curve at a specific temperature is estimated using Time-Temperature Superposition (TTS)procedures.The Master Curve means the variation of a specific viscoelastic property of the selected material depending on time or frequency.TTS procedures provide the viscoelastic property variation at the selected temperature in a wider interval of time or frequency than in the experimental case.The Master Curve is estimated for each selected reference temperaure using TTS procedures.Three TTS methodologies are implemented in this package:the two wider used methods,Arrhenius based methods and WLF,and the newer methodology based on derivatives procedure.The Master Curve is smoothed by B-splines basis.UsageTTS(x,reference.temperature=150,n=100,nB=100,method=c("derived","WLF","Arrhenius"))Argumentsx Matrix or data frame composed of three columns:a numeric column vector with the experimental frequencies(in logarithmic scale,base-ten),the modulus(E’or G’)base-ten logarithm vector and,finally the corresponding temperaturesvector.reference.temperatureValue of the selected reference temperatura at which the Master Curve of mod-ulus will be obtained,the default value of temperature is150.n Number of partitions in the frequency domain in order tofit the B-spline basis.The default value is100.nB Number of bootstrap replicates to estimate confidence intervals of master curve fitting.The default is100.method A string vector composed of one of the following options:"derived"(by default), "WLF"and"Arrhenius".TTS9DetailsEl New method for estimating shift factors in time-temperatura superposition models(Naya et al., 2013)opens the possibility to perform the TTS function.The horizontal and vertical shifts are ly,the different methods are differenciated due to the expression for estimating the horizontal shifts,aT.The"derivated"method is based on the application of horizontal shifts to the moduli derivatives(depending on the frequency)and thus obtaining the Master Curve at the selected temperature:(dE’)/dx(x+aT)->(dE’)/dx(x)WLF method is defined by the parametric expression:Log10(aT)=-C1*(T-To)/(C2+(T-To))Where C1and C2are constants to be estimated,T is the temperature and To the reference tempera-ture.Arrhenius method is defined by the parametric expression:Log10(aT)=Ea*((1/T)-(1/To))*log10(2.718282)/RWhere Ea is the activation energy,R=8.314J/mol is the universal gas constant,T is the absolute temperature(Kelvin degrees),and To the reference temperature(Celsius degrees).The vertical shifts,bT,are calculated taking into account the vertical distance between the moduli curves.ValueThe function returns a list composed of the following outputs:data Input experimental data.aT Numerical vector of horizontal shifts between the modulus curves.bT Numerical vector of vertical shifts between the modulus curves.TTS.data Master Curve Data frame defined by three columns:log10frequency,log10module and temperature.ref.temp Reference temperature value.TTS.gam Data frame of the Generalized Additive Model with B-splines(GAM)estimate of the Master Curve.It contains two columns:frequency and Prediction.I.lower Lower limit of bootstrap confidence interval corresponding to the estimated B-splines Master Curve.I.upper Upper limit of bootstrap confidence interval corresponding to the estimated B-splines Master Curve.residuals Residuals corresponding to the GAM with B-splines Master Curvefitting.10TTS_10 Author(s)Antonio Meneses<********************************>,Salvador Naya<************>and Javier Tarrio-Saavedra<**************>ReferencesNaya,S.,Meneses A.,Tarrio-Saavedra,J.,Artiaga R.,Lopez-Beceiro,J.and Gracia-Fernandez C.(2013)New method for estimating shift factors in time-temperatura superposition models.Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry.ISSN1388-6150.DOI10.1007/s10973-013-3193-1.Williams,M.L.(1964)Structural analysis of Viscoelastic materials.AIAA Journal,785-808.Artiaga R.,Garcia A.Fundamentals of DMA.In:’Thermal analysis.Fundamentals and applica-tions to material characterization’(ed.:Artiaga R.)Publicaciones de la Universidade da Coruna,A Coruna,Spain,183-206(2005).Examples##Polycarbonate datasetdata(PC)x=PC##TTS function applied to polycarbonate.derive=TTS(x,reference.temperature=150,method=c("derived","WLF","Arrhenius"))names(derive)##[1]"data""aT""bT""TTS.data""ref.temp""TTS.gam"##[7]"I.lower""I.upper""residuals"##Horizontal shifts vector of modulus versus frequency curves.derive$aT##Reference temperaturederive$ref.tempTTS_10Time-Temperature Superposition(TTS)analysisDescriptionThis function provides an estimate of the Master Curve in a similar way to the TTS function,with the difference that,in this case,a thin plate splinefit is performed(instead the B-splines smoothing), within the framework of the application of generalized additive models(GAM),as implemented in the mgcv package.TTS_1011UsageTTS_10(x,reference.temperature=40,n=100,nB=100,method=c("derived","WLF","Arrhenius"))Argumentsx Matrix or data frame composed of three columns:a numeric column vectorwith the experimental frequencies(in logarithmic scale,base-ten),the responsevariable(E’or G’modulus,compliance,etc.)base-ten logarithm vector and,finally the corresponding temperatures vector.reference.temperatureValue of the selected reference temperature at which the Master Curve of theresponse variable(E’or G’modulus,compliance,etc.)will be obtained,thedefault value of temperature is40.n Number of partitions in the frequency domain in order tofit the B-spline basis.The default value is100.nB Number of bootstrap replicates to estimate confidence intervals of Master Curvefitting.The default is100.method A string vector composed of one of the following options:"derived"(by default),"WLF"and"Arrhenius".ValueThe function returns a list composed of the following outputs:data Input experimental data.aT Numerical vector of horizontal shifts between the modulus curves.bT Numerical vector of vertical shifts between the modulus curves.TTS.data Master Curve Data frame defined by three columns:Log10_time,Log10_Compliance and Temperature.ref.temp Reference temperature value.TTS.gam Data frame of the Generalized Additive Model with B-splines(GAM)estimateof the Master Curve.It contains two columns:time and Prediction.I.lower Lower limit of bootstrap confidence interval corresponding to the estimated B-splines Master Curve.I.upper Upper limit of bootstrap confidence interval corresponding to the estimated B-splines Master Curve.residuals Residuals corresponding to the GAM with B-splines Master Curvefitting.12TTS_10Author(s)Antonio Meneses<********************************>,Salvador Naya<************>and Javier Tarrio-Saavedra<**************>ReferencesNaya,S.,Meneses A.,Tarrio-Saavedra,J.,Artiaga R.,Lopez-Beceiro,J.and Gracia-Fernandez C.(2013)New method for estimating shift factors in time-temperatura superposition models.Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry.ISSN1388-6150.DOI10.1007/s10973-013-3193-1.Williams,M.L.(1964)Structural analysis of Viscoelastic materials.AIAA Journal,785-808.Artiaga R.,Garcia A.Fundamentals of DMA.In:’Thermal analysis.Fundamentals and applica-tions to material characterization’(ed.:Artiaga R.)Publicaciones de la Universidade da Coruna,A Coruna,Spain,183-206(2005).Wood,S.N.(2017)Generalized Additive Models:An Introduction with R(2nd edition).Chapman and Hall/CRC.Examples##Epoxydata(Epoxy)x=Epoxy##TTS_10function applied to Epoxy.Q=TTS_10(x,reference.temperature=40,method=c("derived","WLF","Arrhenius"))names(Q)##Horizontal shifts vector of compliance versus time curves.Q$aT##Reference temperatureQ$ref.tempPLOT<-PLOT.TTS(Q)##Generic plots of:data,aT,bT,TTS.data and TTS.gamPLOT$PLOT.data(main="PLOT:Data",xlab="Log_time",ylab="Log_Compliance")PLOT$PLOT.aT(main="PLOT:horizontal shift factors",xlab="Temperature",ylab="aT")PLOT$PLOT.bT(main="PLOT:vertical shift factors",xlab="Temperature",ylab="bT")PLOT$PLOT.TTS.data(xlab="Log_time",ylab="Log_Compliance")PLOT$PLOT.TTS.gam(xlab="Log_time",ylab="Log_Compliance",main="Fitted gam,Bootstrap confidence intervals",sub="Reference temperature=40Celsius degrees")Index∗TTS.PLOT()PLOT.TTS,5∗TTS_10TTS_10,10∗TTSTTS,8∗datasetsEpoxy,3PC,4SBS,7∗packageTTS-package,2Epoxy,3PC,4PLOT.TTS,5SBS,7TTS,8TTS-package,2TTS_10,1013。
AutoCAD(英文版)中所有英语词汇的翻译
英文词汇大陆词汇台湾词汇2D Solid 二维实体 2D 实面2D Wireframe 二维线框3D Array 三维阵列 3D 阵列3D Dynamic View 三维动态观察 3D 动态检视3d objects 三维物体 3D 物件3D Orbit 三维轨道 3D 动态3D Orbit 三维动态观察 3D 动态3D Studio 3D Studio 3D Studio3D Viewpoint 三维视点 3D 检视点3dpoly 三维多段线 3D 聚合线3dsin 3DS 输入 3D 实体汇入3DSolid 三维实体 3D 实体3dsout 3DS 输出 3D 实体汇出abort 放弃中断abort 中断中断absolute coordinates 绝对坐标绝对座标abut 邻接相邻accelerator key 加速键快速键access 获取存取acisin ACIS 输入 ACIS 汇入acisout ACIS 输出 ACIS 汇出action 操作动作active 活动（的）作用中adaptive sampling 自适应采样最适取样add 添加加入Add a Printer 添加打印机新增印表机Add mode 添加模式Add Plot Style Table 添加打印样式表Add Plot Style Table 添加打印样式表Add Plotter 添加打印机Add Plotter 添加打印机Add to Favorites 添加到收藏夹加入我的最爱ADI ADI(Autodesk 设备接口) ADI (Autodesk 设备介面)adjacent 相邻相邻Adjust 调整调整Adjust Area fill 调整区域填充调整区域填满AdLM (Autodesk License Manager) AdLM（Autodesk 许可管理器）Administration dialog box 管理对话框管理对话方块Advanced Setup Wizard 高级设置向导进阶安装精灵Aerial View 鸟瞰视图鸟瞰视景affine calibration 仿射校准关系校正alert 警告警示alias 别名别名aliasing 走样锯齿化align 对齐对齐aligned dimension 对齐标注对齐式标注alignment 对齐(方式) 对齐allocate 分配配置Altitude 标高高度ambient color 环境色环境颜色ambient light 环境光环境光源angular dimension 角度标注角度标注angular unit 角度单位角度单位annotation 注释注解anonymous block 无名块匿名图块anti-aliasing 反走样消除锯齿aperture 靶框锁点框apparent intersections 外观交点外观交点append 附加附加Application key 授权申请号应用程式码appload 加载应用程序载入应用程式Apply 应用/申请套用approximation points 近似点近似点arc 圆弧弧Architectual Ticks 建筑标记建筑斜线area 区域,面积区域 ,面积Argument 参数引数Arrange icons 排列图标排列图示array 阵列阵列arrowhead 箭头箭头ASCII ASCII （美国标准信息交换码） ASCII aseadmin ASE 管理 ASE 管理aseexport ASE 输出 ASE 汇出aselinks ASE 链接 ASE 连结aserows ASE 行 ASE 列aseselect ASE 选择 ASE 选取asesqled SQL 编辑 ASE SQL 编辑器Aspect 纵横向间距纵横向间距aspect ratio 宽高比纵横比assign 指定指定Assist 助理辅助associative dimension 关联标注关联式标注associative hatches 关联填充关联式剖面线attach v.附着贴附attdef 属性定义属性定义attdisp 属性显示属性显示attedit 属性编辑属性编辑attenuation 衰减衰减attenuation of light 灯光衰减光源衰减attext 属性提取属性萃取attredef 属性重定义属性重新定义attribute definition 属性定义属性定义Attribute Display 属性显示属性显示attribute extraction file 属性提取文件属性萃取档attribute extraction template file 属性提取样板文件属性萃取样板档attribute prompt 属性提示属性提示attribute tag 属性标签属性标签attribute value 属性值属性值audit 核查检核authorization code 授权码授权码AutoCAD library search path AutoCAD 库搜索路径 AutoCAD 资源库搜寻路径autocommit 自动提交自动确定AutoTrack 自动追踪自动追踪axis tripod 三轴架三向轴azimuth 方位角方位Back Clipping On 后向剪裁打开back view 后视图後视景background color 背景色背景颜色backup 备份备份Backward 反向左右反向bad 不正确的不正确base 基点基准,底端,底部base dimension 基准标注基线式标注base grips 基夹点基准掣点base point 基点基准点baseline 基线基准线基线式baseline dimension 基线标注基线式标注Basic color 基本色基本颜色batch plotting 批处理打印批次出图beam angles of spotlights 聚光灯光束角度点光源光线角度Beep on Error 出错报警错误时发出哔声bevel 倒角斜切bevel 倒角斜切beveling objects 斜角对象斜切物件Bezier curve Bezier 曲线 Bezier 曲线Big Font 大字体大字体bind 绑定并入bitmap 位图点阵图blend 合成混成blipmode 点标记模式点记模式block 块图块block definition 块定义图块定义block reference 块参照图块参考block table 块表图块表格bmpout BMP 输出 BMP 汇出body 体主体Boolean operation 布尔运算布林运算borders 边框图框bottom view 仰视图下视景boundary 边界边界boundary sets 边界集边界集bounding 边（框）边界框break (v.) 打断切断Bring Above Object 置于对象之上置於物件上方Bring to Top 顶置置於最上方brower 浏览器浏览器built-in 内置的内建bulge 凸度凸度bump map 凹凸贴图凸纹贴图button menu 按钮菜单按钮功能表BYBLOCK 随块 BYBLOCKBYLAYER 随层 BYLAYERbyte 字节位元组cabling 电缆布线配线cal 计算器校正calibrate 校准校正call 调用呼叫callback 回调(for LISP) 回覆callback 回叫回覆camera 相机照相机camera angle 相机角度相机角度Cancel 取消取消cap 封口封口cascade 层叠（的）重叠排列case （大小）写大小写cast 投射投射catalog 目录目录cell 单元储存格Center 圆心中心center mark 圆心标记中心点标记centerline 中心线中心线centroid 形心,质心矩心chamfer 倒角倒角change 修改变更character 字符字元Check 检查检查Check Box 复选框勾选框Check Spelling 拼写检查拼字检查child dimension style 下级标注样式子标注型式chord 弦翼弦chprop 修改特性变更性质circle 圆圆circular external reference 循环外部参照循环外部参考Circumference 圆周圆周class 类等级, 类别clause 子句子句Clean 清除清理Clean 清除清理clear 清除清除client 客户机用户端clip 剪裁截取Clipboard 剪贴板剪贴簿clipping boundaries 剪裁边界截取边界clipping planes 剪裁平面截取平面Close 闭合关闭(用於档案),闭合(用於边界,线,面域) cluster 组丛集code pages 代码页字码页color 颜色著色color depth 颜色深度颜色深度color map 色表颜色对映Color Wheel 颜色轮盘色轮color-dependent 颜色相关Color-Dependent Plot Style Table 颜色相关打印样式表column 列栏 (for database)combine 结合结合comma 逗号逗号command history 命令历史指令历程command line 命令行指令行command window 命令窗口指令视窗comment 注释注解commit 提交确定Compatibility 兼容性相容性compile 编译编译complex solids 复杂实体复杂实体component 分量元件Component 部件元件composite regions 组合面域复合面域composite tolerances 混合公差复合公差compound documents 合成文档复合文件cone 圆锥面圆锥体config 配置规划configuration 配置规划conic 圆锥曲线圆锥形的Constant 常量常数Construction Line 构造线建构线containers 容器容器Content Explorer 内容管理器内容浏览器Content Explorer 内容管理器内容浏览器contents 内容内容,目录context 环境上下文continuation 顺序连续性Continue 继续继续,延续Continue 继续继续,延续continue dimension 连续标注连续式标注contour lines 轮廓线等高线contrast 对比度对比contrast 对比度对比control (n.)控件控制coordinate filters 坐标过滤器座标过滤器coordinate system 坐标系座标系统coplanar 同一平面的共平面copy 副本复制,复本Copy Hyperlink 复制超级链接复制超级连结copyclip 复制剪贴复制截取copyhist 复制历史复制历程copylink 复制链接复制连结Corner 角点角点corner joint 角点转角接点correct v. 更正正确corrupt 毁损损坏create 创建建立Create Layout 创建布局criteria 条件准则criteria 条件准则Crop 修剪切齐crosshair 十字光标十字游标crossing 窗交框选crossing polygon 交叉多边形多边形框选crossing window 交叉窗口窗选cube 立方体立方体Cubic 三次三次,立方Current UCS 当前 UCS 目前的 UCS Current UCS 当前 UCS 目前的 UCScursor 游标游标cursor menu 光标菜单游标功能表curve 曲线曲线custom 自定义自订Custom installation 自定义安装自订安装Customize Menus 自定义菜单自订功能表Customize Menus 自定义菜单自订功能表Cut 剪切剪下cutclip 剪切剪下截取cylinder 圆柱体圆柱体cylindrical coordinate 柱坐标圆柱体座标dangle 不固定的悬挂Dark Color 暗色暗色dash 虚线虚线data integrity 数据完整性资料完整性database 数据库资料库datum 基准基准面datum axis 基准轴基准轴datum dimension 基准标注基准标注datum identifier 基准标识基准识别字datum reference frames 基准参考框架基准参考框datum reference letters 基准参考字母基准参考文字dbConnect 数据库连接资料库连结dbConnect Manager 数据库连接管理器dblist 数据库列表资料库列示DBMS drivers DBMS 驱动资料库管理系统 (DBMS) ddattdef 属性定义对话框动态属性定义ddatte 属性编辑对话框动态属性编辑ddattext 属性提取对话框动态属性萃取ddcolor 颜色对话框动态颜色设定ddedit 文字编辑对话框编辑文字与属性定义ddgrips 夹点对话框动态掣点设定ddim 标注设置对话框标注设定ddinsert 插入对话框图块插入ddmodify 图元编辑对话框动态修改ddptype 点类型对话框点型式ddrename 重命名对话框动态更名ddrmodes 绘图模式对话框绘图设定ddselect 对象选择对话框动态选取设定dducs UCS 对话框动态 UCS 设定dducsp UCS 方向对话框动态 UCS 预设ddunits 单位对话框动态单位设定ddview 视图对话框动态视景ddvpoint 视点对话框动态检视点deactivate 释放停用dealer 经销商经销商decal effect 修剪效果除去杂质效果decimal dimensions 十进制标注十进位标注decurve 非曲线化直线化default 缺省预设值,预设default drawing 缺省图形预设图面default drawing 缺省图形预设图面definition point 定义点定义点Degenerate 退化退化delay 延迟延迟delete 删除删除DELta 增量差值demand loading 按需加载应要求载入dependent symbols 依赖符号deployment 展开布署Depth Map 深度贴图深度贴图derive 导出导出description 说明描述Design Center 设计中心设计中心detach 拆离分离Detection 检测侦测deviation 极限偏差偏差deviation tolerances 极限公差偏差公差device 设备设备device 设备设备Device and Default Selection 设备和默认选择设备和预设值选取Dia 直径直径diameter 直径（标注）直径dictionary 词典字典diffuse color 漫射色漫射颜色digitizer 数字化仪数位板digitizing puck 数字化仪游标数位化指向器digitizing puck 数字化仪游标数位化指向器dim 标注标注dimaligned 对齐标注对齐式标注dimangular 角度标注角度标注dimbaseline 标注基线基线式标注dimcenter 圆心标注中心点标注dimcontinue 连续标注连续式标注dimdiameter 直径标注直径标注dimedit 标注编辑标注编辑dimension 标注标注dimension definition points 标注定义点标注定义点dimension format 标注格式标注格式dimension geometry 构成要素标注几何dimension line arc 尺寸线圆弧标注线弧dimension properties 标注特性标注性质dimension scale 标注比例标注比例dimension style 标注样式标注型式dimension style families 标注样式族标注型式家族dimension style name 标注样式名标注型式名称dimension style overrides 标注样式替代标注型式取代dimension text 标注文字标注文字dimension units 标注单位标注单位dimension variables 标注变量标注变数dimlinear 线性标注线性标注dimordinate 坐标标注座标式标注dimoverride 标注替代标注取代dimradius 半径标注半径标注dimstyle 标注样式标注型式dimtedit 标注文字编辑标注文字编辑Direct Hatch 直接填充直接剖面Direction Control 方向控制方向控制Directory 目录目录Disable 禁用取消,停用discard 放弃舍弃Discontinued 停止使用的取消,停用dish 下半球面圆碟disk space 磁盘空间磁碟空间displacement point 位移点位移点display 显示显示器, 显示, 显示画面Display Order 显示次序显示顺序dist 距离距离distant light 平行光远光源distributing 分布分散式dithering 抖动递色diverge 分散的分散的Divide 等分等分divide 等分等分Division 等分分割,除法dock(undock) 固定（浮动）固定document 文档文件dome 上半球面圆顶donut 园环环Draft 草图草图drafting standards 绘图标准制图标准drafting techniques 绘图技术制图技巧drag and drop 拖放拖放draw 绘制/绘图 (如果后面未接宾语) 绘图drawing 图形图面,图档Drawing Aids 绘图辅助工具绘图辅助drawing area 绘图区域绘图区drawing boundaries 图形边界图面边界drawing browser 图形浏览器图面浏览器drawing database 图形数据库图形资料库drawing environment 图形环境绘图环境drawing extents 图形范围图面实际范围drawing file 图形文件图档drawing limits 图形界限图面范围drawing order 图形次序绘图顺序drawing project 图形项目绘图专案drawing scale 图形比例图面比例drawing standard 图形标准图面标准drawing status 图形状态图面状态drawing time 绘图时间绘图时间drawing units 图形单位图面单位driver 驱动程序驱动程式Dropdown List 下拉列表下拉式列示dsviewer 鸟瞰视图鸟瞰视景dtext 动态文本动态文字dump 转储倾出duplicate 重复重复的duplicating 复制复制dview 动态观察动态检视dxbin DXB输入 DXB 汇入dxfin DXF输入 DXF 汇入dxfout DXF输出 DXF 汇出Dynamic 动态动态Dynamic Dragging 动态拖动动态拖曳Dynamic Update 动态更新动态更新dynamic viewing 动态观察动态检视dynamic zooming 动态缩放动态缩放edge 边边缘Edge Surface 边界曲面边缘曲面edgesurf 边界曲面边缘曲面editor 编辑器编辑器EDUCATION VERSION 教学版教育版effect 效果效果Element 元素元素elev 标高高程elevation 标高高程ellipse 椭圆椭圆embed 内嵌，嵌入嵌入Encapsulated 封装 See also "EPS" 压缩end 端点结束,终点end angle 端点角度结束角度end tangent 端点切向结束切点end width 端点宽度结束宽度Ending 终止端点English units 英制单位英制ENTER ENTER（输入）输入entity 图元元件 . 图元entry 条目资料项environment 环境环境environment variable 环境变量环境变数equation 方程式方程式erase 删除删除existing 现有的既有的Exit 退出结束export 输出汇出expression 表达式表示式extend 扩展延伸extend 延伸，超出量（用于标注）延伸extension line 尺寸界线延伸线Extent(s) 范围实际范围external data 外部数据外部资料external database 外部数据库外部资料库External Reference 外部参照外部参考Extract 选集萃取extrude 拉伸挤出face 面面facet 镶嵌面产生刻面factor 因子(see Scale Factor) 系数fade 褪色度渐层falloff angle 收缩角衰退角度Fast Zoom mode 快速缩放模式快速缩放模式fatal 致命错误致命错误Favorites 收藏夹我的最爱Favorites 收藏夹我的最爱feature 功能/（几何）特征特徵fence 栏选 (See also Selection fence) 篱选field 字段栏位file 文件档案fill 填充填实Filled Text 填充文字文字填实(用於填实线条、实体或实面)Filmroll Filmroll 胶卷filter 过滤器过滤器find 查找寻找工具finish 完成修饰finish 修饰（for render only) 修饰fit 自适应设置布满（用於预览时，布满视窗或图纸）fit points 拟合点拟合点flag 标志旗标Flat Shaded, Edges on 带边框平淡着色flat-shaded （平淡）着色floating viewports 浮动视口浮动视埠flood 布满大量Flyout Properties 弹出特性对话框图示列性质fog 雾雾fold 折叠摺痕Follow 跟随自动平面视景font 字体字体font map file 字体映射文件字体对映档form tolerance 形状公差成型公差formatting text 设置文字格式格式化文字frame 框架画格frame 帧画格frame 边框画格free-form 自由形式（的）自由形式freehand line 徒手画线手绘线Freeplotting 自由绘图自由出图freeze 冻结冻结freezing layers 冻结图层冻结图层From 自自Front Clipping On 前向剪裁打开front view 主视图前视景Full Preview 全视口预览完整预览General 基本一般generate 生成产生geometric characteristic symbols 几何特性几何特性符号Geometric Tolerance 形位公差几何公差geometry 几何图形几何图形global 全局（的）整体Gouraud renderings Gouraud Gouraud 着色 Gouraud 彩现Gradient 百分度渐层Grads 百分度分度graphic area 图形区图形区graphics cursor 图形光标图形游标graphics screen 图形屏图形萤幕graphics window 图形窗口图形视窗graphscr 图形屏图形萤幕gray 灰度灰阶grid 网格格点grid 网格,栅格格点grid mode 栅格模式格点模式grip 夹点掣点group 编组群组group code 组码群组码Haltftoning 半色调半色调handle 句柄处理码 (用於性质对话方块)handshaking 握手信号交握Hardcopy 硬拷贝硬体复制,硬本hardware linetype 硬件线型硬体线型hardware lock 保密锁硬体锁hardware requirement 硬件需求硬体需求hatch 图案填充剖面线hatch areas 填充区域剖面区域hatch boundaries 填充边界剖面边界hatch pattern 填充图案剖面线样式hatch styles 填充样式剖面样式hatchedit 填充编辑剖面线编辑Heads-up Design 轻松设计抬头设计Height 高度高度help 帮助说明Hidden Line 隐藏线隐藏线hidden-line image 消隐图像隐藏线影像hide 隐藏(adj.) 隐藏hide 消隐(v.) 隐藏hideplot 消隐出图隐藏出图highlight 突出显示亮显highlight 亮光 (for the color of 3D object) 亮显HIGHLIGHT 亮显亮显home page 主页首页home position 起始位置归位点hook line 钩线钩线hotspot 聚光角聚光点Hyperlink 超级链接超连结Icon 图标图示Identifier 标识符识别字IGES (International Graphics Exchange Specification) 初始图形交换标准基本图形交换规格Ignore 忽略忽略image 图像影像implement 实现实施import 输入汇入Imprint 压印盖印Imprint 压印盖印included angle 包含角夹角infinite lines 无限长线无限长直线information 信息资讯Inherit Properties 继承特性继承性质initial environment 初始环境初始环境Initialize 初始化起始设定in-place 在位现地inquiry 查询查询inscribed polygons 内接正多边形内接多边形insert 插入插入Insertion 插入点插入点insertobj 插入对象插入物件instance 引用实例Instruction 指示指示integer 整数整数IntelliMouse 智能鼠标智慧型滑鼠IntelliMouse 智能鼠标智慧型滑鼠Intensity 强度强度interactive 交互的互动式Interchange 互换交替interface 介面介面interfere 干涉干涉Interference 干涉干涉Interference 干涉干涉interlace 隔行交错internal 内部的内部Internet Utilities Internet应用程序网际网路公用程式interpolation points 插值点内插点intersect 交集交集interval 间距/间隔间隔时间Invalid 无效（的）无效inverse linear attenuation of light 线性衰减光线的线性反比衰减inverse square attenuation of light 平方衰减光线的平方反比衰减Invisible 不可见不可见invoke 调用呼叫island 孤岛孤立物件Island detection 孤岛检测侦测孤立物件ISO (International Standards Organization) ISO(国际标准化组织) ISO Isolation levels 隔离级别隔离层次isoline 素线等角线isometric 等轴测等角isometric snap style 等轴测捕捉样式等角锁点型式isometric view 等轴测视图等角视景isoplane 等轴测平面等角平面ISOPLANE 等轴测平面等角平面Italic 斜体斜体iterator 枚举器重述子join 合并结合joint 连接接合线Justification 对正对正方式justify 对正对正key 主键主键key n.名称主键knot vector 节点矢量要点向量label 标签标签landscape 横向横式Landscape 配景，风景,if used for "landscape object" etc. 横式Landscape Edit 编辑配景Landscape Library 配景库景物图库lateral tolerance symbol 尺寸公差符号侧向公差符号layer index 图层索引图层索引Layout 布局配置Layout from Template 来自样板的布局Layout from Template 来自样板的布局Layout Wizard 布局向导leader 引线引线Leading 前导前导Learning Assistance 学习助手学习助理Left View 左视图左视景legacy 传统旧式length 长度长度lengthen 拉长调整长度Lens Length 镜头长度镜头长度License Agreement 许可协议授权合约license key 许可证号授权码License Manager 许可管理器授权管理员License Server 许可服务器授权伺服器licenses 授权授权light 光源光源light color 浅色 (for RAMT-wood ) 亮色Light Color 暖色亮色lighting 照明效果照明Lightness 亮度亮度limits 图形界限范围,图面范围line 行线line 直线线line font 线型线字体line object 线性对象线物件line segment 线段线段line width 线宽线宽Linear Dimension 线性标注线性标注linetype 线型线型Lineweight 线宽线宽link 链接连结list 表串列list 列表串列list box 列表框列示框List Files 文件列表load 加载载入locale 局部本地location 网址(for Internet) 位置location 位置(for file and directory) 位置locked 锁定锁护locked layer 锁定图层锁护图层logfileoff 关闭日志文件关闭记录档logfileon 打开日志文件开启记录档logical 逻辑逻辑的long file name 长文件名长档名loop 环回路ltscale 线型比例线型比例LTSCALE 线型比例线型比例Ltype 线型线型lump 块小块magnet 磁吸磁铁magnification （缩放）比例倍率magnifying glass 放大镜放大境main window 主窗口主视窗major axis 长轴长轴Make 新建制作Make 建立制作malformed 有缺陷畸形的Manipulate 操作管理Manipulate 操作管理Manufacture 制造商制造商mapper 贴图贴图mapping 贴图贴图,对映marble 大理石大理石mark 标记标记massprop 质量特性质量性质match 匹配相符material condition 包容条件材质条件material condition symbols 包容条件符号材质条件符号Materials 材质对话框材质Materials Library 材质库材质库matlib 材质库材质库measure 测量测量measure 等距等分（菜单内容）测量Measurement 测量单位测量结果MEASUREMENT 在图形中设置测量值测量结果member 成员成员memory 内存记忆体menu 菜单功能表menu bar 菜单栏功能表列menuload 加载菜单自订功能表Merge 合并合并message 信息讯息metafile 图元文件中继档Method 方法方法 (用於物件导向程式观念)Middle 中央点中央Middle Center 正中点正中Midpoint 中点中点minsert 多重插入插入图块阵列mirror 镜像镜射mirror line 镜像射线镜射线mirror3d 三维镜像 3 D 镜射Miscellaneous File Names 其他文件名其它档名Miter 斜接斜接mledit 多线编辑复线编辑mline 多线复线mlstyle 多线样式复线型式mode 模式模式model 型号模型model 型号模型model (v)建模，(n)模型模型model space 模型空间模型空间Modification 修改修改monitor resolution 显示器分辨率萤幕解析度monochrome 单色（的）单色mouse 鼠标滑鼠move 移动移动mslide 制作幻灯制作幻灯片mspace 模型空间模型空间mtext 多行文字多行文字Multiline 多线比例复线multiline scale 多线比例复线比例Multiline Style 多线样式复线型式mview 生成视口多重视埠mvsetup 设置图纸规格多重视埠设定named object 命名对象具名物件named plot style table 命名的打印样式表具名的出图型式表Named UCS 命名 UCS 具名 UCSnamed view 命名视图具名的视景NE Isometric 东北等轴测东北等角NE Isometric 东北等轴测东北等角Nearest 最近点最近点nested 嵌套巢状式nested blocks 嵌套块巢状式图块new 新建开新档案new 新的开新档案New Layout 新建布局New Layout 新建布局NURB surfaces NURBS（非一致有理 B 样条曲线） NURBS 曲面NW Isometric 西北等轴测西北等角NW Isometric 西北等轴测西北等角object 对象物件Object Properties 对象特性物件性质Object Properties Manager 对象特性管理器物件性质管理员Object Snap 对象捕捉物件锁点object snap override 对象捕捉覆盖物件锁点取代Object Snap Setting 对象捕捉设置objects 对象物件Oblique 斜尺寸界线倾斜obsolete 废弃旧式ODBC database ODBC数据库 ODBC 资料库offset 偏移偏移OLE OLE（对象链接和嵌入）物件连接与嵌入 (OLE)olelinks OLE链接 OLE 连结online help 联机帮助线上说明online manuals 联机手册线上手册oops 恢复取消删除opacity map 不透明贴图不透明贴图open 打开开启 (大部分用於档案)open 打开(的) 开启 (大部分用於档案)OPM(Object Property Manager) 对象特性管理器Optimization 优化最佳化option 选项选项Orbit 轨道动态, 动态检视Ordinate 坐标标注座标式orientation 方向方位origin 原点（对于坐标系）原点origin 原始位置(used for external Datebase) 原点origin 起点（对于尺寸界线和标注）原点ortho 正交正交Ortho mode 正交模式正交模式orthogonal 正交正交的orthographic 正交正投影osnap 对象捕捉物件锁点outside 外部的外侧 (用於文字位置)overall dimension scale 全局比例整体标注比例overflow 溢出高溢 (相对於 underflow),溢位overlay 覆盖覆叠overline 上划线顶线override 忽略 - For common sentences 取代override 替代 - For dimension 取代overwrite 覆盖取代Palette 控制板选盘Palette 调色板选盘pan 平移平移pane 窗格窗格paper space 图纸空间图纸空间parameter 参数参数parent dimension style 上级标注样式父系标注型式parse 分析分析Partial 部分局部Partial Load 部分加载局部载入Partial Load 部分加载局部载入password 口令密码Paste Special 选择性粘贴选择性贴上pasteclip 粘贴贴上截取pastespec 选择性粘贴选择性贴上path 路径路径pattern 方式 for "file search pattern" 样式pattern 图案 for hatch pattern, line pattern, etc. 样式pedit 多段线编辑聚合线编辑pen plotters 笔式绘图仪笔式绘图机pen speed 笔速笔速pen width 笔宽笔宽Perfomance 性能效能perimeter 周长周长personalization 个人化个人化pface 复合面聚合面Phong shading Phong 着色描影Photo Raytrace renderer 照片级光线跟踪渲染光线追踪相片彩现Photo Real renderer 照片级真实感渲染真实相片彩现photo realistic rendering 照片级真实感渲染相片质感彩现pick button 拾取键点选钮pickbox 拾取框点选框PICKFIRST 选择优先先点选picture 图片图片pixel 像素像素placeholder 占位符定位器plan 平面图平面plan view 平面视图平面视景planar projection 平面投影平面投影pline 多段线聚合线plot 打印出图Plot Configuration 打印配置出图规划plot files 打印文件出图档plot rotation 打印旋转出图旋转plot spooling 打印假脱机出图伫列Plot Style Manager 打印样式管理器plot style table 打印样式表出图型式表plotter 绘图仪绘图机plotter linetype 绘图仪线型绘图机线型Plotter Manager 打印机管理器Point Filters 点过滤点过滤器point marker 点标记点标记Point Sample 点采样取样点Point Style 点样式点型式pointer 指针指标pointing device 定点设备指向设备polar array 环形阵列环形阵列polar coordinate 极坐标极座标polar tracking 极轴追踪极座标追踪polar tracking 极轴追踪极座标追踪polyface meshes 多面网格聚合面网面polygon 正多边形多边形polygon 多边形多边形polygon meshes 多边形网格多边形网面polygon window 多边形窗口多边形视窗polygonal clipping boundaries 多边形剪切边界多边形截取边界polyline 多段线聚合线polyline clipping boundaries 多段线裁剪边界聚合线截取边界polyline segments 多段线线段聚合线线段polymesh 多边形网格聚合网面popup 弹出弹出Popup List 弹出列表弹出列示port 端口埠Portrait 肖像直式Portrait 纵向，if used for paper layout 直式positional tolerances 位置公差位置公差precision 精度精确度predefine 预定义事先定义的preferences 系统配置环境设定Preferences dialog box 系统配置对话框「环境设定」对话方块preview 打印预览预览primitive 原型基本原件Priority 优先级优先权priviledge 特权专用权Procedural material 过程化材质程序材质process 处理程序Profile 配置/剖面(图) 轮廓program (v.) 编程程式Projected tolerance zone 投影公差带投影公差区Projected tolerances 投影公差投影公差prompt 提示提示Properties 特性内容Property painter 特性刷性质复制器Protocal 协议通讯协定prototype 原型原型proxy 代理代理proxy fonts 代理字体代理字型pull down menu 下拉菜单下拉功能表purge 清理清除pyramid 棱锥面三角锥体QDIM 快速标注快速标注qsave 快存快速存档qtext 快速文字快速文字Quadratic 二次二次quality 质量品质Quick Tour 快速指南快速导览radian 弧度弪度Radio Button 单选钮圆钮radius 半径半径raster file format 光栅文件格式网格档案格式Raster Image 光栅图像网格式影像raster image boundaries 光栅图像边界网格式影像边界ray 射线射线, 光线Ray Casting 射线法raytraced renderer 光线跟踪渲染光线追踪彩现raytraced shadows 光线跟踪阴影光线追踪阴影read 读取读取Realtime 实时即时模式recover 恢复修复recover 修复修复rectang 矩形矩形recursion 递归递回Redefine 重定义重新定义redo 重做重做redraw 重画重绘redrawall 全重画全部重绘reference 引用参考reference 参照参考reference angles 参考角参考角度reference point 参考点参考点refine 精度控制精细化reflection color 反射色反射色reflection mapping 反射贴图反射贴图refractive index 折射指数折射系数refresh 刷新更新regen 重生成重生regenall 全重生成全部重生regenauto 自动重生成自动重生regenerate 重生成重生regeneration 重生成重生region 面域面域registry 注册表登录reinit 重初始化重新起始设定reinstall 重新安装重新安装relative angles 相对角相对角度relative coordinates 相对坐标相对座标release 版本版本Reload 重载重新载入remove 删除移除rename 重命名更名rename 重命名更名render 渲染彩现renderer 渲染程序彩现程式Replace 替换取代replay 重放重播Requirement 需求需求reset 重置重设resizing 改变大小重新调整尺寸resolution 融入解析度resolution 分辨率解析度restore 恢复取回resume 恢复执行继续执行Retain 保留保留return button 回车键 Enter 键revert 复原恢复原状revolve 旋转回转revsurf 旋转曲面回转曲面ridge 棱脊线Right-Angle 直角直角rmat 材质彩现材质rollback 回卷溯回root point 原点根点rotate 旋转旋转rotate3d 三维旋转旋转 3ＤRotation 旋转旋转routine 例行程序常式Rows dialog box “行”对话框列对话方块rpref 渲染选项彩现环境设定rscript 重复执行重新执行脚本rubber-band line 拖引线伸缩线rulesurf 直纹曲面规则曲面Run Script 运行脚本执行脚本running object snap 执行对象捕捉常驻式「物件锁点」running override 整体替代整体取代runout 跳动偏转度sample 样例取样Saturation 饱和度饱和度save 保存储存Save back 存回回存saveas 另存为另存新档saveimg 保存图像储存影像scale 比例缩放，（缩放）比例 if used as noun 调整比例, 比例scale factor 比例因子比例系数Scaled to Fit 按图纸空间缩放调整比例到布满scan 扫描扫描Scatter 散布图散量scene 场景场景schema 模式纲要schema 模式纲要screen 屏幕萤幕script 脚本脚本script files 脚本文件脚本档。
dynamic geometry软件教程
dynamic geometry软件教程首先要创建模型，创建用于分析所用的三维模型有三种方法：1.在Croe、Solidworks等软件中进行三维建模，然后保存为stp或者x_t格式的文件，然后导入SCDM或者DM中。
2.将Croe4.0与Ansys18.2进行关联操作，这即可直接将Croe4.0创建的模型直接导入Ansys中。
3.直接在Ansys分析软件进行三维几何模型构建：在Geometry选项右键选择DM或SCDM方式一般常用的方法是在其他专业三维软件中创建好三维模型后，导入Ansys 中，不过无论哪一种方法，都需要在Ansys中进行几何处理，使其仿真精度更高。
下面我将基于Ansys自带DM绘图模块为大家介绍几何处理常用步骤1.二维图形草绘操作点击左边菜单栏的Sketching操作1.1. Draw页面Eg：使用circle命令1.2. Modify对绘制二维图形进行倒角，剪断，复制，移动等操作1.3. Dimensions提供测量，尺寸标注，为后续快捷修改提供途径1.4. Constraints为绘制的几何图形施加约束，使其可以变成操作者需要的位置1.5. Settings对栅格进行设置2.三维建模操作**1.Extrude:**拉伸操作**2.Revolve:**旋转操作**3.Sweep:**扫掠操作**4.Skin/Loft:**蒙皮/放样操作Eg：拉伸操作下方的details view栏里可以修改相关参数1）Geometry: 选择要拉伸的曲线2）Operation: Frozen:生成新体，Material:将新生成的模型与上一个模型合并，是同一个体。
3）Direction: 模型生成方向选项4）FD1，Depth: 设置拉伸深度3. 体的处理**1.Thin/Surface:**保留面操作**2.Blend:**倒圆角操作**3.chamfer:**倒角操作**4.Slice:**切片操作**5.Point:**生成点操作4.布尔运算**1.Unite:**相加运算：将两个的相交物体变成一个物体**2.Substract:**相减操作：去掉目标物体中与另一个物体的相交部分**3.Intersect:**相交操作：保留两个相交物体的公共部分**4.Imprint Faces:**相交面操作：生成两个物体相交的面ps：布尔运算中可以选择是否保留用于运算的对象体5.清理操作用于清理去除导入模型多余的点、线、空等操作，使模型更加利于后续处理。
英语三级翻译考试基础词汇表
Adobe Abolish Abortion Abound Absorb Abstract Abuse Academy Acceptance Access Accidental Accommodation Accompany Account Accuracy Accurate Accuse Accustomed AcquireAcquit Acquisition Adequate Administration Admirable Admission AdoptAdoreAdroit Advantageous Adventure Adversity Advisable Aesthetic Aesthetics Affection Affectionate Affirm Agelike AggrieveAkinAlbumAlien Alimentation Allude AllusionAloofAlternativeAltitudeAmateurAmbiguousAmbiguityAmbitionAmbivalenceAmbulanceAmbushAmiableAmissAmmunitionAmountAnarchismAncestorAnimateAnimosityAnonymousAnticipateAntipathyAntiqueApparentAppealAppeaseAppeasementAppendApplaudApplicationAppointAppointmentAppraiseAppreciateApprehendApproachAppropriateApproveApproximateArbitrateArchitectureArchiveArdourArithmeticArmisticeArrayArrestArroganeArrowArtificialAscertainAskewAspireAspirationAssaultAssembleAssertAssertionAssessmentAssociateAsylumAttorneyAtypicalAuctionAudienceAuditAutobiographyAvailableAvariceAvengeAvenueAverseAvertAwaitAwkwardnessBacteriaNalBankruptBarBarbarianBarbarismBargainBarometerBarrageBashfulBatteryBawdyBayBearingBeastBegetBehalfBeholdBelieverBelittlerBemuddleBemuseBemusementBenameBenedictionBeneficialBenevolenceBenevolentBenignBenumbedBepaintBequeathBeseechBesiegeBespeakBestowBestrideBetideBetrayBetrayalBetrayerBetrothedBettermentBettermostBewriteBiasedBiblicalBiochemistryBiologyBiosphereBirthmarkBlackoutBladeBleedBlendBlockBlockadeBloody Bloom blubBlur Boast Boisterous Bold Bond Bondage Boom Boon Bounce Bound Boundary Bounteous Bountiful Bounty Bouquet Bow Brace Brag Braggart Braid Brainchild Brainman Brain-trust Brainwash Brainwork Brainy Brand Breach Breed Brevity Brew Briefing Brilliance Brilliant Brittle Bubble BuoyBuy-back Cab Cable Calamity CampaignCanalCandidCandidateCanonCaptivateCaptureCardinalCargoCaricatureCarnalCarnivalCartoonCashCashierCasualCasualtyCautionCeaseCelerityCellCementCensorCensoriousCentrifugalCentripetalCeremonyCertificateCertificateCertifyChallengeChampionshipChanceChannelChantChaosCharacteristicChargeCharitableCharityChasteChillChoiceChokeChopChorusChronicleCivilianCivilizationCivilizeClaimClarifyClashClientClumsyCoachCoatCodeCombatCombinationCombineCommentaryCommerceCommercialCommitmentCommunicateCommunityComparativeCompareComparisonCompassCompelCompetitiveComplainComplaintComplexComplicatedCompositionCompoundCompoundComprehensionComprehensiveCompressConcealConcedeConcentrateConcessionConcreteCondemnCondenseConductConfessConfidenceConfidentConfineConfirmConflictCongressConnectionConnotationConquerConquestConscienceConsentConsequenceConsiderableConsiderateConsistConsistentConsoleConsolidateConsortConspicuousConstituteConstrainConstructConstructionConsultConsultancyConsultantConsummateConsumeContagiousContemptContemptibleContemptuousContendContingencyContinualContinuousContractContradictContradict Contradiction Contrary Contrast Contribute Contribution Convention Conventional Conversely Conversion Convert Convey Convict Conviction Convince Convincing Copious CordialCoreCorporal Correspondence Correspondent Corrupt Corruption CostlyCouncil CounselCount Countenance Counter Counteract Counterclockwise CrackCraftCraftyCrashCrawl Creature Credibility Credit Credulous CreedCreepCrew CriminalCriticalCriticismCrucialCrudeCrystalCubeCueCultCultivateCultivationCuriouslyCurrencyCurrentCurseCurveDairyDeadlyDeceaseDeceitDeceiveDecencyDecentDeceptiveDecorateDecreaseDecreeDedicateDefameDefaultDefectDefendDeferDefianceDefineDefiniteDegradeDelegateDelegationDeliberateDelineateDeludeDemeanDemocracyDemolishDemolishDemonstrateDemonstrationDepartDepartureDependentDeploreDeployDeportDepositDepressDepriveDeputyDerideDeriveDerogatoryDescendDeserveDesirableDestituteDestructionDetachDetectDetectionDetectiveDeterDeteriorateDeterminationDeviseDevoidDevoteDevourDexterityDiagnoseDictateDictionDietDifferDigestDignifyDigressDilateDirectDisadvantageDisappointDisapproveDiscernDischargeDiscipleDisciplineDisclaimDiscloseDiscontentDiscourageDiscourseDisguiseDisgustDismissDisorderDisorganizeDispatchDisperseDisplayDisposalDisposeDisputeDisregardDissentDissenterDissoluteDistillDistressDistributeDistrustDivisionDivorceDoctrineDocumentDomesticDominantDominateDonateDoubtfulDownloadDraftDragDrawDrawer Drift Drought Drum DrunkDryDual Dubious Dumbfound Dump Duplicate Dynamic Eager Earnest Economics Economy Effect Effective Efficiency Eject Elaborate Electrical Elementary Elevate Eliminate Elite Eloquence Elucidate Emancipate Embrace Embarrass Embroidery Emergency Emphasis Emphasize Empty Encourage Endure Energetic Enforce Engage Engineering Enhance Enrage EnrollEnsueEntertainEntertainmentEnthusiasmEntreatEntrustEnvyEpidemicEpidemicsEquipEquivalentErectEruditeEssenceEssentialEstimateEstrangeEvadeEvaluateEvidenceEvidentEvinceEvolutionEvokeEvolveExactExaggerateExaltExceedExcessExcessiveExchangeExclaimExcludeExclusiveExcursionExhaustExhibitExistenceExoticExpandExpansionExpelExpenseExpireExplicitExplodeExploitExploreExposeExposureExpressionExquisiteExtantExtensiveExterminateExtraordinaryFableFallacyFallibleFascinateFatalFatalismFeasibleFeastFeatFeatureFeebleFeedbackFellowshipFeminineFerventFetishFictionFictionFictitiousFiddleFidelityFierceFieryFilterFilthFinanceFinancialFiniteFisheryFiniteFisheryFitFlameFlankFlashFlatFlatterFlavorFlawFleeFleeceFlexibilityFlexibleFlickFlingFlirtFlitFloatFloatFlockFloodFlourishFlowFlowerFluFluentFluidFlushFlutterFluxFoamFoeFoilFoldFollowingFondFoolForbearForbidForcibleForecastForegroundForemostForerunnerForesee Foresight Foretell Forge Forgery Forgive Fork Format Formation Formidable Formula Forthcoming Fortify Fortitude Fortnight Fortune Foul Foundation Fountain Fractious Fracture Fragile Fragment Fragrance Frail Frame Framework Frank Fraud Freelance Freeze Frenzy Frequency Fret Frontier Frost Frown Fruitless Frustrate Fuel Fugitive Fulfill Fumble Fund FundamentalFuriousFuseFusionFussGalaxyGarageGarbageGasGashGasolineGaspGenderGenerateGeneratorGenesisGeniusGenreGenteelGentilityGentryGenuineGeometryGlamourGlassGlimpseGlintGlobeGloomGloomyGloriousGloryGospelGossipGownGrabGraceGracefulGradeGraftGrainGrantGraphGraphicGraspGratifyGratitudeGravityGravyGrazeGreaseGreedGreedyGreenhouseGreetGriefGrieveGrillGrindGripGrislyGroanGropeGrossGrotesqueGroundGrowlGrudgeGrudginglyGuaranteeGuardianGuerrillaGuidanceGuiltyGumGustoGutGymnasiumHabitationHaggardHailHammerHamperHandHandicapHandleHandyHaphazardHarassHarassmentHarborHardenHardyHarmonyHarnessHarshHasteHastyHatchHatredHaughtyHaulHauntHeadHeadingHeadquartersHeadstrongHeadwayHealHeapHearthHeatHeaveHeedHegiraHeightenHeirHeirshipHemHemisphereHereditaryHeredityHeritageHesitateHideousHierarchyHigh-handedHighlightHijackHikeHinderHingehintHitch Holder Hollow Home Homestead Honor Honorable Horizon Horn Horrible Horrid Horrify Horror Hospitality Hostage Hostile Hostility Hound Household HoverHowl HuddleHum Humane Humanity Humble Humid Humidity HuntHurtleHush Hygiene Hypocrisy Hysterical IceIdeal identical Identify Identity Ideology Ignorance Ignorant Illegible Illiterate ImaginaryImaginativeImbecileImitateImitationImmortalImmuneImmutableImpactImpairImpetusImpiousImplicitImploreImplyImpressImprisonImpromptuImproprietyImproviseImprudentImpugnImpulseInaccessibleInactionInactiveInactivityInadvertentInanimateInappropriateInaugurateIncidentIncidentallyIncipientInciseIncisiveInciteInclineInclusiveIncoherentIncomparableIncongruityIncongruousInconsistencyInconsolableIncorporateIncredibleIncredulityIndefatigableIndefiniteIndelibleIndependenceIndependentIndexIndicateIndicationIndignantIndignationIndignityIndispensableIndisposedIndisputableIndividualIndolentIndomitableInduceIndulgeIndustrializeIndustriousInevitableInexhaustibleInexorableInfallibleInfamousInfantInfantryInfectInfectionInfectiousInferInferenceInferiorInflationInflictInfluentialInfractionInfrastructureInfringeInfuriateInfuseIngeniousIngenuityIngenuousInhabitInhabitantInhaleInherentInheritInhibitIniquityInitialInitiateInitiativeInjectInjectionInlandInnateInnermostInnocentInnocuousInnovateInnovationInnovativeInnuendoInnumerableInordinateInputInquiryInscribeInscriptionInsidiousInsightInsinuateInsipidInsolentInsolvencyInsolventInsomniaInspirationInspireInstabilityInstallInstallation Installment Instantaneous Instigate Instill Instinct Institute Institution Instruct Instruction Insult Insuperable Insurance Insure Insurgent Insurrection Intact Intake Intangible Integral Intellect Intellectual Intelligence Intelligent Intelligible Intend Intense Intensify Intensity Intensive Intent Intention Intentional Interact Interaction Intercede Intercept Intercession Intercourse Interface Interfere Interference Interim Interior InterjectionInterlopeInterloperIntermediateInterminableIntermittentInterplayInterpretationInterrogateIntersectIntersectionIntimacyIntimateIntimidateIntolerableIntoxicateIntricateIntrigueIntrospectionIntrudeIntuitionInundateInurbaneInureInvadeInvalidInvaluableInvariablyInvasionInventoryInverseInvertInvestInvestigateInveterateInvocationInvokeInvoluntaryInvoluntaryIrrationalIrreconcilableIrregularIrrelevantIrreparableIrrespectiveIslamicIsleIsolateIssueIterateItinerantJailJarJargonJealousJetJointJokeJoltJudicialJumboJungleJunkJusticeJustificationJustifyJuvenileKeenKernelKeyKidKinKindredKnotKnowledgeableLaborLaboriousLagLameLamentLandscapeLaneLapseLashLatentLateralLatitudeLaunchLaundryLavatoryLavishLawnLaymanLayoutLeadLeadingLeafLeanLeapLearnedLeaseLeatherLeaveLectureLedgeLegacyLegislateLegislationLegislatureLegitimateLeisureLensLestLevelLeverLeverageLevityLevyLiabilityLiableLiberalLiberateLibertyLibrarianLicenseLickLiftLikelihoodLikewiseLilyLimbLimitLimousine Limp Linear Linguistic Liquid LiquorList Literacy Literal Literally Literary Literate Litter Living LoadLoaf Loathe Lobby Locality Locate Lock Lodge LoftyLog Longevity Longitude LoomLoop Loosen LootLorry Lotion Lottery Loudspeaker Lounge Lucrative Ludicrous Lull Lumber Luminous Lump LungeLure Luscious LustLusterLuxuryLyricMagicMagneticMagnificentMagnifyMagnitudeMaidMaidenMaintainMaintenanceMajestyMaledictionMalefactorMalevolentMaliceMalignMalignantMalnutritionMandateMandatoryManeuverMangleManiacManifestManipulateMansionMantleManualManufactureManureManuscriptMapMapleMarMarbleMarginMarginalMarijuanaMarineMaritalMarkMarketMarvelMarvelousMasculineMashMaskMassMassacreMassageMassiveMastMasterMasterpieceMateMaterialMaternalMathematicalMatrimonyMatronMattressMatureMaudlinMaulMaximMaximumMazeMeadowMeanMeansMeasurementMechanicMechanicalMechanismMeddleMediateMedievalMediocreMediumMelancholyMelodyMemoirMemorandumMemorialMenaceMenaceMendMendaciousMendicantMentalityMercenaryMerchandiseMergeMergerMeritMessMessengerMetabolismMetamorphosisMetaphorMeteMeteorMeteoriteMeterMethodicalMeticulousMetricMetroMetropolitanMicrobeMicrobiologyMicroorganismMicrophoneMicroscopeMicroscopicMidnightMightMigrantMigrateMigratoryMildMileageMilitantMilitaryMillMineMineralMingleMiniatureMinimal Minimize Minimum Minister Minority Minuscule Minute Miracle Miraculous Mirage MirrorMirth Misapply Miscellaneous Mischief Mischievous Misdeed Miser Miserable Misfortune Misgiving Mishap Mislead Missile Mission Missionary Mist Mitigate Mixture Moan Mobilize Mock Modest Modify Modulate Module Moist Moisten Moisture MoldMole Molecule Momentous Momentum MonarchMonarchyMonasteryMonetaryMonitorMonkMonologueMonopolyMonotonousMonotonyMonsterMonstrousMonumentMonumentalMopMoralMoraleMoralityMorassMorbidMordantMoribundMoroseMortalMosquitoMotionMotivateMotiveMottoMoundMountMournMoustacheMowMuddyMuffleMugMuleMultipleMultiflorousMultiplicationMultiplyMultitudeMultivocalMumbleMunicipalMunificentMunitionMurmurMuscularMusterMuteMutterMuttonMuzzleMyriadMysteriousMysticMysticismMythologyNaïveNarrativeNarrowNecessitateNecessityNeglectNetworkNewscasterNightmareNonethelessNonsenseNormNormalNostalgicNotableNotationNoticeableNotifyNotoriousNotwithstandingNourishNovelNoveltyNoviceNumbNumberNumericalNumerousNurseNutritionOathObedientObjectObjectionObjectiveObligationObligeOblivionObliviousObloquyObsceneObservantObservationObservatoryObserveObserverObsessObtainObviousOccasionOccasionalOccidentalOccupationOccupyOccurOccurrenceOffendOffenseOffensiveOfferOilOmitOmnipotentOmniscientOnerousOnionOpeningOperateOperationOperationalOperatorOpponentOppose Opposite Oppress Opt Optical Optimism Optimistic Optimum Option Optional Opulence Orchestra Ordeal Orderly Ordinance Ordnance OreOrgan Organic Organism Organize Orient Oriental Orientation Origin Original Originate Ornament Ornate Ostensible Ostentatious Oust Outbreak Outburst Outcry Outer Outline Outlook Output Outrage Outright Outset Outskirts Outspread 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Peruse Pervade Perverse Pessimistic PestPetPetal Petition Pharmacy Phase Phenomenon Philanthropy Philology Philosophy Phoenix Phonogram Phrase Physician Physician Pick Picturesque PiercePietyPillarPilotPin Pinpoint Pioneer PiousPipePirate Placate Place Plague Plain Plaintiff Plane Planet Plantation Plaster Plastic PlatePlatformPlatitudePlausiblePleaPleadPledgePlentifulPlightPlotPlowPlugPlumPlumberPlumePlungePluralPlusPlyPneumoniaPocketPoisePoisonPoisonousPolePollutePopePopulationPortablePorterPortionPortraitPortrayPosePositivePossessionPosePosterPostponePostscriptPosturePotentialPoultryPoundPrayPrayerPreachPrecautionPrecedePrecedentPrecedingPreceptPreciousPrecisePrecisionPrecludePreferablePreferencePregnancyPregnantPrejudicePreliminaryPrematurePremierPrescribePrescriptionPresencePresentPresentationPresentlyPreservePresidePresidentPressPressurePrestigePresumablyPresumePretentiousPretextPrevailPrevalentPreviewPriestPrimarilyPrimaryPrimePrimitivePrincipalPrinciplePrivacyPrivatePrivilegePrizeProcedureProceedProceedingsProcessProcessionProclaimProdigyProduceProductiveProductivityProfessProfessionProfessionalProfferProficiencyProficientProfileProfitProfitableProfoundProfuseProfusionProgramProgressiveProhibitProjectPromisePromisingPromptProneProofProphecyProphetProposalProposePropositionPropoundProspectProspective Prospector Prospectus Prosper Prosperity Prosperous Protein Protest Proverbial Provided Provision Provisional Proviso Provocative Provoke Prowess Prudent Prune Psychology Publicity Pure Purge Purify Purity Purport Purpose Pursue Pursuit Puzzle Qualification Qualify Quantify Quantitative Quarantine Quarter Quarterly Quartz Quay Queer Quench Query Quest QueueQuit QuiverQuotationQuoteRaceRacialRacismRadarRadiantRadiateRadiationRadicalRagRageRaggedRaidRailRakeRandomRangeRankRapeRaptRaptureRareRateRationalRationalizeRawReactReactionRadilyReadingRealisticRealizeRealmReapReasonableReassureRebelRebellionRebukeRecallReceiptReceptionReceptiveRecessRecessionReciteRecklessReckonReclaimRecognitionRecognizeRecommendRecommendationReconcileReconciliationRecreationRecruitRectangleRectangularRecycleRedeemReduceReductionReferRefereeReferenceRefineReflectReflectionRefreshRefreshmentRefrigeratorRefundRefusalRefuseRefuteRegardRegardingRegardlessRegimeRegisterRegulateRegulationReignRejectRejoiceRelateRelativityReleaseRelegateRelentlessRelevantReliableRelianceRelicsReliefReluctantRemainRemainderRemarkRemarkableRemedyRemindRemoteRemovalRenaissanceRenewRepealReplaceReplacementRepleteReplicaReplicateRepresentRepresentativeRepressRepressionRepublicanRepudiateRepugnanceRepugnantRepulseReputationReputeRequirementResemblanceResembleResentReservationReserveReservoir Resign Resist Resistance Resistant Resolute Resolution Resolve Resonance Resonance Resonant Resort Resource Resourceful Respective Responsibility Responsible Restitute Restless Restore Retain Retaliate Retard Retarded Retire Retreat Reveal Revelation Revenge Revenue Reverberate Reviewer Revise Revision Revival Revive Revolve Rhetoric Rhyme Rhythm RiddleRigidRigor Rigorous RimRingRippleRiteRitualRivalRivalryRoastRobeRocketRollRollerRootRotateRottenRoughRoundaboutRoutineRowRoyalRoyaltyRubRudimentaryRudimentsRueRumbleRumorRunwayRuptureRustRuthlessSackSacredSacrificeSafeguardSageSaintSakeSalonSaloonSaluteSalvageSalvationSalverSampleSanctifySanctionSandSandalSandwichSaneSanitarySanitationSarcasmSarcasticSatiateSatireSausageSavageSaveSavingSavorSawScaleScamperScanScandalScantScarScarceScareScarfScatterSceneSceneryScentScheduleSchemeSchismScoffScoldScoreScornScourScourgeScoutScowlScrambleScrapeScratchScreamScrewScribbleScriptScriptureScrutinySculptureScuttleScytheSealSeamSeasonSecedeSecludeSeclusionSecondSecondarySecretionSectSectionSectorSecureSecuritySedateSedimentSeduceSedulousSeedSeekSeeminglySelectSelectionSemblanceSenateSeniorSensationSenseSensibleSensitiveSensorySensuousSentimentSentinel Sentry Sequel Sequence Series Sermon Setback Setting Settle Settlement Sew Shabby Shack Shade Shadow Shaft Shaggy Shallow Shame Shampoo Share Shark Shatter Shave Shear Shed Sheep Sheer Shell Shelter Shield Shimmer Shine Shoot Shortage Shortcoming Shorthand ShotShow Shower Shred Shrewd Shrimp Shrine ShrinkShudderShuffleShunShutterShuttleShySignalSignificanceSignificantSignifySilenceSimmerSimplicitySimplifySimulateSimultaneousSinSingeSingleSingularSinisterSinkSirenSiteSizeSkateSkeletonSkepticalSketchSkiSkillfulSkimSkinSkipSkirtSkullSkylarkSkyrocketSkyscraperSlamSlantSlapSlashSlaveSlaySleetSlenderSliceSlickSlideSlightSlimSlingSlipSlipperySlitSlopeSlotSlumSlySmartSmiteSmolderSmoothSmotherSmuggleSnackSnakeSnapSnareSnatchSneakSneerSnobSnoreSnugSoakSoberSo-calledSociableSociologySockSocketSodSoftSoilSojournSolaceSolarSoleSolemnSolicitSolicitorSolidSolidaritySolitarySolitudeSoloSolubleSolutionSolventSonicSootSootheSopSophisticatedSoporificSordidSoreSorrowSortSoundSourSouvenirSovereignSowSpaceSpaciousSpadeSpanSpankSpareSparkSparkleSparseSpatialSpawnSpecialtySpeciesSpecificSpecificationSpecify Specimen Specious Spectacle Spectacular Specter Spectrum Speculate Speed Spell Sphere Spice SpiderSpillSpin Spinach Spine SpiralSpitSpite Splash Splendor SplitSpoil Sponge Sponsor Spontaneous Spoon Sporadic Spouse Spout Sprawl Spray Spread Spring Sprinkle Sprout SpurSpurtSpySquad Squadron Square Squash SquatSqueakSqueakSqueezeStabilizeStableStackStadiumStaffStageStaggerStagnantStainStakeStaleStalkStammerStampStandardizeStandpointStapleStarchStartleStarveStatelyStaticStationaryStationeryStatisticStatueStatureStatusStatuteStatutoryStaunchSteadfastSteadySteakStealthySteamSteamerSteepSteerStemStenographyStepfatherStepmotherStereotypeSterlingSternStewStewardStickStickyStiffStimulateStimulusStingStinkStirStockStoicStomachStorageStoutStraddleStraggleStraightforwardStrainStraggleStrapStrawStrawberryStrayStreamStreamlineStressStretchStrictionStrideStridentStrifeStrikeStrikingStringStringentStripStripeStriveStrokeStrollStructureStrutStubbornStuffStumbleStumpStunSturdyStylestylishSaveSubdueSubjectSubjectiveSubmitSubordinateSubpoenaSubscribeSubsequentSubservientSubsideSubsidiarySubsidizeSubsidySubsistSubsonicSubstanceSubstantialSubstituteSubterraneanSubtleSubtletySubtractSubwaySubversiveSubvertSucceedSuccessionSuccessiveSuccessorSuckSue Suffice Sufficient Suffrage Suffuse SuicideSuitSuite SultrySum Summarize Summary Summit Sumptuous Sunder Sundry Sunny Superior Superiority Supernal Supersede Supersonic Superstition Supervise Suppose Suppress Supreme Surface Surge Surgeon Surgery Surmount Surmise Surmount Surpass Surplus Surrender Surreptitious Survey Survival Susceptible Suspect Suspend Suspense SuspensionSuspicionsuspiciousSustainSustenanceSwaggerSwallowSwarmSwearSweatSweepSwellSwerveSwingSwitchSymbolizeSymmetrySympatheticSympathizeSympathySymphonySymposiumSymptomSynchronizeSynthesisTableTableTabooTackTackleTactTacticTagTailTailorTameTamperTanTankTankerTantamountTapTapeTaperTarTardyTargetTariffTartTavernTaxTeaseTechnicalityTechnicianTediousTeemTelescopeTeleviseTemperTemperamentTemperateTempestTempoTemporaryTemptTemptationTenaciousTenantTendTendencyTenderTenseTensionTentativeTenuousTermTerminateTerrainTerrestrialTerrifyTerritoryTerrorTestifyTestimonyTextureThatchThawTheaterTheftTherapyThermalThermometerThighThirstThirstyThornThoughtfulThrallThrashThreadThreatThreatenThresholdThriftThriftyThriveThriveThrobThroneThrongThrustThumbThumpThwartTickTideTidingsTidyTieTierTileTiltTimberTimidTimorousTingeTinkleTipTireTissueTitleTitular。
houdini菜单.翻译
菜单打开档案File新建New, 打开储存的档案Open , 打开最近的档案Open Recent Files储存Save, 储存为选择的格式Save As ,合并Merge新操作模式New Operation Type, 安装数字图书馆Install Digital Asset Library, , 刷新既有数字图书馆Refresh Asset Libraies,进口Import, 出口Export , 运行特别程序Run Script, 离开Quit Application,求助Help开始Start Here ,胡迪尼公司帮助Houdini Help,范例档案Example Files, Sidefx网站的帮助 , 在线图例Online Tutorial胡迪尼论坛Houdini Forum, 胡迪尼交流Houdini Exchange,快速在线支持Online Support Update, 胡迪尼公司介绍About Houdini进口Import 几何Geometry, 图像Image, 3D的dae格式文件Collada,音效轨迹Soundtrack出口Export 扭力游戏机Torque Game Engine, 新的出口节点New Export Node编辑Edit回复消除的节点Undo Delete Selected Nodes, 不能回复Can’t redo, 回复的历史Undo History, 裁切Cut, copy 拷贝, 黏贴Paste,热键Hotkeys,颜色设定Color Setting,指令与变量Aliases and Variables, 合成设定Composition Settings, 设关键祯Set Keyframe ,对象Objects , 参数互动Update Parameters Interactively , 工具技巧Tooltip Help,开始即打开帮助页面Open Help Browser at Startup, 自动添加参数Automatically Add parameter to Current Take, 自动储存, 参数偏好设定Preference, 一般界面General User Interface, 网状编辑Network Editor, 节点与树状编辑Nodes and Tree 3D Viewports, 作成品选择::: 动画Animation 结构矩阵Handle, 对象与几何模型Objects and Geometry , 粒子Particles, 动作与声音Motion and Audio , 合成Compositing, 其它程序Scirpting, 桌面与工具条Desktop and Toolbars, 储存选项Save Options,其它Miscellaneous熟悉的档案选项Hip File Options, 警告对话Warning Dialogs对象被选择时点亮表示Always Highlight Object Selection in Viewer 骨头运动覆盖Bone Kinematic Overide, None没有, Capture Pose与姿态互连, 当父母关系时保持位置Keep Position when Parents, 从不Never, 经常Always, Use Object Flag使用对象旗帜,宣染Render 创造宣染节点Create Render Node 编辑宣染节点Edit Render Node, 开始宣染Start Render,排程Scheduler, 目前的材质Update Texture, 在那宣染节点曼陀罗Mantra ,RenderMan, Alfred, 或其它软件Other Output Nodes桌面Desktop 新浮动面板New Floating Panel,通道编辑channel Editor, Hscript的程序语言 Hscript Textport,Python程序语言Python Shell,Python来源编辑Python Source Editor,笔刷表列Bundle List, Take List Take表列, 参数空白表Parameter Spreadsheet,树状观看Tree View, 操作模式管理Operation Type Manager,图像管理Gallery Manager,保留的Handle编辑Persistent Handle Editor,材料图层Material Palette,编码观看Code Viewer,屏幕显示Performance Monitor,声音面板Audio Panel,Catch管理 Catch Manager,Shell动画Animate,建构Build,Image图像,观察发展Look Development,模型Model,输出Output,姿态Posing,技术Technical,Textport,新桌面New Desktop,储存目前桌面Save Current Desktop,以指定格示储存桌面Save Current Desktop As,储存所有桌面Save All Desktop,重做桌面Reload Desktop,桌面管理Desktop Manager,工具几何Geometry,摄影机Cameras,灯光Lights,骨头Bones,隐藏式目标(一般用在动画)Null,混合Blends, 其它对象模式All Other Object Types,赋予或消除所有对象Enable/DisableAll object Types,选择所有数字资产Select Entire Digital Asset,选择子女对象Select Child Objects,选择父母对象Select Parent Objects,选择所有对象配合屏蔽Select All Objects Matching Mask,以Hover显示名字(通常是颜色)Show Name on Hover点Point,边缘Ediges,原始状态Primitives,顶点Vertices ,突破点Breakpoints, 以点做群组Point Groups,以原始状态群组Primitive Groups选择关连的几何Select Connected Geometry,选择整个几何Select Whole Geometry,选择前面Select Front Facing Only,选择后面Select Back Facing Only 关连Connectivity,显示操作Show Display Operator,显示目前操作Show Current Operator,检示窗格ViewPort,3D,UV(原始是解释为紫外线)粒子Particles,选择相连粒子Select Connected Particles,粒子节点Particle Nodes,产生器(经由粒子) Generator via particle, 改质(经由指导) Modifier via guide动态对象Dynamic Object ,多个动态对象Dynamic Objects,动态对象改质Dynamic mmodifiers,动态对象点Dynamic Object points箱型捕捉Box Picking,套索捕捉Lasso Picking,笔刷捕捉Brush Picking,加入选择Add to Selection,连结选择Toggle Selection,移除选择Remove from Selection, 置换选择Replace Selection, 保护选择Secure Selection, 在目前工具中再选择Reselect For Current Tool,应用到…Apply to…,样板Templates,其它对象Other Objects, 性质Properties, 获取深度Depth Snapping,获取方向Orient on Snap, 获取方格选项Grid Snapping Options…获取原始选项…Primitive Snapping Options…获取点的选项…Point Snapping OPtions获取多重选项…Mul-Snapping Options…宣染检窗口口Render flipbook of viewport, 使用的记忆容量Memory useage,出口output,翻页书Flipbook,Effects效果,体积Size,祯范围Frame Range,output出口,可见的对象Visible Objects,在目前翻页书上附加的祯Append Frame to Current Flipbook,仅显示关键祯 Scope Channel Key Frame Only,开始模拟操作Initialize Simulation OPS声音文件名Audio Filename,声音补偿Audo Offset,背景图像Background Images声音的Gamma 颜色的LUT抗锯齿Antialias, 模糊Motion Blur, 场景深度Depth of Field, 质量Quality,焦距长度Focus Length, 光圈Aperture, F 停止 F Stop, 接受Accept,删除Cancel,扩大zoom,分辨率Resolution, 除掉重迭的屏蔽Crop Out Mask Overlay,接受Accept,删除Cancel网状周界箱Wireframe Bounding Box,阴影周界箱Shaded Bounding Box,网状图Wireframe,隐藏可见线条Hidden Line Invisible,隐藏线条鬼影Hidden Line Ghost,单调阴影Flat Shaded,单调网状阴影Flat Wire Shaded,平滑阴影Smooth Shaded, 平滑网状阴影Smooth Wire Shaded显示所有对象Show All Objects,其它对象以鬼影处理Ghost Other Objects,隐藏其它对象 Hide Other Objects图像img,单元格窗口Single view,四格窗口Four view,堆栈二格Two Views Stacked,横向二格排列Two Views Side by Side底部三格分列Three Views Splite Bottom, 左边三格分列Three Views Splite Left 底部四格分列Three Views Splite Bottom, 左边四格分列Three Views Splite Left工具选择Tool Options,以对象的等级创造Create at Object Level, 以脉络创造Create in Context,保持原本对象Keep Original Objects显示的选择:世界空间 Display Options:world,指标Guide & Marker,窗口viewport,方格Grid,背景Background,最佳化optimization ,粒子Particles,其它 Misc,设定显示的选择Set display options for,正常几何 Normal Geometry,点points,指针Markers, 数字Numbers,正常Normals,UV坐标 UV coords, XYZ坐标 XYZ cords, 原型Primitives,外壳Hull,数字Numbers,突破点Breakpoints,正常Normals, 分布曲线Profile curve, 分布曲线数字Profile curve numbers立方体顶点 Vertices,数字Numbers, UV坐标 UV cords,着力点Grips,填充UV背面Filled UV backfaces平滑阴影Smooth Shaded正常几何Normal Geometry, 选择的几何Selected Geometry,模板的几何Templated Geometry, 目前的几何Current Geometry选择目前的几何Selected Current Geometry窗口viewport,显示名字Show Name,显示摄影机名字Show Cammer Name,显示状态数据Show State Status,细部等级Level of Detail,概念率Aspect Ratio,屏蔽不透明度View Mask Opacity,立体显示模式Stereo Display Mode应用操作模式到其它分裂的窗口 Apply Operation To All Split Views储存为预设Save As Default摄影机观景perspective,顶面看Top,前面看Front,右面看Right,UV,底面看Bottom,后面看Back,左面看Left邻位窗口Ortho Viewport,材质窗口Texture Viewport,显示邻位格Display Ortho Grid显示参考方格Display Reference Grid在图像上显示方格Display Grid Over Image,方格钳入图像Clamp Grid To Image 显示砖形排列周界Display Tile Boundaries图像来源Image Source,3D窗口 3D Viewport,材质窗口Texture Viewport 色调Color scheme,档案File,质量Quality材质图Texturemapped,放大应用Apply Zoom To Background,自动放至图像位置Automatically Place ImageMinimum最小U/V,Maximum最大 U/V最佳化Optimization,排除Culling,移除背面Remove Backfaces,仅显示外壳Display Hulls Only,可见对象Visible Objects, 显示几何型态Display geometry of type,从原型中每多少排除多少个画像 Cull by drawing primitives out of every 自动调整平面的远近 Automatically Adjust Near/Far Planes when Homing效果Effect,阴影敏感度Shadow Sensitivity网状图Wireframe,网宽Wire Width,隐藏线的敏感度Hidden Line Sensitivity,使用Z-Buffer控制场景深度 Use Z Buffer In Wireframe Mode阴影敏感度 Shadow Sensitivity互动模式interactive mode点 Points,线 Lines,人形sprite其它Misc,显示材质Display Texture,多重材质Multi Texture,提案材质Projected Texture,强调反射 Specular Highlight,透明Transparency,自动侦测特质型态Auto Detect Attribute Type,比例调整大小Scale Normal.厚度选择 Thick Selected Normals,使颜色特质无效Override Color Attribute,特质图Attribute Map,预设Default,虚假梯度false-ramp, 粉红梯度pink-ramp.mono 单独 , blackbody黑体全域动画选择Global Animation Options,Animation动画,FPS每秒祯数,开始Start,结束End,应用Apply,中断的关键祯Snap Keys,限制播放从头到尾Restrict Playback range to Start and End Frames,显示范围滑轨Show Range Slider,显示网状Show Ticks,显示声音Show Audio,显示关键祯Show Keys,播放Playback,整体祯integer Frame Values,步调Step关掉Off,清除Scrub,实时Realtime,试验Test环绕Loop,播放一次Play Once,蛇行zig zag自动Auto Update,依鼠标On Mouse Up,手动Manual,画廊的雕像Icon In Gallery,小Small,大Large,显示画廊图文件Show Gallery Files,显示画廊类别Show gallery Categories,创造画廊支持图档Create Gallery Backup Files曼陀螺Mantra(一种宣染模式 ) Renderman(一种宣染模式 ) Mentalray(一种宣染模式 )所有分类图像All Gallery,建筑材料Building Material,砖Bricking,水泥Concrete,筛选Screening,灰泥Stucco,木头Wooden,布Cloth,粗麻Burlap,棉布Gingham,缎子Satin,毛线Sweater普通General,基本置换Basic Displacement,基本表面Basic Surface,黏土Clay,连续一致Constant,印花decal,环境箱Environment Box,光环Glow,干扰置换Noise Displacement.吻合occlusion, 吻合置换occlusion Displacement,塑料Plastic,反射Reflective. 反射置换Reflective Displacement ,阴影平光Shodow Matte,正常显示Show Normal,显示阴影点Show Shading Point,显示切线Show Tangent,显示UV,透明translucent玻璃Glass,凸面玻璃Bumpy Glass,雾状玻璃Frosted Glass,冰块Ice Cube金属Metal,老化金属Aged Metal,铝Aluminum,用坏的金属Beatup Metal,青铜Brass,铁刷Brushed steel,铬chrome,红铜copper,金Gold,生锈的金属Rusted Metal,银Silver有机物Organic,角膜Cornea,蛋壳Egg Shell,眼球Eye Ball,火焰Flames,草Grass,头发Hair,树叶Leaf,枫叶Maple Leaf,红康乃馨Red carnation,海浪Sea Form,牛奶skim milk,皮肤Skin,Skin SSS,特定的头发Textured hair,腊Wax,工具菜单Tool Menu,增加Add,表列节点View Nodes As a List,观看控制点View Controls,布置控制点Layout Controls,裁剪Cut,拷背Copy,粘贴Paste,消除Delete,重命名Rename,崩溃Collapse,选择所有Select All,连接节点Node Connections,导航navigate,寻找节点Find Node, 通道范围Scope Channel,消除通道Delete Channels,运行Script档案Run Script ,显示网络编辑工具条Show Network Edit Toolbar,使用drop on wire搜寻obj文件 Search obj for,任何型式of any type,敏感事件Case Sensitive前一个Previous,下一个Next,选择配合的Select Matches,关闭Close网络编辑显示选项Network Editor Display Options 网络观察Network Views,显示Display显示操作者名字Show Operator Names显示网络综观Display Network Overview,显示颜色图层Display Color Palette ,连接型式Link Style,角度Right Angles,直线Straight,圆形Rounged网络观察Network View表列观察List View 方格与中断Grid and Snapping,方格显示Grid Display,没有None线Lines,点Points,中断到方格Snap to Grid.方格空间Grid Spacing,方格中断重力Grid to Grativity,中断到相关位置Snap to Related Tiles,水平中断重力Horizontal Snap Gravity,垂直中断重力Vertical Snapping Gravity,背景Background,显示背景图像Display Background Imagem,拖拉与放大背景Pan and Zoom Background,背景图像Background Image,质量Quality附属dependency,显示地区付属连结Show Local Dependency Links,显示在子网络下有影响的内容Show Influence On Subnet Contents,显示在子网络下附属内容Show Dependency On Subnet Contents,显示参考在外部节点Show Reference to External Nodes, 从外部节点显示参考Show Reference From External Nodes,显示骨头与IK Affectors间的连接Show Link Between Bones and IK Affectors,显示选择的节点连接与周围光环表列List View,可见直列Visible Columns,Obj檔,有效直列Available Columns,展示Expose,显示Display,X光 X-Ray,选择Select,原点Origin,捕捉Capture,骨头Bone,消除指令Delete Script,评论Comment,输入Input.表列次序List Order,使用者定义User Defined,字母alphabetital,操作型式Operator Type,输入/输入Inout/Output,网络盒子Network Box,显示操作者Show implicit Opertor,显示过滤按钮Show Filter Button,显示直列Show Columns可见直列选项Visible Columns表面操作SOP(Surface Operator),粒子操作POP(Particle Operator)信道操作CHOP(Channel Operator),阴影操作SHOP(Shader Operator),合成操作COP(Compostion Operation),VOP提供与VEX语言互动界面,动态结构DOP(Dynamic Architecture)宣染操作ROP(Render Operator)普通Common,显示操作参数Show Opera,显示群组表Show Group List,显示操树Show Operator Tree,点亮名字Name Highlights,批注Comments,没有None,批注Comments,修改参数modified Parameters,动画参数Animated Parameter,排除参数Overridden Parameters,子网页Sub-Networks参数Parameter,场景观Scene View,粒子观Particle View,网络观Network View,参数Parameter,树状观Tree View,取表Take List,文字窗口Textport, Python语言Python Shell,信道编辑Channel Editor,信道表列Channel List,动作观Motion View,宣染排程Render Scheduler,合成观Composition View,材料图层Material Paltte,阴影观Shade View,宣染观Render View,光线连结Light Linker,笔刷表Bundle List,细部观Detail View,手把表列Handle List,参数空白表Parameter Spreadsheet,脉络观ContextView,设定钳板钮Set Pane Tab Type,前面钳板按钮Previous PaneTab,下一个钳板按钮Next Pane Tab,触动鼠标即显示钳板的按钮Tear off Pane Tab,拷贝钳板的按钮Tear off Pane Tab Copy,关闭钳板的按钮Close Pane Tab,cjo6回复关闭的按钮Un,do Close Tab,最大化钳板Maximize Pane,关闭所有钳板按钮Close Pane(All TAb),分裂钳板左/右Split Pane Left/Right, 分裂钳板上/下Split Pane Top/Bottom,钳板界面Pane Interface,显示区右键菜单动画Animation,特性Character,创造与精致化Create and Refine,光线与对象Lights and Objects,光线摄影机动作 Lights. Camera. Acton,技术指导Technical Director,新工具架设定New Shelf Set,编辑工具架Edit Shelf Set, 储存工具架Save Shelf As,工具架组合Shelf Sets,移动工具架Remove Shelf Set,消除工具架Delete Shelf Set,以何种形式显示工具Display Tool As操作选择Operator Selected,小图标Small Icons,大图标Large Icons,文字Text, 小图标加文字Small Icons And Text,大图标加文字Big Icons And Text观看窗(空间重迭)VIEW(Space To Overlay)所有在家的Home All,在家的选择项Home Selected,在家的c-Plane,所有祯Frame All,所有选择的祯Frame Selected,所有c-Plane的祯打开垂直或透视图Toggle ortho/perspect,打开观察上下文Toggle view context,打开地区观察上下文Toggle local view context,选择窗口口Selected viewport,透视窗口Perspective viewport,顶面窗口Top viewport,前面窗口Front viewport,右面窗口Right viewport,UV窗口UV viewport,底面窗口Bottom viewport,后面窗口Back viewport,左面窗口Left viewport,打开单元格/四格Toggle Single/quad,结点区右键菜单加入档案操作Add File Operator,加入包裹Add Bundle,加入群组Add Group,加入网络Add Network,加入选择的盒型网络Add Network Box From Selected,加入粘着批注Add Sticky Note,工具菜单Tool Menu,加入Add,表列结点View Nodes as a List,观察控制点Viewing Controls,布置控制点Layout Controls,裁剪Cut,拷贝Copy,粘贴Paste,消除Delete,重命名Rename,毁坏Collapse,选择所有Select All,结点连接Node Connrction,导航Navigate,发现结点Find Node,范围信道Scope Channel,消除信道Delete Channel,运作Script Run Script, 显示网络编辑工具条Show Network Editor Toolbar,使落在网上Enable Drop-on-Wire.所有在家的Home All,在家的选择项Home Selected,所有祯Frame All,所有选择的祯Frame Selected,原先拉近或远的程度Previous Zoom Level,暴露所有的Expose All,隐藏选择的Hide Selected,显示操作树Show Operator Tree,显示参数Show Parameters,显示群组Show Groups,显示选项Display Options布置所有Layout All,布置选择的Layout Selected,所有都格状排列Align All To Grid, 选择的格状排列Align Selected To Grid结点连接Node Connections,绕过选择的结点Bypass Selected Nodes, 在选择的结点重设进入点Recorder Inputs on Selected Nodes,解除选择结点的进入点Disconnect Selected Node Inputs,解除选择结点的进入点与出口点Disconnect Selected Node Inputs and Outputs,导航Navigate,跳至柜形窗口Jump To Container Level,潜入柜形网络Dive into Container network,选择第一个进入的结点Select First Input Node, 选择第一个出去的结点Select First output Node,选择左边血统结点 Select First Sibling Node, 选择右边血统结点 Select Right Sibling Node树结构右键菜单观察附属View Dependence,编辑批注Edit Comment,编辑网络Edit Network,编辑参数界面Edit Parameter Interface,排列垂直边缘Edit Vertical Edges,排列水平边缘Align Horizontal Edges,分配选择的水平Distribute Selected Horizontally, 分配选择的垂直Distribute Selected Vertically,帮助Help,性质形式Type Properties,毁坏Collapse, 毁坏所有Collapse All, 追朔分类Sort Ascending, 追朔不分类Sort Deascending, 不分类Sort None输出Out,观察附属View Dependence,编辑批注Edit Comment,编辑网络Edit Network,编辑参数界面Edit Parameter Interface,排列垂直边缘Edit Vertical Edges,排列水平边缘Align Horizontal Edges,分配选择的水平Distribute Selected Horizontally, 分配选择的垂直Distribute Selected Vertically,储存至画廊Save To Gallery帮助Help,操作模式管理Operator Type Manger, 性质模式Type Properties,观察附属View Dependence,编辑批注Edit Comment,编辑网络Edit Network,编辑参数界面Edit Parameter Interface,排列垂直边缘Edit Vertical Edges,排列水平边缘Align Horizontal Edges,分配选择的水平Distribute Selected Horizontally, 分配选择的垂直Distribute Selected Vertically,储存至画廊Save To Gallery帮助Help,操作模式管理Operator Type Manger, 性质模式Type Properties,扩散Expand,毁坏所有Colapse All,扩散所有Expand All,追朔分类Sort Ascending, 追朔不分类Sort Deascending, 不分类Sort None观察附属View Dependence,编辑批注Edit Comment,编辑网络Edit Network,编辑参数界面Edit Parameter Interface,排列垂直边缘Edit Vertical Edges,排列水平边缘Align Horizontal Edges,分配选择的水平Distribute Selected Horizontally, 分配选择的垂直Distribute Selected Vertically,储存至画廊Save To Gallery帮助Help,操作模式管理Operator Type Manger, 性质模式Type Properties,观察附属View Dependence,编辑批注Edit Comment,编辑网络Edit Network,编辑参数界面Edit Parameter Interface,排列垂直边缘Edit Vertical Edges,排列水平边缘Align Horizontal Edges,分配选择的水平Distribute Selected Horizontally, 分配选择的垂直Distribute Selected Vertically,储存至画廊Save To Gallery帮助Help,操作模式管理Operator Type Manger, 性质模式Type Properties,观察附属View Dependence,编辑批注Edit Comment,编辑网络Edit Network,编辑参数界面Edit Parameter Interface,排列垂直边缘Edit Vertical Edges,排列水平边缘Align Horizontal Edges,分配选择的水平Distribute Selected Horizontally, 分配选择的垂直Distribute Selected Vertically,储存至画廊Save To Gallery帮助Help,操作模式管理Operator Type Manger, 性质模式Type Properties,VEX语言项下选项新的New,打开Open,打开立体对Open Stereo Pair,合并Merge,前端序列Prepend Sequence,后端序列Append Sequence,最近档案Recent Files,储存画祯Save Frame As,储存序列Save Sequence As,储存预览Save Preview,出口Export,载入背景Load background,卸载背景Unload Background,离开应用Quit Application,。
iges 曲面 类型
iges 曲面类型IGES is a widely used data format for representing and exchanging 3D geometry in the CAD/CAM industry. It stands for Initial Graphics Exchange Specification. It was developed in the 1970s and has since become an industry standard for interoperability between different CAD software applications. IGES files can contain a variety of geometric entities, including curves, surfaces, and solids.iges 是在 CAD/CAM 产业中广泛使用的一种表示和交换 3D 几何的数据格式。
它代表初始图形交换规范。
它是在 1970 年代开发的，自那时起已经成为不同 CAD 软件应用程序之间互操作性的行业标准。
iges 文件可以包含各种几何实体，包括曲线、曲面和固体。
One of the key features of IGES is its ability to represent complex surface geometries using a combination of mathematical equations and control points. This allows for highly detailed and accurate representations of complex shapes that may be difficult to model using traditional CAD techniques. Additionally, IGES files can store information about the topology and connectivity of geometricentities, making them particularly useful for downstream processes such as finite element analysis and computer-aided manufacturing.iges 的一个关键特点是它能够使用数学方程和控制点的组合来表示复杂的曲面几何。
【精】cadence笔记-gerber光绘出错
cadence笔记焊盘设计：1 drill/slot symbol--———设置在钻孔的可视符号，在NC legend—1-4层中显示的钻孔的表示符号,取决与这里的设置.2 drill/slot hole中plating的设置要注意。
3 allow suppression of unconnected internal pads?4 regular pad-—>当焊盘用走线连接时所使用的焊盘图形；Thermal relief--〉当焊盘用dynamic shape连接时所使用的焊盘挖空图形(当该层不定义时，则不挖空，可从下拉列表中选择图形形状和大小,也可使用flash）;当焊盘不连接时内电层的镂空图形。
5 如果是用于在不同的层之间电气连接的过孔，则thermal relief可以不设置（即为null），若是通孔焊盘，则需要做Flash焊盘，以增加热阻，利于焊接6 如果是用于BGA的过孔，则solder和paste层可设置为null7 按照IPC标准，soldermask比正常焊盘大0.1mm（直径还是半径?）即4mil，pastmask 和焊盘一样大8 焊盘的命名，表明焊盘的形状，尺寸。
antipad—-〉用于经过plane层（即负片）的过孔与非相同网络的dynamic shape的隔离,在布线层（即正片）中不起作用，布线层(即正片）中其功能由rule代替，设计时以钻孔大小为参考标准而非FLASHtermal relief->用于经过plane层（即负片)的过孔与相同网络的dynamic shape的连接（有图形的地方被挖空），在布线层（即正片）中不起作用,布线层中其功能由rule代替regular pad——>过孔在走线层中的焊盘形状对于不同网络的铺铜和过孔(作为焊盘时）的间距在spacing中设置，对于相同网络的铺铜和过孔（作为焊盘时）的间距（thermal releif）在same net spacing中设置,连接方式在setup->shapes—>edit global dynamic shape parameters中设置.所以，在设计一般的过孔(不用于焊盘）时，布线层，可仅设置regular pad,参考平面层可仅设置regular pad和antipad注：焊盘和shape连接方式都可以在setup—〉shapes-〉edit global dynamic shape parameters中设置9 如何创建自定义图形的焊盘：创建焊盘图形(file-〉new—〉shape symbol；shape；merge;creat symbol)；创建soldermask图形;创建焊盘封装设计：1 在allegro中新建package symbol2 设置图纸大小，单位制,精度，网格3 放置引脚4 在package geometry-〉assembly top中添加图形(line）5 在package geometry—>silkscreen中添加图形(line）6 在package geometry->place_bound_top中添加图形（区域)7 添加参考编号ref_des-〉assembly_top & ref_des—〉silkscreen_top8 file—>creat symbol 生成相应的psm文件通孔封装（25）1 创建FLASH：add—〉flash命令。
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The same as in Cinderella.2 …
… unveiled?
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An antecedent related to the 1st reason (I)
‘Jean-Marie and I have from time to time discussed interoperability between Cabri and Sketchpad, usually concluding "if only there were time..." JavaSketchpad's construction format is documented publically on the web (…), and is turns out, various JSP users have made more progress than I have in writing converters between JSP's format and other representations of constructions. I think that OpenMath or MathML may be the sort of effort we need to stimulate collaboration across packages on a geometry lingua franca.’ (emphasis mine) Nick Jackiw, Sketchpad Projects
A simple construction in Cabri …
… unveiled
Figure Cabri II Plus vers. MS-Windows 1.2.1.1 Window center x: -1.68cm y: 0.55cm Window size x: 8.55cm y: 6.05cm Resolution: 38 ppc 1: Pt, Val: 0 0 invisible, 2: Axes, Const: 1, cart, Val: 1 0 0 1 invisible, 3: Pt, Val: -3.28947368421053 -0.657894736842105 "A" TP: -3.57894736842105, -0.736842105263158, TS: 0.605263157894737, 0.473684210526316 p: 0, Arial, S: 12, C: 7, Fa: 0 4: Pt, Val: -0.578947368421053 3.05263157894737 "B" TP: -0.526315789473684, 3.60526315789474, TS: 0.605263157894737, 0.473684210526316 (more) p: 0, Arial, S: 12, C: 7, Fa: 0
Is there a documentation of the standalone-version's format available?
Nick> I think that OpenMath or MathML may be the sort of effort we need to stimulate collaboration across packages on a geometry lingua franca.
and Kortenkamp answers (in the same thread): Nick> Jean-Marie and I have from time to time discussed interoperability between Cabri and Sketchpad, usually concluding "if only there were time..." JavaSketchpad's construction format is documented publically on the web [...]
In my opinion you need a lot of experience with programming geometry software when you want to design a geometry description language. So I guess that, despite other efforts like OpenMath, we have to do the work ourselves.
(taken from a thread at the Math Forum@Drexel, initiated on July, 1999) /kb/thread.jspa?threadID=358348&tstart=465
An antecedent related to the 1st reason (II)
…
(more)
With The Geometer’s Sketchpad
Unveiling? Garbage!
GSP4 „ ´ 6 è † TQ That document was created with a newer version of Sketchpad and cannot be opened. | This document was created with a newer version of Sketchpad. Some information may be lost. The document will open as a copy. è $ »‡ ` a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q _ ,# GSP4_W_0502/Apr 18 2002 0# ` ± Arial ³ $' ÿ ì $' €ì $' € ì $' ÿÿ ì ' ' ' $' € €ì $' € ì $' ÿ ÿì $' ÿÿÿì $' ÀÀÀì $' ì $' ì $' ì %' &' 8' 8' 8' 9' :' Ð ÿ Õ õÿ A Ø ™ €T@ n@ × Ð ÿ @ Õ ùÿíÿ B Ø ™ €j@ G@ × Ð ÿ @ Õ C Ø ™ àp@ `q@ × Ð €@ Ò × Ð
Format Exchange in Dynamic Geometry
Francisco Botana, U. Vigo (joint work with M. Abánades & J. Escribano, UCM)
Outline
• Why? • How?
1st reason
The InterGeo project will help rationalize interactive geometry as a teaching tool. A web server will centralize interactive geometry educational resources in a common interoperable format. Tagged with meta-data assessing among other criteria their target audience, purpose and quality, they will be freely searchable, easily usable and re-usable, by ordinary teachers. Their reviews will help re-purposing. It will impact all the value chain in e-Learning, by providing easy to use building blocks of quality controlled semantically enriched interactive educational content, from ground school to university, for classrooms, on-line courses, or as bricks in an integrated digital education system. This project will help a multicultural community, built around interoperable quality controlled e-Learning standards in interoperable interactive geometry, to emerge and sustain itself with a wider audience than the present days niche markets of dedicated experts. (emphasis mine)