重金属矿业废弃地的生态恢复(华中科大)

Letters to Nature, 2000:406
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重金属 酸化 重金属 酸化
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矿业废弃地的生态恢复
1.表土复原技术 2.覆土植被技术 3.直接植被技术
重金属 耐性植物 废弃地 原生演替 重金属矿 业废弃地
酸化生物地 球化学模型
酸化预测 与控制
基质改良与 物种配置
最大优势： 经济、有效
Hua…Shu*. ISME J 2015
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建立AMD微生物群落与功能代谢潜能的预测模型
Kuang…Shu*. ISME J 2016
Why this study is so important - because it is the first to directly compare microbes in extreme and benign environments and look at their adaptive and evolutionary characteristics. What the researchers have found may very well explain how life managed to proliferate in the extreme environment that was Earth some 4 billion years ago. And it may also give us some hope, that if microbial life developed on Mars, somewhere it has and continues to evolve in the extreme environment of that planet
尾矿
采空区
排土场
污染退化区
黄铭洪、束文圣等，2003，环境污染与生态恢复，科学出版社
采空区
排土场
尾矿
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源头控制
过程控制
终端治理
为矿山及周边重金属污染治理提供整体的理论与技术支撑
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Hopes for future：Restoration ecology and conservation biology Science, 1997
重金属 耐性植物 废弃地 原生演替
重金属矿 业废弃地
酸化生物地 球化学模型
酸化预测 与控制
基质改良与 物种配置
最大优势： 经济、有效
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重金属矿 业废弃地
理论支撑 科学研究
工程管理 优化技经
方案合理 因地制宜
用材得当 选种培育
专业施工 用心抚育
重金属
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尾矿酸化过程中的微生物群落组成与功能演替 Dynamics of microbial community composition and function
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Shu et al. 2001, Environ Int
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• 铁硫氧化菌 • Fe2+完全氧化
调节池
• 调节pH(<4.5) • 回收施氏矿物
• aSRB • 回收重金属 厌氧反应器
好氧反应器
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• 宏基因组学 • 单细胞基因组学 • GeoChip
GeoChip or Functional Gene Arrays (FGAs)
The most comprehensive high throughput metagenomic technology for characterizing microbial community functional structure and activities.
GeoChip: A high throughput tool for linking community structure to functions
Significance
↑ ↓** ↑ ↓** ↓ ↓** ↓** ↑** ↑** ↑*
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p
修复前后的尾矿的微生物群落差别明显，酸化微生物被显著抑制。
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Yang…Li*. Soil Biol. Biochem. 2017
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江西德兴铜矿水龙山排土场 （第一期）生态恢复工程（2016.9）
pH EC (mS/cm） NAG-pH NAG (kg H2SO4/t) Available Pb (mg/kg) Available Zn (mg/kg) Available Cu (mg/kg) Total P (mg/kg) Available K (mg/kg) Available Mg (mg/kg)
Li…Shu*. Scientific Reports, 2014
AMD微生物群落的代谢潜能和功能活性
Chen…Shu*. ISME J 2015
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1 4
原始情况 恢复6个月后
2 5
覆土平整 恢复6个月后
3 6
恢复3个月后 对照组与改良组对比
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实验地整体恢复前后的土壤理化性质前后对比 Parameter
• Microarrays: Glass slides or other solid
surface containing thousands of genes arrayed by automated equipment.
• FGAs contain probes from the genes involved in
Highlighted by:
• A press release by Nature Press Office
•Reported by many Newspapers • National Ecology Observatory Networks (NEON), Roadmap • National Academy of Sciences, Metagenomics report
GeoChip Roadmap
83,992 Probes 549 Gene Families 28,000 Probes 292 Gene Families 24,243 Probes 150 Gene Families
268,059 Probes 2,433 Gene Families
2402 Genes
Geochemistry and mineralogy 16S pyrosequencing Metagenomic analysis
广东省凡口铅锌矿
16S焦磷酸测序揭示不同酸化阶段微生物群落组成的变化
Shifts of microbial community composition
Dominance of Proteobacteria in early and Archaea in late acidification stages
)%( ecnadnuba evitaleR
pH<3
~50 samples, 16S pyrosequencing
pH>5 pH 5-3 pH<3
硫铁矿酸化的室内模拟 Laboratory simulation experiments
Chen …Shu*. Environ Microbiol 2013 Liu …Huang*. Appl Environ Microbiol 2014 Chen …Shu*. Environ Sci Technol 2014
• Typical format: 50mer oligonucleotide arrays • Useful for studying microbial communities
– Functional gene diversity and activity – Limited phylogenetic diversity.
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永平铜矿排土场生态恢复区域原貌
4个月
二. 工程实例
我们在铅锌尾矿建立的人工湿地可以长期稳定地处理矿山重金属废水。 污染物去除率：As 87%、Cd 94%、Pb 99%、Zn 97%、TSS 99%。 Yang et al, 2006, Environmental Pollution
1.表土复原技术 2.覆土植被技术 3.直接植被技术
•R & D 100, among most outstanding 100 technological innovations and breakthrough in 2009
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Rocky Mountains
Rocky Mountains
Mining at Rocky Mountains
Question
o Heavy metals toxicity among wildlife in the Colorado Rocky Mountains
FIGURE 1. Cadmium concentrations in most commonly eaten ptarmigan foods (genera indicated) and in ptarmigan crops.
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江西德兴铜矿水龙山排土场 （第一期）生态恢复工程（2017.5）
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400 200 0 -200 -400 -600 -800 -1000 0 2 4
r = 0.44, P < 0.0001
ecneiliseR
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Species richness
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FeS2 + O2 + H2O → Fe(OH)3 + H2SO4 MS + O2 + H2O → M2+ + H+ + SO42pH<3；重金属溶出增加、毒性加剧；盐分高