Unit8 A Green World 知识点梳理 2021-2022学年牛津译林版八年级英语下册

8B U8 A Green World
1. Are you serious?
serious形容词，意为“认真的，严肃的”。

在句中作定语或表语。

I want to have a serious talk with you.
The old man looks very serious.
【拓展】
①be serious about sb. / sth. 对某人/某事是认真的
You should be serious about your work.
①be serious about doing sth.对做某事当真
Is he serious about wanting to be a doctor?
①seriously副词，意为“认真地，严肃地，严重地”。

那个女孩病情严重。

我们必须马上送她去医院。

The girl is seriously ill. We must send her to hospital at once.
2. We can save energy by turning off the lights when we leave a room.
（1）句中的save用作及物动词，意为“节约”。

Please save water every day.
【拓展】save其他含义：
①save用作及物动词，还可意为“储蓄，储存”。

杰克为了买电脑存了很多钱。

Jack saves a lot of money to buy a computer.
①save用作及物动词，还可意为“救，救助”，save one’s life意为“挽救某人的生命”。

那位著名的医生救了那个男孩的命。

The famous doctor saved the boy’s life.
（2）turn off意为“关上（电器等）”。

反义短语为turn on“打开（电器等）”。

Please turn off/on the radio.
【拓展】
①turn off与turn on都是“动词+ 副词”结构的短语，当此类短语动词接名词作宾语时，名词置于短语动词后面或动词与副词之间都可以；若接代词作宾语时，代词必须置于动词与副词之间且要用宾格形式。

如：Turn on the computer. = Turn the computer on.
Turn them off, please.
① turn up（把音量）调大，调高turn down （把音量）调小，调低
take turns 轮流turn into 变成；使变成
turn around 转过身
【辨析】turn off与close
turn off关上（电灯、自来水、煤气、无线电等）反义短语为turn on
close（把门、窗、箱子、盒子等）关上反义词为open
3. What should we do to live a green life, class?
短语：live a …life意为“过着……（样）的生活”。

My grandparents lived a poor life in the past.
The children are now living a comfortable life.
4. …this causes serious air pollution.
句子中的cause用作及物动词，意为“导致；造成”，其后可直接用造成的结果或发生的事情作宾语，也可接双宾语。

Does smoking cause cancer?
他给父母惹了很多麻烦。

He caused his parents a lot of trouble. = He caused a lot of trouble for his parents.
【拓展】
①cause用作及物动词，还可意为“使，迫使”，其后通常接动词不定式作宾语补足语。

Who caused her to cry?
The good news caused her to be happy.
①cause用作可数名词，意为“原因；起因”。

酒后驾车是交通事故最常见的起因之一。

Driving after drinking is one of the most common causes of traffic accidents.
①cause用作不可数名词，意为“理由；缘故”。

饭菜好极了，我没有理由抱怨。

The food was excellent—I had no cause for complaint.
5. In Switzerland, things like glass, plastic and paper are separated into different groups and then recycled.
（1）句中的separate用作及物动词，意为“分开，隔开”；separate…into意为“把……分成”，其被动形式为be separated into，意为“被分成”。

Let’s separate them into six groups.
【拓展】separate…from…意为“把……和……分开；把……与……分离”。

Please separate the white shirts from the black ones.
（2）recycle及物动词，意为“回收利用，循环利用”。

我们应该尽力把所有废纸回收再利用。

We should try to recycle all our waste paper.
注意：recycle的名词形式是recycling，意为“回收利用，循环利用”。

如：我们将所有的塑料回收利用。

We take all our plastic for recycling.
6. Some of the clothes are sold in charity shops, some are given to the poor, and others are sent to factories for recycling.
some…, some…, and others…意为“一些……，一些……，还有一些……”。

公园里有很多人，一些人在散步，一些人在谈话，还有一些人在阅读。

There are many people in the park. Some are walking, some are talking, and others are reading.
7. For example, we are not allowed to cut down trees. Otherwise, we will be punished.
（1）allow及物动词，意为“允许，准许”，常用于下列结构中：
①allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事；allow sb. not to do sth. 允许某人不做某事
The teacher allowed him to go into the classroom.
①allow doing sth. 允许做某事
We don’t allow smoking in public.
①be allowed to do sth. 被允许做某事
You’re not allowed to eat anything in the library.
（2）cut down意为“砍倒（树木）”。

去年路边的许多大树被砍倒了。

Many big trees along the road were cut down last year.
【拓展】cut down还可意为“缩减，减少”。

你必须把文章缩减到200词左右。

You have to cut down your article to about 200 words.
（3）otherwise副词，意为“否则；不然”，相当于or（否则）或if not.
We’ll go earlier. Otherwise, we may not catch the early bus.
8. We depend on its rich resources to live, so it is important for us to protect it wisely.
（1）depend on意为“依靠；取决于；视……而定”，其后跟名词、代词或从句。

万物生长靠太阳。

All living things depend on the sun for their growth.
你的将来取决于你现在的行动。

Your future will depend on your current action.
（2）wisely副词，意为“明智地，充满智慧地”。

其形容词形式为wise，意为“明智的，充满
智慧的”。

You should spend your free time wisely.
She made a wise decision at last.
9. These new types of energy cost very little and will never run out.短语：run out意为“用完；耗尽”。

Our food ran out soon.
【辨析】run out与run out of
这两个短语都有“用完”的意思，但用法不同。

run out 其主语通常是时间、金钱、食物等
无生命的名词，后面不能跟宾语
Water will run out some day if we don’t save
it.
run out of 表示主动含义，主语一般为人，后
面必须跟宾语，意为“把……用完”
Peter ran out of his money yesterday.
10. Remember that everyone can do something to make a difference!
（1）difference可数名词，意为“差别，差异”，其形容词形式为different，意为“不同的；有差异的”。

短语：be different from意为“与……不同”，其副词形式为differently.
My pen is different from yours.
（2）make a difference (to sb. / sth.) 意为“（对某人/某事）有影响，起作用”。

Does the bad news make a difference to your work?
11. treat something used so that it can be used again
（1）used此处为形容词，意为“用过的；二手的”。

I want to buy a used car at a cheap price.
（2）so that意为“以便，为了”，常引导目的状语从句，该从句的谓语动词常和can, may, should 等情态动词连用。

我父亲想给我买一辆自行车以便我能够很快到达学校。

My father wants to buy me a bicycle so that I can get to school quickly.
【拓展】so…that…意为“如此……以至于……”，引导结果状语从句。

I am so tired that I can’t walk any further.
12. What do they do to keep their country clean?
“keep + sth. / sb. + 形容词”意为“使某物/某人处于某种状态”，形容词作宾语补足语。

Coats can keep you warm.
【拓展】①keep用作连系动词，意为“保持”，后接形容词作表语。

We must keep healthy.
①keep作实意动词时，意为“保持，继续”。

She kept talking for two hours.
13. That sounds like a good idea.
sound like意为“听起来像”，后可接名词、代词或从句作宾语。

阳光公园听起来像个不错的地方。

Sunshine Park sounds like a great place.
听起来好像你正玩得高兴.
You sound like you are having a good time.
【拓展】在英语中，类似sound这样的感官动词，如look, feel, smell, taste等词后均可接介词like，然后再接宾语。

The boy looks like a student.
14. As well as people, animals are harmed by pollution.
短语：as well as意为“也，还有，而且”。

He has got a car as well as a motorbike.
【拓展】as well as用来表示同级比较，意为“和……一样好”。

Tom plays the piano as well as you.
注意：as well as连接两个名词或代词做主语时，谓语动词采用就远原则。

The teacher, as well as the students, has a good time at the party.
15. All of us will have a chance to think about the world around us.
（1）have a chance to do sth. = have a chance of doing sth.意为“有机会做某事”。

I had a chance to Beijing last year.
（2）think about意为“考虑；思考”，其后跟名词、代词或动名词作宾语。

I will think about it.
16. Use both sides of the paper
句中的both用作形容词，意为“两个都”，后可直接跟复数名词。

Both girls are from England.
17. Recycle empty bottles
句中的empty用作形容词，意为“空的”，其反义词为full，用作及物动词时意为“把……倒空”。

The buses are almost empty.
18. Here are the results of the survey.
Here are…表示“这儿有……；这儿是……”；此句是一个倒装句，here在此作表语。

其中here 后的be动词的单复数形式要根据be后名词的单复数确定；若是可数名词单数或不可数名词，be动词用is；若是可数名词复数，be动词用are.此用法类似于there be句型。

Here is a letter for you.
【拓展】①如果主语是代词，句子不用倒装语序。

Here he comes.
①如果主语是名词，则句子要用完全倒装语序。

Here comes the bus.
19. …but few students take their own bags to the supermarket.
few在此为形容词，意为“很少的；几乎没有的”，常修饰可数名词复数。

I’m new in the city, so I have few friends here.
【辨析】few, a few, little与a little
意义/功能修饰可数名词复数修饰不可数名词
表示否定（几乎没有）few little
表示肯定（有些，有几个） a few a little
There are few eggs in the fridge, so I must buy some.
There are a few eggs in the fridge, so I needn’t buy any.
There’s little rice in the bowl.
I can only speak a little French.
20. Air pollution is harmful to our health.
（1）harmful形容词，意为“有害的”，它的反义词是harmless，意为“无害的”。

I think this kind of plastic is harmful.
（2）be harmful to意为“对……有害”，相当于do harm to.
Smoking is harmful to your health. = Smoking does harm to your health.
21. Trees also help keep soil in place during storms.
短语：in place此处意为“在正确位置”。

She is used to putting everything in place.
【拓展】①in the place在那个地方
我回来的时候，他还站在那个地方。

When I came back, he was still standing in the place.
①in one’s place = in place of代替
杰克生病了，所以我代替他去开会。

Jack was ill, so I went to have the meeting in his place/in place of him.
①take the place of 代替
He used the fork to take the place of chopsticks.
22. Coal, oil and natural gas are not only useful for families, but have a wider use for factories.
not only…but (also)…意为“不但……而且……”，其中also可省略，可连接句子的主语、谓语、宾语、表语等成分，它连接主语时，谓语动词的数要与邻近的主语保持一致。

He can play not only the piano but also the violin.
Not only I but also Tom enjoys watching TV.
She was not only a writer but also an actress.
【拓展】not only后接句子放在句首表示强调时，not only所在的句子要用倒装语序。

太阳不仅给我们光，还给我们热。

Not only does the sun give us light but also it gives us heat.
23. They will be formed over thousands or even millions of years.
当hundred, thousand或million前面与具体的数字连用表示确切的数量时，要用单数形式；但当它们的复数形式与of连用时，意为“数以百/千/百万计的”，表示概数。

There are about two million people in the city.
24. If they are used and thrown away carelessly, finally some of them will run out.
carelessly副词，意为“满不在乎地；粗心地”，其形容词为careless，其反义词为carefully. He always does his homework so carelessly.
25. …so it is time for us to go green!
It is time for sb. to do sth.意为“到某人做某事的时候了”。

It is time for me to do homework.
【拓展】①It is time to do sth.到了做某事的时候了。

①It is time for…到了……的时间了。

It’s time for dinner. = It’s time to have dinner.
26. In order to save power, we should turn off the lights when we leave a room.
短语：in order to意为“为了；以便”，引导目的状语，可以置于句首或句末，后面接动词原形。

He got up early in order to catch the first bus.
【拓展】in order not to do sth.意为“为了不做某事”，这里的not to do sth.是动词不定式的否定形式。

In order not to be late for school, he gets up very early.。