小学英语六年级全册语法重难点讲解集合
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小学英语六年级全册语法重难点讲解集合
一、名词
表示某一事物,有具体的和抽象的之分。
分为可数名词和不可数名词。
注意:不可数名词都默认为单数,所以总是用is 或者was;最好不要根据some、any、a lot of等词去作判断,以免受误导。
1、可数名词如何变“复数形式”:
a.一般情况下,直接加-s,如:book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds;读音:清辅音后读[s],浊辅音和元音后读[z]。
b.以s、x、sh、ch 结尾的,加-es,如:bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches ;读音:[iz]。
c.以“辅音字母+y”结尾,变y 为i, 再加-es,如:family-families, hobby-hobbies, story-stories, library-libraries;读音:[z]。
d.以“f 或fe”结尾,变 f 或fe 为v, 再加-es,如:knife-knives,thief-thieves;读音:[z]。
结尾的词,分两种情况:
e.以“o”
(1)有生命的+es,如:mango-mangoes;tomato-tomatoes;potato-potatoes; hero-heroes; negro-negroes。
(口诀:黑人英雄爱吃芒果、土豆和西红柿)(2)无生命的+s,如:radio-radios;photo-photos;zoo-zoos;piano-pianos。
f. 不规则名词复数:
(1)单复数同形:sheep-sheep;deer-deer;fish-fish(用fishes表示很多不同种类的鱼);people-people;Chinese-Chinese;Japanese-Japanese;yuan-yuan (2)变a为e:man-men;woman-women; policewoman-policewomen;
snowman-snowmen
(3)mouse-mice, child-children, foot-feet, tooth-teeth
2、不可数名词没有复数。
如果要计算不可数名词所表达的数量,就得在数
词和不可数名词之间加上“量词+of”。
一般结构为:数词+量词+of+不可数名词,复数体现在量词上,如two cups of tea(两杯茶)。
常见的不可数名词有:
milk,water,juice,coffee,soup,bread,rice,hair,paper,advice,homework,news,inform ation,tea,beer等。
例如:a glass of water, a piece of paper, a bottle of juice.
练一练:
(一)写出下列各词的复数。
him _________ this _______ box______ watch_______
mango_______child _______ photo ________ diary
day________ foot________ dress ________ tooth_______
sheep ______box_______ strawberry _____ thief _______
engineer______ peach______sandwich ______man______
woman_______ leaf_______people________ bread
(二)用所给词的适当形式填空。
1、She can sing many (song).
2、Peter have three(e-friend).
3、He’s six (year) old.
4、Lily has gone to several foreign (country).
5、Wang Bing could speak different (language).
6、We have eight (lesson) every day.
7、Sam and Billy talk about their (hobby).
8、I have lots of good (friend) in Nanjing.
9、Are there any (student) in the classroom?
10、Tom has a few nice story (book).
11、Millie’s mother often makes (cake) for us.
12、Ted has hundreds of (toy) at home.
13、Jack always has lots of good (idea).
14、Our farm has fifty-four (sheep) this year.
15、My parents are English (teacher).
16、Teacher Wu often tells some funny (story) in class.
17、All of the people here are (writer).
18、The ground is full of (leave).
19、The two(thief) were caught by the police.
20、We all like (hero).
21、He loves eating(mango) very much.
22、These(tomato) are very fresh.
23、We have few (potato) left.
24、There are so many(child) in the kindergarten.
25、Many students in this school are(Chinese).
26、The book is six (yuan).
27、Lily has two(glass) of milk.
28、There (be )some bread on the table.
29、Do you like having some(coffee).
30、I have two(bowl) of rice everyday.
二、冠词
冠词是一种虚词,不能独立使用,通常放在名词的前面,分为“不定冠词”和“定冠词”两种。
1、不定冠词:a、an。
用在单数名词前,表示“一个,一件……”。
an 用在以元音(a/e/i/o/u)发音开头的单词前。
如:
an e-mail, an orange, an old man, an English teacher, an hour…
2、定冠词:the。
用在单数或者复数名词前。
the没有具体意思,表示特指
某个事物。
基本用法如下:
(1)用来表示特指某(些)人或某(些)事物。
如:The map on the wall is new.
(2)表示说话者双方都知道的人或事物。
如:Look at the picture, please.
(3)表示再次提到前面谈过的人或事物。
如:This is a stamp. The stamp is beautiful.
(4)用在表示世界上独一无二的事物前。
如:the sun 太阳the moon 月亮the earth 地球
(5)用在由普通名词构成的专有名词前。
如:the Great Wall 长城
(6)用在江河、湖海等专有名词前。
如:the Changjiang River 长江
(7)此外,序数词、形容词最高级、乐器名称等词前面和一些习惯用语中
一般都用定冠词the。
如:the first day, the best boy, play the piano, in the same class。
确定用a、an 还是the 时可根据汉语意思。
定冠词的用法口诀:
特指双熟悉,上文已提及;
世上独无二,序数最高级;
某些专有名,习语及乐器。
不用冠词的几种情况口诀:
下列情况应免冠,代词限定名词前;
专有名词不可数,学科球类三餐饭;
复数名词表泛指,两节星期月份前;
颜色语种和国名,称呼习语及头衔。
以上口诀主要概括了一般应“免冠”的几种情况,即:
①名词前已有作定语用的this、that、some、any、my等限定词
①专有名词和不可数名词前
①表示学科的(如:maths、Chinese、physics)名词前
①球类活动的名词前及三餐总称前
①复数名词表示泛指(一类人或事)时
①节日、季节、星期、月份前
①表示颜色(如:It's red / yellow.)、语种(如:speak English/Japanese)和国家的非全称名词(如:We live in China. They come from America.)
①在称呼或表示头衔的名词前
①某些习惯短语中(如:in bed、go to school等)
练一练:
(一)用 a 或an 填空。
-cream ____ goalkeeper____ teapot ____ apple ____ “UFO”____ ice
____old man____office____English book ____minute____umbrella
(二)根据需要,填写冠词a,an 或the。
(1)Who is ____girl behind ____tree?
(2)____old man has two children, ____ son and ____daughter.
(3)This is ____ orange. ____ orange is Lucy’s.
(4)He likes playing ____guitar. We have ____same hobby.
(5)We all had____good time last Sunday.
(6)She wants to be____doctor.
(7)cat can catch mice.
(8)The ant is insect .
(9)Lucy spends hour doing her home work everyday .
(10)Bob's father is engineer .
(11)John is honest boy .
(12)number of teachers in our school is 77.
(13)number of foreign visitors will come to Beijing next week.
(14)China has population of more than 1.3 billion.
(15)more you speak English, better you will be.
(16)elephant is a kind of animal in Africa.
三、数词
我们学过两类:基数词和序数词。
基数用于表示数量多少,而基数词用于表
,
;序数词前一定要有“the”示次序,常在日期中出现。
区别:基数词前面没有“the”
且序数词翻译一般为“第几。
”。
1、超过二十以上的两位数需要在个位和十位之间加上“-”。
如:21 twenty-one
2、三位数以上的则需要在百位数后再加上and。
如:101 a/one hundred and one
3、用基数词来修饰可数名词时,一定别忘了它的复数形式。
如:十八个男
孩eighteen boys
4、用基数词修饰不可数名词时,如是复数,变它的量词为复数。
如:两碗米饭two bowls of rice
5、序数词一般加“th”
,特殊的有:first, second, third, fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth
第几十几”:前面整十以及二十及二十以外的整十:twentieth, thirtieth, fortieth…“
不变,后面“几”改为序数词。
如:88 eighty-eighth
基数词变序数词口诀:
基变序,很容易,
一二三,特殊记,
th从四起,
八去t来九去e,
遇到ve,f替,
ty变为tie,后加th莫迟疑,
若想表示几十几,只变个位就可以。
练一练:
1、汉译英。
60 名学生15 本英语书
4 个孩子 6 月 2 日
40 年前上学第一天
九杯凉水12 月31日
第九周在8点整
2、把下列基数词改成序数词。
one fourteen
two twenty
three thirty-five
nine eighty-one
six sixteen
twelve twenty-two
四、代词
代词是我们经常用到的一类词,代词代替名词、动词、形容词、数量词的词。
如:我、他们、自己、人家、谁、怎样、多少、那里、这儿等。
代词通常会显示
出人称和数的区别:一般区分第一、第二和第三人称,以及单复数等。
代替名词、动词、形容词、数量词、副词的词,包括:
ɑ)人称代词,如“我、你、他、我们、咱们、自己、人家”,
b)疑问代词,如“谁、什么、哪儿、多会儿、怎么、怎样、几、多少、多么”,c)指示代词,如“这、这里、这么、这样、这么些、那、那里、那么、那样、那么些”。
英语代词可以分为:
1、人称代词: I我you你he他she她they他们me我(宾格)you你(宾格)him他(宾格)her她(宾格)them他们(宾格)
2、物主代词:my我的his他的your你的(your你们的)their他们的hers 她的
3、指示代词this这that那these这些those 那些
4、反身代词myself我自己himself他自己themselves他们自己
5、疑问代词who谁what什么which哪个
6、不定代词some一些many许多both两个;两个都
7、替代词one(单数),ones(复数)用于替代前面出现的同类事物
小学阶段重点考察人称代词和物主代词。
人称代词分为:第一、第二、第三
人称,且有单复数之分。
人称代词的主格在句中做主语,一般用在动词前(疑问
句除外);宾格在句中做宾语,多用于动词、介词后;
形容词性物主代词起形容词的作用,后面一定要跟名词,表示该名词是属于谁的;
名词性物主代词=形容词性物主代词+名词。
如:
This is my bag. = This is mine. That is her ruler. = That is hers.
一般看后面有没有名词,如有,就用形容词性物主代词;如无,就用名词性
物主代词。
详见表格:
代词
人称第一人称第二人称第三人称
单复数单数复数单数复数单数复数
人称代词主格I we you you he she it they 宾格me us you you him her it them
物主代词
形容词
性
my our your your his her its their 名词性mine ours yours yours his hers its theirs 练一练:
(一)按要求写出相应人称代词。
I(宾格)_______
she(形容词性物主代词)_______
we(名词性物主代词)
he(复数)_______
us(单数)_______
theirs(主格)_______
its(宾格)_______
We(反身代词)_______
This(复数)_______
Those(单数)_______
(二)用所给词的适当形式填空。
1)That is not ______ kite. That kite is very small, but _____ is very big. ( I )
2)The dress is _________. Give it to _________. ( she )
3)Is this _______watch? ( you ) No, it’s not _______. ( I )
4)____ is my brother. ____name is Jack. Look! Those stamps are _____. ( he )
5)_____dresses are red. ( we ) What colour are ______? ( you )
6)Show _______ your kite, OK? ( they )
7)I have a beautiful cat. _____name is Mimi. These cakes are ______. ( it )
8)Are these _____tickets? No, ____are not _____. ____ aren’t here. ( they ) 9)Shall ______have a look at that classroom? That is _______ classroom. ( we )
10)______is my aunt. Do you know ______ job? ______is a nurse. ( she )
11)Where are _____? I can’t find ______. Let’s call _______parents. ( they ) 12)Don’t touch ______. ______is not a cat, ______ is a tiger! ( it )
13)_________ sister is ill. Please go and see _________. ( she )
14)The girl behind _________ is our friend. ( she )。